1
|
Li X, Zhang Z, Xu G, Li Z, Lu C, Shen Y. Synthesis of urolithin derivatives and their anti-inflammatory activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149711. [PMID: 38417344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Two series of urolithin derivatives, totally 38 compounds, were synthesized. Their anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by detecting the inhibitory effects on the expression of TNF-α in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), showing that 24 of 38 ones reduced the expression of TNF-α. Compound B2, the ring C opened derivative of urolithin B with a butoxycarbonyl substitution in ring A, showed the strongest inhibitory activity compared with that of indomethacin. Furthermore, B2 treatment decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2. Mechanically, the anti-inflammatory effect of B2 was related to the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. These results clearly illustrated that B2 hold potential for application as an anti-inflammatory agent. The present study provided a viable approach to modify the gut metabolites for anti-inflammatory drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Guangsen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chunhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Y, Lee PK, Wong HC, Zhao D. Oral supplementation of Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens promotes ellagic acid metabolism and urolithin bioavailability in mice. Food Chem 2024; 437:137953. [PMID: 37976786 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is an abundant dietary polyphenol with multifarious health benefits but low bioavailability. To increase its bio-efficacy, converting EA to urolithins by supplementing urolithin-producing bacteria, e.g., Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens (G.uro), could be a solution. This work first tested three methods for oral delivery of live G.uro. Intestinal colonization of G.uro and its impact on local gut microbiota, EA-to-urolithin conversion and bioavailability were then investigated in C57BL/6J mice administered to EA only or a synbiotic (G. uro + EA). In vitro results suggested that G.uro largely survived simulated gastrointestinal digestion and could be administered without protection. In vivo results showed that G.uro had little impact on local gut microbiota but could not colonize the gut. Moreover, synbiotic remarkably promoted Akkermansia, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium growth, and significantly enhanced the bioavailability of urolithins compared with the EA-only group. This study demonstrated the potential of oral supplementation of G.uro for enhancing EA-to-urolithin bioconversion and bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Pui-Kei Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Ho-Ching Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Danyue Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han L, Zhao D, Li Y, Jin J, El-Kott AF, Al-Saeed FA, Eldib AM. Assessment of the Anti-Breast Cancer Effects of Urolithin with Molecular Docking Studies in the In Vitro Condition: Introducing a Novel Chemotherapeutic Drug. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:554-566. [PMID: 37280483 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A lot of research has been done on using natural items as diabetes treatment. The molecular docking study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activities of urolithin A against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase. The molecular docking calculations indicated the probable interactions and the characteristics of these contacts at an atomic level. The results of the docking calculations showed the docking score of urolithin A against α-amylase was -5.169 kcal/mol. This value for α-glucosidase and aldose reductase was -3.657 kcal/mol and -7.635 kcal/mol, respectively. In general, the outcomes of the docking calculations revealed that urolithin A can construct several hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts with the assessed enzymes and reduces their activities considerably. The properties of urolithin against common human breast cancer cell lines, i.e., SkBr3, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, Hs578T, Evsa-T, BT-549, AU565 and 600MPE were evaluated. The IC50 of the urolithin was 400, 443, 392, 418, 397, 530, 566 and 551 against SkBr3, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, Hs578T, Evsa-T, BT-549, AU565 and 600MPE, respectively. After doing the clinical trial studies, the recent molecule may be used as an anti-breast cancer supplement in humans. IC50 values of urolithin A on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase enzymes were obtained at 16.14, 1.06 and 98.73 µM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of General Surgery, Sijing Hospital of Songjiang District Shanghai, Shanghai, 201601, China
| | - Danbo Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, 436000, Hubei, China
| | - Ya Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jianwei Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Fatimah A Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Eldib
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
