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Ghose A, Lapitan P, Apte V, Ghosh A, Kandala A, Basu S, Parkes J, Shinde SD, Boussios S, Sharma A, Das P, Vasdev N, Rebuzzi SE, Ürün Y, Kanesvaran R, Maniam A, Banna GL. Antibody Drug Conjugates in Urological Cancers: A Review of the Current Landscape. Curr Oncol Rep 2024:10.1007/s11912-024-01524-7. [PMID: 38652426 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our review delves into the progress across urological malignancies and discusses ongoing challenges and future directions in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) development, emphasising their transformative potential in cancer care. RECENT FINDINGS ADCs have advanced from hematologic to solid tumours, notably in breast cancer, and are now pivotal in metastatic urological cancers as both monotherapies and in combination regimens, underscored by the FDA's approval of enfortumab vedotin and sacituzumab govitecan for metastatic urothelial cancer. Progress in metastatic prostate cancer, particularly with ADCs targeting PSMA and STEAP1, is noteworthy, although renal cell cancer presents ongoing challenges. There is a continual search for agents in the metastatic, relapsed testicular cancer landscape. ADCs have emerged as a pivotal innovation in oncology, blending targeted antibody therapy with potent cytotoxic drugs, significantly advancing treatment options for urological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Mount Vernon and Watford NHS Trust, Watford, UK
- Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Network, London, UK
- The Meet-URO Group, Italian Network for Research in Uro-Oncology, Milan, Italy
- British Oncology Network for Undergraduate Societies, London, UK
- United Kingdom and Ireland Global Cancer Network, London, UK
| | - Patricia Lapitan
- British Oncology Network for Undergraduate Societies, London, UK
- United Kingdom and Ireland Global Cancer Network, London, UK
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, UK
| | - Vedika Apte
- University College London Medical School, London, UK
- University College London Oncology Society, London, UK
| | - Adheesh Ghosh
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sreejana Basu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- University College London Oncology Society, London, UK
| | - Jo Parkes
- Immuno-Oncology Clinical Network, London, UK
- Worcestershire Oncology Centre, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
- British Oncology Pharmacy Association, London, UK
| | - Sayali D Shinde
- Cancer Academic Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
- Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- AELIA Organisation, 9Th Km Thessaloniki - Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anand Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Mount Vernon and Watford NHS Trust, Watford, UK
- Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - Prantik Das
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nikhil Vasdev
- Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Urological Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Chennai, India
| | - Sara E Rebuzzi
- The Meet-URO Group, Italian Network for Research in Uro-Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale San Paolo, Savona, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Yüksel Ürün
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Cancer Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ravindran Kanesvaran
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akash Maniam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
- Caribbean Cancer Research Institute, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Giuseppe L Banna
- The Meet-URO Group, Italian Network for Research in Uro-Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
- Faculty of Science and Health, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Abdulfatah E, Al-Obaidy KI, Robinson D, Wu YM, Heider A, Idrees MT, Ulbright TM, Kunju LP, Wu A. Molecular characterization of large cell calcifying sertoli cell tumors: A multi-institutional study of 6 benign and 2 malignant tumors. Hum Pathol 2024; 144:15-21. [PMID: 38154678 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors (LCCSCTs) are rare testicular tumors, representing <1 % of all testicular neoplasms. Almost 40 % of patients with LCCSCTs will present in the context of the inherited tumor predisposition syndrome, the Carney complex. While most LCCSCTs are benign, 10-20 % have malignant behavior. The aim of our study was to analyze LCCSCTs for novel molecular alterations in addition to PRKAR1A mutations and to identify potential drivers for malignant progression. Eight LCCSCTs diagnosed at two institutions were included. Two patients had the Carney complex confirmed on subsequent genetic testing, and two tumors had several adverse pathological findings. One patient presented with metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis. Targeted next-generation sequencing detected PRKAR1A alterations in all cases, with heterozygous PRKAR1A mutations in 5 tumors, germline Carney-complex-associated PRKAR1A mutation in 2 patients, and PRKAR1A fusion in 1 tumor. Additionally, sequencing the metastatic case identified CDKN1B and TERT promoter gene mutations. All tumors showed a low tumoral mutational burden and unremarkable copy number alterations except for frequent LOH of 17q24 encompassing the PRKAR1A locus. RNA expression analysis showed increased expression of several markers including novel PRUNE2, and usual markers like inhibin and calretinin. Our study showed that while LCCSCTs have been reported in the setting of cancer predisposition syndromes, the majority of these tumors occur sporadically. PRKAR1A alterations were present in all cases and appear to be the major driver in LCCSCTs. It remains to be determined whether malignant progression may be caused by additional driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdulfatah
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Dan Robinson
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi-Mi Wu
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amer Heider
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Lakshmi Pryia Kunju
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angela Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Wirjopranoto S. Testicular tuberculosis on a HIV/AIDS patient mimicking testicular mass. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:4963-4965. [PMID: 37422395 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soetojo Wirjopranoto
- Department of Urology, dr. Soetomo and Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Dr. Soetomo General-Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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Zhang X, Yang F, Ma X, Zhao H. The primary choriocarcinoma of testis with systemic metastasis in a patient with cryptorchidism. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:5289-5290. [PMID: 37479649 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Pathology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Huanfen Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
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Ezzahi M, Malih SE, Ennasery Z, Boumahdi N, Akammar A, Bouardi NE, Haloua M, Alami B, Lamrani MYA, Maaroufi M, Bouabdallah Y, Boubbou M. Neglected trauma-induced testicular torsion: Clinical, sonographic, and surgical correlation in a 13-year-old adolescent. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:3457-3462. [PMID: 37502489 PMCID: PMC10369384 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic testicular torsion is a rare condition, accounting for approximately 4%-8% of all reported cases of testicular torsion in the literature. Prompt clinical suspicion and intervention are crucial; as testicular torsion is considered a medical and surgical emergency that may lead to testicular necrosis. Ultrasound imaging plays an important role in assessing the integrity of the traumatized scrotum and facilitating early detection of associated testicular torsion. In this case report, we present a neglected post-traumatic testicular torsion in a 13-year-old child that led to orchiectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Ezzahi
- Department of Mother and Child Radiology, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Sara El Malih
- Department of Mother and Child Radiology, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Zaid Ennasery
- Department of Mother and Child Radiology, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Naoufal Boumahdi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Amal Akammar
- Department of Mother and Child Radiology, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Nizar El Bouardi
- Department of Adult Radiology, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Meriem Haloua
- Department of Mother and Child Radiology, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Badreeddine Alami
- Department of Adult Radiology, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Mustapha Maaroufi
- Department of Adult Radiology, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Youssef Bouabdallah
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Meryem Boubbou
- Department of Mother and Child Radiology, CHU Hassan II Fez, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Nova-Camacho LM, Acosta AM, Trpkov K, Sangoi AR, Pierre A, Chou A, Yilmaz A, Morini A, Rodrigues Â, Fletcher CDM, Perez-Montiel D, Maclean F, Contreras F, Queipo FJ, Muñiz Unamunzaga G, Mesa H, de Torres I, Ruiz I, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Lobo J, Schwartz L, Cheng L, Akgul M, García-Martos M, Palmer MB, Aron M, Raspollini MR, Manrique Celada M, Hwang M, Idrees MT, Rioux-Leclercq N, Zalles N, Vergara N, Lal P, Wobker S, Kammerer-Jacquet SF, Prendeville S, Tilmant T, Ulbright TM, Verkarre V, Collins K, Williamson SR, Panizo A. Metastatic solid tumors to the testis: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 157 cases from an international collaboration. Hum Pathol 2023; 139:37-46. [PMID: 37331529 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the spectrum of metastatic solid tumors to the testis and their clinicopathologic features. The databases and files of 26 pathology departments from 9 countries on 3 continents were surveyed to identify metastatic solid tumors to the testis and to characterize their clinicopathologic features in detail. We compiled a series of 157 cases of metastatic solid tumors that secondarily involved the testis. The mean patient age at diagnosis was 64 years (range, 12-93 years). Most patients (127/144; 88%) had clinical manifestation of the disease, with testicular mass/nodule (89/127; 70%) being the most common finding. The main mechanism of testicular involvement was metastasis in 154/157 (98%) cases. Bilateral testicular involvement was present in 12/157 (8%) patients. Concurrent or prior extratesticular metastases were present in 78/101 (77%) patients. The diagnosis was made mainly in orchiectomy specimens (150/157; 95%). Different types of carcinomas (138/157; 87%), most commonly adenocarcinoma (72/157; 46%), were the most common malignancies. The most common primary carcinomas included prostatic (51/149; 34%), renal (29/149; 20%), and colorectal (13/149; 9%). Intratubular growth was identified in 13/124 (11%) cases and paratesticular involvement was found in 73/152 (48%) cases. In patients with available follow-up (110/157; 70%), more than half (58/110; 53%) died of disease. In this largest series compiled to date, we found that most secondary tumors of the testis represent metastases from the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract carcinomas and typically occur in the setting of disseminated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz M Nova-Camacho
- Department of Pathology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian 20014, Spain.
