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Brown M, Jenkins J, Kolden C. Decreased air quality shows minimal influence on peak summer attendance at forested Pacific West national parks. J Environ Manage 2024; 358:120702. [PMID: 38631165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Wildfires are increasing in duration and intensity across the United States' Pacific West region, resulting in heightened particulate matter from smoke in the atmosphere. Levels of peak particulate matter are concurrent to peak visitor attendance at National Parks, given seasonal alignment with summer vacation travel and heightened forest fire conditions. Particulate matter threatens visitor health and safety and contributes to poor visibility and a deteriorated visitor experience. To assess visitation response to diminished air quality, we utilized wildfire-generated particulate matter (PM2.5) data in conjunction with monthly attendance records for three ecoregions containing eight national parks in Washington, Oregon, and California from 2009 to 2019. We analyzed daily PM2.5 levels from data gridded at the 10 km scale for National Park Service units by Level III forest ecoregions within the National Park Service's Pacific West Unit. Data were then compared to normalized monthly visitation trends for each of the ecoregions using two statistical methods Kendall's Tau and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey tests. Results demonstrate that attendance at these national parks does not decrease in response to increased PM2.5 levels. Instead, we see several statistically significant increases in attendance across these ecoregions during periods of reduced air quality. Of 115 shifts between air quality categories during the busy season of July to September, there are no significant decreases in attendance as air quality worsens. These findings suggest that visitors are willing to tolerate reduced air quality compared to other factors such as temperature or precipitation. Given that park units within each ecoregion feature diverse historical contexts, varied built environments, and unique ecological systems, our discussion specifically addresses managerial concerns associated with maintained high levels of visitation during suboptimal, and potentially dangerous, conditions. There is substantial need for specific, scalable approaches to mitigate adverse health and experiential impacts as visitors are exposed to increased risks during a range of exertional activities associated with diverse settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Brown
- Environmental Systems, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95340, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Jenkins
- Management of Complex Systems, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95340, USA
| | - Crystal Kolden
- Management of Complex Systems, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95340, USA
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Matasov V, Vasenev V, Matasov D, Dvornikov Y, Filyushkina A, Bubalo M, Nakhaev M, Konstantinova A. COVID-19 pandemic changes the recreational use of Moscow parks in space and time: Outcomes from crowd-sourcing and machine learning. Urban For Urban Green 2023; 83:127911. [PMID: 36987409 PMCID: PMC10030267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The limited access to urban green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the human-nature interaction in cities and human well-being. Number of visitors to green areas, initially declined due to imposed restrictions, was restored after they were lifted as established by several studies across the globe However, little is still known about changes in behavior and preferences of park visitors in the post-COVID time. In this study, we investigated spatial-temporal patterns of recreational activities in the three urban parks in Moscow (Russia) prior, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown (in 2019 and 2020). The selected parks represent two different types: a centrally located park with much infrastructure and open landscapes (Gorky Park) and parks located at the outskirts of the city center with a more forested landscape and little infrastructure (Timiryazevski and Sokolniki parks). Recreational activities were identified based on the analysis of social media photos using machine-learning algorithms. As expected, park closures during lockdown resulted in overall decrease in the number of taken photos. After the parks were re-opened, however, the number of photos did not grow immediately. The number of photos only restored after almost three months, and the visiting peak shifted to autumn. Differences between parks were related to the type of the park and its landscape structure. The lowest decrease in the number of photos was observed for the Timiryazevsky park - a semi-natural green area, while the centrally located Gorky Park was the most affected, likely due to the strictest control measures. In comparison to 2019, photos in 2020 were more evenly distributed across the area in all the three parks. Besides, 'natural' areas became the main attractors for the visitors - photos under 'nature observation' category became the most popular. Spatial distribution of the recreational activities in post-lockdown period was characterized by larger distances between photos, likely corresponding to the social distancing. COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the value of green areas for citizens, but also changed their recreational preferences and overall behavior in parks. The observed shift from high density of visitors around entertainments and attractions in 2019 to a more homogeneous and less dense distribution along the natural zones in 2020 reveals a new pattern in visitors behavior and preference, which shall be considered in spatial planning of the parks. Increasing availability of natural green areas and their integration in urban green infrastructures can become the most relevant policy to consider the crucial role of urban nature as a source of resilience in turbulent times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Matasov
- Smart Urban Nature Research Center, Agrarian-technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Geography and Geoinformation Technology, Higher School of Economics (HSE University), 11 Pokrovsky boulevard, 109028 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Viacheslav Vasenev
- Smart Urban Nature Research Center, Agrarian-technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
- Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitrii Matasov
- BestPlace LLC, Leninskaya Sloboda street, 26/28, Moscow 115280, Russian Federation
| | - Yury Dvornikov
- Smart Urban Nature Research Center, Agrarian-technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of carbon monitoring in terrestrial ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 2 142290, Pushchino
| | - Anna Filyushkina
- Smart Urban Nature Research Center, Agrarian-technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | | | - Magomed Nakhaev
- Kadyrov Chechen State University, 32 Sheripova st., Grozny, Chechen Republic 364093, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia Konstantinova
- Smart Urban Nature Research Center, Agrarian-technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
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Abstract
This article discusses the human rights of residents in care homes in England who were affected by restrictions that were imposed during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to safeguard health and life at a time of public health emergency. It focuses on the potentially adversarial relationship between the need to protect the health of these residents and the possible adverse interferences with their human rights in the initial phase of the pandemic. The scope and application of these rights to the healthcare context is not straightforward due to the exigencies of the pandemic. Consideration is given to whether their rights, as protected by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) are vindicated or breached by the actions taken in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The article questions whether the restrictions that were applied were justified, given the limitations that exist within some ECHR Articles. It deliberates upon what can be done to ensure that relevant bodies and care homes, themselves, are better enabled to respond to a public health emergency in an individualistic, rights-based manner, based upon both principlism and pragmatism.
