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Vargas-Terminel ML, Flores-Rentería D, Sánchez-Mejía ZM, Rojas-Robles NE, Sandoval-Aguilar M, Chávez-Vergara B, Robles-Morua A, Garatuza-Payan J, Yépez EA. Chronological dataset of soil respiration fluxes from a seasonally dry forest in Northwest México. Data Brief 2023; 51:109716. [PMID: 37965612 PMCID: PMC10641133 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil respiration (CO2 emission to the atmosphere from soils) is an important component of the global carbon cycle. In highly seasonal ecosystems the magnitudes and the underlying mechanisms that control soil respiration (RS) are still poorly understood and measurements are underrepresented in the global flux community. In this dataset, systematic and monthly measurements of RS were conducted with an infrared gas analyzer coupled to a static chamber during 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2019 in a tropical dry forest with a land use history from Northwestern México. These data is useful to assess the intra-annual and seasonal variations of RS at a highly seasonal dry forests and serves as a base line to benchmark soil carbon models in regional and global contexts. The data presented supports the research manuscript: "Soil respiration is influenced by seasonality, forest succession and contrasting biophysical controls in a tropical dry forest in Northwestern Mexico" from Vargas-Terminel et al. [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L. Vargas-Terminel
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora 85000, México
| | - Dulce Flores-Rentería
- Departamento de Sustentabilidad de los Recursos Naturales y Energía, CONACYT-Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Saltillo, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila 25900, México
| | - Zulia M. Sánchez-Mejía
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora 85000, México
| | - Nidia E. Rojas-Robles
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora 85000, México
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Maritza Sandoval-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora 85000, México
| | - Bruno Chávez-Vergara
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Agustín Robles-Morua
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora 85000, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía, Sede Regional Sur de Sonora, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora 85000, México
| | - Jaime Garatuza-Payan
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora 85000, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía, Sede Regional Sur de Sonora, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora 85000, México
| | - Enrico A. Yépez
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora 85000, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía, Sede Regional Sur de Sonora, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora 85000, México
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Díaz-Álvarez EA, Manrique C, Boege K, del-Val E. Changes in Coleopteran assemblages over a successional chronosequence in a Mexican tropical dry forest. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15712. [PMID: 37456898 PMCID: PMC10349555 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coleopterans are the most diverse animal group on Earth and constitute good indicators of environmental change. However, little information is available about Coleopteran communities' responses to disturbance and land-use change. Tropical dry forests have undergone especially extensive anthropogenic impacts in the past decades. This has led to mosaic landscapes consisting of areas of primary forest surrounded by pastures, agricultural fields and secondary forests, which negatively impacts many taxonomic groups. However, such impacts have not been assessed for most arthropod groups. In this work, we compared the abundance, richness and diversity of Coleopteran morphospecies in four different successional stages in a tropical dry forest in western Mexico, to answer the question: How do Coleopteran assemblages associate with vegetation change over the course of forest succession? In addition, we assessed the family composition and trophic guilds for the four successional stages. We found 971 Coleopterans belonging to 107 morphospecies distributed in 28 families. Coleopteran abundance and richness were greatest for pastures than for latter successional stages, and the most abundant family was Chrysomelidae, with 29% of the individuals. Herbivores were the most abundant guild, accounting for 57% of the individuals, followed by predators (22%) and saprophages (21%) beetles. Given the high diversity and richness found throughout the successional chronosequence of the studied tropical dry forest, in order to have the maximum number of species associated with tropical dry forests, large tracts of forest should be preserved so that successional dynamics are able to occur naturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison A. Díaz-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Cesar Manrique
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Karina Boege
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ek del-Val
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
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Gómez-Zurita J, Maes JM. New Genera and Species Records of Nicaraguan Eumolpinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Including a New Species in a New Generic Record for Central America. Neotrop Entomol 2022; 51:705-721. [PMID: 35984567 PMCID: PMC9546993 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have examined a large sample of Eumolpinae leaf beetles from Nicaragua and found 18 species reported for the first time in this country, including the new species Caryonoda funebris n. sp., which also represents a new genus record for Central America, and two genera of Typophorini not reported from Nicaragua so far: Paria LeConte, 1858 and Tijucana Bechyné, 1957. Apart from the description of the new species and taxonomic commentaries on each of the new country records, we also illustrate these species along with drawings of male genitalia and spermathecae when available to assist the interpretation of our taxonomic decisions in the future. We take the opportunity in this work to formalize the combination of Chrysodina cupriceps Lefèvre, 1877 as Chrysodinopsis cupriceps (Lefèvre) n. comb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gómez-Zurita