- Alrayan Medical Colleges (AMC), Hejrah Street, P. O. Box 41411, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eduardo Iglesias-Aguirre C, Romo-Vaquero M, Victoria Selma M, Carlos Espín J. Unveiling metabotype clustering in resveratrol, daidzein, and ellagic acid metabolism: Prevalence, associated gut microbiomes, and their distinctive microbial networks. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113470. [PMID: 37803793 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) produces different polyphenol-derived metabolites, yielding high interindividual variability and hampering consistent health effects. GM metabotypes associated with ellagic acid (urolithin metabotypes A (UMA), B (UMB), and 0 (UM0)), resveratrol (lunularin -producers (LP) and non-producers (LNP)), and daidzein (equol-producers (EP) and non-producers (ENP)) are known. However, individual polyphenol-related metabotypes do not occur individually. In contrast, different combinations coexist (i.e., metabotype clusters, MCs). We report here for the first time these MCs, their distribution, and their associated GM in adult humans (n = 127) after consuming for 7 days a nutraceutical (pomegranate, Polygonum cuspidatum, and red clover extracts) containing ellagitannins + ellagic acid, resveratrol, and isoflavones. Urine metabolites (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing) were analyzed. Ten MCs were identified: LP + UMB + ENP (22.7%), LP + UMA + ENP (21.3%), LP + UMA + EP (16.7%), LP + UMB + EP (16%), LNP + UMA + ENP (11.3%), LNP + UMB + ENP (5.3%), LNP + UMA + EP (3.3%), LNP + UMB + EP (2%), LNP + UM0 + EP (0.7%), and LNP + UM0 + ENP (0.7%). Sex, BMI, and age did not affect the distribution of metabotypes or MCs. Multivariate analysis (MaAslin2) revealed genera differentially present in individual metabotypes and MCs. Network analysis (MENA) showed the taxa acting as module hubs and connectors. Compositional and functional profiling, alpha and beta diversities, topological network features, and GM modulation by the nutraceutical differed depending on whether the entire cohort or each MC was considered. The nutraceutical did not change the composition of LP + UMA + EP (the most robust GM with the most associated functions) but increased its network connectors. This pioneering approach, joining GM's compositional, functional, and network features in polyphenol metabolism, paves the way for identifying personalized GM-targeted strategies to improve polyphenol health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang YH, Mondal G, Khan W, Gurley BJ, Yates CR. Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for characterizing pomegranate extract pharmacokinetics in humans. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115477. [PMID: 37267874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate extracts standardized to punicalagins are a rich source of ellagitannins including ellagic acid (EA). Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived urolithin (Uro) metabolites of ellagitannins are pharmacologically active. Studies have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of EA, however, little is known about the disposition of urolithin metabolites (urolithin A (UA) and B (UB)). To address this gap, we developed and applied a novel ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay for the characterization of EA and Uro oral pharmacokinetics in humans. Subjects (10/cohort) received a single oral dose (250 or 1000 mg) of pomegranate extract (Pomella® extract) standardized to contain not less than 30 % punicalagins, < 5 % EA, and not less than 50 % polyphenols. Plasma samples, collected over 48 h, were treated with β-glucuronidase and sulfatase to permit comparison between unconjugated and conjugated forms of EA, UA and UB. EA and urolithins were separated by gradient elution (acetonitrile/water, 0.1 % formic acid) using a C18 column connected to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the negative mode. Conjugated EA exposure was ∼5-8-fold higher than unconjugated EA for both dose groups. Conjugated UA was readily detectable beginning ∼8 h post-dosing, however, unconjugated UA was detectable in only a few subjects. Neither form of UB was detected. Together these data indicate EA is rapidly absorbed and conjugated following oral administration of Pomella® extract. Moreover, UA's delayed appearance in the blood, primarily in the conjugated form, is consistent with gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of EA to UA, which is then rapidly converted to its conjugated form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Wang
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Goutam Mondal
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Washim Khan
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Bill J Gurley
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Charles R Yates
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Liao R, Zhang S, Weng H, Liu Y, Tao T, Yu F, Li G, Wu J. Promising remedies for cardiovascular disease: Natural polyphenol ellagic acid and its metabolite urolithins. Phytomedicine 2023; 116:154867. [PMID: 37257327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant worldwide factor contributing to human fatality and morbidity. With the increase of incidence rates, it is of concern that there is a lack of current therapeutic alternatives because of multiple side effects. Ellagic acid (EA), the natural polyphenol (C14H6O8), is abundant in pomegranates, berries, and nuts. EA and its intestinal microflora metabolite, urolithins, have recently attracted much attention as a potential novel "medicine" because of their wide pharmacological properties. PURPOSE This study aimed to critically analyze available literature to summarize the beneficial effects of EA and urolithins, and highlights their druggability and therapeutic potential in various CVDs. METHODS We systematically studied research and review articles between 1984 and 2022 available on various databases to obtain the data on EA and urolithins with no language restriction. Their cardiovascular protective activities, underlying mechanism, and druggability were highlighted and discussed comprehensively. RESULTS We found that EA and urolithins may exert preventive and curative effects on CVD with negligible side effects and possibly regulate lipid metabolism imbalance, pro-inflammatory factor production, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, endothelial cell dysfunction, and Ca2+ intake and release. Potentially, this may lead to the prevention and amelioration of atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, cardiac fibrosis, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiotoxicities in vivo. Several molecules and signaling pathways are associated with their therapeutic actions, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-κB, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, sirtuin1, miRNA, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. CONCLUSION In vitro and in vivo studies shows that EA and urolithins could be used as valid candidates for early prevention and effective therapeutic strategies for various CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruixue Liao
