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Lee YH, Wu YH, Chen CY, Chiao-Tzu Lee P, Lin TH, Lai CY. Relationship between workplace violence and mental/physical health of security guards during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333139. [PMID: 38469273 PMCID: PMC10925698 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the relationship between workplace violence (WPV) and mental and physical health (MPH) of security guards during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 15 representative security companies across northern, central, and southern Taiwan, and outlying islands from July 2021 to June 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. 1,200 questionnaires were distributed. A total of 1,032 valid questionnaires were collected. Results 13.18% of the participants reported that they had experienced WPV during the COVID-19 pandemic, including physical violence (PhV), psychological violence (PsV), verbal violence (VV), and sexual harassment (SH). The most common violence was VV (54.19%), followed by PsV (20.69%). Community residents and property owners were the primary perpetrators, followed by strangers. The study showed that the security guards who had experienced WPV had higher scores on the 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire (Taiwan version) (CHQ-12), indicating poorer MPH than those who had never experienced WPV. The result showed that VV had strong correlations with the lack of effective communication, dissatisfaction with treatment and service attitude, and work stress. PsV was strongly associated with excessive waiting times. Conclusion There were correlations among PhV, VV, and PsV and they had adverse impacts on MPH, except for SH. The study found that the primary perpetrators of WPV against security guards were community residents and property owners. The causes were the lack of effective communication, dissatisfaction with treatment and service attitude, excessive waiting times, and work stress, which further led to turnover intention and poor MPH. The findings of this study have useful implications and it is recommended to enhance the understanding of workplace violence against security guards and to formulate appropriate local and international strategies to address it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Han Lee
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ying Chen
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Patricia Chiao-Tzu Lee
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Tzu-Hsien Lin
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang KCY, Lee CY, Wu CH, Sung CY, Chen WTL, Ke TW, Liang JA, Lai CY, Hong WZ, Chuang EY, Chao KSC. Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine for Immunologically Cold Microsatellite-stable Colorectal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S71. [PMID: 37784559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have revolutionized management of some cancers but have little benefit for microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer patients (MSS-CRC). This is, in part, due to the low mutations and neoantigen expression in this immunogenically "cold" MSS-CRC. Therefore, we aim to develop novel shared neoantigen-based therapeutic cancer vaccine to reinvigorate antitumor immunity and enhance the therapeutic benefit of radiotherapy in MSS-CRC. MATERIALS/METHODS To identify novel highly expressed and shared neoantigens, we collected 40 match-paired adjacent normal and tumor tissues from MSS-CRC patients for WES-seq, RNA-seq, and liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS). By incorporating these databases, we established Neoantigen Discovery and Validation (NeoDiva) system to identify a cluster of highly expressed and shared neoantigens derived from non-coding regions and evaluate its immunogenicity by HLA-A*11 transgenic mice. We then develop a neoantigen-based therapeutic cancer vaccine by an engineered adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in combination with radiotherapy in MSS-CRC animal model. RESULTS We identified a cluster of highly expressed and shared neoantigens (HLA-A*11-restricted) derived from non-coding regions. The immunogenicity of these novel neoantigens was demonstrated by HLA-A*11 transgenic mice and ex vivo stimulation. Moreover, the engineered AAV-based neoantigen cancer vaccine significantly eradicates cancer cells, prevents distant metastasis, prolong survival period in combination with radiotherapy. By flow cytometry, ELISPOT and MHC-I-tetramer assay, we demonstrated the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was remarkably increased and neoantigen-specific T cell response was enhanced. Moreover, these isolated neoantigen-specific T cells can recognize cancer cells and produce IFNg to kill cancer cells. CONCLUSION Neoantigens identified by our NeoDiVa platform, via the combination of radiotherapy and a novel AAV vaccine delivery system, boosted antigen-specific T-cell function and improve tumor control of limnologically "cold" MSS colorectal cancer in vivo. We are in the process of obtaining an IND and initiating Phase I/II clinical trial to validate safety and efficacy of these exciting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Y Huang