| | - Andres M Acosta
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Faulkner Hospital, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Kiril Trpkov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2V 1P9, Canada
| | - Ankur R Sangoi
- Department of Pathology, El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA 94040, USA
| | - Allaume Pierre
- Department of Pathology, CHU Rennes - Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes 35000, France
| | - Angela Chou
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia
| | - Asli Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2V 1P9, Canada
| | - Aurélien Morini
- Department of Pathology, Grand Hôpital de L'Est Francilien, Jossigny, Ile-de-France 77600, France
| | - Ângelo Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Christopher D M Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Delia Perez-Montiel
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Fiona Maclean
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sonic Healthcare, Sydney 2000, Australia
| | - Félix Contreras
- Laboratorio de Patología, Clínica Universitaria Unión Médica, PUCMM, Santiago 51000, Dominican Republic
| | | | | | - Hector Mesa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Inés de Torres
- Department of Pathology, Vall D'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Irune Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Isabel Alvarado-Cabrero
- Department of Pathology Oncology, Star Medica Hospital, Oncology Hospital, IMSS, Mexico City 03810, Mexico
| | - João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal; Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), Porto 4200-072, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Lauren Schwartz
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Mahmut Akgul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - María García-Martos
- Department of Pathology, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - Matthew B Palmer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manju Aron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Muhammad T Idrees
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Nicole Zalles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Norge Vergara
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Priti Lal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara Wobker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Susan Prendeville
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Théau Tilmant
- Department of Pathology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Université Paris-Cité, Paris 75015, France
| | - Thomas M Ulbright
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Virginie Verkarre
- Department of Pathology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Université Paris-Cité, Paris 75015, France
| | - Katrina Collins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sean R Williamson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Angel Panizo
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
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Zhang B, Li F, Huang C, Xu L, Cao Z, Kang Y, Jiang W, Chang D. The correlation between clinical features and ultrastructure of testis of non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome patients with hypogonadism and androgen deficiency: A case report. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19940. [PMID: 37809695 PMCID: PMC10559353 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) is a sex chromosomal syndrome usually with an extra X chromosome (47, XXY) in males, which has various phenotype (mosaicism 47, XXY/46, XY, or more chromosomes 48, XXXY, 49, XXXXY) and clinical features, including eunuchoid body proportions, abnormally long legs and arm span, gynecomastia, ynecomastia, absent or decreased facial and pubic hair, small hyalinized testes, small penis, below-normal verbal intelligence quotient, and learning difficulties. At present, there are no studies on the correlation between the clinical characteristics of patients with KS and the ultrastructural changes of intracellular organelles in testicular tissue in China. Case presentation Here we report the ultrastructure manifestation of the testis tissues in a KS patient with hypogonadism and androgen deficiency, to find a relationship between ultrastructural changes of organelles and spermatogenic dysfunction, clinical features, timing of surgery and metabolic abnormalities. It has been shown that the spermatocytes are absent and the ultrastructure of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells is obviously abnormal, which may lead to spermatogenic dysfunction, androgen deficiency, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and abdominal fat accumulation. Conclusions Based on the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) Gudilines on Klinefelter Syndrome, this study conducted a retrospective study on the diagnosis and treatment of one adult patient with KS, aiming to provide a standardized diagnosis and treatment for patients with KS. This study is also highly concerned with the correlation between the ultrastructural changes of target organs and clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fudong Li
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chuang Huang
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liuting Xu
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhigang Cao
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yafen Kang
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Convalescent Section First of Convalescent Zone Second, Air Force Hangzhou Secret Service Rehabilitation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dehui Chang
- Department of Urology, The 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Laasri K, Imrani K, Bahlouli N, Billah NM, Nassar I. Multiple scrotal and testicular epidermoid cysts: A rare case report. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:2615-2617. [PMID: 37273729 PMCID: PMC10238592 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermoid cysts are benign lesions occurring on the skin usually; however, it rarely occurs in the scrotum or testicular area, and even more rarely the association of multiple epidermal cysts on the scrotum and testis. We report a case of multiple epidermal cysts on the scrotum and testis of a 40-year-old man who consulted for scrotal nodules. To our best knowledge, this is the first case to be reported in the literature. In this paper, we will discuss the histogenesis, the ultrasound features, and the complications of scrotal and testicular epidermal cysts.
