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Baltacioğlu İH, Demirel G, Öztürk B, Aydin F, Özcan M. An evaluation of dental paste-like bulk-fill composite wear using intra-oral scanner. Dent Mater J 2024:2023-288. [PMID: 38692905 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the wear resistance of dental paste-like bulk-fill composites compared to conventional paste-like composite resins using an intraoral scanner and 3-D analyzing software. Six different dental composite materials, including five bulk-fill composites and one conventional composite, were tested alongside natural human enamel as a control group. A computer-controlled chewing simulator for wear testing. A one-way ANOVA test was used to identify any significant differences between the means of the tested dental composite materials α=0.05. The results showed variability among bulk-fill composites, with some demonstrating wear resistance similar to conventional composites (p<0.05). Human enamel displayed the lowest wear values, but some bulk-fill composites matched this resistance(p>0.05). Significant variability was observed among bulk-fill composites but the results were comparable to those of conventional composites. The enamel control group demonstrated the lowest wear values, with some bulk-fill composites showing similar wear resistance. This study provides valuable information about the wear resistance of contemporary bulk-fill composite materials, commonly used in current clinical practice, contributing to enhancing clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gülbike Demirel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University
| | - Burcu Öztürk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University
| | - Fulya Aydin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Medipol University
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
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Stawarczyk B, Meinen J, Wuersching SN. Two-body wear of novel monolithic lithium-silicate ceramic materials and their corresponding different antagonists. J Dent 2024; 144:104952. [PMID: 38508442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of the two-body wear of lithium-silicate ceramics against different antagonists compared to a direct resin composite and human teeth. METHODS Initial LiSi Block [LISI], IPS e.max CAD [EMA], and CEREC Tessera [TESE] were investigated and compared with direct resin composite [FILL] and human teeth [tooth]. As antagonists were used: steatite, ceramic, and human enamel. The control group tooth was only tested with enamel antagonist. The combinations underwent thermomechanical aging using a chewing simulator. Material losses were calculated using GOM-analysis software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis H, Mann-Whitney-U-test with Bonferroni correction and Spearman-rho correlation were calculated. A fractographic analysis was performed. RESULTS Within TESE, enamel antagonists led to lower restoration losses than steatite and ceramic antagonists. Within FILL, enamel and steatite antagonists caused lower material losses compared to ceramic antagonists. Against steatite antagonists, LISI showed lowest material losses. Against ceramic antagonists, the use of LISI led to lower material losses compared to FILL. Against tooth antagonists, TESE showed lower material losses than tooth and FILL and LISI lower than FILL. Within LISI, steatite antagonists showed lower material losses on the antagonist than ceramic. Within EMA, steatite antagonists showed higher material losses than ceramic ones. Within ceramic antagonists, LISI restoration material showed lower material losses than FILL and EMA. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the antagonist material, the material losses of LISI and EMA were comparable. However, the abrasion resistance of LISI tended to be higher than EMA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE LISI is a fully crystallized lithium-silicate ceramic and no longer needs to be processed after milling. In addition, the abrasion resistance is very good, regardless of the antagonist material chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - John Meinen
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Noreen Wuersching
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Simeon P, Unkovskiy A, Saadat Sarmadi B, Nicic R, Koch PJ, Beuer F, Schmidt F. Wear resistance and flexural properties of low force SLA- and DLP-printed splint materials in different printing orientations: An in vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106458. [PMID: 38364445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of material and printing orientation on wear resistance and flexural properties of one low force SLA- and two DLP-printed splint materials and to compare these 3D-printed splints to a subtractively manufactured splint material. METHODS Two DLP-printed (V-Print splint, LuxaPrint Ortho Plus) and one low force SLA-printed (Dental LT Clear) material, where specimens were printed in three printing orientations (0°, 45°, 90°), were investigated. In addition, one milled splint material (Zirlux Splint Transparent) was examined. A total of 160 specimens were produced for both test series. The two-body wear test was performed in a chewing simulator (80'000 cycles at 50 N with 5-55 °C thermocycling). Steatite balls were used as antagonists. The wear pattern was analyzed with a 3D digital microscope in terms of maximum vertical intrusion depth (mm) and total volume loss (mm³). The flexural properties were investigated by three-point bending in accordance with ISO 20795-1: 2013 (denture base polymers). The flexural strength (MPa) and the flexural modulus (MPa) were measured. Two-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the effects of the two independent variables material and printing orientation for the three 3D-printed materials. The comparison of the printing orientations within one