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Solano-Arguedas AF, Boothman C, Newsome L, Pattrick RAD, Arguedas-Quesada D, Robinson CH, Lloyd JR. Geochemistry and microbiology of tropical serpentine soils in the Santa Elena Ophiolite, a landscape-biogeographical approach. Geochem Trans 2022; 23:2. [PMID: 36167930 PMCID: PMC9516835 DOI: 10.1186/s12932-022-00079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Santa Elena Ophiolite is a well-studied ultramafic system in Costa Rica mainly comprised of peridotites. Here, tropical climatic conditions promote active laterite formation processes, but the biogeochemistry of the resulting serpentine soils is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil geochemical composition and microbial community of contrasting landscapes in the area, as the foundation to start exploring the biogeochemistry of metals occurring there. The soils were confirmed as Ni-rich serpentine soils but differed depending on their geographical location within the ophiolite area, showing three serpentine soil types. Weathering processes resulted in mountain soils rich in trace metals such as cobalt, manganese and nickel. The lowlands showed geochemical variations despite sharing similar landscapes: the inner ophiolite lowland soils were more like the surrounding mountain soils rather than the north lowland soils at the border of the ophiolite area, and within the same riparian basin, concentrations of trace metals were higher downstream towards the mangrove area. Microbial community composition reflected the differences in geochemical composition of soils and revealed potential geomicrobiological inputs to local metal biogeochemistry: iron redox cycling bacteria were more abundant in the mountain soils, while more manganese-oxidizing bacteria were found in the lowlands, with the highest relative abundance in the mangrove areas. The fundamental ecological associations recorded in the serpentine soils of the Santa Elena Peninsula, and its potential as a serpentinization endemism hotspot, demonstrate that is a model site to study the biogeochemistry, geomicrobiology and ecology of tropical serpentine areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín F Solano-Arguedas
- Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Forest Resources Unit (Reforesta), Engineering Research Institute (INII) and School of Chemistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, San José, 11501-2260, Costa Rica.
| | - Christopher Boothman
- Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Laura Newsome
- Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Camborne School of Mines and Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Richard A D Pattrick
- Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Daniel Arguedas-Quesada
- Sociedad Civil Pro Ambiente Verdiazul CR, Playa Junquillal de Santa Cruz, Guanacaste, 50303, Costa Rica
| | - Clare H Robinson
- Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jonathan R Lloyd
- Williamson Research Centre, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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de Oca-Aguilar ACM, Rebollar-Téllez EA, Sosa-Bibiano EI, López-Avila KB, Torres-Castro JR, Loría-Cervera EN. Effect of land use change on the phlebotomine sand fly assemblages in an emergent focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Yucatan, Mexico. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106628. [PMID: 35952923 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
As land use intensifies in tropical forests, it is expected that species assemblages will be modified and that key functions of these ecosystems will be affected. The latter scenario is important from a public health perspective, because the land use change has been linked the outbreaks of vector-borne diseases. In this study, we evaluated the response of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) assemblages and their pattern of co-occurrence in four sites with different land use in an emerging cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in Yucatan, Mexico. Our hypothesis is that the conservation status (as forest cover) will positively influence the structure and composition of sand flies' assemblages. Using three different traps over a period of five months, a sampling effort of 1, 440 night-traps was performed. A total of 7, 897 sand fly specimens belonging to six genera and 10 species were collected. Our hypothesis was partially achieved since sand fly diversity increased as forest cover increased and vice versa, however random patterns of co-occurrence in assemblages were detected among sites. Even though the high abundance of sand flies in the forest fragment suggests an amplification effect, our results show that different vector species directly dominate in each site. We discuss the potential implications of the nestedness of species dominance. We suggest that in this emerging focus and under the land use gradient, Lutzomyia cruciata and Psathyromyia cratifer could play a pivotal role in maintaining the transmission cycles of Leishmania. The apparent generalist or colonialist profile of Lu. cruciata in disturbed areas deserves attention, due to the potential risk of leishmaniasis "domiciliation". This information is essential to understand the eco-epidemiology of leishmaniasis and the factors associated with its emergence in Yucatan, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Montes de Oca-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - E A Rebollar-Téllez
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - E I Sosa-Bibiano