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He KX, Xu L, Ning JZ, Cheng F. MiR-195-5p is involved in testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury by directly targeting PELP1 and regulating spermatogonia pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110427. [PMID: 37290329 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), which is characterized by testicular torsion and causes permanent impairment of spermatogenic function, is linked with pyroptosis. Studies have implicated endogenous small non-coding RNAs in IRI development across various organs. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism underlying miR-195-5p's action in regulating pyroptosis in testicular IRI. METHODS We established two models, namely a testicular torsion/ detorsion (T/D) mouse model and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-treated germ cell model. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate the testicular ischemic injury. The expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and reactive oxygen species production in testis tissues were detected using Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase assay kits and immunohistochemistry. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were evaluated using CCK-8 and LDH assays, whereas expression patterns of inflammatory proteins were measured using ELISA, immunofluorescence, and western blot assays. miR-195-5p interaction with PELP1 was validated by conducting the luciferase enzyme reporter test. RESULTS Pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 were significantly upregulated following testicular IRI. A similar pattern was observed in the OGD/R model. miR-195-5p was significantly downregulated in mouse IRI testis tissue and OGD/R-treated GC-1 cells. Notably, miR-195-5p downregulation promoted whereas its upregulation attenuated pyroptosis in OGD/R-treated GC-1 cells. Furthermore, we found that PELP1 is a miR-195-5p target. miR-195-5p attenuated pyroptosis in GC-1 cells by inhibiting PELP1 expression during OGD/R, and this protective effect was blocked upon miR-195-5p downregulation. Collectively, these results indicated that miR-195-5p inhibits testicular IRI-induced pyroptosis by targeting PELP1, suggesting that it has the potential to serve as a novel target for the future development of therapies for testicular torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xiang He
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Lizhe Xu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jin-Zhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Figueroa-Diaz A, Cordero-Pacheco C, Quintero-Noriega A. Erythema nodosum leprosum: A rare cause of testicular nodules. IDCases 2023; 33:e01823. [PMID: 37441582 PMCID: PMC10333602 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), characterized by erythematous subcutaneous nodules with multiorgan involvement and systemic manifestations such as neuritis, arthritis, and orchitis, affects approximately 50 % of patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL). It has also been associated with testicular atrophy and adult-onset hypogonadism, but testicular nodules have rarely been reported. We present the case of a 35-year-old male patient with biopsy confirmed LL who completed multidrug therapy and presented for follow-up with a complaint of testicular tenderness. His disease course had been complicated by ENL and polyneuritis. At the time, physical examination revealed a palpable tender nodule in the left testicle. Testicular ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral intratesticular masses, of which the differential diagnosis included malignancy and inflammatory or postinfectious granulomatous process. Laboratory workup, testicular malignancy markers, and hormone levels were within normal limits. In view of the patient's underlying condition and after Urology evaluation, a diagnosis of granulomatous process was favored. The patient completed a prednisone taper followed by a 3-day prednisone pulse and weekly methotrexate, with sequential testicular ultrasounds to monitor response. After a year of close follow-up and slow tapering of methotrexate, the patient achieved complete resolution of the left intratesticular mass and decrease in size of the contralateral mass, evidenced by both physical examination and imaging. This case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion in patients with LL and ENL who present with testicular nodules, as awareness of testicular involvement in this population is imperative to avoid life altering procedures such as orchiectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Figueroa-Diaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Aida Quintero-Noriega
- Department of Dermatology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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11
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Diop N, Dieng M, Sy M, Gueye MV, Diallo AS, Dieye M, Ndiade A, Ngom AI, Diatta AL, Faye O. Contribution to a better analysis of spermatic and ultrasound testicular parameters in the follow-up of male infertility at the Histology Embryology Cytogenetic Laboratory of Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD). Morphologie 2023:S1286-0115(23)00025-5. [PMID: 36842934 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Senegal, marital infertility is a real problem for society. We undertook the study of this subject to make an analysis of the spermatic parameters of the infertile Senegalese man and to better understand the impact of testicular morphological anomalies on male fertility. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study of 100 infertile patients followed at the Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics laboratory of UCAD in Dakar, during the year 2020. Sperm parameters, presence of varicocele, and testicular volume were evaluated in our patients. RESULTS/DISCUSSION The mean age of the patients was 35.17±8.7 years. A history of sexually transmitted infections was found in 57% of patients. The mean duration of infertility was 5.67±3.2 years. The mean sperm count was 14,871,230/ml±4,950,000. Necrospermia was the most frequent abnormality found (60%), followed by asthenospermia (51%). The high rate of necrospermia could be explained by the high frequency of sexually transmitted infections. Other abnormalities were oligospermia (48%, including 09% cryptospermia), azoospermia (19%), teratospermia (19%), and hypospermia (13%). The predominance of azoospermia and oligospermia should prompt a search for a genetic predisposition in these subjects. The mean testicular volume was 10.3±4.9 cc on the right and 9.5±4.8 cc on the left. A single or bilateral varicocele was found in 43% of subjects. Patients with azoospermia and teratospermia were associated with testicular hypotrophy with a significant value (p=0.04). CONCLUSION Overall, the senegalese man consulting for infertility is a young adult, married for an average of 5 years. Necrospermia is the most frequently found anomaly. The severity of both qualitative and quantitative abnormalities should lead to a systematic search for a genetic origin. The etiological research of infertile patients must be done within a multidisciplinary framework to propose better management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Diop
- Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Biology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal; Laboratory of clinical cytology, cytogenetics, biology of reproduction and human development, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - M Dieng
- Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Biology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - M Sy
- Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Biology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal; Laboratory of clinical cytology, cytogenetics, biology of reproduction and human development, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - M V Gueye
- Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Biology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal; Laboratory of clinical cytology, cytogenetics, biology of reproduction and human development, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - A S Diallo
- Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Biology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal; Laboratory of clinical cytology, cytogenetics, biology of reproduction and human development, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - M Dieye
- Thiaroye psychiatric hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - A Ndiade
- Laboratory of histology-embryology-cytology-cytogenetics and reproductive biology of Alioune Diop University, Bambey, Senegal
| | - A I Ngom
- Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Biology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - A L Diatta
- Laboratory of histology-embryology-cytology-cytogenetics and reproductive biology of the Assane SECK University, Ziguinchor, Senegal
| | - O Faye
- Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Biology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal; Laboratory of clinical cytology, cytogenetics, biology of reproduction and human development, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
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12
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Mohamed YG, Salad NM, Elmia AM, Ali AM. Intra-abdominal mass with empty scrotum in adult male revealed as testicular seminoma: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:3308-3311. [PMID: 35846506 PMCID: PMC9283801 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
During fatal development, the testes grow in the abdomen and descend into the scrotal sac. It can be stopped at any point along its path (cryptorchidism) or migrate to an atypical side (ectopic testis). A 47-year-old man from Somalia's lower Shabelle region was presented to the urology OPD, He had a history of non-tender abdominal mass for the previous four months, An examination revealed a mass in his abdomen that was firm, non-tender, and immobile, an abdominal ultrasound and a contrast enhanced CT abdomen showed a 15-cm heterogeneous bean-shaped mass above the bladder. After patient counseling and informed written consent, a laparotomy was done to remove the tumor. A seminoma of the undescended testis was identified during a histological examination. An intra-abdominal mass with empty scrotum should raise concerns about an intra-abdominal testicular tumor. To prevent/early discover these types of tumors, cryptorchidism should be treated at a young age, particularly before to the first year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahye Garad Mohamed
- Radiology Department, Mogadishu Somali Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Najib Mohamed Salad
- General Surgery Department, Mogadishu Somali Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Abdinasir Mohamed Elmia
- Radiology Department, Mogadishu Somali Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Abdihamid Mohamed Ali
- General Surgery Department, Mogadishu Somali Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
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13
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Kelly CE, Ryan PC, Cullen N, Aboelmagd M, Keane JP, Daly PJ. Adult testicular granulosa cell tumour: A rare case report. Urol Case Rep 2021; 41:101972. [PMID: 34950568 PMCID: PMC8671518 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult Granulosa cell tumours (AGT) are a rarely reported subtype of testicular cancer with an unpredictable clinical course. We report the case of a 45 year old man who was diagnosed with a 15mm testicular adult granulosa cell tumour with no metastatic disease at presentation. A radical inguinal orchidectomy was performed with histology demonstrating no invasion of the tunica vaginalis, epididymis, spermatic cord and no lymphovascular invasion. No further treatment was undertaken due to good prognostic factors. A follow up CT Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis at 4 months demonstrated no disease progression.