material was carried out with one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey tests. RESULTS Two-way ANOVA revealed that wear and flexural properties are highly dependent on the 3D-printed material (p < 0.001). Across groups, a significant effect was observed for wear depth (p = 0.031) and wear volume (p = 0.044) with regard to printing orientation but this was not found for flexural strength (p = 0.080) and flexural modulus (p = 0.136). One-way ANOVA showed that both DLP-printed groups showed no significant differences within the printing orientations in terms of wear and flexural properties. Dental LT Clear showed that 90° oriented specimens had higher flexural strength than 0° oriented ones (p < 0.001) and 45° oriented specimens also showed higher values than 0° ones (p = 0.038). No significant differences were observed within the printing orientations for flexural modulus and wear behaviour within this group. T-tests showed that the milled splints exhibited statistically higher wear resistance and flexural properties compared to all three 3D-printed splint materials (p < 0.001) and that highly significant differences were found between the 3D-printed splint materials for both test series. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be stated that wear behaviour and flexural properties are highly dependent on the 3D-printed material itself. Currently, milled splints exhibit higher wear resistance and flexural properties compared to 3D-printed splint materials. The printing orientation has a minor influence on the properties investigated. Nevertheless, two-way ANOVA also showed a significant influence of printing orientation in the wear test across groups and one-way ANOVA detected significant effects for SLA material in terms of flexural strength, with printing in 90° showing the highest flexural strength. Therefore, anisotropy was found in SLA material, but it can be limited with the employed printing parameters. Both DLP-printed materials showed no significant difference within the printing orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Simeon
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexey Unkovskiy
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany; Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 19с1, Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | - Bardia Saadat Sarmadi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Nicic
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Julia Koch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Orthodontics and Orthofacial Orthopedics, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Beuer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Oral Health Sciences CC3, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
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Steiner R, Scott S, Wiesmüller V, Lepperdinger U, Steinmassl O, Schnabl D, Schwindling S. Effect of zirconia surface conditioning before glazing on the wear of opposing enamel: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:128. [PMID: 38294555 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the wear of natural teeth opposing 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) with different surface conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty 3Y-TZP specimens were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10), differing in surface condition. In three groups, the samples underwent glazing-with the glaze applied to roughened (i.e., 106-µm-grit diamond-finished), as-sintered, and polished zirconia. The three remaining groups consisted of unglazed specimens: solely polished samples and diamond-finished samples (106-µm-grit and 46-µm-grit) without further conditioning. Two-body wear was evaluated at extracted, non-carious molars (n = 60), which served as antagonists in chewing simulation (10,000 masticatory cycles, 49N load). As a control, natural teeth with intact enamel surfaces were tested against natural molars (n = 10). All samples were 3D-scanned before and after the chewing simulation (7 Series, Straumann). Volume loss was calculated (Inspect Software, GOM), and statistically analyzed (SPSS Statistics 24, IBM). RESULTS Volume loss of the natural antagonists decreased in the following order: 106-µm-grit diamond-finished zirconia (4.6 ± 2.5 mm3), glazed 106-µm-grit diamond-finished zirconia (3.8 ± 1.1 mm3), glazed as-sintered zirconia (3.5 ± 0.9 mm3), 46-µm-grit diamond-finished zirconia (1.7 ± 0.6 mm3), control (1.6 ± 0.7 mm3), glazed polished zirconia (1.4 ± 0.5 mm3), and solely polishing (0.4 ± 0.2 mm3). Even when polishing the surfaces before glazing, volume loss was not mitigated to the same extent as after polishing alone. CONCLUSIONS The zirconia surface condition beneath the glazing influences antagonist wear. Although polishing before glazing resulted in acceptable levels of antagonist wear, this approach did not yield as favorable results as polishing alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For operators favoring glazing, pre-polishing the zirconia surface could be advantageous to reduce wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Steiner
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Shawn Scott
- Private Dental Practice, Oberndorferstraße 39, 6322, Kirchbichl, Austria
| | - Vera Wiesmüller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrike Lepperdinger
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Otto Steinmassl
- Private Dental Practice, Kaiser-Josef Straße 13, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dagmar Schnabl
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schwindling