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C Y Lee
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C H Wu
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Y Sung
- National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W T L Chen
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T W Ke
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J A Liang
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C Y Lai
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W Z Hong
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - E Y Chuang
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K S C Chao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin HW, Shen TJ, Chen PY, Chen TC, Yeh JH, Tsou SC, Lai CY, Chen CH, Chang YY. Particulate matter 2.5 exposure induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 617:11-17. [PMID: 35689837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has been linked to ocular surface diseases, yet knowledge of the molecular mechanism impacted on retina pathogenesis is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects and involved factors of PM2.5 exposure in human retinal pigment epithelial APRE-19 cells. Our data revealed a decreased cell viability and an increased migratory ability in APRE-19 cells after PM2.5 stimulation. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein levels were markedly increased while the MMPs regulators TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were significantly reduced in PM2.5-exposed APRE-19 cells. PM2.5 also increased pro-MMP-2 expression in the cell culture supernatants. Additionally, PM2.5 promoted the EMT markers through the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Moreover, the ICAM-1 production was also remarkably increased by PM2.5 but reduced by PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 in APRE-19 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that PM2.5 promotes EMT in a PI3K/AKT/mTOR-dependent manner in the retinal pigment epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Yu Chen
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsuan Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chun Tsou
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Yen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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4
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Hsieh WC, Lai CY, Lin HW, Tu DG, Shen TJ, Lee YJ, Hsieh MC, Chen CC, Han HH, Chang YY. Luteolin attenuates PM2.5-induced inflammatory responses by augmenting HO-1 and JAK-STAT expression in murine alveolar macrophages. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2021.2022605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Che Hsieh
- Chinese Medicine Department, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dom-Gene Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Hsieh
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-Hsuan Han
- College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin HW, Shen TJ, Yang NC, Wang M, Hsieh WC, Chuang CJ, Lai CY, Chang YY. Luteolin Reduces Aqueous Extract PM2.5-induced Metastatic Activity in H460 Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1502-1509. [PMID: 36185331 PMCID: PMC9515691 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.73947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the critical cause of lung cancer and can further promote tumor cell migration and invasion. This study investigated the effects of luteolin, an antiangiogenic flavonoid agent, on blocking aqueous extract PM2.5-prompted cancer progression. We observed that luteolin reduced cell migration and the expression of pro-metastatic factors pro-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in PM2.5-exposed H460 lung cancer cells. Luteolin treatment also reduced the transduction of PM2.5-induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) cascade signaling. Furthermore, the reduction of MMP-2 expression and ICAM-1 production by luteolin in PM2.5-stimulated H460 cells is EGFR-PI3K-AKT pathway dependent. These results suggest that luteolin exhibits antitumor progression by inhibiting EGFR-PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nae-Cherng Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Che Hsieh
- Chinese Medicine Department, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ju Chuang