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - K B López-Avila
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J R Torres-Castro
- Dirección de Prevención y Protección de la Salud de los Servicios de Salud del Estado de Yucatán, Mexico
| | - E N Loría-Cervera
- Laboratorio de inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico
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Vizuete-Jaramillo E, Grahmann K, Mora Palomino L, Méndez-Barroso L, Robles-Morua A. Using ion-exchange resins to monitor nitrate fluxes in remote semiarid stream beds. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:376. [PMID: 35437732 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring in remote areas can represent a real challenge in environmental studies. Numerous techniques have been developed over the last decades to monitor nutrients and other elements in different systems. However, not all of them are suitable for field applications, particularly when the locations are difficult to access or its accessibility depends on seasonal climate conditions. This study was aimed to test the applicability and efficiency of resin samplers and resin bags to monitor nitrates fluxes (NO3-N) in two small semi-arid catchments in Northwestern Mexico. Resin samplers were installed in the hyporheic zone below the river bed in order to monitor the vertical fluxes of NO3-N and remained there for 5 months (during the summer rains). Resin bags were anchored in rock outcrops upstream of the resin samplers before the onset of the summer rainfall season and replaced every 2 weeks during 4 months to capture pulses of NO3-N in ephemeral streams. NO3-N pulses in the stream are a potential source of NO3-N that can infiltrate into the soil. Results of the resin samplers found a difference of up to 12 kg ha-1 season-1 between the two catchments. The resin bags showed a higher accumulation of NO3-N in the catchment with lower vegetation cover (160.3 mg L-1 season-1) compared to the one with higher vegetation (67.8 mg L-1 season-1). Measured nitrate fluxes at both sites responded to rainfall pulses recorded during the monitoring period. Resin samplers and resin bags can be used together, to assess nutrient fluxes on the surface and in the soil and can be tested in any type of ecosystem. In this particular case, these methods demonstrated an efficient way of determining spatio-temporal nitrate fluxes in semi-arid ecosystems in remote areas that are difficult to access, monitor, and collect data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrain Vizuete-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua Y del Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON), Cd. Obregón, México
| | - Kathrin Grahmann
- Working Group "Resource-Efficient Cropping Systems", Research Area 2 "Landuse and Goverance", Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Lucy Mora Palomino
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales Y del Suelo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F., México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica Y Mineralogía (LANGEM), México, D.F., México
| | - Luis Méndez-Barroso
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua Y del Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON), Cd. Obregón, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (LANSREC), Sisal, Yucatán, México
| | - Agustín Robles-Morua
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua Y del Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON), Cd. Obregón, México.
- Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica Y Mineralogía (LANGEM), México, D.F., México.
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Silva JPCD, Gonçalves PH, Albuquerque UP, Silva RRVD, Medeiros PMD. Can medicinal use protect plant species from wood uses? Evidence from Northeastern Brazil. J Environ Manage 2021; 279:111800. [PMID: 33340962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several ethnobotanical studies have attempted to understand the criteria for the differential use of plant resources. However, we need more effort to understand the interaction between local uses: how using a species for a given purpose may affect its use for another purpose. Thus, we hypothesize that high importance species in a more specialized category of use may have their use reduced for other categories with a more generalist nature. We have conducted the study in three rural communities in northeastern Brazil, set in seasonally dry tropical forest areas. We applied the free-list technique to identify woody species used for medicinal and/or wood purposes (fuelwood, construction and technology). Respondents rated the species according to their efficiency for wood purposes and their local availability. We performed a multiple regression to assess the effects of medicinal popularity, perceived availability, and perceived efficiency for wood uses over the species popularity for wood uses. Our results showed that medicinal use has a significant protective effect against wood uses. Perceived availability and efficiency were significant explanatory variables for wood use. Maintaining the medicinal importance of certain species can be a powerful tool in protecting their populations against more harmful uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssika Priscila Costa da Silva
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Social Ecological Systems (LEA), Botany Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratory of Biocultural Ecology, Conservation and Evolution (LECEB), Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Social Ecological Systems (LEA), Botany Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Social Ecological Systems (LEA), Botany Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ricardo Vasconcelos da Silva
- Laboratory of Biocultural Ecology, Conservation and Evolution (LECEB), Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Biocultural Ecology, Conservation and Evolution (LECEB), Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil.