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shijia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Huimin Weng
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yuanzhi Liu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Tianyi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hussein YT, Azeez YH. DFT analysis and in silico exploration of drug-likeness, toxicity prediction, bioactivity score, and chemical reactivity properties of the urolithins. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1168-1177. [PMID: 34931599 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2017350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Urolithins (Uro) are human microflora-derived metabolites of ellagic acid and ellagitannins. It has been shown to be a powerful modulator of oxidative stress, agents with potential anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiaging properties. The present study aimed to explore the drug-likeness, toxicity, and bioactivity score of urolithins that were required to be considered oral drug-active using the web-based softwares, Molinspiration, and protox_II. In addition, the chemical reactivity descriptors of the urolithins (Uro A, Uro B, Uro, C, Uro D) were also determined through density functional (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, electrostatic potential (MEP), natural bonds orbitals (NBO), HOMO-LUMO energies, chemical reactivity descriptors, dipole moment, and Fukui functions of all the urolithins were investigated by resorting the conceptual of DFT at the M06-2X/6-311++G (d, p) basis set as a tool to analyse and comprehend the molecular interaction. The results showed that all the urolithins comply with the Lipinski's rule of five and have biological activity. According to the toxicity predictions, Uro A, Uro C, and Uro D belong to class 4 while Uro B belongs to class 6. The chemical reactivity and stability features of the investigated compounds were evaluated using global chemical reactivity descriptors calculated from the Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) energies gap, which revealed that the stability order of the molecules was Uro B > Uro C > Uro D > Uro A. The present findings indicate that the urolithins could be a promising candidate for development into a therapeutic medication.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Taha Hussein
- Medical Laboratory Science, Technical College of Applied Sciences, Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu X, Liu Z, Yao L. The Synthesis of Urolithins and their Derivatives and the Modes of Antitumor Action. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:80-87. [PMID: 35578881 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220516125500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Urolithins are microbial metabolites derived from berries and pomegranate fruits, which display anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-aging activities. There are eight natural urolithins (urolithin A-E, M5, M6 and M7), which have been isolated by now. Structurally, urolithins are phenolic compounds and belong to 6H-dibenzo [b,d] pyran-6-one. They have drawn considerable attention because of their vast range of biological activities and health benefits. Recent studies also suggest that they possess anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anticancer effects. In this article, the recent advances in the synthesis of urolithins and their derivatives from 2015 to 2021 are reviewed. To improve or overcome the solubility and metabolism stability issues, the modifications of urolithins are mainly centered on the hydroxy group and lactone group, and some compounds have been found to display promising results and the potential for further study. The possible modes of antitumor action of urolithin are also discussed. Several signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt, Wnt/β-catenin pathways, and multiple receptors (aryl hydrocarbon receptor, estrogen and androgen receptors) and enzymes (tyrosinase and lactate dehydrogenase) are involved in the antitumor activity of urolithins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhuanhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lefevre C, Bindels LB. Role of the Gut Microbiome in Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Pathophysiology. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:422-432. [PMID: 36121571 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the recent findings about the contribution of the gut microbiome to muscle pathophysiology and discuss molecular pathways that may be involved in such process. Related findings in the context of cancer cachexia are outlined. RECENT FINDINGS Many bacterial metabolites have been reported to exert a beneficial or detrimental impact on muscle physiology. Most of the evidence concentrates on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with an emerging role for bile acids, bacterial amino acid metabolites (bAAms), and bacterial polyphenol metabolites. Other molecular players worth considering include cytokines, hormones, lipopolysaccharides, and quorum sensing molecules. The current literature clearly establishes the ability for the gut microbiome to modulate muscle function and mass. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying this gut-muscle axis may lead to the delivery of novel therapeutic tools to tackle muscle wasting in cancer cachexia, chronic kidney disease, liver fibrosis, and age-related sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lefevre