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Falk MT, Hagsten E. Digital indicators of interest in natural world heritage sites. J Environ Manage 2022; 324:116250. [PMID: 36166868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to their remoteness or boundless nature, activities at Natural Heritage Sites are difficult to monitor. In this study, two digital measures of the interest in Natural Word Heritage Sites are compared: one ex ante based on the number of Wikipedia page views of the site and another ex post derived from actual visitation as measured by the number of Instagram posts. The entire UNESCO database, which includes 248 Natural World Heritage Sites is linked to the 2.8 million Wikipedia page views, the 58 million Instagram posts and the Köppen extreme climate zone categories. Quantile regressions reveal that the main association in common for the two indicators is the risk of the site losing its inscription. Presence in the UNESCO Danger list is associated with reduced interest in a site, particularly in the number of Instagram posts and in the top quartile of Wikipedia views. Years since inscription is also an important explanatory variable, especially for the Instagram posts and the Wikipedia views in the top quartile. The UNESCO selection criterion of outstanding beauty only relates to the Instagram posts. Climate zone is mainly linked to the ex post variable and its upper quartile, where the sites with the most attention are found. Wikipedia views are also negatively associated with sites in Africa, the Arab countries and Latin America. Elevation, size of the area as well as kind of site are all variables not significant. There is a significant correlation between the two outcome variables with a coefficient of 0.5. While the Instagram posts relate clearly to actual visits, the Wikipedia page views is considered a possible leading indicator of future interest in a site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Hagsten
- University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Campus Bø, Norway.
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Zielinski MJ, Cowell M, Bull CE, Veluvolu M, Behne MF, Nowotny K, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Policy and public communication methods among U.S. state prisons during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Justice 2022; 10:27. [PMID: 36048251 PMCID: PMC9435413 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-022-00187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, our research team monitored and documented policy changes in United States (U.S.) prison systems. Data sources included prison websites and official prison social media accounts. Over 2500 data sources relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. prisons were located and summarized in to five different categories: 1) prevention, 2) case identification and intervention, 3) movement, 4) social communication and connection, and 5) programming, recreation, and privileges. RESULTS All state prison systems reportedly enacted multiple policies intended to limit the spread of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Document analysis revealed that the most commonly released policies were restrictions on social contacts and privileges, basic preventive measures (e.g., distribution of masks), and basic case identification measures (e.g., verbal screening and temperature checks). Utilization of social media for policy communication varied significantly across states, though relevant data was more often released on Facebook than Twitter. CONCLUSIONS Together, our work provides foundational knowledge on the wide breadth of policies that were reportedly enacted in the first year of the pandemic that may be used as a base for quantitative work on policy effectiveness and examinations of implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Zielinski
- Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Mariah Cowell
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chelsey E Bull
- Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Manasa Veluvolu
- Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M Forrest Behne
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Nowotny
- Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Wolf RT, Puggaard LB, Pedersen MMA, Pagsberg AK, Silverman WK, Correll CU, Plessen KJ, Neumer SP, Gyrd-Hansen D, Thastum M, Bilenberg N, Thomsen PH, Jeppesen P. Systematic identification and stratification of help-seeking school-aged youth with mental health problems: a novel approach to stage-based stepped-care. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:781-793. [PMID: 33459884 PMCID: PMC9142415 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether a novel visitation model for school-aged youth with mental health problems based on a stage-based stepped-care approach facilitated a systematic identification and stratification process without problems with equity in access. The visitation model was developed within the context of evaluating a new transdiagnostic early treatment for youth with anxiety, depressive symptoms, and/or behavioural problems. The model aimed to identify youth with mental health problems requiring an intervention, and to stratify the youth into three groups with increasing severity of problems. This was accomplished using a two-phase stratification process involving a web-based assessment and a semi-structured psychopathological interview of the youth and parents. To assess problems with inequity in access, individual-level socioeconomic data were obtained from national registers with data on both the youth participating in the visitation and the background population. Altogether, 573 youth and their parents took part in the visitation process. Seventy-five (13%) youth had mental health problems below the intervention threshold, 396 (69%) were deemed eligible for the early treatment, and 52 (9%) had symptoms of severe mental health problems. Fifty (9%) youth were excluded for other reasons. Eighty percent of the 396 youth eligible for early treatment fulfilled criteria of a mental disorder. The severity of mental health problems highlights the urgent need for a systematic approach. Potential problems in reaching youth of less resourceful parents, and older youth were identified. These findings can help ensure that actions are taken to avoid equity problems in future mental health care implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Trap Wolf
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Danish Centre for Health Economics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Louise Berg Puggaard
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Maria Agner Pedersen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Pagsberg
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wendy K Silverman
- Anxiety and Mood Disorders Program, Yale Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine At Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simon-Peter Neumer
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, The Arctic University of Norway, North Norway (RKBU North), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dorte Gyrd-Hansen
