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Rim G, Hyun K, Cho DG, Lim Z, Lee B, Kim K, Yoo GY. Early thrombus detection in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit by noninvasive real-time ultrasonic sensors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10438. [PMID: 38714704 PMCID: PMC11076605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombus formation in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains a major concern as it can lead to fatal outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, there is no standard non-invasive method for quantitatively measuring thrombi. This study's purpose was to verify thrombus detection in an ECMO circuit using novel, non-invasive ultrasonic sensors in real-time, utilizing the fact that the ultrasonic velocity in a thrombus is known to be higher than that in the blood. Ultrasonic sensors with a customized chamber, an ultrasonic pulse-receiver, and a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) were used to set up the measuring unit. The customized chamber was connected to an ECMO circuit primed with porcine blood. Thrombi formed from static porcine blood were placed in the circuit and ultrasonic signals were extracted from the oscilloscope at various ECMO flow rates of 1-4 L/min. The ultrasonic signal changes were successfully detected at each flow rate on the DSO. The ultrasonic pulse signal shifted leftward when a thrombus passed between the two ultrasonic sensors and was easily detected on the DSO screen. This novel real-time non-invasive thrombus detection method may enable the early detection of floating thrombi in the ECMO system and early management of ECMO thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongmin Rim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent's Hospital, 93 Jungbu-Daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16247, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanyong Hyun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent's Hospital, 93 Jungbu-Daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16247, Republic of Korea.
| | - Deog Gon Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent's Hospital, 93 Jungbu-Daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16247, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Byungdoo Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunho Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Yoo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Islam MA, Olm G. Deep learning techniques to detect rail indications from ultrasonic data for automated rail monitoring and maintenance. Ultrasonics 2024; 140:107314. [PMID: 38626489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The increasing number of passengers and services using railways and the corresponding increase in rail use has caused the acceleration of rail wear and surface defects which makes rail defect identification an important issue for rail maintenance and monitoring to ensure safe and efficient operation. Traditional visual inspection methods for identifying rail defects are time-consuming, less accurate, and associated with human errors. Deep learning has been used to improve railway maintenance and monitoring tasks. This study aims to develop a structured model for detecting railway artifacts and defects by comparing different deep-learning models using ultrasonic image data. This research showed whether it is practical to identify rail indications using image classification and object detection techniques from ultrasonic data and which model performs better among the above-mentioned methods. The methodology includes data processing, labeling, and using different conventional neural networks to develop the model for both image classification and object detection. The results of CNNs for image classification, and YOLOv5 for object detection show 98%, and 99% accuracy respectively. These models can identify rail artifacts efficiently and accurately in real-life scenarios, which can improve automated railway infrastructure monitoring and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraful Islam
- Chair of Civil Systems Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Georg Olm
- Chair of Civil Systems Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Ahmed SS, Bali R, Khan H, Mohamed HI, Sharma SK. Improved water resource management framework for water sustainability and security. Environ Res 2021; 201:111527. [PMID: 34157270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The water resource is an essential field of economic growth, social progress, and environmental integrity. A novel solution is offered to meet water needs, distribution, and IoT-based quality management requirements. With technological growth, this paper presents an IoT-enabled Water Resource Management and Distribution Monitoring System (IWRM-DMS) using sensors, gauge meters, flow meters, ultrasonic sensors, motors to implement in rural cities. Thus, research proposes that the IWRM-DMS establish the rural demand for water and the water supply system to minimize water demand. The system proposed includes different sensors, such as the water flow sensor, the pH sensor, the water pressure valve, the flow meters, and ultrasound sensors. This water system has been developed, which addresses the demand for domestic water in the village. Machine Intelligence has been designed for demand prediction in the decision support system. The simulation results confirm the applicability of the proposed framework in real-time environments. The proposed IWRM-DMS has been proposed to analyse the water quality to ensure water distribution in a rural area to achieve less MAPE (21.41%) and RMSE(15.12%), improve efficiency (96.93%), Reliability (98.24%), enhance prediction (95.29%)), the overall performance (97.34%), moisture content ratio (7.4%), cost-effectiveness ratio (95.7%) when compared to other popular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Ahmed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia; Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Rekha Bali
- Department of Mathematics, Harcourt Butlor Technical University, Kanpur, 208002, India
| | - Hasim Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sunil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