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Kleinvogel L, Wemken G, Reidelbach C, Garcia-Käufer M, Vach K, Hellwig E, Spies BC, Polydorou O. Method development for the intraoral release of nanoparticles from dental restorative materials. Dent Mater 2023; 39:693. [PMID: 37357045 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was the development of a novel in-vitro method to evaluate the intraoral release of wear particles with a diameter< 1 µm from dental restorative materials. METHODS Test fixtures for a dual-axis chewing simulator (CS-4.8, SD Mechatronik, Feldkirchen-Westerham, Germany), consisting of three components to mount the specimens and a solvent (distilled water) as well as a zirconia antagonist to transfer the masticatory forces onto the specimen was developed. Ceram.x Spectra™ ST HV (CS) and Filtek™ Supreme XTE (FS) specimens (n = 3) were fixed into the mounts and immersed in 25 ml solvent. All specimens were subjected to 500.000 wear cycles with a load of 49 N. The particle size distribution of the suspensions were examined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The collected particles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). For wear quantification, the surfaces of the specimens were photo-optically scanned and the wear was measured. For the statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffé tests were applied. RESULTS DLS showed particle diameters< 1 µm (CS: 18.06 nm-1.64 µm, FS: 72.30 nm-2.31 µm). SEM/EDS indicated an association between the detected elements and the materials' composition. FS showed significantly higher volume loss (p = 0.007) and maximum depth of the wear profile (p = 0.005) than CS, but no significant differences in the surface loss (p = 0.668). SIGNIFICANCE The novel method is able to detect material dependent particles to the size of nanoscale after in-vitro abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kleinvogel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Gregor Wemken
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Reidelbach
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Garcia-Käufer
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Hygiene, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 115B, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt C Spies
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Polydorou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Grymak A, Tieh MT, Yang AHX, Choi JJE. Development of predictive algorithms for the wear resistance of denture teeth materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 144:105984. [PMID: 37392604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the wear resistance of conventional, CAD-milled and 3D-printed denture teeth in vitro with simulated aging. To use the collected data to train single time series sample model LSTM and provide proof of concept. METHODS Six denture teeth materials (Three Conventional; Double-cross linked PMMA (G1), Nanohybrid composite (G2), PMMA with microfillers (G3), CAD-milled (G4), two 3D-printed teeth (G5, G6) (Total n = 60) underwent simulation for 24 and 48 months of linear reciprocating wear using a universal testing machine (UFW200, NeoPlus) under 49 N load, 1 Hz and linear stroke of 2 mm in an artificial saliva medium. Single samples were parsed through Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model using Python. To determine minimal simulation times, multiple data splits for training were trialled (10/20/30/40%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for material surface evaluation. RESULTS 3D printed tooth material (G5) had the lowest wear resistance (59 ± 35.71 μm) whereas conventional PMMA with microfillers (G3) shown the highest wear rate (303 ± 0.06 μm) after 48 months of simulation. The LSTM model successfully predicted up to 48 months wear using 30% of the collected data. Compared with the actual data, the model had a root-mean-square error range between 6.23 and 88.56 μm, mean-absolute-percentage-error 12.43-23.02% and mean-absolute-error 7.47-70.71 μm. SEM images revealed additional plastic deformations and chipping of materials, that may have introduced data artifacts. CONCLUSIONS 3D printed denture teeth materials showed the lowest wear out of all studied for 48 months simulation. LSTM model was successfully developed to predict wear of various denture teeth. The developed LSTM model has the potential to reduce simulation duration and specimen number for wear testing of various dental materials, while potentially improving the accuracy and reliability of wear testing predictions. This work paves the way for generalized multi-sample models enhanced with empirical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Grymak
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Mei Ting Tieh
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | | | - Joanne Jung Eun Choi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
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Lassila L, Novotny R, Säilynoja E, Vallittu PK, Garoushi S. Wear behavior at margins of direct composite with CAD/CAM composite and enamel. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2419-2426. [PMID: 36746817 PMCID: PMC10159970 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the two-body wear at the marginal area between direct filling composites and substrate of CAD/CAM composites or enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flat specimens were prepared from CAD/CAM composites (CERASMART 270 and SFRC CAD) and bovine enamel. A box-shaped cavity cut into CAD/CAM composites and enamel surfaces was made. The prepared cavity in CAD/CAM composites was treated with a primer, while in enamel, the cavity was treated with an adhesive. Three conventional composites (Universal Injectable, G-aenial A'Chord, and Filtek Bulk Fill) and one short fiber composite (everX Flow) were placed and cured in the prepared cavities. A two-body wear test was conducted with 15,000 chewing cycles using a dual-axis chewing simulator. The specimens (n = 5/per group) were positioned to produce wear (load = 20 N) across the marginal area between filling composites and substrates. The wear depth was analyzed using a 3D optical profilometer. SEM was used to evaluate the wear behavior and margins between the filling and substrate materials. RESULTS All composites used displayed different wear behavior (20-39 µm) (p < 0.05). The highest wear values were recorded for A'Chord and Filtek, while the lowest values were for Injectable and CERASMART 270. The data analysis showed that the wear behavior of substrate materials depends on the filling materials used at margins (p < 0.05). The marginal breakdown was seen only between bovine enamel and filling composites. CONCLUSIONS The use of the two-body wear simulation method revealed important information about the behavior of the filling composites at the marginal area with CAD/CAM composites or bovine enamel substrates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The marginal breakdown related to the material combination at the bonding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Rudolf Novotny