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Iñiguez-Armijos C, Sánchez J, Villareal M, Aguilar S, Rosado D. Effects of bathing intensity, rainfall events, and location on the recreational water quality of stream pools in southern Ecuador. Chemosphere 2020; 243:125442. [PMID: 31995889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bathing in natural waters is a highly demanded recreational activity in tropical countries because of climatic conditions and availability of bathing sites; but, do users know the water quality of these sites? We determined the physicochemical and microbiological water quality of a highly used bathing site in southern Ecuador. We assessed how bather attendance, rainfall events, and pool location alters the recreational water quality (RWQ). Most of the parameters measured in the stream pools did not accomplish the Ecuadorian and international regulations for recreational water quality. Microbiological water quality diminishes from upstream to downstream pools because of human activities and bathing intensity having potential effects on bather health and eco-touristic development. We found that an increase of bathers is strongly associated with a growing concentration of Escherichia coli. It is suggested better land-use practices and review thoroughly the Ecuadorian regulation to assure a healthy RWQ. Further efforts are needed to identify more risky bathing sites, determine pollution sources, and establish a long-term monitoring program to support the touristic development in countries looking for diversifying their economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Iñiguez-Armijos
- EcoSs Lab - Laboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Servicios Ecosistémicos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 1101608, Loja, Ecuador.
| | - Julissa Sánchez
- Titulación de Ingeniero en Gestión Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 1101608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Marielena Villareal
- Titulación de Ingeniero en Gestión Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 1101608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Silvio Aguilar
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 1101608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Rosado
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto s/n, 1101608, Loja, Ecuador.
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Magalhães SF, Calvo-Rodriguez S, do Espírito Santo MM, Sánchez Azofeifa GA. Determining the K coefficient to leaf area index estimations in a tropical dry forest. Int J Biometeorol 2018; 62:1187-1197. [PMID: 29546488 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation indices are useful tools to remotely estimate several important parameters related to ecosystem functioning. However, improving and validating estimations for a wide range of vegetation types are necessary. In this study, we provide a methodology for the estimation of the leaf area index (LAI) in a tropical dry forest (TDF) using the light diffusion through the canopy as a function of the successional stage. For this purpose, we estimated the K coefficient, a parameter that relates the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to LAI, based on photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and solar radiation. The study was conducted in the Mata Seca State Park, in southeastern Brazil, from 2012 to 2013. We defined four successional stages (very early, early, intermediate, and late) and established one optical phenology tower at one plot of 20 × 20 m per stage. Towers measured the incoming and reflected solar radiation and PAR for NDVI calculation. For each plot, we established 24 points for LAI sampling through hemispherical photographs. Because leaf cover is highly seasonal in TDFs, we determined ΔK (leaf growth phase) and Kmax (leaf maturity phase). We detected a strong correlation between NDVI and LAI, which is necessary for a reliable determination of the K coefficient. Both NDVI and LAI varied significantly between successional stages, indicating sensitivity to structural changes in forest regeneration. Furthermore, the K values differed between successional stages and correlated significantly with other environmental variables such as air temperature and humidity, fraction of absorbed PAR, and soil moisture. Thus, we established a model based on spectral properties of the vegetation coupled with biophysical characteristics in a TDF that makes possible to estimate LAI from NDVI values. The application of the K coefficient can improve remote estimations of forest primary productivity and gases and energy exchanges between vegetation and atmosphere. This model can be applied to distinguish different successional stages of TDFs, supporting environmental monitoring and conservation policies towards this biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Freitas Magalhães
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia Florestal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, AM, CP 69553-115, Brazil.
| | - Sofia Calvo-Rodriguez
- Center for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | | | - Gerardo Arturo Sánchez Azofeifa
- Center for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
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Sousa-Souto L, Bocchiglieri A, Dias DDM, Ferreira AS, Filho JPDL. Changes in leaf chlorophyll content associated with flowering and its role in the diversity of phytophagous insects in a tree species from a semiarid Caatinga. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5059. [PMID: 30042875 PMCID: PMC6055590 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophagous insects choose their feeding resources according to their own requirements, but their feeding preferences in the semiarid Caatinga have rarely been studied. Flowering trees leads to a greater diversity of flower visitors and their predators in the host plant, but little is known about why the diversity of phytophagous insects not associated with flowers is also increased. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diversity of sap-sucking, wood-boring and leaf-chewing insects associated with leaf chlorophyll content in flowering and non-flowering plants of Poincianella pyramidalis, an endemic tree of Caatinga. We used a leaf chlorophyll index (LCI) as a surrogate for resource quality, and an entomological umbrella to collect phytophagous insects. We show that trees which bloomed demonstrated higher chlorophyll content, greater abundance and a significant difference in the composition of phytophagous insect species when compared to non-flowering trees (p < 0.05). The results suggest that not only the presence of flowers themselves, but also the higher nutritional quality of leaf tissue, can explain the differences in species diversity and abundance of phytophagous insects. Exceptional flowering trees in the Caatinga area studied may thus act as spots of high quality resources, favouring changes in the diversity of insects in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Sousa-Souto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bocchiglieri