- Danish Centre for Health Economics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikael Thastum
- Centre for the Psychological Treatment of Children and Adolescents, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Hove Thomsen
- Research Center At Department for Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pia Jeppesen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jensen HI, Åkerman E, Lind R, Alfheim HB, Frivold G, Fridh I, Ågård AS. Conditions and strategies to meet the challenges imposed by the COVID-19-related visiting restrictions in the intensive care unit: A Scandinavian cross-sectional study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2022; 68:103116. [PMID: 34391628 PMCID: PMC8310723 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine conditions and strategies to meet the challenges imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related visiting restrictions in Scandinavian intensive care units. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY/DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. SETTING Adult intensive care units in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Likert scale responses and free-text comments within six areas: capacity and staffing, visiting policies and access to the unit, information and conferences with relatives, written information, children as relatives and follow-up initiatives. RESULTS The overall response rate was 53% (74/140 participating units). All intensive care units had planned for capacity extensions; the majority ranging between 11 and 30 extra beds. From March-June 2020, units had a mean maximum of 9.4 COVID-19 patients simultaneously. Allowing restricted visiting was more common in Denmark (52%) and Norway (61%) than in Sweden where visiting was mostly denied except for dying patients (68%), due to a particular increased number of COVID-19 patients. The restrictions forced nurses to compromise on their usual standards of family care. Numerous models for maintaining contact between relatives and patients were described. CONCLUSION Visitation restrictions compromised the quality of family care and entailed dilemmas for healthcare professionals but also spurred initiatives to developing new ways of providing family care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Irene Jensen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kolding Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Eva Åkerman
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranveig Lind
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Gro Frivold
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Isabell Fridh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Surgery, and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Sweden
| | - Anne Sophie Ågård
- Department of Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Science in Nursing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Miller L, Richard M, Krmpotic K, Kennedy A, Seabrook J, Slumkoski C, Walls M, Foster J. Parental presence at the bedside of critically ill children in the pediatric intensive care unit: A scoping review. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:823-831. [PMID: 34626225 PMCID: PMC8501356 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parental presence at the bedside (PPB) of critically ill children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is necessary for operationalizing family-centred care. Previous evidence syntheses emphasize parent-healthcare provider interactions at rounds and resuscitation; our focus is the parent-child dyad. Prior to embarking on further study, we performed a scoping review to determine the breadth and scope of the literature addressing PPB of critically ill children in the PICU. We searched five online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and PSYCHINFO) and the grey literature to identify English and French reports from January 1960 to June 2020 addressing physical parental presence with children (birth to 18 years) in intensive care units, without limitation by methodology. Screening, reference selection, and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted into a researcher-designed tool. We identified 204 publications (81 quantitative, 68 qualitative, 22 mixed methods, and 9 descriptive case or practice change studies, and a further 24 non-study reports). PPB was directly assessed in 78 (38%) reports, and was the primary objective in 64 (31%). Amount or quality of presence was addressed by 114 reports, barriers and enablers by 152 sources, and impacts and outcomes by 134 sources. While only 6 reports were published in the first two decades of our search (1960-1980), 17 reports were published in 2019 alone. Conclusions: A relatively large body of literature exists addressing PPB of critically ill children. Separate systematic evidence syntheses to assess each element of PPB are warranted. Scoping review protocol registration: Open science framework, protocol nx6v3, registered 9-September-2019. What is Known: • Parental presence at the bedside of critically ill children must be enabled to facilitate family centeredness in care. • Systematic evidence syntheses have focused on parental presence at rounds or resuscitation, rather than with the child throughout the intensive care journey. What is New: • Many reports (n=204) address parental presence at the bedside in the pediatric intensive care unit, though most do as incidental findings • Identifies studies addressing key elements of parental presence in the PICU including barriers and enablers to, amount and quality of, and impact and outcomes of parental presence, and demonstrates trends over time and geography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Miller
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Monique Richard
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, IWK Health, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Kristina Krmpotic
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, IWK Health, Halifax, NS Canada
- Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Anne Kennedy
- School of Education, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS Canada
| | - Jamie Seabrook
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College at Western University, London, ON Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON Canada
| | - Corey Slumkoski
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Parent Partner, IWK Health, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Martha Walls
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Parent Partner, IWK Health, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Jennifer Foster
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, IWK Health, Halifax, NS Canada
- Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper aims to examine differences in measures of and relationships between visitation and quality of life (QOL) among older and younger jailed adults. The authors also explored the contribution of visitation to QOL among adults in this setting. The authors anticipated fewer visits and lower QOL among older adults. Framed by psychosocial developmental theory, the authors also anticipated a larger effect in the relationship between visitation and QOL among older rather than younger adults and that visitation would contribute most readily to psychological QOL. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Cross-sectional data from a large US jail were used (n = 264). The authors described the sample regarding visitation and QOL measures among older (≥45) and younger adults (≤44) and examined differences in measures of and relationships between visitation and QOL using independent sample t-tests and bivariate analyses. The authors explored the contribution of visitation to psychological, social relationships, physical and environmental QOL among jailed adults using hierarchical multiple linear regression. FINDINGS Older adults had fewer family visits and lower physical QOL than younger adults, disparities were moderate in effect (d range = 0.33-0.35). A significant difference also emerged between groups regarding the visitation and environmental QOL relationship (z = 1.66, p <0.05). Visitation contributed to variation in physical and social relationships QOL among jailed adults (Beta range = 0.19-0.24). ORIGINALITY/VALUE Limited research exists among jailed older adults and scholars have yet to examine the relationship between visitation and QOL among persons in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grace Prost
- Raymond A. Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Meghan A Novisky
- Department of Criminology, Anthropology and Sociology, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Nguyen LKN, Howick S, McLafferty D, Anderson GH, Pravinkumar SJ, Van Der Meer R, Megiddo I. Impact of visitation and cohorting policies to shield residents from covid-19 spread in care homes: an agent-based model. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49:1105-1112. [PMID: 34245814 PMCID: PMC8264278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the impact of visitation and cohorting policies as well as the care home population size upon the spread of COVID-19 and the risk of outbreak occurrence in this setting. METHODS Agent-based modelling RESULTS: The likelihood of the presence of an outbreak in a care home is associated with the care home population size. Cohorting of residents and staff into smaller, self-contained units reduces the spread of COVID-19. Restricting the number of visitors to the care home to shield its residents does not significantly impact the cumulative number of infected residents and risk of outbreak occurrence in most scenarios. Only when the community prevalence where staff live is considerably lower than the prevalence where visitors live (the former prevalence is less than or equal to 30% of the latter), relaxing visitation increases predicted infections much more significantly than it does in other scenarios. Maintaining a low infection probability per resident-visitor contact helps reduce the effect of allowing more visitors into care homes. CONCLUSIONS Our model predictions suggest that cohorting is effective in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in care homes. However, according to predictions shielding residents in care homes is not as effective as predicted in a number of studies that have modelled shielding of vulnerable population in the wider communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Khanh Ngan Nguyen
- Department of Management Science, Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Susan Howick
- Department of Management Science, Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis McLafferty
- Adult Services, Health & Social Care North Lanarkshire, Motherwell, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Hopkins Anderson
- Department of Management Science, Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Van Der Meer
- Department of Management Science, Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Itamar Megiddo
- Department of Management Science, Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie C Shao
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Surgery, 1808 7th Ave S BDB 202, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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Sonne A, Egholm S, Elgaard L, Breindahl N, Jensen AH, Eskesen V, Lippert F, Waldorff FB, Lohse N, Rasmussen LS. Symptoms presented during emergency telephone calls for patients with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2021; 29:118. [PMID: 34399811 PMCID: PMC8365904 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-021-00934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most critical neurological emergencies a dispatcher can face in an emergency telephone call. No study has yet investigated which symptoms are presented in emergency telephone calls for these patients. We aimed to identify symptoms indicative of SAH and to determine the sensitivity of these and their association (odds ratio, OR) with SAH. Methods This was a nested case–control study based on all telephone calls to the medical dispatch center of Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services in a 4-year time period. Patients with SAH were identified in the Danish National Patient Register; diagnoses were verified by medical record review and their emergency telephone call audio files were extracted. Audio files were replayed, and symptoms extracted in a standardized manner. Audio files of a control group were replayed and assessed as well. Results We included 224 SAH patients and 609 controls. Cardiac arrest and persisting unconsciousness were reported in 5.8% and 14.7% of SAH patients, respectively. The highest sensitivity was found for headache (58.9%), nausea/vomiting (46.9%) and neck pain (32.6%). Among conscious SAH patients these symptoms were found to have the strongest association with SAH (OR 27.0, 8.41 and 34.0, respectively). Inability to stand up, speech difficulty, or sweating were reported in 24.6%, 24.2%, and 22.8%. The most frequent combination of symptoms was headache and nausea/vomiting, which was reported in 41.6% of SAH patients. More than 90% of headaches were severe, but headache was not reported in 29.7% of conscious SAH patients. In these, syncope was described by 49.1% and nausea/vomiting by 37.7%. Conclusion Headache, nausea/vomiting, and neck pain had the highest sensitivity and strongest association with SAH in emergency telephone calls. Unspecific symptoms such as inability to stand up, speech difficulty or sweating were reported in 1 out of 5 calls. Interestingly, 1 in 3 conscious SAH patients did not report headache. Trial registration NCT03980613 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Sonne
- Department of Anaesthesia, section 6011, Center of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 6, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sarita Egholm
- Department of Anaesthesia, section 6011, Center of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 6, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurits Elgaard
- Department of Anaesthesia, section 6011, Center of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 6, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Breindahl