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Bowler AL, Watson NJ. Transfer learning for process monitoring using reflection-mode ultrasonic sensing. Ultrasonics 2021; 115:106468. [PMID: 34022611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The fourth industrial revolution is set to integrate entire manufacturing processes using industrial digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, and machine learning to improve process productivity, efficiency, and sustainability. Sensors collect the real-time data required to optimise manufacturing processes and are therefore a key technology in this transformation. Ultrasonic sensors have benefits of being low-cost, in-line, non-invasive, and able to operate in opaque systems. Supervised machine learning models can correlate ultrasonic sensor data to useful information about the manufacturing materials and processes. However, this requires a reference measurement of the process material to label each data point for model training. Labelled data is often difficult to obtain in factory environments, and so a method of training models without this is desirable. This work compares two domain adaptation methods to transfer models across processes, so that no labelled data is required to accurately monitor a target process. The two method compared are a Single Feature transfer learning approach and Transfer Component Analysis using three features. Ultrasonic waveforms are unique to the sensor used, attachment procedure, and contact pressure. Therefore, only a small number of transferable features are investigated. Two industrially relevant processes were used as case studies: mixing and cleaning of fouling in pipes. A reflection-mode ultrasonic sensing technique was used, which monitors the sound wave reflected from the interface between the vessel wall and process material. Overall, the Single Feature method produced the highest prediction accuracies: up to 96.0% and 98.4% to classify the completion of mixing and cleaning, respectively; and R2 values of up to 0.947 and 0.999 to predict the time remaining until completion. These results highlight the potential of combining ultrasonic measurements with transfer learning techniques to monitor industrial processes. Although, further work is required to study various effects such as changing sensor location between source and target domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Bowler
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicholas J Watson
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
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González MG, Riobó LM, Ciocci Brazzano L, Veiras FE, Sorichetti PA, Santiago GD. Generation of sub-microsecond quasi-unipolar pressure pulses. Ultrasonics 2019; 98:15-19. [PMID: 31150960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to generate sub-microsecond quasi-unipolar pressure pulses. Our approach is based on the laser irradiation of a thin copper wire submerged in water. The acoustic waveforms were recorded using two different, well characterized, wideband detection techniques: piezoelectric and optical interferometry. The results show that the irradiated target behaves as an omnidirectional source. Moreover, the peak pulse pressure linearly depends on the laser fluence and the source size. From the results, we propose an empirical equation for the spatial and temporal profile of the pressure pulse. The method has several advantages: ease of implementation, high repeatability, wide ultrasonic bandwidth and quasi-unipolar time profile. These features lead to potential applications of this acoustic source in ultrasonic characterization such as transducer systems, materials or passive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G González
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, Grupo de Láser, Óptica de Materiales y Aplicaciones Electromagnéticas (GLOMAE), Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET), C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - L M Riobó
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, Grupo de Láser, Óptica de Materiales y Aplicaciones Electromagnéticas (GLOMAE), Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Ciocci Brazzano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, Grupo de Láser, Óptica de Materiales y Aplicaciones Electromagnéticas (GLOMAE), Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET), C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F E Veiras
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, Grupo de Láser, Óptica de Materiales y Aplicaciones Electromagnéticas (GLOMAE), Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (CONICET), C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P A Sorichetti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, Grupo de Láser, Óptica de Materiales y Aplicaciones Electromagnéticas (GLOMAE), Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G D Santiago
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ingeniería, Grupo de Láser, Óptica de Materiales y Aplicaciones Electromagnéticas (GLOMAE), Paseo Colón 850, C1063ACV Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Chen Z, Fan L, Zhang SY, Zhang H. Performance optimization of high-order Lamb wave sensors based on silicon carbide substrates. Ultrasonics 2016; 65:296-303. [PMID: 26474949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC), as a new type of material for substrates in micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), was given high consideration in virtue of the properties of high acoustic velocity, low loss, chemical resistance, and etc. In this work, five performance parameters, which are electromechanical coupling coefficients, mass sensitivities, conductivity sensitivities, insert losses and minimum detectable masses, are theoretically investigated in Lamb wave chemical sensors for gas sensing based on SiC substrates. It is presented that higher performance can be achieved based on high-order modes other than fundamental modes, and the abovementioned five parameters can be simultaneously optimized. Then, according to the optimized operating conditions, operating parameters of the SiC-based high-order Lamb wave sensors are designed, which can be easily realized in MEMS technology. Finally, it is demonstrates that the SiC-based sensor exhibits better performance than that of the sensor with a conventional silicon substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Lab of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Li Fan