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Säilynoja
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Research Development and Production Department, Stick Tech Ltd-Member of GC Group, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Mayinger F, Buser R, Laier M, Schönhoff LM, Kelch M, Hampe R, Stawarczyk B. Impact of the material and sintering protocol, layer thickness, and thermomechanical aging on the two-body wear and fracture load of 4Y-TZP crowns. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6617-6628. [PMID: 35840737 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the material and corresponding sintering protocol, layer thickness, and aging on the two-body wear (2BW) and fracture load (FL) of 4Y-TZP crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-layer 4Y-TZP crowns in three thicknesses (0.5 mm/1.0 mm/1.5 mm) were sintered by high-speed (Zolid RS) or conventional (Zolid Gen-X) sintering. 2BW of ceramic and enamel antagonist after aging (1,200,000 mechanical-, 6000 thermal-cycles) was determined by 3D-scanning before and after aging and subsequent matching to determine volume and height loss (6 subgroups, n = 16/subgroup). FL was examined initially and after aging (12 subgroups, n = 16/subgroup). Fractographic analyses were performed using light-microscope imaging. Global univariate analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA, linear regression, Spearman's correlation, Kolgomorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, and t test were computed (alpha = 0.05). Weibull moduli were determined. Fracture types were analyzed using Ciba Geigy table. RESULTS Material/sintering protocol did not influence 2BW (crowns: p = 0.908, antagonists: p = 0.059). High-speed sintered Zolid RS presented similar (p = 0.325-0.633) or reduced (p < 0.001-0.047) FL as Zolid Gen-X. Both 4Y-TZPs showed an increased FL with an increasing thickness (0.5(797.3-1429 N) < 1.0(2087-2634 N) < 1.5(2683-3715 N)mm; p < 0.001). For most groups, aging negatively impacted FL (p < 0.001-0.002). Five 0.5 mm specimens fractured, four showed cracks during and after aging. CONCLUSIONS High-speed sintered crowns with a minimum thickness of 1.0 mm showed sufficient mechanical properties to withstand masticatory forces, even after a simulated aging period of 5 years. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Despite the manufacturer indicating a thickness of 0.5 mm to be suitable for single crowns, a minimum thickness of 1.0 mm should be used to ensure long-term satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Mayinger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ramona Buser
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3007, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Laier
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Marie Schönhoff
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kelch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hampe
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Schmeiser F, Baumert U, Stawarczyk B. Two-body wear of occlusal splint materials from subtractive computer-aided manufacturing and three-dimensional printing. Clin Oral Investig 2022. [PMID: 35612645 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the two-body wear of occlusal splint materials fabricated from subtractive computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) compared to three-dimensional printing (3DP). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-eight substrates (n = 12/material) in the design of a mandibular first molar were fabricated using CAM (CAM-TD, Thermeo, pro3dure medical GmbH, Iserlohn, Germany; CAM-CL, CLEARsplint, Astron Dental Corporation, Lake Zurich, USA) and 3DP (3DP-GI, GR22 flex, pro3dure medical GmbH; 3DP-KY, KeySplint soft, Keystone Industries, Gibbstown, USA). The substrates were subjected to mastication simulation (120,000 cycles, 37 °C, 50 N, 1.3 Hz) opposed to enamel antagonists. The two-body wear was measured through matching of the scanned substrates before and after aging using Gaussian best-fit method. The damage patterns were categorized and evaluated based on microscopic examinations. Data was analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test followed by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pearson correlation was calculated between vertical and volumetric material loss. The failure types were analyzed with Chi2-test and Ciba Geigy table. RESULTS No difference in two-body wear results between all materials was found (p = 0.102). Fatigue substrates showed a perforation for CAM and a fracture for 3DP. No abrasion losses on the antagonists were detected. CONCLUSIONS 3DP substrates showed no differences in two-body wear compared to CAM ones but are more likely to show a fracture. None of the tested materials caused an abrasion on human teeth structure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE While therapies with occlusal splint materials are rising, 3DP offers a promising alternative to CAM in terms of production accuracy and therapeutic success at reduced costs.