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14
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Hermi A, Bibi M, Rahoui M, Chelly B, Rhouma SB, Nouira Y. A case report of testicular diffuse large B-cell malignant lymphoma with cutaneous metastasis: A rare entity. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 88:106519. [PMID: 34741852 PMCID: PMC8577119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a variety of extra-nodal lymphoma taking origin from testis. It accounts 5% of all testicular tumors. Metastasis may occur in contralateral testis, bone, central nervous system and rarely in skin. Herein, we present the case of testicular diffuse large B-cell malignant lymphoma with cutaneous metastasis. Case presentation A 60-year-old male presented with swollen painless solid right testis, with homolateral inguinal nodes. Testicular tumors markers were within normal range. Right radical orchidectomy was performed. Histopathological examination concluded to the diagnosis of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Four weeks later, the patient presented alteration of general condition and multiples cutaneous centimetric lesions located in the right inguinal region. Biopsy of this lesion confirmed the diagnosis of metastases from the testicular lymphoma. The patient deceased three days later, before starting further treatment. Clinical discussion Primary testicular lymphoma is a rare variety of testicular tumors. The prognosis is poor. Metastasis may occur in different sites such as contralateral testis, central nervous system, and skin. The prognosis is usually poor in the rare case of cutaneous metastasis. Conclusion Primary testicular tumor is an aggressive rare variety of testicular tumors with poor prognosis. Cutaneous metastasis is rarely reported. Cutaneous lesions should be explored and suspected to be malignant. Early treatment with rapid multidisciplinary management is the key for adequate approach. Primary testicular lymphoma is rare, aggressive testicular tumor. Skin metastasis is extremely rare, and if present, compromises the prognosis. Diagnosis may be comforted by 18F-PET-CT. Orchidectomy followed by chemotherapy is the recommended therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Hermi
- University Tunis Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Urology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mokhtar Bibi
- University Tunis Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Urology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moez Rahoui
- University Tunis Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Urology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Beya Chelly
- University Tunis Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Pathology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Ben Rhouma
- University Tunis Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Urology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Nouira
- University Tunis Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Urology, La Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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15
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Taros T, Chabot M, Sokoloff M, Wollin M. Report of a rare testicular teratoid Wilms Tumor in an adult patient. Urol Case Rep 2021; 40:101894. [PMID: 34712587 PMCID: PMC8529497 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although primarily a pediatric disease, nephroblastomas (also known as Wilms tumor) occur in adults at a rate of less than 0.2 cases per million per year. Rarer still are teratoid Wilms tumors, which arise from teratomas and therefore can be extrarenal. We describe the sixth recorded case of a testicular teratoid Wilms tumor in an adult patient with accompanying histological images of the specimen. Following the case, there is a brief discussion of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Taros
- Corresponding author. 55 Lake Ave North c/o Department of Urology Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Male infertility is responsible for 50% of men's health problems and has always been a concern for personal and social issues. A survey of global statistics suggests an increase in infertility rate as one of the critical issues documented in studies. There are different ways of maintaining fertility in men, depending on their age. In this paper, we review the preservation methods used for fertility treatment in Iran and other countries. Available data were reviewed from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IranMedex, MEDLIB, IranDoc and Scientific Information Database and searched for articles published up to 2018, using the medical subject heading (MeSH) terms for cryopreservation, sperm, testicular, spermatogonia stem cell, male infertility and/or Iranian and in the world, to provide evidence from evaluation of fertility preservation the methods. Based the search strategy, 274 manuscripts were found. After reviewing the titles, abstracts and manuscripts in their entirety, 119 articles were obtained and selected according to the eligibility criteria. The 85 studies mentioned above were divided into three categories (sperm, testis, and spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs)), and methods of fertility preservation were investigated. Ways to maintain male fertility were different depending on age, and included sperm, testicular, and SSC freezing. The number of studies on testicular tissue and SSCs was low for human samples, and more studies are still needed. Sperm freezing at infertility centres is the top for male fertility preservation.
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17
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Aryan H, Movassaghi S, Ghasemi A, Darabi R. Effects of Maternal Exposure to Lamotrigine during Pregnancy on Gonadal Toxicity in Fetus Rats. Galen Med J 2021; 9:e1557. [PMID: 34466552 PMCID: PMC8343942 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lamotrigine is one of the newest antiepileptic drugs that is used as one of the most common treatments in pregnancy. Since the investigation of the teratogenic effects of lamotrigine is very limited and there is no report of its teratogenic effects on fetal gonads, we aimed to investigate the teratogenic effects of lamotrigine on embryonic gonads. Materials and Methods This study was performed on nine female Wistar female rats (8 weeks, weighing 180-200 mg). At first, the animals were inspected regularly by the preparation of vaginal smear and in the estrus phase in separate cages of mating, and after observing the vaginal plaque, were randomly divided into three groups (n=3). Control group did not receive any treatment. In the lamotrigine group (20mg/kg), and the vehicle group (same volume of normal saline) were injected intraperitoneally from days 8 to 13 of pregnancy. On day 20, animals were anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg), and embryos were extracted through laparotomy. First, fetuses were weighed, and their height (crown-rump length) was measured. Then the gonads of the fetuses were removed and, stained with H & E, and examined by optical microscope. Results Our results showed that in the lamotrigine group, the number of seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells in the male embryos and the number of oocytes in the female embryos decreased significantly compared to the control and vehicle groups (P≤0.05). Conclusion The results of this study showed that treatment with 20 mg/kg lamotrigine in mothers during pregnancy could cause damage to fetal gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Aryan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Shabnam Movassaghi
- Anatomy Department, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Medical Students’ Scientific Association (MSSA), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roksana Darabi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence to: Roksana Darabi, Medical Research Center, Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Attarimoqaddam Ave, Haqani Ave, Dr. Shariati St, Tehran, Iran Telephone Number: 09121096443 Email Address:
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18
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Pellegrino F, Scabbia F, Merlo A, Perrucci L, Aliberti L, Urso A, Ambrosio MR, Cuneo A, Galeotti R, Giganti M. Spontaneously reversible adrenal nodules in primary diffuse large B-cell testicular lymphoma mimicking an extranodal involvement: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:2168-2173. [PMID: 34168717 PMCID: PMC8209649 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the staging of cancer patients, transient and spontaneously reversible bilateral adrenal hypertrophy may mimic a secondary localization of the disease. We discuss the case of an 82-year-old male patient with suspected testicular neoplasia in which abdominal CT examination reveals the onset of a bilateral macronodular adrenal enlargement, suggesting the diagnostic hypothesis of primary testicular neoplasia with secondary adrenal localization. The subsequent 18FDG-PET/CT study showed hyper-metabolism of the testicular mass, while the adrenal glands, surprisingly, did not show increased uptake of the radiotracer. After right orchifunicolectomy, primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed. The subsequent staging PET/CT study with iodine contrast medium, three months after the first CT examination, showed spontaneous complete regression of the adrenal hypertrophy without any use of drug therapy. The differential diagnosis of this finding considered the lack of hypermetabolism and the densitometric characteristics of the adrenal glands, the absence of possible pharmacological interactions throughout the time of the diagnostic procedures, and the available clinical-laboratory data. By excluding the main causes of adrenal hypertrophy, the most likely diagnostic hypothesis was transient adrenal hypertrophy due to stress induced by testicular lymphoma, meaning by stress a disturbance not only emotional but also an alteration of organic homeostasis. Our case suggests that the analysis of adrenal lesions appeared in cancer patients should take into account non-metastatic conditions that must be studied with a multimodal approach and with serial investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Scabbia
- Department of Morphology, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Perrucci
- Ferrara Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, Ospedale di Lagosanto, Azienda AUSL, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ludovica Aliberti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Urso
- Section of Hematology, St. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ambrosio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Section of Hematology, St. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Galeotti
- Department of Morphology, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Melchiore Giganti