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Douglas de M Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - José P de L Filho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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11
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Calderón-Cortés N, Escalera-Vázquez LH, Oyama K. Occurrence of termites (Isoptera) on living and standing dead trees in a tropical dry forest in Mexico. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4731. [PMID: 29785342 PMCID: PMC5960270 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Termites play a key role as ecosystem engineers in numerous ecological processes though their role in the dynamics of wood degradation in tropical dry forests, particularly at the level of the crown canopy, has been little studied. In this study, we analysed the occurrence of termites in the forest canopy by evaluating the density and proportion of living and standing dead trees associated with termites in deciduous and riparian habitats of the tropical dry forest in Chamela, Mexico. The results indicated that 60-98% of standing dead trees and 23-59% of living trees in Chamela were associated with termites. In particular, we found that the density of standing dead trees was higher in deciduous forests (0.057-0.066 trees/m2) than in riparian forests (0.022 and 0.027 trees/m2), even though the proportion of trees was not significantly different among habitats. Additionally, we found a higher density of trees associated with termites in trees of smaller size classes (0.01-0.09 trees/m2) than in larger class sizes (0-0.02 trees/m2). Interestingly, 72% of variation in the density of trees associated with termites is explained by the density of standing dead trees. Overall, these results indicate that standing dead tree availability might be the main factor regulating termite populations in Chamela forest and suggest that termites could play a key role in the decomposition of above-ground dead wood, mediating the incorporation of suspended and standing dead wood into the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Calderón-Cortés
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Luis H Escalera-Vázquez
- CONACyT, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Ken Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Rosero-Toro JH, Romero-Duque LP, Santos-Fita D, Ruan-Soto F. Cultural significance of the flora of a tropical dry forest in the Doche vereda (Villavieja, Huila, Colombia). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2018; 14:22. [PMID: 29566709 PMCID: PMC5865281 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-018-0220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Colombia, ethnobotanical studies regarding plant cultural significance (CS) in tropical dry forests are scarce and mainly focused on the Caribbean region. Different authors have indicated that the plants with the most uses are those of greater cultural importance. Additionally, gender differences in knowledge and interest in natural resources has been widely recorded. This study evaluated the cultural significance of plants in the Doche community, in the Department of Huila. Furthermore, it evaluates the richness of plant knowledge among local inhabitants, looking for testing the hypothesis that the CS of plants positively correlates to the number of uses people inform about, and that there are significant differences on the richness of ethnobotanical knowledge between men and women in this community. METHODS The ethnobotanical categories: "food," "condiment," "economy," "fodder," "firewood," "timber", "medicine," and "others" were established to carry out semi-structured interviews, social cartography, and ethnobotanical walks. The frequency of mention was calculated as a measure of CS. The richness of knowledge of each collaborator was obtained. Non-parametric tests were performed to determine whether differences between the numbers of mentioned species existed between genders and ethnobotanical categories. Finally, Pearson correlation tests determined the relationship between CS and the number of ethnobotanical categories. RESULTS A hundred useful species were registered in crops and forests. The most abundant categories were medicinal (45 species), firewood (30), and fodder (28). The most culturally significant species according to frequency of mention were Pseudosamanea guachapele, Guazuma ulmifolia, Manihot esculenta, and Musa balbisiana. The species with the most registered uses (five) were Guazuma ulmifolia and Gliricidia sepium. We found a correlation between CS and the number of uses per ethnobotanical category, but no significant difference between genders regarding ethnobotanical knowledge. CONCLUSION Frequency of mention provides relevant information about the CS of species. Furthermore, it aids to establish sustainable use of tropical dry forests without loss of resources parting from strategies designed from within the Doche community and based on their ethnobotanical knowledge. We found that the number of uses of a plant is correlated with its degree of cultural importance. On the other hand, no significant differences were found between genders regarding ethnobotanical knowledge; that is, both men and women have similar roles in the community, which allows them to recognize the same uses per species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dídac Santos-Fita
- Asociación Etnobiológica Mexicana A.C., Calle Profesor Felipe W. Mijangos, Colonia 12 de Junio, E-29243 San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas Mexico
| | - Felipe Ruan-Soto
- Centro de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias sobre Chiapas y la Frontera Sur, UNAM, Calle María Adelina Flores 34-A, Barrio Guadalupe, CP 29230 San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas Mexico