- Emergency department, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lai CY, Wong MKW, Tong WH, Chu SY, Lau KY, Tan AML, Hui LL, Lao TTH, Leung TY. Effectiveness of a childbirth massage programme for labour pain relief in nulliparous pregnant women at term: a randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 27:405-412. [PMID: 34924363 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of massage for pain relief during labour has been controversial. This study investigated the efficacy of a programme combining intrapartum massage, controlled breathing, and visualisation for non-pharmacological pain relief during labour. METHODS This randomised controlled trial was conducted in two public hospitals in Hong Kong. Participants were healthy low-risk nulliparous Chinese women ≥18 years old whose partners were available to learn massage technique. Recruitment was performed at 32 to 36 weeks of gestation; women were randomised to attend a 2-hour childbirth massage class at 36 weeks of gestation or to receive usual care. The primary outcome variable was the intrapartum use of epidural analgesia or intramuscular pethidine injection. RESULTS In total, 233 and 246 women were randomised to the massage and control groups, respectively. The use of epidural analgesia or pethidine did not differ between the massage and control groups (12.0% vs 15.9%; P=0.226). Linear-by-linear analysis demonstrated a trend whereby fewer women used strong pharmacological pain relief in the massage group, and a greater proportion of women had analgesic-free labour (29.2% vs 21.5%; P=0.041). Cervical dilatation at the time of pethidine/epidural analgesia request was significantly greater in the massage group (3.8 ± 1.7 cm vs 2.3 ± 1.0 cm; P<0.001). CONCLUSION The use of a massage programme appeared to modulate pain perception in labouring women, such that fewer women requested epidural analgesia and a shift was observed towards the use of weaker pain relief modalities; in particular, more women in the massage group were analgesic-free during labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M K W Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W H Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - A M L Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - L L Hui
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T T H Lao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Cheng CW, Sheu GT, Chou JS, Wang PH, Cheng YC, Lai CY. Fine particulate matter PM 2.5 generated by building demolition increases the malignancy of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Chemosphere 2021; 265:129028. [PMID: 33257047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the effects of water-extracted PM2.5 on a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231, by sampling suspended particulates around a building demolition site. METHODS PM2.5 particles were obtained using a high-flow TISCH sampler. Water-soluble PM2.5 were extracted by an ultrasonic oscillator and then freeze-dried. The heavy metal components of soluble PM2.5 was analyzed by ICP-MS. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay for cells that were exposed to PM2.5 (200, 400 and 600 μg/mL). Wound healing and transwell cell migration and invasion assays were used to measure cell motility and the invasiveness of cancer cells that had been exposed to PM2.5 into a chemo-attractant substance. Interrelated mechanisms of cancer malignancy were analyzed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Nearby PM2.5 concentrations increased significantly during the deconstruction of buildings, and the Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr contents of soluble PM2.5 also significantly increased. Following exposure to PM2.5, the survival rate of breast cancer cells was significantly higher than that of the control group. Soluble PM2.5-treated cells had a higher migration capacity. The signaling pathway of FAK/PI3K/AKT proteins was more activated in PM2.5-treated cells than the control group. Increased levels of Aurora B and Bcl-2 were associated with cell proliferation. Elevated levels of cathepsins D, β-catenin, N-cadherin, vimentin and MMP-9 were associated with breast cancer cell metastasis. CONCLUSION Soluble PM2.5 from building demolition may promote/progress in surviving TNBC cells, increasing the malignancy of breast cancer. This study offered evidence of a link between demolition PM2.5 and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Tarng Sheu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Shiuan Chou
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Han Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chun Cheng