- Department of Morphology, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Pickersgill NA, Raval NS, Kim EH, Black RG, Du K, Figenshau RS. Post-chemotherapy Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Mixed Malignant Germ Cell Testicular Tumors. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 19:273.e1-273.e5. [PMID: 33139148 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is performed to treat residual disease following chemotherapy for stage II and III testicular cancer. Significant morbidity can be associated with open RPLND. As such, laparoscopic techniques have been demonstrated to be safe and effective in select cases. Outcomes following post-chemotherapy laparoscopic RPLND for mixed malignant germ cell testicular tumors (MMGCT) are limited in the literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review for patients who underwent laparoscopic RPLND at our institution for MMGCT from May 2006 to October 2016. Patient clinical data and perioperative and oncologic outcomes were recorded. RESULTS Twenty-three patients underwent post-chemotherapy laparoscopic RPLND. Thirty-five percent (8/23) underwent bilateral template dissection, whereas 65% (15/23) underwent a modified unilateral template dissection. Robotic assistance was utilized in 22% (5/23) of cases. Bilateral template was inferior to unilateral template RPLND in operative time, estimated blood loss, open conversion rate, length of hospital stay, and complication rate. The mean follow-up was 35.1 months and 43.3 months for the bilateral and unilateral template groups, respectively. The mean lymph node yield and recurrence rate were similar between the 2 cohorts. One recurrence of mature teratoma was noted 67 months after unilateral laparoscopic RPLND. CONCLUSIONS In select patients, laparoscopic RPLND for stage II and III MMGCT is safe and effective in the post-chemotherapy setting. Bilateral template laparoscopic RPLND was associated with inferior perioperative outcomes, but similar oncologic outcomes compared with unilateral template. Patients requiring bilateral template RPLND should be considered for an open approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neel S Raval
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Eric H Kim
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - River G Black
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kefu Du
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - R Sherburne Figenshau
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
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20
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Wang M, Zhu CQ, Zeng L, Cheng L, Ma L, Zhang M, Zhang YZ. Melatonin regulates the cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis by SIRT3 in testicular Leydig cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 555:182-189. [PMID: 33823364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis, as major modes of cell death, play critical roles in cellular homeostasis. Our previous study demonstrated that the cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis regulated cadmium-induced testicular injury and self-recovery, influencing male fertility. However, the underlying mechanism remains blurry. Herein, our subfertility rat model indicated that cadmium-induced autophagy and apoptosis were ameliorated by the activation of SIRT3 and blunted by the inhibition of SIRT3 in rat testis. Further, generating SIRT3 overexpression and knockdown models in TM3 mouse Leydig cells, we found that melatonin (SIRT3 activator) and overexpression of SIRT3 rescued cadmium-induced autophagy and apoptosis in TM3 cells. Knockdown of SIRT3 induced autophagy and apoptosis, which failed to be reversed by melatonin in TM3 cells. Taken together, SIRT3 functions as a pivotal protective factor in testicular Leydig cells injury, and melatonin regulates the cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis by SIRT3, ameliorating cadmium-induced testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Harvard-MGH Center for Reproductive Medicine and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Clinical Medicine Research Center of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Chao-Qun Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Ling Zeng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Ling Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Zhen Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Health in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China.
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Ablimit A, Abdureyim Z, Yang P, Azmat R, Shan W, Yao Q. Testicular AQP1 expression in a rat model of testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion injury. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:169.e1-169.e6. [PMID: 33358303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is the archetype of all aquaporins and involved in rapid cellular water fluxes and cell volume regulation. AN OBJECTIVE This study was conducted for the investigation of AQP1 expression in normal testicular tissues and those with I/R injury in a rat model. STUDY DESIGN A TT rat model was established using male Wister rats (4 weeks old, 180-220 g), and AQP1 distribution in the testicular tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The wet/dry (W/D) weight ratios of the testes were determined at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, or 5 days after the establishment of the TT model. At each time point, pathological sections were prepared and the mRNA and protein expression levels of AQP1 were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining indicated that AQP1 distributes in testicular vascular endothelial cells and interstitial connective tissues. The testicular edema was observed 12 and 24 h after TT, as indicated by the increase in wet/dry weight ratio and pathological changes, such as enlarged testicular interstitium, atrophy of spermatogenic tubules, and epineurium tubule exfoliation. Increase in the expression levels of Aqp1 mRNA and AQP1 protein levels peaked at 24 h. Edema was alleviated at 36 and 48 h, as manifested by the gradual thinning of the spermatogenic tubules epithelium with narrowed interstitium and weakened inflammatory cell infiltration. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of AQP1 dramatically decreased. At 5 days after TT, edema was nearly absent, and the mRNA and protein levels of AQP1 were restored to basal levels. DISCUSSION Testicular torsion increases AQP1 expression and W/D ratios in testis tissues. The upregulation of AQP1 expression and decline in AQP1 level are consistent to the development and alleviation of edema in testis tissues that underwent testicular torsion. CONCLUSION Changes in AQP1 expression were consistent with edema severity in the testes, indicating a close relationship between the expression of AQP1 and the extent of edema in testicular I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abduxukur Ablimit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Zumrat Abdureyim
- Center of Morphology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Rozjan Azmat
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Weibi Shan
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Qiaoling Yao
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Bedir F, Kocaturk H, Ozgeris FB, Yazici GN, Suleyman Z, Suleyman H. The effect of taxifolin on experimental testicular ischaemia reperfusion injury in rats. A biochemical and histopathological analysis. Rev Int Androl 2021; 20:17-23. [PMID: 33531214 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to investigate the protective effect of taxifolin (3,5,7,3,4-pentahydroxy flavanone), a strong antioxidant, against testicular I/R injury in rats biochemically and histopathologically. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50mg/kg taxifolin was administered to taxifolin+testicular torsion-detorsion (TTTD, n-10) group of Albino Wistar male rats by oral gavage. Distilled water .5ml as a solvent was administered to testicular torsion-detorsion (TTD, n-10) and Healthy Control (SG, n-10) groups using the same method. An hour after the administration of taxifolin and distilled water, anaesthesia (ketamine 60mg/kg) was administered to all animal groups. TTD and TTTD group animals were subjected to testicular torsion at 720 degrees for four hours during anaesthesia. At the end of this period, testicular detorsion was applied and perfusion was allowed for four hours. Sham operation was applied to SG group. RESULTS Our biochemical experiment results showed that the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in testicular tissue of TTD group presented a significant increase compared to SG and TTTD groups whereas total glutathione (tGSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels decreased. In addition, while TTD group presented severe histopathological damage in germinal epithelium cell and seminiferous tubule, mild damage was observed in TTTD group. CONCLUSIONS The results of our experiment indicate that taxifolin could be useful in the treatment of testicular I/R damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fevzi Bedir
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, 25040 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Kocaturk
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, 25040 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Betul Ozgeris
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gulce Naz Yazici
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, 24100 Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Suleyman
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, 24100 Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Halis Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, 24100 Erzincan, Turkey.
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Ou N, Song Y, Xu Y, Yang Y, Liu X. Identification and verification of hub microRNAs in varicocele rats through high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:189-99. [PMID: 33022359 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Varicocele (VC) is the most common treatable cause of infertility, but it is difficult to distinguish fertile from infertile VC populations because the pathogenesis is unclear. In order to study the related mechanism of VC causing male sterility, we made VC rats model by surgery, analyzed the rat epididymal sperm, and use the transcriptome sequencing compared all the miRNA expression differences in testicular tissue between VC rats, surgical treatment rats and control rats. The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) of testicular tissue were also screened by the edgeR package in R software. We found that rno-miR-210-3p, rno-miR-6316, rno-miR-190a-5p and rno-miR-135b-5p were key miRNAs for VC and they were all up-regulated in VC samples and they are enriched in regulation of immune system process (GO:0002683), innate immune system (R-RNO-168,249) and apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:0097190). We hypothesize that negative regulation of immune system and apoptosis play an important role in the occurrence and development of VC, and it is induced the abnormal expression of target genes (such as Kitlg, Cxcl12) may involve in the development of VC associated infertility. Four key miRNAs, rno-miR-210-3p, rno-miR-6316, rno-miR-190a-5p and rno-miR-135b-5p, as well as their target genes are critical in VC, which could have attractive applications to provide new biomarkers for VC.