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Marteis LS, Natal D, Sallum MAM, Medeiros-Sousa AR, Corte RL. Mosquitoes of the Caatinga: 2. Species from periodic sampling of bromeliads and tree holes in a dry Brazilian forest. Acta Trop 2017; 171:114-123. [PMID: 28363515 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Caatinga is a dry tropical forest, located in the Brazilian semiarid region and rich in phytotelmata. This study investigated the culicid fauna of phytotelmata of the caatinga by sampling for 19 consecutive months aquatic immatures from tree holes and bromeliads. A total of 127L of water was taken from the plants, containing 6764 immature culicids of 16 species, of which 11 (69%) are undescribed and respond to 90% of the total abundance of the specimens collected. Epiphytic bromeliads harbor a large number of immature Culicidae, although terrestrial bromeliads are the most abundant and widely distributed in the region. The richness of culicid species was similar between terrestrial and epiphytic bromeliads and lower in habitats represented by tree hole phytotelmata. There was no similarity in the composition of culicid species that developed in bromeliads or tree holes. Temperature and humidity were the environmental parameters most strongly associated with the proportion of positive plants. The Caatinga has a great number of endemic species that remain unknown to science and many additional culicid species may await discovery from there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Silva Marteis
- Colegiado de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Centro, 56304-917, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
| | - Delsio Natal
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Anice Mureb Sallum
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Ralph Medeiros-Sousa
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli La Corte
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, S/N, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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Singh AK, Rai A, Pandey V, Singh N. Contribution of glomalin to dissolve organic carbon under different land uses and seasonality in dry tropics. J Environ Manage 2017; 192:142-149. [PMID: 28160641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glomalin related soil protein (GRSP) is a hydrophobic glycoprotein that is significant for soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence and sequestration, owing to its large contribution to SOC pool and long turnover time. However, the contribution of GRSP to dissolve OC (DOC) leach from soil is not yet comprehensively explored, though it could have implication in understanding SOC dynamics. We, therefore, aim to measure the contribution of GRSP to DOC, in a range of land uses and climatic seasons in the dry tropical ecosystem. Our results demonstrated that a significant proportion of GRSP (water soluble GRSP; WS-GRSP) leached with DOC (7.9-21.9 mg kg-1), which accounts for 0.2-0.23% of soils total GRSP (T-GRSP). Forest exhibited significantly higher WS-GRSP and DOC leaching than fallow and agriculture. WS-GRSP and DOC accumulations were higher in the dry season (summer and winter) than in rainy. The extent of seasonal variations was higher in forest than in other two land uses, indicating the role of vegetation and biological activity in soil dissolve organic matter (DOM) dynamics. The regression analysis among WS-GRSP, T-GRSP, DOC and SOC prove that the accumulations and leaching of GRSP and other soil OM (SOM) depend on similar factors. The ratio of WS-GRSP-C to DOC was higher in agriculture soil than in forest and fallow, likely a consequence of altered soil chemistry, and organic matter quantity and quality due to soil management practices. Multivariate analysis reflects a strong linkage among GRSP and SOC storage and leaching, soil nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and other important soil properties (pH and bulk density), suggesting that improving GRSP and other SOM status is an urgent need for the both SOC sequestration and soil health in dry tropical agro-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI) Campus, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | - Apurva Rai
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI) Campus, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Nandita Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI) Campus, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.
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Gandhi DS, Sundarapandian S. Large-scale carbon stock assessment of woody vegetation in tropical dry deciduous forest of Sathanur reserve forest, Eastern Ghats, India. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:187. [PMID: 28353204 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropical dry forests are one of the most widely distributed ecosystems in tropics, which remain neglected in research, especially in the Eastern Ghats. Therefore, the present study was aimed to quantify the carbon storage in woody vegetation (trees and lianas) on large scale (30, 1 ha plots) in the dry deciduous forest of Sathanur reserve forest of Eastern Ghats. Biomass of adult (≥10 cm DBH) trees was estimated by species-specific allometric equations using diameter and wood density of species whereas in juvenile tree population and lianas, their respective general allometric equations were used to estimate the biomass. The fractional value 0.4453 was used to convert dry biomass into carbon in woody vegetation of tropical dry forest. The mean aboveground biomass value of juvenile tree population was 1.86 Mg/ha. The aboveground biomass of adult trees ranged from 64.81 to 624.96 Mg/ha with a mean of 245.90 Mg/ha. The mean aboveground biomass value of lianas was 7.98 Mg/ha. The total biomass of woody vegetation (adult trees + juvenile population of trees + lianas) ranged from 85.02 to 723.46 Mg/ha, with a mean value of 295.04 Mg/ha. Total carbon accumulated in woody vegetation in tropical dry deciduous forest ranged from 37.86 to 322.16 Mg/ha with a mean value of 131.38 Mg/ha. Adult trees accumulated 94.81% of woody biomass carbon followed by lianas (3.99%) and juvenile population of trees (1.20%). Albizia amara has the greatest biomass and carbon stock (58.31%) among trees except for two plots (24 and 25) where Chloroxylon swietenia contributed more to biomass and carbon stock. Similarly, Albizia amara (52.4%) showed greater carbon storage