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Tsay MD, Tseng CC, Wu NX, Lai CY. Size distribution and antibiotic-resistant characteristics of bacterial bioaerosol in intensive care unit before and during visits to patients. Environ Int 2020; 144:106024. [PMID: 32795751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Airborne bacteria in hospitals have been implicated in nosocomial infections. This investigation studied the characteristics of airborne bacteria and the effect of patient visitation on the bacteria profile in intensive care units (ICUs). Air at a medical ICU and surgical ICU was sampled for one year. Airborne bacteria before and during visits to patients in ICUs were collected using a Six-Stage Viable Andersen Cascade Impactor to analyze the concentration and size distribution of airborne bacteria and the percentage thereof that were antibiotic-resistant. During patient visitation in the ICUs in this study, the number of visitors was 20-80. Airborne bacteria concentration during visiting hours (total averaging 168.5 CFU/m3) was three to four times than before visiting hours (p = 0.043). With increasing the visitors, most of the airborne human-associated bacteria (HAB) concentrations during visitations were higher than before visitations in each season. The two-way ANOVA of HAB concentration before and during visitation (p = 0.028) of combining MICU and SICU in various season (p = 0.007) all revealed statistical agreement. The proportion of particles, from 1.1 to 4.7 µm, during the visits was almost 1-2.4 times that before the visits in most sampling periods (p = 0.028). In addition, the opportunistic pathogens such as Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. were found in the air during visiting times. Small proportions of some environmental strains with a high antibiotic-resistance percentage (42-78%), including Brevundimonas spp., Elizabethkingia spp. and others, were detected during patient visitation. Patient visitation activities affect the bacterial profile in air in ICUs. During the visitation, visitors might bring or generate bacteria into ICUs. Limiting the number of patient visitors to ICUs, wearing respirators and gowns or increasing ventilation rate during and after patient visitation is required to maintain indoor air quality and probably decrease the risk of patient infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Dow Tsay
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital (TTMHH), Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chieh Tseng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Nien-Xin Wu
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Tang YJ, Chang HH, Chiang CY, Lai CY, Hsu MY, Wang KR, Han HH, Chen LY, Lin DPC. A Murine Model of Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis Induced by Continuous Exposure to Particulate Matter 2.5. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2118-2126. [PMID: 31099828 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several pieces of epidemiologic evidence have indicated PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) as a causing factor of allergic conjunctivitis, but without experimental elucidation of mechanism. In the present study, PM2.5 in solution was directly applied to the mouse ocular surface to elucidate whether PM2.5 might cause allergic conjunctivitis, and its underlying mechanisms were analyzed. Methods ICR mice were challenged for 18 consecutive days with eye drops containing PM2.5 at 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8 mg/mL in 0.9% NaCl saline, along with the controls prepared in parallel without PM2.5 and another control group treated with both PM2.5 at 12.8 mg/mL and artificial tears. On day 19, the whole eyes and meibomian glands were harvested for histopathological analyses and assessment of clinical scoring, tear volume, tear breakup time, and tear ferning. Furthermore, goblet cells by periodic acid Schiff stain and infiltrated eosinophils by Giemsa stain were quantified and compared among study groups. Results Clinical scoring showed more eyelid edema, tearing, and scratching behaviors, with longer tear breakup time under the influence of increased PM2.5 concentrations. Tear ferning assay showed less tear crystal formation and decreased crystal branches after exposure to PM2.5. In addition, higher goblet cell density in the upper palpebral conjunctiva and extensive eosinophil infiltration in the entire conjunctiva and in the meibomian glands were induced by PM2.5. Conclusions These results demonstrate that PM2.5 can induce symptoms similar to clinical allergic conjunctivitis and that the murine acute allergic conjunctivitis model can be induced by direct exposure to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Tang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsin Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yen Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - King-Rong Wang
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsuan Han