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Maier E, Grottschreiber C, Knepper I, Opdam N, Petschelt A, Loomans B, Lohbauer U. Evaluation of wear behavior of dental restorative materials against zirconia in vitro. Dent Mater 2022; 38:778-788. [PMID: 35459553 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate two-body wear (2BW) and three-body wear (3BW) of different CAD/CAM and direct restorative materials against zirconia using a dual-axis chewing simulator and an ACTA wear machine. METHODS 3 CAD-CAM resin-based composite or polymer infiltrated ceramic network blocs, 1 lithium disilicate CAD-CAM ceramic (LS2), 3 direct resin composites, amalgam and bovine enamel were tested. For 2BW, 8 flat specimens per material were produced, grinded, polished, stored wet (37 °C, 28d) and tested (49 N, 37 °C, 1,200,000 cycles) against zirconia. For 3BW, specimens (n = 10) were stored accordingly, and tested against a zirconia antagonist wheel (3Y-TZP, d = 20 mm, h = 6 mm; 200,000 cycles, F = 15 N, f = 1 Hz, 15% slip) in millet seed suspension. Wear resistance was analysed in a 3D optical non-contact profilometer, measuring vertical wear depth and volume loss for 2BW and mean wear depth and roughness (Ra) for 3BW. Vickers hardness (15 s, HV2) was measured. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney-U test, p < 0.05). RESULTS 2BW and 3BW have a different impact on material surfaces. Similar wear resistance was observed for direct and indirect resin based materials with analogous filler configurations in both methods. Bovine enamel exhibited the best wear resistance in 2BW, but the least wear resistance in 3BW against zirconia. Regarding 2BW, a direct/indirect composite material pair of the same manufacturer showed the significantly highest mean volume losses (2.72/2.85 mm³), followed by LS2 (1.41 mm³). LS2 presented the best wear resistance in 3BW (mean wear depth 2.85 µm), combined with the highest mean Vickers hardness (598 MPa). No linear correlation was found between Vickers hardness and both wear testing procedures. The zirconia antagonists showed no recordable signs of wear. SIGNIFICANCE Dental restorative materials behave differently in 2BW and 3BW laboratory testing. Vickers hardness testing alone cannot hold for a correlation with wear behavior of materials. Micromorphological investigation of material composition can reveal insights in wear mechanisms related to variations in filler technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maier
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Erlangen, Germany; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Christine Grottschreiber
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ines Knepper
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niek Opdam
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anselm Petschelt
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bas Loomans
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Lohbauer
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Laboratory for Dental Biomaterials, Erlangen, Germany
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Grymak A, Waddell JN, Aarts JM, Ma S, Choi JJE. Evaluation of wear behaviour of various occlusal splint materials and manufacturing processes. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 126:105053. [PMID: 34998068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the volumetric and vertical loss of occlusal splints manufactured by conventional (heat-cure), subtractive (CAD/CAM) and additive (3D-printing) methods. METHODS Six occlusal splint materials were investigated (n = 126), using three manufacturing methods: heat-cured, CAD/CAM and 3D-printed built-in three different printing angles (0°,45°and 90°). Block-on-ring wear testing was performed with extracted human molars as the antagonist. All samples were tested with an applied force of 49N at 1 Hz and 60RPM in artificial saliva at 37 °C for six and 12 months. Scanning electron microscopy images were analysed to evaluate the wear on the tooth enamel and in the splint material. Volumetric and vertical wear loss were statistically analysed. RESULTS The lowest volumetric and vertical loss was observed in CAD-CAM materials (6.44 ± 1.77 mm3 and 48.3 ± 7.14 μm) with no statistical significance to the heat-cured material (17.22 ± 9.23 mm3 and 148 ± 121.1 μm) after 12 months (p < 0.172). The mean volumetric loss of 3D printed materials ranged from 0.25 ± 0.15 mm3 to 0.29 ± 0.1 4mm3 with no statistical difference, whereas, the differences in vertical loss from 131.63 ± 44.1 μm to 493 ± 79.19 μm were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The highest vertical loss was observed in the KeySplint Soft 3D printed at 90° (385.35 ± 82.37 μm), whereas FreePrint Splint 2.0 with a build angle of 0° had the highest volumetric loss (204.59 ± 25.67 mm3). CONCLUSION CAD-CAM material had the highest wear resistance followed by heat-cured material.KeySplint Soft and FreePrint Splint 2.0 3D printed materials would be preferred for patients that do not have severe bruxing episodes. No significant wear of human enamel after six and 12 months was observed under SEM for any tested materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Grymak
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - John Neil Waddell
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - John M Aarts
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sunyoung Ma
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Joanne Jung Eun Choi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, New Zealand.