- Department of Anaesthesia, section 6011, Center of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 6, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice Herrlin Jensen
- Department of Anaesthesia, section 6011, Center of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 6, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vagn Eskesen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freddy Lippert
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frans Boch Waldorff
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Lohse
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Simon Rasmussen
- Department of Anaesthesia, section 6011, Center of Head and Orthopaedics, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 6, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Miller-Rushing AJ, Athearn N, Blackford T, Brigham C, Cohen L, Cole-Will R, Edgar T, Ellwood ER, Fisichelli N, Pritz CF, Gallinat AS, Gibson A, Hubbard A, McLane S, Nydick K, Primack RB, Sachs S, Super PE. COVID-19 pandemic impacts on conservation research, management, and public engagement in US national parks. Biol Conserv 2021; 257:109038. [PMID: 34580547 PMCID: PMC8459301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the timing and substance of conservation research, management, and public engagement in protected areas around the world. This disruption is evident in US national parks, which play a key role in protecting natural and cultural resources and providing outdoor experiences for the public. Collectively, US national parks protect 34 million ha, host more than 300 million visits annually, and serve as one of the world's largest informal education organizations. The pandemic has altered park conditions and operations in a variety of ways. Shifts in operational conditions related to safety issues, reduced staffing, and decreased park revenues have forced managers to make difficult trade-offs among competing priorities. Long-term research and monitoring of the health of ecosystems and wildlife populations have been interrupted. Time-sensitive management practices, such as control of invasive plants and restoration of degraded habitat, have been delayed. And public engagement has largely shifted from in-person experiences to virtual engagement through social media and other online interactions. These changes pose challenges for accomplishing important science, management, and public engagement goals, but they also create opportunities for developing more flexible monitoring programs and inclusive methods of public engagement. The COVID-19 pandemic reinforces the need for strategic science, management planning, flexible operations, and online public engagement to help managers address rapid and unpredictable challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Athearn
- Yosemite National Park, National Park Service, Yosemite, CA, USA
| | - Tami Blackford
- Yellowstone National Park, National Park Service, WY, USA
| | - Christy Brigham
- Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, National Park Service, Three Rivers, CA, USA
| | - Laura Cohen
- Acadia National Park, National Park Service, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | | | - Todd Edgar
- National Information Services Center, National Park Service, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Ellwood
- iDigBio, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Colleen Flanagan Pritz
- Air Resources Division, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, National Park Service, Lakewood, CO, USA
| | | | - Adam Gibson
- Acadia National Park, National Park Service, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Andy Hubbard
- Sonoran Desert Inventory and Monitoring Network, National Park Service, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sierra McLane
- Denali National Park and Preserve, National Park Service, AK, USA
| | - Koren Nydick
- Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park, CO, USA
| | | | - Susan Sachs
- Great Smoky Mountains National Park, National Park Service, Gatlinburg, TN, USA
| | - Paul E Super
- Great Smoky Mountains National Park, National Park Service, Gatlinburg, TN, USA
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14
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Yeh JC, Subbiah IM, Dhawan N, Thompson BW, Hildner Z, Jawed A, Prommer E, Sinclair CT. Visitation policies at NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:4895-4898. [PMID: 33796936 PMCID: PMC8016614 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Family/caregiver visitation provides critical support for patients confronting cancer and is associated with positive outcomes. However, the COVID-19 pandemic brought historic disruptions including widespread visitation restrictions. Here, we characterize in-depth the visitor policies of NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers (CCCs) and analyze geographic/temporal patterns across CCCs. Methods The public-facing CCC websites, including archived webpages, were reviewed to abstract initial visitation policies and revisions, including end-of-life (EoL) exceptions and timing of visitation restrictions relative to regional lockdowns. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were employed to analyze associations between geographic region, timing, and severity of restrictions. Results Most CCCs (n=43, 86%) enacted visitation restrictions between March 15 and April 15, 2020. About half barred all visitors for COVID-negative inpatients (n=24, 48%) or outpatients (n=26, 52%). Most (n=36, 72%) prohibited visitors for patients with confirmed/suspected COVID-19. Most (n=40, 80%) published EoL exceptions but the specifics were highly variable. The median time from initial restrictions to government-mandated lockdowns was 1 day, with a wide range (25 days before to 26 days after). There was no association between timing of initial restrictions and geographic location (p=0.14) or severity of inpatient policies (p=1.0), even among centers in the same city. Outpatient policies published reactively (after lockdown) were more restrictive than those published proactively (p=0.04). Conclusion CCCs enacted strict but strikingly variable COVID-19 visitation restrictions, with important implications for patients/families seeking cancer care. A unified, evidence-based approach to visitation policies is needed to balance proven infection control measures with the needs of patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Yeh
- Section of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ishwaria M Subbiah
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1414, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Natasha Dhawan
- Hematology and Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Benjamin W Thompson
- Section of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Prisma Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zachary Hildner
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Areeba Jawed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Supportive Care, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eric Prommer
- UCLA/VA Hospice and Palliative Medicine Program, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian T Sinclair