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yun Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - David Pei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lai CY, Chao HR, Tsai YI, Huang XY, Lin TH. Development and evaluation of a novel personal sampler for PM 1 using rotating porous media. Sci Total Environ 2019; 682:709-718. [PMID: 31141753 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A rotating filtration device (RFD) that is filled with porous media is developed for sampling particulate matter with a diameter of 1 μm or less (PM1). An experiment is conducted on a test system using corn oil as a test aerosol. The RFD was evaluated using an aerodynamic particle sizer. The results yielded cutoff sizes of 1.68 μm and 1.04 μm at rotational speeds of 0 rpm and 9000 rpm, respectively, with foam with 80 pores per inch (ppi), a thickness of 80 mm, and a face velocity of 13.5 cm/s. When the foam was replaced with 94 ppi nickel mesh, the cutoff size decreased from 1.45 μm to 0.98 μm as the thickness increased from 17 to 68 mm. As the face velocity of the RFD increased from 13.5 to 108.3 cm/s, the cutoff size declined from 1.04 μm to 0.77 μm. Most of the changes in the cutoff sizes of the RFD were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The maximum pressure drops through the foam and the nickel mesh were 33.5 and 36.6 mm H2O, respectively. The experiment revealed that increasing the rotational speed and face velocity of the RFD, and the thickness and nominal size of the porous media reduced the penetration of oil aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ying I Tsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xiang-Yu Huang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Lin
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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11
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Gao JJ, Lai CY, Zhang WJ, Yang XF. [A study on alterations in mitochondrial biological characteristics during cellular senescence of human embryonic lung fibroblasts]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 53:309-315. [PMID: 30841673 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the alterations of mitochondrial biological characteristics during both cellular replicative and premature senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEFs). Methods: The premature senescence was induced by 400 μmol/L H(2)O(2) once a day at the same time and with 2 hours each time, after four consecutive days the premature senescence models were classified into premature senescence initiation group (PSi) and premature senescence persistence group (PSp). Based on the life span of HEFs, the cell replicative senescence was divided into five groups included young-age (22 PDL), middle-age (35 PDL), replicative senescence (49 PDL), PSi and PSp. The mitochondrial distribution, relative content, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, the relative mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) as well as mitochondrial DNA methyltransferase 1 (mtDNMT1) mRNA levels, mtDNA copy number, the relative TFAM protein level and the total enzyme activity of mitochondrial DNA methyltransferases (mtDNMTs) were detected in five senescence groups. Results: The mtDNA copy number, 8-OHdG contents, level of mtDNMT1 mRNA and mtDNMTs activity in 49 PDL group were higher than those in 22 PDL group (all P values <0.05); The level of 8-OHdG in PSi was higher than that in 22 PDL group (P<0.05); The ATP contents, mtDNA copy number, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TFAM and mtDNMTs activity of PSp were higher than those in 22 PDL group (all P values<0.05). Conclusion: During the cellular senescence of HEFs, the higher mtDNA copy number and mtDNMTs activity were common features regardless of replicative or premature senescence, with possibility that oxidative stress was involved in modifying the occurrence of premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Gao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - C Y Lai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - W J Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - X F Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center/School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Lin TH, Chen CC, Huang SH, Kuo CW, Lai CY, Lin WY. Filter quality of electret masks in filtering 14.6-594 nm aerosol particles: Effects of five decontamination methods. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186217. [PMID: 29023492 PMCID: PMC5638397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of five decontamination methods on the filter quality (qf) of three commercially available electret masks—N95, Gauze and Spunlace nonwoven masks. Newly developed evaluation methods, the overall filter quality (qf,o) and the qf ratio were applied to evaluate the effectiveness of decontamination methods for respirators. A scanning mobility particle sizer is utilized to measure the concentration of polydispersed particles with diameter 14.6–594 nm. The penetration of particles and pressure drop (Δp) through the mask are used to determine qf and qf,o. Experimental results reveal that the most penetrating particle size (MPS) for the pre-decontaminated N95, Gauze and Spunlace masks were 118 nm, 461 nm and 279 nm, respectively, and the respective penetration rates were 2.6%, 23.2% and 70.0%. The Δp through the pretreated N95 masks was 9.2 mm H2O at the breathing flow rate of heavy-duty workers, exceeding the Δp values