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Abstract
Testicular cancer is responsible for approximately 0.1% of all cancer deaths in the USA, and seminoma is the most common type of testicular tumor. Ultrasonography is the primary imaging modality for accessing testicular and extratesticular lesions, while magnetic resonance imaging can be used for problem solving in lesion characterization in certain cases. CT imaging is usually performed for retroperitoneal staging of testicular cancer metastasis and follow-up after treatment. Extratesticular masses are common, yet rarely malignant. Imaging plays an important role in primary diagnosis of testicular cancer and differentiating it from common non-neoplastic findings. The purpose of this article is to review various imaging findings in testicular and extratesticular masses.
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Gazwi HSS, Mahmoud ME, Hamed MM. Antimicrobial activity of rosemary leaf extracts and efficacy of ethanol extract against testicular damage caused by 50-Hz electromagnetic field in albino rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:15798-15805. [PMID: 32086737 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary is a restorative plant that has numerous utilizations in traditional medicine. In this investigation, rosemary leaf extracts were examined for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial activity was tested against 8 bacterial strains. The antioxidant feature of rosemary extract on rat testicular tissue after exposure to the electromagnetic field. Sixty adult male albino rats weighing 180-200 g (aged 2 months) were divided into six groups: control group, rosemary group (receiving rosemary extract at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.wt), EMF (2 h) group (exposed to 50 Hz and 5.4 kV per meter of magnetic field for 2 h), EMF (4 h) group (exposed to 50 Hz and 5.4 kV per meter of magnetic field for 4 h), EMF (2 h) + rosemary group (receiving both magnetic field for 2 h and extract), and EMF (4 h) + rosemary group (receiving both magnetic field for 4 h and extract). After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed, and some estimates were determined. Results exhibited that the ethanolic extract of rosemary leaves was active against pathogenic bacteria. Results also demonstrated that exposure to EMF diminished level of male hormones (e.g., follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH)) in serum and catalase (CAT) activity remarkably and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in comparison to the control group. Signs of improvement in the male hormones, CAT activity, and MDA levels were noticed during the treatments with rosemary. Histological results showed that the rosemary extract inhibited the destructive effect of electromagnetic fields on testicular tissue. This research reveals that the ethanolic extract of rosemary has many beneficial effects that can be compelling in supporting individuals living with EMF ecological contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa S S Gazwi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Magda E Mahmoud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Moaz M Hamed
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Red sea branch, Hurghada, Egypt
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Le Quoy MA, Beaudoin S, Galmiche L, Grange G. Use of multimedia tools in case reports to assess prenatal diagnostic accuracy: Example of video sequence with a testicular teratoma. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020; 49:101709. [PMID: 32045713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Beaudoin
- hôpital Necker enfants maladies, France.
| | - L Galmiche
- hôpital Necker enfants maladies, France.
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Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Safiriyu OA, Oyabunmi OS, Akamo AJ. Renal and testicular up-regulation of pro-inflammatory chemokines (RANTES and CCL2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) following acute edible camphor administration is through activation of NF-kB in rats. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:759-767. [PMID: 31413946 PMCID: PMC6687103 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Camphor-induced oxidative stress and histopathological changes (in brain, lung, liver, kidney and testes) have been reported. We therefore investigated the effect of various doses of camphor in an acute study, on renal and testicular levels of some pro-inflammatory mediators in male wistar rats. Twenty rats divided into four groups of five rats each were used in this study. Group 1 served as control and was administered 6 mL/kg olive oil, the vehicle for camphor, while groups 2, 3 and 4 were orally administered 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg body weight camphor, for seven days. Compared with control, levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were significantly increased kidney and testes by 2000 and 4000 mg/kg body weight, while interleukin 10 (IL-10) was only significantly increased by 1000 mg/kg body weight of camphor in both tissues. Also compared with control, all doses of camphor administered resulted in a significant increase in the expressions of renal and testicular nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemo-attractant protein 1 (MCP-1). Conclusively, use and consumption of camphor should be with caution as it could trigger renal and testicular inflammation through activation of NF-kB and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi T Somade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwaseyi A Safiriyu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oluwasola S Oyabunmi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adio J Akamo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well recognised that men with unilateral testicular cancer may go on to develop metachronous cancer in the contralateral testis. Here, we present two cases of metachronous bilateral testicular cancer and a literature review. CLINICAL CASES In both cases, the second testicular cancer occurred several years after the initial cancer, and both cases were not screened for presence of contralateral germ cell neoplasia in situ upon the first diagnosis. DISCUSSION We also present a literature review on the need for screening biopsies of contralateral testis for germ cell neoplasia in situ and the risk factors which should encourage screening. Furthermore, we also explore the effect of chemotherapy on the incidence of contralateral testicular cancer and the effectiveness of radiotherapy in the treatment of germ cell neoplasia in situ. CONCLUSION We believe that screening biopsies of the contralateral testis upon diagnosis of unilateral testicular cancer should be encouraged as it can lead to better management of the condition and a relatively favourable outcome on functional fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yang Low
- University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Angela Yan
- University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Dhili Arul
- Department of Histopathology, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Nkembe MN, Mvalo CM, Tianyi FL, Demba C. Ambiguous presentation of an intra-abdominal testicular seminoma in a 40-year-old man: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2019; 13:2. [PMID: 30609931 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptorchidism is the most common congenital malformation of the male genitourinary tract. The cryptorchid testis is most often located in the inguinal canal; however, intra-abdominal locations are not rare. The risk of malignancy in an undescended testis is 10% with the highest risk in an intra-abdominal testis. Case presentation Here we describe a case of a 40-year-old fertile man of Fulbe origin who presented with a non-tender lower abdominal mass of 2 months’ duration. A scrotal examination revealed just one testis in the right scrotum, with the contralateral scrotum and inguinal canal being empty. An exploratory laparotomy followed by tumor excision and histopathology revealed a testicular seminoma. Conclusion This case report highlights the need for routine scrotal examination in all men presenting with an abdominal mass so as to rule out the possibility of an intra-abdominal seminoma.
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30
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Wong DG, Singla N, Bagrodia A. Massive Intra-abdominal Germ Cell Tumors: A Case Series and Review of Literature. Rev Urol 2019; 21:136-140. [PMID: 31768145 PMCID: PMC6864910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intra-abdominal testes are at increased risk of malignant transformation and can manifest as large abdominal masses with a wide variation in presenting symptoms. In the setting of cryptorchid or nonpalpable testes, large abdominal masses are highly suspect for germ cell tumors. Without standard guidelines, management can vary extensively. Surgical management may not be trivial and can entail a major abdominal operation in the context of a multimodal approach. The use of biopsy and serum tumor markers may effectively guide sequence of management based upon expected histology. In advanced cases, neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be pursued, and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection may be accomplished at the time of orchiectomy to minimize morbidity. The development of these massive late stage tumors reaffirms current guidelines on the early correction of cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Wong
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
| | - Nirmish Singla
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX
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Brodie KE, Saltzman AF, Cost NG. Adolescent testicular microlithiasis: A case-based, multinational survey of clinical management practices. J Pediatr Urol 2018; 14:151.e1-8. [PMID: 29428360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is a condition characterized by calcium deposits within the testis, usually detected incidentally during ultrasonography of the scrotum. TM has been associated with the presence of, and possibly the development of, testicular malignancy. Our aim was to document international clinical management practices for TM and to analyze what factors and perception of risk influence conservative versus active management and follow-up. METHODS European Society for Paediatric Urology (ESPU) and Society for Pediatric Urology (SPU) members were invited to complete an online case-based survey of clinical management practices of TM. Eight cases had a single variable changed each time (classic versus limited TM, unilateral versus bilateral, prior cryptorchidism versus no cryptorchidism) to ascertain the provider's perception of risk. The respondents completed multiple choice questions on initial management, follow-up plan, length and interval of follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with decisions on management and follow-up. RESULTS There were 265 respondents to the survey from 35 countries (Table). Median time in practice was 13 years. Factors that were significantly associated with more aggressive initial management (more than counseling on self-examination) included: not yet in independent practice, low volume TM cases per year, those practicing pediatric and adult urology, classic appearance of TM and cryptorchidism. Factors that were significantly associated with urologist follow-up and active investigation included: European practitioners, low TM case volume per year, those practicing both pediatric urology and pediatric surgery, classic TM appearance and a case history of cryptorchidism. Interval and length of follow-up was wide-ranging, with most respondents favoring annual follow-up. CONCLUSION Management of TM varies and a mix of surgeon and case factors significantly influences management strategies. This baseline understanding of the lack of systematic management suggests the need for the development of consensus guidelines and prospective study.