in juvenile population of trees followed by Chloroxylon swietenia (21.9%). Pterolobium hexapetalum (38.86%) showed a greater accumulation of carbon in liana species followed by Combretum albidum (33.04%). Even though, all the study plots are located within 10 km radius, they show a significant spatial variation among them in terms of biomass and carbon stocks which could be attributed to variation in anthropogenic pressures among the plots as well as to changes in tree density across landscapes. Total basal area of woody vegetation showed a significant positive (R 2 = 0.978; P = 0.000) relationship with carbon storage while juvenile tree basal area showed the negative relationship (R 2 = 0.4804; P = 0.000) with woody carbon storage. The present study generates a large-scale baseline data of dry deciduous forest carbon stock, which would facilitate carbon stock assessment at a national level as well as to understand its contribution on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durai Sanjay Gandhi
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Somaiah Sundarapandian
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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Montes-Medina AC, Salinas-Melgoza A, Renton K. Contextual flexibility in the vocal repertoire of an Amazon parrot. Front Zool 2016; 13:40. [PMID: 27570534 PMCID: PMC5000441 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the role of avian vocal communication in social organisation requires knowledge of the vocal repertoire used to convey information. Parrots use acoustic signals in a variety of social contexts, but no studies have evaluated cross-functional use of acoustic signals by parrots, or whether these conform to signal design rules for different behavioural contexts. We statistically characterised the vocal repertoire of 61 free-living Lilac-crowned Amazons (Amazona finschi) in nine behavioural contexts (nesting, threat, alarm, foraging, perched, take-off, flight, landing, and food soliciting). We aimed to determine whether parrots demonstrated contextual flexibility in their vocal repertoire, and whether these acoustic signals follow design rules that could maximise communication. Results The Lilac-crowned Amazon had a diverse vocal repertoire of 101 note-types emitted at least twice, 58 of which were emitted ≥5 times. Threat and nesting contexts had the greatest variety and proportion of exclusive note-types, although the most common note-types were emitted in all behavioural contexts but with differing proportional contribution. Behavioural context significantly explained variation in acoustic features, where threat and nesting contexts had the highest mean frequencies and broad bandwidths, and alarm signals had a high emission rate of 3.6 notes/s. Three Principal Components explained 72.03 % of the variation in temporal and spectral characteristics of notes. Permutated Discriminant Function Analysis using these Principal Components demonstrated that 28 note-types (emitted by >1 individual) could be correctly classified and significantly discriminated from a random model. Conclusions Acoustic features of Lilac-crowned Amazon vocalisations in specific behavioural contexts conformed to signal design rules. Lilac-crowned Amazons modified the emission rate and proportional contribution of note-types used in each context, suggesting the use of graded and combinatorial variation to encode information. We propose that evaluation of vocal repertoires based on note-types would reflect the true extent of a species’ vocal flexibility, and the potential for combinatorial structures in parrot acoustic signals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0169-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Christian Montes-Medina
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Salinas-Melgoza
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán Mexico
| | - Katherine Renton
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 21, San Patricio-Melaque, Chamela, Jalisco CP 48980 Mexico
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Avalos G, Mulkey SS. Photosynthetic acclimation of the liana Stigmaphyllon lindenianum to light changes in a tropical dry forest canopy. Oecologia 1999; 120:475-84. [PMID: 28308296 DOI: 10.1007/s004420050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tropical plant canopies show abrupt changes in light conditions across small differences in spatial and temporal scales. Given the canopy light heterogeneity, plants in this stratum should express a high degree of plasticity, both in space (allocation to plant modules as a function of opportunity for resource access) and time (photosynthetic adjustment to temporal changes in the local environment). Using a construction crane for canopy access, we studied light acclimation of the liana Stigmaphyllon lindenianum to sun and shade environments in a tropical dry forest in Panama during the wet season. Measured branches were randomly distributed in one of four light sequences: high- to low-light branches started the experiment under sun and were transferred to shade during the second part of the experiment; low- to high-light branches (LH) were exposed to the opposite sequence of light treatments; and high-light and low-light controls , which were exposed only to sun and shade environments, respectively, throughout the experiment. Shade branches were set inside enclosures wrapped in 63% greenhouse shade cloth. After 2 months, we transferred experimental branches to opposite light conditions by relocating the enclosures. Leaf mortality was considerably higher under shade, both before and after the transfer. LH branches reversed the pattern of mortality by increasing new leaf production after the transfer. Rates of photosynthesis at light saturation, light compensation points, and dark respiration rates of transferred branches matched those of controls for the new light treatment, indicating rapid photochemical acclimation. The post-expansion acclimation of sun and shade foliage occurred with little modification of leaf structure. High photosynthetic plasticity was reflected in an almost immediate ability to respond to significant changes in light. This response did not depend on the initial light environment, but was determined by exposure to new light conditions. Stigmaphyllon responded rapidly to light changes through the functional adjustment of already expanded foliage and an increase in leaf production in places with high opportunity for carbon gain.