- Lab of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Shu-yi Zhang
- Lab of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Lab of Modern Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Blumenstein T, Zeitlmann H, Alves-Pinto A, Turova V, Lampe R. Optimization of electric bicycle for youths with disabilities. Springerplus 2014; 3:646. [PMID: 25485189 PMCID: PMC4230816 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and to maintain balance and posture. People with cerebral palsy have also perception and space orientation deficits so that special assistance devices should be developed to compensate these handicaps. The objective was to optimize an adapted electric bicycle (E-bike) for youths with neurodevelopmental disorders. An adapted E-bike was provided with ultrasonic sensors that measure distances to objects. If the distance to other objects reduces, an acoustic signal is sent. Additionally, a self-created force plate was fixed on the pedal to evaluate the muscle performances during biking. An experiment with the ultrasound warning system confirmed that acoustic feedback was helpful in avoiding obstacles. The measurement of the blood pressure, the heart frequency and the pedaling force during biking approved that the training condition of the test person can be registered and enables tuning the power of the electric motor to individual requirements. The results demonstrate that an adapted E-bike can be improved to provide better space orientation for people with perceptual disorders and to measure training conditions of patients. Moreover, these enable individual adjustment of the electric motor power to optimize comfort and therapy effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Blumenstein
- Forschungseinheit für Cerebralparesen und Kinderneuroorthopädie der Buhl-Strohmaier Stiftung, Department of Orthopedics, Clinic 'rechts der Isar', Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, Munich, 81675 Germany
| | - Hilar Zeitlmann
- Forschungseinheit für Cerebralparesen und Kinderneuroorthopädie der Buhl-Strohmaier Stiftung, Department of Orthopedics, Clinic 'rechts der Isar', Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, Munich, 81675 Germany
| | - Ana Alves-Pinto
- Forschungseinheit für Cerebralparesen und Kinderneuroorthopädie der Buhl-Strohmaier Stiftung, Department of Orthopedics, Clinic 'rechts der Isar', Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, Munich, 81675 Germany
| | - Varvara Turova
- Forschungseinheit für Cerebralparesen und Kinderneuroorthopädie der Buhl-Strohmaier Stiftung, Department of Orthopedics, Clinic 'rechts der Isar', Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, Munich, 81675 Germany
| | - Renée Lampe
- Markus Würth Stiftungsprofessur, Munich, Germany ; Forschungseinheit für Cerebralparesen und Kinderneuroorthopädie der Buhl-Strohmaier Stiftung, Department of Orthopedics, Clinic 'rechts der Isar', Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, Munich, 81675 Germany
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8
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Antlinger H, Clara S, Beigelbeck R, Cerimovic S, Keplinger F, Jakoby B. An acoustic transmission sensor for the longitudinal viscosity of fluids. Sens Actuators A Phys 2013; 202:23-29. [PMID: 25844023 PMCID: PMC4376050 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical fluid parameters like viscosity, mass density and sound velocity can be determined utilizing ultrasonic sensors. We introduce the concept of a recently devised transmission based sensor utilizing pressure waves to determine the longitudinal viscosity, bulk viscosity, and second coefficient of viscosity of a sample fluid in a test chamber. A model is presented which allows determining these parameters from measurement values by means of a fit. The setup is particularly suited for liquids featuring higher viscosities for which measurement data are scarcely available to date. The setup can also be used to estimate the sound velocity in a simple manner from the phase of the transfer function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Antlinger
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Stefan Clara
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Roman Beigelbeck
- Institute for Integrated Sensor Systems, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Viktor Kaplan Strasse 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Samir Cerimovic
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Keplinger
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Jakoby
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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Antlinger H, Clara S, Beigelbeck R, Cerimovic S, Keplinger F, Jakoby B. Sensing the characteristic acoustic impedance of a fluid utilizing acoustic pressure waves. Sens Actuators A Phys 2012; 186:94-99. [PMID: 23565036 PMCID: PMC3617730 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2012.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic sensors can be used to determine physical fluid parameters like viscosity, density, and speed of sound. In this contribution, we present the concept for an integrated sensor utilizing pressure waves to sense the characteristic acoustic impedance of a fluid. We note that the basic setup generally allows to determine the longitudinal viscosity and the speed of sound if it is operated in a resonant mode as will be discussed elsewhere. In this contribution, we particularly focus on a modified setup where interferences are suppressed by introducing a wedge reflector. This enables sensing of the liquid's characteristic acoustic impedance, which can serve as parameter in condition monitoring applications. We present a device model, experimental results and their evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Antlinger
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Stefan Clara
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Roman Beigelbeck
- Institute for Integrated Sensor Systems, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Viktor Kaplan Strasse 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Samir Cerimovic
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Keplinger
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Jakoby
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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