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Tsay MD, Tseng CC, Wu NX, Lai CY. Size distribution and antibiotic-resistant characteristics of bacterial bioaerosol in intensive care unit before and during visits to patients. Environ Int 2020; 144:106024. [PMID: 32795751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Airborne bacteria in hospitals have been implicated in nosocomial infections. This investigation studied the characteristics of airborne bacteria and the effect of patient visitation on the bacteria profile in intensive care units (ICUs). Air at a medical ICU and surgical ICU was sampled for one year. Airborne bacteria before and during visits to patients in ICUs were collected using a Six-Stage Viable Andersen Cascade Impactor to analyze the concentration and size distribution of airborne bacteria and the percentage thereof that were antibiotic-resistant. During patient visitation in the ICUs in this study, the number of visitors was 20-80. Airborne bacteria concentration during visiting hours (total averaging 168.5 CFU/m3) was three to four times than before visiting hours (p = 0.043). With increasing the visitors, most of the airborne human-associated bacteria (HAB) concentrations during visitations were higher than before visitations in each season. The two-way ANOVA of HAB concentration before and during visitation (p = 0.028) of combining MICU and SICU in various season (p = 0.007) all revealed statistical agreement. The proportion of particles, from 1.1 to 4.7 µm, during the visits was almost 1-2.4 times that before the visits in most sampling periods (p = 0.028). In addition, the opportunistic pathogens such as Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. were found in the air during visiting times. Small proportions of some environmental strains with a high antibiotic-resistance percentage (42-78%), including Brevundimonas spp., Elizabethkingia spp. and others, were detected during patient visitation. Patient visitation activities affect the bacterial profile in air in ICUs. During the visitation, visitors might bring or generate bacteria into ICUs. Limiting the number of patient visitors to ICUs, wearing respirators and gowns or increasing ventilation rate during and after patient visitation is required to maintain indoor air quality and probably decrease the risk of patient infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Dow Tsay
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital (TTMHH), Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chieh Tseng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Nien-Xin Wu
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Mulvaney KK, Atkinson SF, Merrill NH, Twichell JH, Mazzotta MJ. Quantifying Recreational Use of an Estuary: A Case Study of Three Bays, Cape Cod, USA. Estuaries Coast 2020; 43:7-22. [PMID: 32280317 PMCID: PMC7147807 DOI: 10.1007/s12237-019-00645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of the types and number of recreational users visiting an estuary are critical data for quantifying the value of recreation and how that value might change with variations in water quality or other management decisions. However, estimates of recreational use are minimal and conventional intercept surveys methods are often infeasible for widespread application to estuaries. Therefore, a practical observational sampling approach was developed to quantify the recreational use of an estuary without the use of surveys. Designed to be simple and fast to allow for replication, the methods involved the use of periodic instantaneous car counts multiplied by extrapolation factors derived from all-day counts. This simple sampling approach can be used to estimate visitation to diverse types of access points on an estuary in a single day as well as across multiple days. Evaluation of this method showed that when periodic counts were taken within a preferred time window (from 11am-4:30pm), the estimates were within 44 percent of actual daily visitation. These methods were applied to the Three Bays estuary system on Cape Cod, USA. The estimated combined use across all its public access sites is similar to the use at a mid-sized coastal beach, demonstrating the value of estuarine systems. Further, this study is the first to quantify the variety and magnitude of recreational uses at several different types of access points throughout the estuary using observational methods. This work can be transferred to the many small coastal access points used for recreation across New England and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate K. Mulvaney
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sarina F. Atkinson
- Student Services Contractor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nathaniel H. Merrill
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Julia H. Twichell
- ORAU Contractor, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Marisa J. Mazzotta
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
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Dieng H, The CC, Satho T, Miake F, Wydiamala E, Kassim NFA, Hashim NA, Morales Vargas RE, Morales NP. The electronic song "Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites" reduces host attack and mating success in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Acta Trop 2019; 194:93-99. [PMID: 30922800 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sound and its reception are crucial for reproduction, survival, and population maintenance of many animals. In insects, low-frequency vibrations facilitate sexual interactions, whereas noise disrupts the perception of signals from conspecifics and hosts. Despite evidence that mosquitoes respond to sound frequencies beyond fundamental ranges, including songs, and that males and females need to struggle to harmonize their flight tones, the behavioral impacts of music as control targets remain unexplored. In this study, we examined the effects of electronic music (Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites by Skrillex) on foraging, host attack, and sexual activities of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Adults were presented with two sound environments (music-off or music-on). Discrepancies in visitation, blood feeding, and copulation patterns were compared between environments with and without music. Ae. aegypti females maintained in the music-off environment initiated host visits earlier than those in the music-on environment. They visited the host significantly less often in the music-on than the music-off condition. Females exposed to music attacked hosts much later than their non-exposed peers. The occurrence of blood feeding activity was lower when music was being played. Adults exposed to music copulated far less often than their counterparts kept in an environment where there was no music. In addition to providing insight into the auditory sensitivity of Ae. aegypti to sound, our results indicated the vulnerability of its key vectorial capacity traits to electronic music. The observation that such music can delay host attack, reduce blood feeding, and disrupt mating provides new avenues for the development of music-based personal protective and control measures against Aedes-borne diseases.