obtained through Gauze and Spunlace masks. Decontamination increased the sizes of the most penetrating particles, changing the qf values of all of the masks: qf fell as particle size increased because the penetration increased. Bleach increased the Δp of N95, but destroyed the Gauze mask. However, the use of an autoclave reduces the Δp values of both the N95 and the Gauze mask. Neither the rice cooker nor ethanol altered the Δp of the Gauze mask. Chemical decontamination methods reduced the qf,o values for the three electret masks. The value of qf,o for PM0.1 exceeded that for PM0.1–0.6, because particles smaller than 100 nm had lower penetration, resulting in a better qf for a given pressure drop. The values of qf,o, particularly for PM0.1, reveal that for the tested treatments and masks, physical decontamination methods are less destructive to the filter than chemical methods. Nevertheless, when purchasing new or reusing FFRs, penetration should be regarded as the priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsien Lin
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiu Huang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wen Kuo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chane-Yu Lai
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CYL); (WYL)
| | - Wen-Yinn Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CYL); (WYL)
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13
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Chong SC, Law LK, Hui J, Lai CY, Leung TY, Yuen YP. Expanded newborn metabolic screening programme in Hong Kong: a three-year journey. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23:489-96. [PMID: 28862145 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj176274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No universal expanded newborn screening service for inborn errors of metabolism is available in Hong Kong despite its long history in developed western countries and rapid development in neighbouring Asian countries. To increase the local awareness and preparedness, the Centre of Inborn Errors of Metabolism of the Chinese University of Hong Kong started a private inborn errors of metabolism screening programme in July 2013. This study aimed to describe the results and implementation of this screening programme. METHODS We retrieved the demographics of the screened newborns and the screening results from July 2013 to July 2016. These data were used to calculate quality metrics such as call-back rate and false-positive rate. Clinical details of true-positive and false-negative cases and their outcomes were described. Finally, the call-back logistics for newborns with positive screening results were reviewed. RESULTS During the study period, 30 448 newborns referred from 13 private and public units were screened. Of the samples, 98.3% were collected within 7 days of life. The overall call-back rate was 0.128% (39/30 448) and the false-positive rate was 0.105% (32/30 448). Six neonates were confirmed to have inborn errors of metabolism, including two cases of medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, one case of carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, and three milder conditions. One case of maternal carnitine uptake defect was diagnosed. All patients remained asymptomatic at their last follow-up. CONCLUSION The Centre of Inborn Errors of Metabolism has established a comprehensive expanded newborn screening programme for selected inborn errors of metabolism. It sets a standard against which the performance of other private newborn screening tests can be compared. Our experience can also serve as a reference for policymakers when they contemplate establishing a government-funded universal expanded newborn screening programme in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Chong
- Centre of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - L K Law
- Centre of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - J Hui
- Centre of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - T Y Leung
- Centre of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Y P Yuen
- Centre of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Lai CY, Zauszniewski JA, Tang TC, Hou SY, Su SF, Lai PY. Personal beliefs, learned resourcefulness, and adaptive functioning in depressed adults. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2014; 21:280-7. [PMID: 23750803 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Learned resourcefulness and personal beliefs are significant predictors of adaptive functioning. The mediating effect of personal beliefs on the relationship between learned resourcefulness and adaptive functioning was validated in adults with depression. The findings from this study may provide the basis for developing a useful nursing intervention constituting resourcefulness skills with positive personal beliefs to help patients with depression improve their ability to function well in their daily activities. ABSTRACT Research has shown that patients with depression have difficulty with performing daily tasks and meeting their own personal care needs. According to Beck's cognitive theory of depression, such deficits in adaptive functioning are affected by disturbances in specific personal beliefs that reflect the process of regulating cognitions. Rosenbaum's learned resourcefulness theory proposed that adaptive functioning is influenced by learned resourcefulness, while learned resourcefulness is associated with the process regulating cognitions. This study aims to test the mediating effect of personal beliefs on the relationship between resourcefulness and adaptive functioning. The study involved a cross-sectional design. Participants consisted of 187 adults with depression in southern Taiwan. The data were collected through four instruments: Cognitive Triad Inventory, Self-Control Schedule, modified Community Living Skills Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. Both resourcefulness and personal beliefs were significant predictors of adaptive functioning, and personal beliefs mediated the effect of learned resourcefulness on the adaptive functioning of the adults with depression. The results validate the role played by personal beliefs in effecting learned resourcefulness and adaptive functioning among adults with depression and provide direction for designing nursing interventions that consider personal beliefs when teaching resourcefulness skills to adults with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lai
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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15
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Hsu CC, Pai WY, Lai CY, Lu MW, Her GM. Genetic characterization and in vivo image analysis of novel zebrafish Danio rerio pigment mutants. J Fish Biol 2013; 82:1671-1683. [PMID: 23639161 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the isolation and characterization of a new type of transparent zebrafish Danio rerio mutant called pinky (pk), which has been visually isolated from a spontaneous mutation in a D. rerio colony. The pk larvae possess complex mutations affecting pigmentation because of missing pigment cells or a dramatic reduction in the chromatophore number. The pk displays a totally colourless phenotype and adult body transplant with no other obvious external morphological abnormalities, except for a red retina. The molecular analysis results in several candidate genes, hps1, ap3m2 and rabggta, implicated in the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) genes associated with HPS in pk. To demonstrate its applications of deep-tissue imaging, this study examines green fluorescent protein alone or with other fluorescent proteins to investigate their capability for using multilabelling purposes in live adult pk. In this study, pk is particularly valuable for tissue cell labelling and internal organogenesis studies because of its optical clarity in the adult body.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, No. 66, Sec. 1, Fongsing Rd, Tanzih Township, Taichung County 427, Taiwan
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An FP, Bai JZ, Balantekin AB, Band HR, Beavis D, Beriguete W, Bishai M, Blyth S, Boddy K, Brown RL, Cai B, Cao GF, Cao J, Carr R, Chan WT, Chang JF, Chang Y, Chasman C, Chen HS, Chen HY, Chen SJ, Chen SM, Chen XC, Chen XH, Chen XS, Chen Y, Chen YX, Cherwinka JJ, Chu MC, Cummings JP, Deng ZY, Ding YY, Diwan MV, Dong L, Draeger E, Du XF, Dwyer DA, Edwards WR, Ely SR, Fang SD, Fu JY, Fu ZW, Ge LQ, Ghazikhanian V, Gill RL, Goett J, Gonchar M, Gong GH, Gong H, Gornushkin YA, Greenler LS, Gu WQ, Guan MY, Guo XH, Hackenburg RW, Hahn RL, Hans S, He M, He Q, He WS, Heeger KM, Heng YK, Hinrichs P, Ho TH, Hor YK, Hsiung YB, Hu BZ, Hu T, Hu T, Huang HX, Huang HZ, Huang PW, Huang X, Huang XT, Huber P, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, Jetter S, Ji XL, Ji XP, Jiang HJ, Jiang WQ, Jiao JB, Johnson RA, Kang L, Kettell SH, Kramer M, Kwan KK, Kwok MW, Kwok T, Lai CY, Lai WC, Lai WH, Lau K, Lebanowski L, Lee J, Lee MKP, Leitner R, Leung JKC, Leung KY, Lewis CA, Li B, Li F, Li GS, Li J, Li QJ, Li SF, Li WD, Li XB, Li XN, Li XQ, Li Y, Li ZB, Liang H, Liang J, Lin CJ, Lin GL, Lin SK, Lin SX, Lin YC, Ling JJ, Link JM, Littenberg L, Littlejohn BR, Liu BJ, Liu C, Liu DW, Liu H, Liu JC, Liu JL, Liu S, Liu X, Liu YB, Lu C, Lu HQ, Luk A, Luk KB, Luo T, Luo XL, Ma LH, Ma QM, Ma XB, Ma XY, Ma YQ, Mayes B, McDonald KT, McFarlane MC, McKeown RD, Meng Y, Mohapatra D, Morgan JE, Nakajima Y, Napolitano J, Naumov D, Nemchenok I, Newsom C, Ngai HY, Ngai WK, Nie YB, Ning Z, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oh D, Olshevski A, Pagac A, Patton S, Pearson C, Pec V, Peng JC, Piilonen LE, Pinsky L, Pun CSJ, Qi FZ, Qi M, Qian X, Raper N, Rosero R, Roskovec B, Ruan XC, Seilhan B, Shao BB, Shih K, Steiner H, Stoler P, Sun GX, Sun JL, Tam YH, Tanaka HK, Tang X, Themann