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Schmeiser F, Arbogast F, Ruppel H, Mayinger F, Reymus M, Stawarczyk B. Methodology investigation: Impact of crown geometry, crown, abutment and antagonist material and thermal loading on the two-body wear of dental materials. Dent Mater 2021; 38:266-280. [PMID: 34953628 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of crown geometry, crown/abutment/antagonist material and thermal loading on the two-body wear of dental materials caused by chewing simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the crown geometry, crowns (polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and silicate ceramic (SiO2)) were milled with a flat, steep, or medium cusp inclination (CINC). For the crown/abutment material, crowns (PMMA, PEEK and SiO2) were combined with PMMA, polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN), cobalt-chrome alloy (CoCr) and natural teeth (ENAM) abutments. For the antagonist material, antagonists were fabricated from PICN, CAD/CAM resin composite (RECO), steatite (STEA), steel (STL) and ENAM and tested against flat specimens (substrates) made of veneering ceramic (VC). For thermal loading, the duration (30 s, 60 s, 120 s) and presence of temperature changes (37 °C versus 5 °C/55 °C) was varied. Material losses were determined by matching scanned specimens before and after aging (400,000 chewing cycles, 50 N, 1.3 Hz). Martens parameters were determined for the antagonists/substrates. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov-test, Kruskal-Wallis H, Scheffé-Post-Hoc-tests, pairwise comparisons, Bonferroni correction, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney-U and Spearman rho. RESULTS PMMA crowns presented the highest and PEEK the lowest material losses. Flat CINC showed the lowest material losses for PEEK and SiO2 crowns. CoCr and ENAM abutments presented material losses in the same range. Antagonist and cumulative material losses for RECO and ENAM were similar. Thermal loading did not influence material losses. SIGNIFICANCE Crown geometry influences the crown and antagonists wear, with an increased cusp inclination entailing increased wear. For in vitro set-ups, CoCr abutments and RECO antagonists present valid alternatives to natural teeth. For polymers, in vitro chewing simulations may be performed at a constant temperature (37 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schmeiser
- Dental Material Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Fee Arbogast
- Dental Material Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ruppel
- Dental Material Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Felicitas Mayinger
- Dental Material Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Reymus
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Dental Material Unit, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Mayer J, Stawarczyk B, Vogt K, Hickel R, Edelhoff D, Reymus M. Influence of cleaning methods after 3D printing on two-body wear and fracture load of resin-based temporary crown and bridge material. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5987-5996. [PMID: 33811531 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of different cleaning methods on the fracture load and two-body wear of additively manufactured three-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP) for long-term temporary use, compared to the respective outcomes of milled provisional PMMA FDPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Shape congruent three-unit FDPs were 3D printed using three different resin-based materials [FPT, GCT, NMF] or milled [TEL] (N = 48, n = 16 per group). After printing, the FDPs were cleaned using: Isopropanol (ISO), Yellow Magic 7 (YEL), or centrifugal force (CEN). Chewing simulation was carried out with a vertical load of 50 N (480,000 × 5 °C/55 °C). Two-body wear and fracture load were measured. Data were analyzed using global univariate ANOVA with partial eta squared, Kruskal-Wallis H, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman's rho test (p < 0.05). RESULTS TEL showed less wear resistance than FPT (p = 0.001) for all cleaning methods tested. Concerning vertical material loss, NMF and GCT were in the same range of value (p = 0.419-0.997), except within FDPs cleaned in ISO (p = 0.021). FPT showed no impact of cleaning method on wear resistance (p = 0.219-0.692). TEL (p < 0.001) showed the highest and FPT (p < 0.001) the lowest fracture load. Regarding the cleaning methods, specimens treated with ISO showed lower fracture load than specimens cleaned with CEN (p = 0.044) or YEL (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS The material selection and the cleaning method can have an impact on two-body wear and fracture load results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Printed restorations showed superior two-body wear resistance compared to milled FDPs but lower fracture load values. Regarding cleaning methods, ISO showed a negative effect on fracture load compared to the other methods tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mayer
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Vogt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Edelhoff
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Reymus
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Stawarczyk B, Brauneis M, Langwieder B, Spintzyk S, Eichberger M, Liebermann A. Mechanical and optical properties of indirect veneering resin composites after different aging regimes. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:279-287. [PMID: 33208573 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study tested and compared properties of six modern indirect veneering resin composites (VRC), namely Ceramage (Shofu), dialog Vario (Schütz Dental), Gradia Plus (GC Europe), in:joy (Dentsply), Signum composite (Heraeus Kulzer), and SR Nexco (Ivoclar Vivadent). Specimens were fabricated from dentin and enamel pastes and following properties were analyzed: (1) two-body wear (TB), (2) surface roughness (SR), (3) Martens hardness parameters (HM and EIT), and (4) translucency (T). The highest impact on HM and EIT was exerted by VRC brand (HM: ηP2=0.960/ EIT: ηP2=0.968; p<0.001), followed by VRC paste material (HM: ηP2=0.502/ EIT: ηP2=0.580; p<0.001), and aging duration (HM: ηP2=0.157/ EIT: ηP2=0.112; p<0.001). Lowest and highest TB were measured for Signum composite and dialog Vario, respectively (p<0.001). Highest T was showed Signum composite and Ceramage (p<0.001). VRCs should be individually selected with respect to the indication area, due to different surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sebastian Spintzyk