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Campo J, Jaramillo VJ, Maass JM. Pulses of soil phosphorus availability in a Mexican tropical dry forest: effects of seasonality and level of wetting. Oecologia 1998; 115:167-172. [PMID: 28308448 DOI: 10.1007/s004420050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intact cores from the upper soil profile and surface litter were collected at the peak of the dry season and during the rainy period in the tropical deciduous forest of the Chamela region, Jalisco, México, to (1) analyze upper soil phosphorus (P) movement and retention, (2) compare soil P dynamic pools (soluble, bicarbonate, and microbial) in dry and rainy seasons, and (3) determine the response of these P pools to wetting. Unperturbed litter-soil cores were treated in the laboratory with either 10 mm or 30 mm of simulated rain with carrier-free 32P and compared to a control (no water addition) to determine the fate and retention of added P. 31P concentrations and pools in most litter and soil fractions were higher in the dry than in the rainy season. Soluble P was 0.306 g/m2 and microbial P was 0.923 g/m2 in the dry season (litter plus soil) versus 0.041 (soluble) and 0.526 (microbial) g P/m2 in the rainy season. After water addition, rainy-season cores retained 99.9 and 94% of 32P in the 10- and 30-mm treatments, respectively. Dry-season samples retained 98.9 and 80% of inputs in the same treatments. Retention after wetting occurred mostly in soil (bicarbonate and microbial fractions). Simulated rainfall on rainy-season soils increased P immobilization. On the other hand, simulated rainfall on dry-season soils released P through mineralization. The P release represents between 46 and 99% of the annual litterfall return. Our results suggest that both soluble and microbial P constitute important sources for initiation of plant growth at the onset of the rainy season in tropical dry forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Campo
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Centro de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP, 70-275, D.F. 04510, México, , , ,
| | - Víator J Jaramillo
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Centro de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP, 70-275, D.F. 04510, México, , , ,
| | - J Manuel Maass
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Centro de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP, 70-275, D.F. 04510, México, , , ,
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Gryj EO, Domíguez CA. Fruit removal and postdispersal survivorship in the tropical dry forest shrub Erythroxylum havanense: ecological and evolutionary implications. Oecologia 1996; 108:368-374. [PMID: 28307851 DOI: 10.1007/bf00334663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/1995] [Accepted: 04/15/1996] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We studied the relationship between the removal rate and the spatiotemporal availability of ripe fruits of the tropical deciduous shrub Erythroxylum havanense in western Mexico. We also evaluated the effects of dispersal on seed survival during the first stages of establishment. Fast and early dispersal should be favored in E. havanense, since propagules have more time to grow and accumulate resources before the beginning of the severe dry season. In general, high rates of fruit removal imply faster and earlier dispersal. Thus, plants producing large crops should benefit from high removal rates, which will increase the probability of successful establishment by their progeny. To characterize both individual and population fruiting patterns, we made daily counts of fruits on 51 plants arranged in six clumps of different sizes. The daily number of fruits removed per plant was higher for plants with larger initial crop sizes and larger numbers of ripe fruits on a given day, but decreased as clump size increased. Additionally, we monitored postdispersal survival and germination in an experiment manipulating seed density, distance from adult plants, and seed predation. Early establishment was independent of density or distance, and vertebrate seed predation was the main agent of seed mortality. Our results indicate that the critical variable with respect to fruit removal is the number of fruits a plant produces, large plants having higher dispersal rates. Large plants are also more likely to have more seeds escaping postdispersal seed predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen O Gryj
- Centro de Ecología, U.N.A.M., Apartado Postal 70-275, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - César A Domíguez
- Centro de Ecología, U.N.A.M., Apartado Postal 70-275, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
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