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.73.11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu C, Li X, Gao Z, Song Y, Shen Y. Urolithins and intestinal health. Drug Discov Ther 2022; 16:105-111. [PMID: 35753772 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2022.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There are trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine. They can react to the intestinal microenvironment by metabolizing food or producing small molecular compounds to affect the host's digestive ability and resist the risk of infection and autoimmune diseases. Many studies have revealed that intestinal flora and its metabolites play an important role in human physiology and the development of diseases. Urolithins are kind of intestinal microbiota metabolites of ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA) with potent biological activity in vivo. However, different individuals have different intestinal flora. According to the different metabolites from ETs and EA, it is divided into three metabo-types including UM-A, UM-B and UM-0. This paper reviews the origin of urolithins, the urolithin producing microorganisms and the effects of urolithins on regulating intestinal diseases. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of urolithins in the homeostasis of intestinal flora and a reference for the scientific utilization of urolithins and foods rich in ETs and EA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Lu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Zeyuan Gao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuliang Song
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Núñez-Gómez V, Periago MJ, Navarro-González I, Campos-Cava MP, Baenas N, González-Barrio R. Influence of Raspberry and Its Dietary Fractions on the In vitro Activity of the Colonic Microbiota from Normal and Overweight Subjects. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2021; 76:494-500. [PMID: 34697672 PMCID: PMC8629792 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Raspberry is a source of dietary fibre and phenolic compounds, which are metabolised by the gut microbiota, resulting in the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and phenolic catabolites; but the formation of these compounds depends on the microbiota composition. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the raspberry and its fractions (phenolic extract, total and insoluble dietary fibre) affect the microbial activity depending on the body weight condition. For this, in vitro fermentations of raspberry fractions were carried out using faeces from normal-weight (NW) and overweight volunteers (OW) during 48 h, and phenolic catabolites and SCFAs were analysed at 0, 6, 24 and 48 h. The whole raspberry and the phenolic extract produced greater quantities of urolithins and total SCFAs when compared with fibre fractions, reaching the highest amount between 24 and 48 h. The body weight condition was an important factor, since faeces from NW led to greater production of urolithins from non-extractable phenolic compounds bound to fibre fractions, whereas in OW the urolithins production was higher from the fractions with more extractable polyphenols. In summary, the whole raspberry has been shown to have a prebiotic effect, mainly due to its phenolic compounds content rather than its fibre content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Núñez-Gómez
- Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ma Jesús Periago
- Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Navarro-González
- Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ma Piedad Campos-Cava
- Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nieves Baenas
- Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío González-Barrio
- Grupo de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hasheminezhad SH, Boozari M, Iranshahi M, Yazarlu O, Sahebkar A, Hasanpour M, Iranshahy M. A mechanistic insight into the biological activities of urolithins as gut microbial metabolites of ellagitannins. Phytother Res 2021; 36:112-146. [PMID: 34542202 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urolithins are the gut metabolites produced from ellagitannin-rich foods such as pomegranates, tea, walnuts, as well as strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and cloudberries. Urolithins are of growing interest due to their various biological activities including cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammatory activity, anticancer properties, antidiabetic activity, and antiaging properties. Several studies mostly based on in vitro and in vivo experiments have investigated the potential mechanisms of urolithins which support the beneficial effects of urolithins in the treatment of several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and various cancers. It is now obvious that urolithins can involve several cellular mechanisms including inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction, modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and suppressing nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity. Antiaging activity is the most appealing and probably the most important property of urolithin A that has been investigated in depth in recent studies, owing to its unique effects on activation of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. A recent clinical trial showed that urolithin A is safe up to 2,500 mg/day and can improve mitochondrial biomarkers in elderly patients. Regarding the importance of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of many diseases, urolithins merit further research especially in clinical trials to unravel more aspects of their clinical significance. Besides the nutritional value of urolithins, recent studies proved that urolithins can be used as pharmacological agents to prevent or cure several diseases. Here, we comprehensively review the potential role of urolithins as new therapeutic agents with a special focus on the molecular pathways that have been involved in their biological effects. The pharmacokinetics of urolithins is also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Yazarlu