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen
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Wiedenmann F, Böhm D, Eichberger M, Edelhoff D, Stawarczyk B. Influence of different surface treatments on two-body wear and fracture load of monolithic CAD/CAM ceramics. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3049-3060. [PMID: 31836916 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate two-body wear (2BW) and fracture load (FL) of monolithic ceramics after different surface pretreatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zirconia (MOZ), lithium-disilicate (LIT), and leucite-reinforced (LEU) specimens (n = 60/group) were manufactured with CAD/CAM-technology and underwent (n = 15/subgroup): 1) grinding + polishing (GrPo), 2) grinding + glazing (GrGz), 3) grinding (Gr), or 4) glazing (Gz). Scanning electron microscope (n = 3/subgroup) and 3D measurements of the ceramic crowns and antagonists (N = 180) were performed to determine 2BW before and after 120,000/1,200,000 masticatory cycles. FL was examined for all specimens (N = 180). Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé post hoc, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney-U, and Wilcoxon (p < 0.05). RESULTS MOZ presented the highest FL independent on pretreatment (6960-9250 N), while LEU (1405-2320 N) showed the lowest (p < 0.001). Ceramic and antagonist wear increased between 120,000 and 1,200,000 masticatory cycles (p < 0.001). For pretreatments GrPo, GrGz, and Gz, MOZ showed the lowest wear of the ceramic, while causing the highest antagonist wear (p < 0.001). GrPo resulted in the lowest wear for MOZ (p < 0.001), with Gr leading to the highest antagonist wear (p = 0.008). LIT specimens presented the highest wear of the ceramic and antagonist after Gz (p < 0.001), while GrPo resulted in the lowest antagonist wear (p < 0.001). GrGz led to the highest antagonist wear for LEU (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS With FL exceeding maximum masticatory forces, the three tested ceramics can be recommended for restorations, even in posterior regions. While glazing resulted in higher wear and impaired FL, polishing improved mechanical properties while largely preserving the antagonist. CLINICAL RELEVANCE While surface pretreatment after grinding is vital to ensure a ceramic's optimal mechanical properties, glazing and polishing varies with regard to material properties, costs, and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Wiedenmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Denise Böhm
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Private Practice, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlis Eichberger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Edelhoff
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Yildiz Domanic K, Aslan YU, Ozkan Y. Two-body wear of occlusal splint materials against different antagonists. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:174. [PMID: 32571384 PMCID: PMC7310217 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to demonstrate that the material of the occlusal splint can be chosen according to the needs of individual patients and contribute to the knowledge of the wear rate of these materials. Methods In this study, four occlusal splint materials (Sr Ivocap Heat Cured, Valplast, SR Ivocap Elastomer and Eclipse) and three antagonists (natural tooth enamel, inCoris TZI and IPS e.max Press ceramic materials) were used. Each wear test was performed using a chewing simulator (n = 16; test load: 50 N; number of cycles: 10,000, 20,000 and 30,000; continuous rinsing with water at 30 °C for the wet condition). The Shapiro Wilk test was used for normal distribution suitability. Antagonist on average wear quantities both main effects and interactions of material, cycle and condition factors were investigated by Univariate variance analysis. Multiple comparisons were examined using the Games-Howell test. Results There was a statistically significant effect of the difference in materials on the amount of wear (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference among the mean values of all materials (p > 0.001). The highest mean value was obtained with Eclipse (0,318 μm3), and the lowest mean value was obtained with Valplast (0,134 μm3). Conclusion Our study found differences in the in vitro wear rate among various occlusal splint materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Yildiz Domanic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dentistry Faculty, University of Marmara, Basibuyuk, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yilmaz Umut Aslan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dentistry Faculty, University of Marmara, Basibuyuk, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozkan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dentistry Faculty, University of Marmara, Basibuyuk, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wiedenmann F, Pfefferle R, Reichert A, Jerman E, Stawarczyk B. Impact of high-speed sintering, layer thickness and artificial aging on the fracture load and two-body wear of zirconia crowns. Dent Mater 2020; 36:846-853. [PMID: 32414506 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of high-speed sintering, layer thickness and artificial aging in a chewing simulator on the fracture load (FL) and two-body wear (2BW) of 4Y-TZP crowns. METHODS 4Y-TZP crowns (Ceramill Zolid HT+, Amann Girrbach AG) in three different layer thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5; N=192, n=64/group) were manufactured using CAD/CAM technology and sintered at 1580°C (high-speed sintering) or 1450°C (control group). Specimens were polished in two-steps and bonded to standardized CoCr abutments with Multilink Automix (Ivoclar Vivadent). 