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Chaker K, Sellami A, Ouanes Y, Chehida MAB, Bibi M, Krarti M, Abid K, Rhouma SB, Nouira Y. Leydig cell testicular tumors: About a case report. Urol Case Rep 2018. [PMID: 29541582 PMCID: PMC5849939 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kays Chaker
- Departement of Urology La Rabta Hospital, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | - Mokhtar Bibi
- Departement of Urology La Rabta Hospital, Tunisia
| | - Mahdi Krarti
- Departement of Urology La Rabta Hospital, Tunisia
| | - Karem Abid
- Departement of Urology La Rabta Hospital, Tunisia
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, China
| | - Yan Lei
- Urinary Surgery Department in Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong province, China
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González-Billalabeitia E, Sepúlveda JM, Maroto P, Aparicio J, Arranz JA, Esteban E, Gironés R, López-Brea M, Mendez-Vidal MJ, Pinto A, Sastre J, de Prado DS, Terrasa J, Vázquez S, Powles T, Beyer J, Castellano D, Del Muro XG; Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group and the Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group. Consensus Recommendations from the Spanish Germ Cell Cancer Group on the Use of High-dose Chemotherapy in Germ Cell Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 3:280-6. [PMID: 28753776 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) has been studied in several clinical scenarios in advanced germ cell cancer (GCC). OBJECTIVE To establish a clinical practice guideline for HDCT use in the treatment of GCC patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An expert panel reviewed information available from the literature. The panel addressed relevant issues concerning and related to HDCT. The guideline was externally reviewed by two international experts. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The efficacy of HDCT has been demonstrated in selected GCC patients. The most conclusive evidence comes from retrospective analyses that need to be interpreted with caution. HDCT can cure a significant proportion of heavily treated GCC patients. When indicated, sequential HDCT with regimens containing carboplatin and etoposide, as well as peripheral stem-cell support, is recommended. There is no conclusive evidence to recommend HDCT as first-line therapy. According to a multinational retrospective pooled analysis, HDCT might be superior to conventional CT as first salvage treatment in selected patients. There is an urgent need for prospective clinical trials addressing the value of HDCT in GCC patients who experience failure on first-line cisplatin-based CT. In patients who progress on conventional-dose salvage CT, HDCT should be considered. Treatment of these patients at experienced centers is strongly recommended. CONCLUSIONS It has been demonstrated that HDCT cures selected GCC patients who experience disease progression on conventional rescue regimens. The panel recommends the inclusion of GCC patients in randomized clinical trials including HDCT. PATIENT SUMMARY This consensus establishes clinical practice guidelines for the use and study of high-dose chemotherapy in patients with germ cell cancer.
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Lee LK, Monuteaux MC, Hudgins JD, Porter JJ, Lipsett SC, Bourgeois F, Cilento BG, Neuman MI. Variation in the evaluation of testicular conditions across United States pediatric emergency departments. Am J Emerg Med 2017; 36:208-212. [PMID: 28774767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the variation in diagnostic testing and management for males diagnosed with three testicular conditions (testicular torsion, appendix testis torsion, epididymitis/orchitis) using a large pediatric health care database. Diagnostic testing is frequently used in evaluation of the acute scrotum; however, there is likely variability in the use of these tests in the emergency department setting. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of males with the diagnoses of testicular torsion, appendix testis torsion, and epididymitis/orchitis. We identified emergency department patients in the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) database from 2010 to 2015 using diagnostic and procedure codes from the International Classification of Diseases Codes 9 and 10. Frequencies of diagnoses by demographic characteristics and of procedures and diagnostic testing (ultrasound, urinalysis, urine culture and sexually transmitted infection testing) by age group were calculated. We analyzed testing trends over time. RESULTS We identified 17,000 males with the diagnoses of testicular torsion (21.7%), appendix testis torsion (17.9%), and epididymitis/orchitis (60.3%) from 2010 to 2015. There was substantial variation among hospitals in all categories of testing for each of the diagnoses. Overall, ultrasound utilization ranged from 33.1-100% and urinalysis testing ranged from 17.0-84.9% for all conditions. Only urine culture testing decreased over time for all three diagnoses (40.6% in 2010 to 31.5 in 2015). CONCLUSIONS There was wide variation in the use of diagnostic testing across pediatric hospitals for males with common testicular conditions. Development of evaluation guidelines for the acute scrotum could decrease variation in testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois K Lee
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Michael C Monuteaux
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joel D Hudgins
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John J Porter
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Susan C Lipsett
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Florence Bourgeois
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bartley G Cilento
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark I Neuman
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Wong AS, Chong KT, Thamboo TP. Chemosensitivity of Immature Teratoma in a Man. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28645483 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin S Wong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Kian-Tai Chong
- Department of Urology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Thomas P Thamboo
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore
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37
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An JY, Kim D, Tanakchi S, Semerjian AM, Thomas A, Boyle SL, Hassan R, Metwalli AR. Clinical Features and Outcomes of Tunica Vaginalis Mesothelioma: A Case Series From the National Institutes of Health. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 15:e871-e875. [PMID: 28606736 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y An
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - David Kim
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Sally Tanakchi
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alice M Semerjian
- Department of Urology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Anish Thomas
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shawna L Boyle
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Adam R Metwalli
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD
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38
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Ho JC, Dabaja BS, Milgrom SA, Smith GL, Reddy JP, Mazloom A, Young KH, Deng L, Medeiros LJ, Dong W, Allen PK, Andraos TY, Fowler NH, Nastoupil LJ, Oki Y, Fayad LE, Turturro F, Neelapu SS, Westin J, Hagemeister FB, Rodriguez MA, Pinnix CC. Radiation therapy improves survival in patients with testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma<sup/>. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:2833-2844. [PMID: 28482717 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1312381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In 120 Stage I-IV testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated from 1964 to 2015, we assessed the benefits of prophylactic contralateral testicular radiation (RT) and prophylactic central nervous system (CNS) therapy on overall, progression free, testicular relapse free, and CNS relapse free survival (OS, PFS, TRFS, and CRFS, respectively). Seventy percent of patients received RT, 53% received anthracyclines and rituximab (modern therapy), and 61% received CNS prophylaxis. On univariate analysis RT was associated with improved TRFS, PFS, and trended toward improved OS. On multivariate analysis (MVA), RT was significantly associated with improved OS and PFS; the PFS benefit persisted among patients receiving modern therapy. CNS prophylaxis was associated with improved OS, PFS, and TRFS, but not CRFS on univariate analysis, and was not significant on MVA. RT is associated with improved survival, and should be considered for all testicular DLBCL patients, but additional strategies are needed to prevent CNS relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Ho
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Bouthaina S Dabaja
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Sarah A Milgrom
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Grace L Smith
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Jay P Reddy
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Ali Mazloom
- b Tacoma Valley Radiation Oncology , Tacoma , WA , USA
| | - Ken H Young
- c Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Lijuan Deng
- c Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- c Department of Hematopathology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Wenli Dong
- d Department of Biostatistics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Pamela K Allen
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Therese Y Andraos
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Nathan H Fowler
- e Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Loretta J Nastoupil
- e Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Yasuhiro Oki
- e Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Luis E Fayad
- e Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Francesco Turturro
- e Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- e Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Jason Westin
- e Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Fredrick B Hagemeister
- e Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Maria Alma Rodriguez
- e Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Chelsea C Pinnix
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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39
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Albisinni S, Biaou I, Aoun F, Diamand R, Limani K, Peltier A, van Velthoven R, Hawaux E. A Hard Ball for a Tennis Player: A Rare Case of Large Calcifying Sertoli Cell Testicular Tumor. Urol Case Rep 2017; 13:55-7. [PMID: 28480167 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A 46 year old tennis player was addressed to our clinic after incidental finding of right testicular calcification on plain x-ray of the spine. Urologic consultation revealed a hard non-tender testicular mass which required inguinal orchiectomy. Final histology revealed large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor: we herein present the case and review current physiopathology of such rare testicular disease.