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Fast CT, Houlihan D, Buchanan JA. Developing the Family Involvement Questionnaire-Long-Term Care: A Measure of Familial Involvement in the Lives of Residents at Long-Term Care Facilities. Gerontologist 2019; 59:e52-e65. [PMID: 29304241 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing measures designed to assess family involvement in the lives of older adults residing in long-term care facilities are basic, using visitation frequency as the prominent gauge of involvement in a situation specific fashion. The purpose of this study was to design and validate a measure of family involvement that could be used to gauge more aspects of family involvement than visitation alone and be useful in a variety of settings for both researchers and long-term care facility administrators. METHODS Long-term facility staff were asked to assist in creating a 40-item questionnaire that used 4-point Likert scales to measure various aspects of family involvement. The finalized Family Involvement Questionnaire-Long-Term Care (FIQ-LTC) was distributed to the family members of older adults residing in long-term care facilities around the country. RESULTS A total of 410 participants responded. Researchers found that the FIQ-LTC was highly reliable (α = .965). Results also indicated that a significant correlation between distance and overall involvement (r = -.121, p = .015) was no longer significant (r = .17, p = .740) when the effect of a question asking the frequency of visitation was controlled for. DISCUSSION These results indicate that existing measures that use visitation frequency as the sole measure of involvement are insufficient. The newly developed FIQ-LTC can serve as a more complete measure of family involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Houlihan
- Department of Psychology, Minnesota State University, Mankato
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Dieng H, Satho T, Binti Arzemi NA, Aliasan NE, Abang F, Wydiamala E, Miake F, Zuharah WF, Abu Kassim NF, Morales Vargas RE, Morales NP, Noweg GT. Exposure of a diurnal mosquito vector to floral mimics: Foraging responses, feeding patterns, and significance for sugar bait technology. Acta Trop 2018; 185:230-238. [PMID: 29856985 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Food location by mosquitoes is mediated by resource-derived olfactory and visual signals. Smell sensation is intermittent and dependent on the environment, whereas visual signals are continual and precede olfactory cues. Success of mosquito bait technology, where olfactory cues are used for attraction, is being impeded by reduced attractiveness. Despite proof that mosquitoes respond to colored objects, including those mimicking floral shape, and that they can discriminate among flowers, the impacts of artificial flowers on foraging remain unexplored. Using artificial flowers with sugar rewards, we examined the foraging responses of Aedes aegypti to various colors in equal choice bioassays. Starved adults were exposed to single flowers with petals of a given color (Single Blue Flowers [SBFs]; Single Red Flowers [SRFs]; Single Yellow Flowers [SYFs]; Single Pink Flowers [SPIFs]; and Single Purple Flowers [SPFs]) and two others with white petals (SWFs). Discrepancies in response time, visitation, feeding, and resting of both sexes were compared between colored flowers and SWFs. Ae. aegypti exhibited shorter response times to colored flowers compared to SWFs, but this behavior was mostly seen for SBFs or SYFs in females, and SRFs, SYFs, SPIFs, or SPFs in males. When provided an option to land on colored flowers and SWFs, female visitation occurred at high rates on SBFs, SRFs, SYFs, SPIFs, and SPFs; for males, this preference for colored flowers was seen to a lesser degree on SBF and SPIFs. Both sexes exhibited preference for colored flowers as sugar sources, but with different patterns: SPIFs, SRFs, SYFs, and SPFs for females; SYFs, SPFs, SPIFs and SRFs for males. Females preferentially rested on colored flowers when in competition with SWFs, but this preference was more pronounced for SPFs, SRFs, and SBFs. Males exhibited an increased preference for SRFs, SPFs, and SYFs as resting sites. Our results indicated the attraction of Ae. aegypti to rewarding artificial flowers, in some cases in ways similar to live flowering plants. The discovery that both male and female Ae. aegypti can feed on nectar mimics held by artificial flowers opens new avenues for improving sugar bait technology and for developing new attract-and-kill devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamady Dieng
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Tomomitsu Satho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | | | - Nur Ezzati Aliasan
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Abang
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Erida Wydiamala
- Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Fumio Miake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Wan Fatma Zuharah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel Tonga Noweg
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
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Dougherty ER, de Valpine P, Carlson CJ, Blackburn JK, Getz WM. Commentary to: a cross-validation-based approach for delimiting reliable home range estimates. Mov Ecol 2018; 6:10. [PMID: 30009032 PMCID: PMC6042211 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-018-0128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continued exploration of the performance of the recently proposed cross-validation-based approach for delimiting home ranges using the Time Local Convex Hull (T-LoCoH) method has revealed a number of issues with the original formulation. MAIN TEXT Here we replace the ad hoc cross-validation score with a new formulation based on the total log probability of out-of-sample predictions. To obtain these probabilities, we interpret the normalized LoCoH hulls as a probability density. The application of the approach described here results in optimal parameter sets that differ dramatically from those selected using the original formulation. The derived metrics of home range size, mean revisitation rate, and mean duration of visit are also altered using the corrected formulation. CONCLUSION Despite these differences, we encourage the use of the cross-validation-based approach, as it provides a unifying framework governed by the statistical properties of the home ranges rather than subjective selections by the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Dougherty
- Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Perry de Valpine
- Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Colin J. Carlson
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, University of Maryland, Annapolis, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jason K. Blackburn
- Spatial Epidemiology and Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Wayne M. Getz
- Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Pineda R, Bender J, Hall B, Shabosky L, Annecca A, Smith J. Parent participation in the neonatal intensive care unit: Predictors and relationships to neurobehavior and developmental outcomes. Early Hum Dev 2018; 117:32-38. [PMID: 29275070 PMCID: PMC5856604 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To 1) define predictors of parent presence, any holding, holding in arms, and skin-to-skin care in the NICU and 2) investigate the relationships between parent participation and a) early neurobehavior and b) developmental outcomes at age 4 to 5years among preterm infants. METHODS Eighty-one preterm infants born ≤32weeks estimated gestational age were prospectively enrolled within one week of life in a level III-IV NICU. Parent (maternal and paternal) presence and holding (including holding in arms and skin-to-skin care) were tracked throughout NICU hospitalization. Neurobehavior at term equivalent age and development at 4 to 5years were determined using standardized assessments. RESULTS The median number of days per week parents were documented to be present over NICU hospitalization was 4.0 (IQR=2.4-5.8) days; days held per week 2.8 (IQR=1.4-4.3) days [holding in arms days per week was 2.2 (IQR=1.2-3.2) days and parent skin-to-skin care days per week was 0.2 (IQR=0.0-0.7) days]. More parent presence was observed among mothers who were Caucasian, married, older, or employed and among those who had fewer children, familial support and provided breast milk (p<0.05). More holding was observed in infants with fewer medical interventions (p<0.05) and among those who were Caucasian, had a father who was employed, had fewer children and family support (p<0.05). More parent holding in the NICU was related to better reflex development at term age (p=0.02). More parent skin-to-skin care was related to better infant reflexes (p=0.03) and less asymmetry (p=0.04) at term and better gross motor development (p=0.02) at 4-5years. DISCUSSION Social and medical factors appear to impact parent presence, holding, and skin-to-skin care in the NICU. Parent holding is related to better developmental outcomes, which highlights the importance of engaging families in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pineda
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - Bailey Hall
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lisa Shabosky
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Anna Annecca
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Joan Smith
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO
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Dougherty ER, Carlson CJ, Blackburn JK, Getz WM. A cross-validation-based approach for delimiting reliable home range estimates. Mov Ecol 2017; 5:19. [PMID: 28904797 PMCID: PMC5586009 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-017-0110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With decreasing costs of GPS telemetry devices, data repositories of animal movement paths are increasing almost exponentially in size. A series of complex statistical tools have been developed in conjunction with this increase in data. Each of these methods offers certain improvements over previously proposed methods, but each has certain assumptions or shortcomings that make its general application difficult. In the case of the recently developed Time Local Convex Hull (T-LoCoH) method, the subjectivity in parameter selection serves as one of the primary impediments to its more widespread use. While there are certain advantages to the flexibility it offers for question-driven research, the lack of an objective approach for parameter selection may prevent some users from exploring the benefits of the method. METHODS Here we present a cross-validation-based approach for selecting parameter values to optimize the T-LoCoH algorithm. We demonstrate the utility of the approach using a case study from the Etosha National Park anthrax system. RESULTS Utilizing the proposed algorithm, rather than the guidelines in the T-LoCoH documentation, results in significantly different values for derived site fidelity metrics. CONCLUSIONS Due to its basis in principles of cross-validation, the application of this method offers a more objective approach than the relatively subjective guidelines set forth in the T-LoCoH documentation and enables a more accurate basis for the comparison of home ranges among individuals and species, as well as among studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Dougherty
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Colin J. Carlson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Jason K. Blackburn
- Spatial Epidemiology and Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Wayne M. Getz
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Feeley N, Genest C, Niela-Vilén H, Charbonneau L, Axelin A. Parents and nurses balancing parent-infant closeness and separation: a qualitative study of NICU nurses' perceptions. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:134. [PMID: 27543122 PMCID: PMC4992200 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When a newborn requires neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization, parent and infant experience an unusual often prolonged separation. This critical care environment poses challenges to parent-infant closeness. Parents desire physical contact and holding and touching are particularly important. Evidence shows that visitation, holding, talking, and skin to skin contact are associated with better outcomes for infants and parents during hospitalization and beyond. Thus, it would be important to understand closeness in this context. The purpose of this study was to explore from nurses' perspective, what do parents and nurses do to promote parent-infant closeness or provoke separation. METHODS Qualitative methods were utilized to attain an understanding of closeness and separation. Following ethics approval, purposive sampling was used to recruit nurses with varying experience working different shifts in NICUs in two countries. Nurses were loaned a smartphone over one work shift to record their thoughts and perceptions of events that occurred or experiences they had that they considered to be closeness or separation between parents and their hospitalized infant. Sample size was determined by saturation (18 Canada, 19 Finland). Audio recordings were subjected to inductive thematic analysis. Team meetings were held to discuss emerging codes, refine categories, and confirm these reflected data from both sites. One overarching theme was elaborated. RESULTS Balancing closeness and separation was the major theme. Both parents and nurses engaged in actions to optimize closeness. They sought closeness by acting autonomously in infant caregiving, assuming decision-making for their infant, seeking information or skills, and establishing a connection in the face of separation. Parents balanced their desire for closeness with other competing demands, such as their own needs. Nurses balanced infant care needs and ability to handle stimulation with the need for closeness with parents. Nurses undertook varied actions to facilitate closeness. Parent, infant and NICU-related factors influenced closeness. Consequences, both positive and negative, arose for parents, infants, and nurses. CONCLUSION Findings point to actions that nurses undertake to promote closeness and help parents cope with separation including: promoting parent decision-making, organizing care to facilitate closeness, and supporting parent caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Feeley
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Canada & Senior Researcher, Jewish General Hospital Centre for Nursing Research & Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Room H 301.1, 5790 Cote des Neiges Rd, Montreal, Quebec H3S 1Y9 , Canada
| | - Christine Genest
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Canada & Senior Researcher, Jewish General Hospital Centre for Nursing Research & Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Room H 301.1, 5790 Cote des Neiges Rd, Montreal, Quebec H3S 1Y9 , Canada
| | - Hannakaisa Niela-Vilén
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 1, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Lyne Charbonneau
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Canada & Senior Researcher, Jewish General Hospital Centre for Nursing Research & Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Room H 301.1, 5790 Cote des Neiges Rd, Montreal, Quebec H3S 1Y9 , Canada
| | - Anna Axelin
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 1, 20014 Turku, Finland
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