2BW after 6000 thermo- and 1,200,000 chewing-cycles employing enamel antagonists was determined using best fit machining. FL was tested before and after artificial aging. Univariate ANOVAs, post hoc Scheffé, unpaired t-, Kruskal-Wallis- and Mann-Whitney-U-test were computed (p<0.05). RESULTS High-speed sintering resulted in less 2BW of the zirconia than the control group (p=0.013). High-speed sintering (p=0.001-0.006) and an increase in layer thickness (p<0.001-0.012) resulted in higher FL values, while artificial aging led to a reduction of FL (p<0.001). SIGNIFICANCE As high-speed sintering resulted in less two-body wear of the zirconia and comparable or even higher fracture load results than the control group, this cost- and time efficient alternative presents promising mechanical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Wiedenmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Regina Pfefferle
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Reichert
- Research & Development, Amann Girrbach GmbH, Herrschaftswiesen 1, 6842 Koblach, Austria
| | - Eva Jerman
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Zhang F, Spies BC, Vleugels J, Reveron H, Wesemann C, Müller WD, van Meerbeek B, Chevalier J. High-translucent yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics are wear-resistant and antagonist-friendly. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1776-90. [PMID: 31727445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate two-body wear of three zirconia ceramics stabilized with 3, 4 and 5mol% yttria and to compare their wear behavior with that of a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic. METHODS Sixteen rectangular-shaped specimens made from three grades of zirconia ceramics and a lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic were polished and dynamically loaded in a chewing simulator (2kg vertical load, 2.1Hz) under water at 90°C for 1.2×106 cycles (about 7 days) in the ball-on-plate mode against steatite antagonists. Surface roughness was measured before and after wear testing. Wear tracks were scanned with a non-contact 3D profilometer and super-impositions were used to determine wear loss of the antagonists. Wear surfaces were imaged by SEM. XRD and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize phase transformation and stress status in the worn and unworn areas of the zirconia ceramics. RESULTS Independent of fracture toughness, strength and aging-susceptibility, the three zirconia ceramics showed a similar and limited amount of wear (∼10μm in depth) and were more wear-resistant than the lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic (∼880μm in depth). Abrasive wear without obvious cracks was observed for all investigated zirconias, whereas the glass-ceramic with a lower fatigue threshold and high susceptibility to surface dissolution exhibited significant abrasion, fatigue and corrosion wear. All three zirconia ceramics yielded a lower antagonist wear than the glass-ceramic and no significant differences were found between the zirconia ceramics. SIGNIFICANCE In the context of this study, high-translucent zirconia ceramics stabilized with a higher yttria content, recently introduced in the dental field, were as wear-resistant and antagonist-friendly as conventional high-strength zirconia and suitable for monolithic restorations.
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Stawarczyk B, Frevert K, Ender A, Roos M, Sener B, Wimmer T. Comparison of four monolithic zirconia materials with conventional ones: Contrast ratio, grain size, four-point flexural strength and two-body wear. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 59:128-138. [PMID: 26751707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the mechanical and optical properties of monolithic zirconia in comparison to conventional zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens were prepared from: monolithic zirconia: Zenostar (ZS), DD Bio ZX(2) hochtransluzent (DD), Ceramill Zolid (CZ), InCoris TZI (IC) and a conventional zirconia Ceramill ZI (CZI). Contrast ratio (N=75/n=15) was measured according to ISO 2471:2008. Grain sizes (N=75/n=15) were investigated with scanning electron microscope. Four-point flexural strength (N=225/n=15/zirconia and aging regime) was measured initially, after aging in autoclave or chewing simulator (ISO 13356:2008). Two-body wear of polished and glazed/veneered specimens (N=108/n=12) was analyzed in a chewing simulator using human teeth as antagonists. Data were analyzed using 2-/1-way ANOVA with post-hoc Scheffé, Kruskal-Wallis-H, Mann-Whitney-U, Spearman-Rho, Weibull statistics and linear mixed models (p<0.05). RESULTS The lowest contrast ratio values were found for ZS and IC and CZ. IC showed the largest grain size followed by DD and CZI. The smallest grain size was observed for ZS followed by CZ. There was no correlation between grain size and contrast ratio. The aging regime showed no impact on flexural strength. All non-aged and autoclave-aged specimens showed lower flexural strengths than the control group CZI. Within groups aged in chewing simulator, ZS showed significantly lower flexural strength than CZI. CZI showed higher material and antagonist wear than monolithic polished and glazed groups. Glazed specimens showed higher material and antagonist loss compared to polished ones. There was no correlation between roughness and wear. CONCLUSIONS Monolithic zirconia showed higher optical, but lower mechanical properties than conventional zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Frevert
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ender
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malgorzata Roos
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Sener
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timea Wimmer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
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