- Department of General Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
GÜLCAN HO, SHUKUR KT, MAVİDENİZ A, SİRKECİOĞLU O, GAZİ M. The investigation of fluorescence and metal interaction properties of racemic 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzo[c]chromen-6-one. Turk J Chem 2021; 46:295-301. [PMID: 38143480 PMCID: PMC10734759 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The design or investigation of fluorescence probes continues to receive attention with respect to the diverse applications of spectrofluorometry. Depending on the highly sensitive character, fluorescence spectroscopy-based methodologies have been widely used in recent years in different sciences, including analytical, environmental, and medicinal chemistry areas. In our previous works, we have shown the iron (III) selective on-off sensor properties of benzo[c]chromen-6-one derivatives. In this study, we have extrapolated this research to 4-substituted analogues and investigated both fluorescent and metal interaction properties. Following the synthesis and structure identification studies, (±)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3-hydroxy-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzo[c]chromen-6-one was found as a fluorescent molecule displaying fluorescence enhancement in the presence of metals. This feature has been found quite different in comparison to the previous urolithins investigated. This finding suggested the substituent dependent effects and variations on the fluorescent properties of benzo[c]chromen-6-one system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayrettin Ozan GÜLCAN
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazimağusa, TR. North
Cyprus,
Turkey
| | - Karar Tawfeeq SHUKUR
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazimağusa, TR. North
Cyprus,
Turkey
| | - Açelya MAVİDENİZ
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazimağusa, TR. North
Cyprus,
Turkey
| | - Okan SİRKECİOĞLU
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Mustafa GAZİ
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Gazimağusa, TR. North
Cyprus,
Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
SHUKUR K, FALLAH A, TERALI K, KALKAN R, GAZI M, GÜLCAN HO. 3-Hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one and 3-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one act as on-off selective fluorescent sensors for Iron (III) under in vitro and ex vivo conditions. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:858-867. [PMID: 34385872 PMCID: PMC8326466 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2011-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarding the abundant use of metals for different purposes, it becomes more critical from various scientific and technological perspectives to discover novel agents as selective probes for the detection of specific metals. In our previous studies, we have shown that aqueous solutions of natural urolithins (i.e., hydroxyl-substituted benzo[c]chromen-6-one derivatives) are selective Iron (III) sensors in fluorescence assays. In this study, we have extrapolated these findings to another coumarine compound (i.e., 3-Hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one) and compared the selective metal binding properties with Urolithin B (i.e., 3-Hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one). Following the synthesis and structure identification studies, the fluorometric studies pointed out that the lactam group in the structure still persists to be the important scaffold for maintaining selective on-off sensor capacity that renders the compound a selective Iron (III) binding probe. Moreover, for the first time, fluorescence cellular imaging studies concomitant to cytotoxicity assays with the title compounds were also performed and the results displayed the cell-penetrative, safe, and fluorescent detectable characteristics of the compounds in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells through servings as intracellular Iron (III) on-off sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karar SHUKUR
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, GazimağusaTurkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Eastern Mediterranean University, GazimağusaTurkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Amirhossein FALLAH
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, GazimağusaTurkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Kerem TERALI
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, LefkoşaTurkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Rasime KALKAN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, LefkoşaTurkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Mustafa GAZI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Eastern Mediterranean University, GazimağusaTurkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Hayrettin Ozan GÜLCAN
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, GazimağusaTurkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dao T, Green AE, Kim YA, Bae SJ, Ha KT, Gariani K, Lee MR, Menzies KJ, Ryu D. Sarcopenia and Muscle Aging: A Brief Overview. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:716-732. [PMID: 33397034 PMCID: PMC7803599 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is facing the new challenges of an aging population, and understanding the process of aging has therefore become one of the most important global concerns. Sarcopenia is a condition which is defined by the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age. In research and clinical practice, sarcopenia is recognized as a component of geriatric disease and is a current target for drug development. In this review we define this condition and provide an overview of current therapeutic approaches. We further highlight recent findings that describe key pathophysiological phenotypes of this condition, including alterations in muscle fiber types, mitochondrial function, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism, myokines, and gut microbiota, in aged muscle compared to young muscle or healthy aged muscle. The last part of this review examines new therapeutic avenues for promising treatment targets. There is still no accepted therapy for sarcopenia in humans. Here we provide a brief review of the current state of research derived from various mouse models or human samples that provide novel routes for the development of effective therapeutics to maintain muscle health during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tam Dao