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40
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Verheyen G, Popovic-Todorovic B, Tournaye H. Processing and selection of surgically-retrieved sperm for ICSI: a review. Basic Clin Androl 2017; 27:6. [PMID: 28331619 PMCID: PMC5360083 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-017-0050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the technique of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been a revolution in the alleviation of male infertility, the use of testicular sperm for ICSI was a formerly unseen breakthrough in the treatment of the azoospermic man with primary testicular failure. At the clinical level, different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval (conventional TESE, micro-TESE, FNA/TESA, MESA, PESA) are being performed, the choice is mainly based on the cause of azoospermia (obstructive versus non-obstructive) and the surgeon's skills. At the level of the IVF laboratory, mechanical procedures to harvest the sperm from the tissue may be combined with enzymatic treatment in order to increase the sperm recovery rates. A number of techniques have been developed for viable sperm selection in males with only immotile testicular sperm available. However, large, well-designed studies on the benefit and safety of one over the other technique are lacking. Despite all the available methods and combinations of laboratory procedures which have a common goal to maximize sperm recovery from testicular samples, a large proportion of NOA patients fail to father a genetically own child. Advanced technology application may improve recovery rates by detection of the testicular foci with active spermatogenesis and/or identification of the rare individual sperm in the testicular suspensions. On the other hand, in vitro spermatogenesis or sperm production from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells might be future options. The present review summarizes the available strategies which aim to maximize sperm recovery from surgically retrieved samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Verheyen
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Herman Tournaye
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Souhail R, Amine S, Nadia A, Tarik K, Khalid EK, Abdellatif K, Ahmed IA. Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome or testicular feminization: review of literature based on a case report. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 25:199. [PMID: 28270903 PMCID: PMC5326263 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.199.10758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular feminization, or the androgen insensitivity syndrome, is a rare disease. Because of various abnormalities of the X chromosome, a male, genetically XY, has some physical characteristics of a woman or a full female phenotype. Indeed the androgen insensitivity syndrome occurs because of a resistance to the actions of the androgen hormones, which in turn switches the development towards the aspect of a woman. We report a case of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome in a 30 years old woman who presented primary amenorrhea. We aim to improve our knowledge of this illness from the data that provides us this study, and a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regragui Souhail
- Department of Urology B, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Slaoui Amine
- Department of Urology B, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abounouh Nadia
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, Maternity ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karmouni Tarik
- Department of Urology B, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - El Khader Khalid
- Department of Urology B, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Ibn Attya Ahmed
- Department of Urology B, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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42
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Mweempwa A, Tan A, Dray M. Recurrent Merkel cell carcinoma of the testis with unknown primary site: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2016; 10:314. [PMID: 27814751 PMCID: PMC5097413 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-016-1102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor that commonly arises in the skin. It is rare for it to occur in the testes. There are only seven cases of testicular Merkel cell carcinoma reported in the literature. Case presentation A 66-year-old Maori man presented to our hospital with left testicular swelling. His alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin levels were within normal limits. His lactate dehydrogenase concentration was elevated to 267 U/L. Ultrasound imaging confirmed a large testicular mass, and he underwent left orchiectomy. His histological examination revealed a neuroendocrine tumor with an immunostaining pattern suggesting Merkel cell carcinoma. He presented to our hospital again 3 months later with right testicular swelling that was confirmed on ultrasound sonography to be a tumor. He underwent a right orchiectomy, and his histological examination revealed metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. A primary lesion was not identified, and computed tomographic imaging did not reveal spread to other organs. He received six cycles of adjuvant carboplatin and etoposide chemotherapy and remained disease-free 18 months after completion of chemotherapy. Conclusions Given the paucity of studies, standard adjuvant treatment for testicular Merkel cell carcinoma remains uncertain, although platinum-based chemotherapy seems to be an appropriate option. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13256-016-1102-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mweempwa
- Medical Oncology, Waikato Hospital, Selwyn Street and Pembroke Street, Hamilton, 3204, New Zealand.
| | - Alvin Tan
- Medical Oncology, Waikato Hospital, Selwyn Street and Pembroke Street, Hamilton, 3204, New Zealand
| | - Michael Dray
- Histology Department, Waikato Hospital, Selwyn Street and Pembroke Street, Hamilton, 3204, New Zealand
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43
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Daimiel Naranjo I, Alcalá-Galiano Rubio A. Inguinoscrotal Pathology on Computed Tomography: An Alternative Perspective. Can Assoc Radiol J 2016; 67:225-33. [PMID: 27221696 DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is not the imaging technique of choice to assess inguinoscrotal pathology, as magnetic resonance or ultrasonography have superior soft tissue contrast resolution and do not involve gonadal exposure to ionizing radiation. However, testicular and inguinoscrotal pathology may be found both as an extension of intra-abdominal processes or incidentally on CT scans requested for other reasons. CT also plays a role in the evaluation of testicular injury when associated to pelvic trauma and in perineal infections with scrotal extension. A pictorial review of testicular and inguinoscrotal involvement in vascular, neoplastic, traumatic, infectious, or inflammatory diseases and in complications of abdominal surgeries is presented. Additionally, the CT appearance of several congenital anomalies and benign processes is depicted.
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44
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Kubiak M, Klein J, de Perrot T, Tille JC, Iselin CE. Testicular Metastasis of a Upper Urinary Tract High-grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma, 2 Years After Nephroureterectomy. Urol Case Rep 2016; 4:25-6. [PMID: 26793571 PMCID: PMC4719909 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinomas are the fourth most common tumors in men. Upper tract urinary carcinomas (UTUCs) are uncommon and represent only 5–10% of urothelial carcinomas.1 Metastatic testicular cancers are rare and primary tumor sources are the prostate, lung, and gastrointestinal tract. We report the first case of testicular metastasis 2 years after initial curative surgery for a high-grade UTUC, all other reported cases weren't proceed by curative surgery.3
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kubiak
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Klein
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T de Perrot
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J C Tille
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C E Iselin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
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45
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Abstract
External genital trauma is uncommon. However when it occurs, it can cause long-term physical, psychological, and functional quality-of-life sequelae. Rapid and proper treatment can help preserve cosmesis and function. Therefore, the treating physician must have a high index of suspicion when evaluating genital injuries. This article reviews the proper initial assessment of the injury as well as the immediate and delayed operative management of genital trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Chang
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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