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon,
Korea
| | - Alexander E. Green
- University of Ottawa Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, ON,
Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON,
Canada
| | - Yun A Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon,
Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan,
Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan,
Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan,
Korea
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva,
Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva,
Switzerland
| | - Mi-ra Lee
- Department of Social Welfare, Division of Public Service, Dong-Eui University, Busan,
Korea
- Mi-ra Lee, Department of Public Service, Dong-Eui University, 176 Eomgwang-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47340, Korea, Tel: +82-51-890-2038, E-mail:
| | - Keir J. Menzies
- University of Ottawa Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, ON,
Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON,
Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON,
Canada
- Keir J. Menzies, Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada, Tel: +1-613-562-5800, E-mail:
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon,
Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon,
Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul,
Korea
- Corresponding authors: Dongryeol Ryu, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea, Tel: +82-31-299-6138, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Weir TL, Trikha SRJ, Thompson HJ. Diet and cancer risk reduction: The role of diet-microbiota interactions and microbial metabolites. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:53-60. [PMID: 32574813 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to recent estimates, over one third of the human population will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lifetime. While genetic factors play a large part in cancer risk, as much as 50 % of cancers may be preventable through various lifestyle modifications. Nutrition is a major modifiable risk factor, both through its impacts on obesity as well as through dietary chemical exposures that can either increase or decrease cancer risk. However, specific associations and mechanistic links between diet and cancer risk are either inconsistent or elusive. New insights regarding the reciprocal interactions between diet and the gut microbiota, the trillions of organisms that reside in our intestines, may help clarify how diet impacts cancer. The gut microbiota is largely shaped by an individual's diet and has far-reaching effects on metabolism, the immune system, and inflammation- important factors in the development and progression of various cancers. Likewise, the microbiota modifies dietary components, and consequently, exposure to metabolites that can influence cancer. This review explores some of these diet-microbiota interactions in the context of their potential impacts on cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Weir
- Intestinal Health Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, United States.
| | - S Raj J Trikha
- Intestinal Health Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1571, United States
| | - Henry J Thompson
- Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cui GH, Chen WQ, Shen ZY. Urolithin A shows anti-atherosclerotic activity via activation of class B scavenger receptor and activation of Nef2 signaling pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:519-524. [PMID: 29660655 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the therapeutic potential of urothelin A in attenuating atherosclerotic lesion in wistar rat models and explore the role of Scavenger receptor-class B type I (SR-BI) and activation of Nrf-2 singling pathway. METHODS Wistar rats (n=48) were feed with high cholesterol diet supplemented with Vitamin D3 and subjected to balloon injury of the aorta. Three days prior to the aortal injury, rats (n=16) were administered urothelin A (3mg/kg/d; po). Positive control were rats receiving high cholesterol diet and balloon injury of the aorta (n=16). The sham group (n=16) consisted of rats fed on basal diet. After twelve weeks blood was collected from all animals for estimation of lipid and angiotensin II (Ang II) levels along, subsequently all animals were sacrificed and morphologic analysis of the aorta was performed. Expression of SR-BI and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) protein were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS After twelve weeks of treatment with urolithin A, there was a significant decrease in the plasma lipid and Ang II levels and improvement of aortic lesion compared with the sham group. There was an increased expression of SR-BI and inhibition of p-ERK1/2 (p<0.05). The expression of SR-BI was inversely correlated with levels of Ang II. CONCLUSION From the results it can be safely concluded that administration of urolithin A attenuates atherosclerosis via upregulation of SR-BI expression and inhibition of p-ERK1/2 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hao Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Qian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital and Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|