H, Torun Y, Trentalange S, Tsai O, Tsang KV, Tsang RHM, Tull C, Viren B, Virostek S, Vorobel V, Wang CH, Wang LS, Wang LY, Wang LZ, Wang M, Wang NY, Wang RG, Wang T, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang YF, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZM, Webber DM, Wei YD, Wen LJ, Wenman DL, Whisnant K, White CG, Whitehead L, Whitten CA, Wilhelmi J, Wise T, Wong HC, Wong HLH, Wong J, Worcester ET, Wu FF, Wu Q, Xia DM, Xiang ST, Xiao Q, Xing ZZ, Xu G, Xu J, Xu J, Xu JL, Xu W, Xu Y, Xue T, Yang CG, Yang L, Ye M, Yeh M, Yeh YS, Yip K, Young BL, Yu ZY, Zhan L, Zhang C, Zhang FH, Zhang JW, Zhang QM, Zhang K, Zhang QX, Zhang SH, Zhang YC, Zhang YH, Zhang YX, Zhang ZJ, Zhang ZP, Zhang ZY, Zhao J, Zhao QW, Zhao YB, Zheng L, Zhong WL, Zhou L, Zhou ZY, Zhuang HL, Zou JH. Observation of electron-antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:171803. [PMID: 22680853 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.171803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment has measured a nonzero value for the neutrino mixing angle θ(13) with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.9 GWth reactors were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (flux-weighted baseline 470 m and 576 m) and one far (1648 m) underground experimental halls. With a 43,000 ton-GWth-day live-time exposure in 55 days, 10,416 (80,376) electron-antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near halls). The ratio of the observed to expected number of antineutrinos at the far hall is R=0.940±0.011(stat.)±0.004(syst.). A rate-only analysis finds sin(2)2θ(13)=0.092±0.016(stat.)±0.005(syst.) in a three-neutrino framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P An
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
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Chen CH, Tsaia PJ, Lai CY, Peng YL, Soo JC, Chen CY, Shih TS. Effects of uniformities of deposition of respirable particles on filters on determining their quartz contents by using the direct on-filter X-ray diffraction (DOF XRD) method. J Hazard Mater 2010; 176:389-394. [PMID: 20006439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, field samplings were conducted in three workplaces of a foundry plant, including the molding, demolding, and bead blasting, respectively. Three respirable aerosol samplers (including a 25-mm aluminum cyclone, nylon cyclone, and IOSH cyclone) were used side-by-side to collect samples from each selected workplace. For each collected sample, the uniformity of the deposition of respirable dusts on the filter was measured and its free silica content was determined by both the DOF XRD method and NIOSH 7500 XRD method (i.e., the reference method). A same trend in measured uniformities can be found in all selected workplaces: 25-mm aluminum cyclone>nylon cyclone>IOSH cyclone. Even for samples collected by the sampler with the highest uniformity (i.e., 25-mm aluminum cyclone), the use of the DOF XRD method would lead to the measured free silica concentrations 1.15-2.89 times in magnitude higher than that of the reference method. A new filter holder should be developed with the minimum uniformity comparable to that of NIOSH 7500 XRD method (=0.78) in the future. The use of conversion factors for correcting quartz concentrations obtained from the DOF XRD method based on the measured uniformities could be suitable for the foundry industry at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hwa Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lin YC, Goto S, Tateno C, Nakano T, Cheng YF, Jawan B, Kao YH, Hsu LW, Lai CY, Yoshizato K, Chen CL. Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in livers following hepatectomy prolongs survival of allogeneic hepatocytes after transplantation. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:2706-8. [PMID: 18929841 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which catalyzes the breakdown of tryptophan into kyneurenine, has immunologic significance for the induction of maternal tolerance and liver allograft tolerance by inhibiting T-cell activation. In the present study, we compared survival of syngeneic or allogeneic hepatocytes in livers with or without hepatectomy. Subsequently, we investigated gene expression and localization of IDO in the recipient liver. METHODS DA and Fisher 344 rats were used in the following experimental groups: group 1, DA hepatocytes transplanted into hepatectomized Fisher 344 rats; group 2, Fisher 344 hepatocytes transplanted into hepatectomized Fisher 344 rats; group 3, DA hepatocytes transplanted into nonhepatectomized Fisher 344 rats; and group 4, Fisher 344 hepatocytes transplanted into nonhepatectomized Fisher 344 rats. After transplantation, the surviving cells were evaluated on day 5. The IDO signal of the recipient liver was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the hepatectomized groups subjected to allogeneic or syngeneic hepatocyte transplantation, the number of surviving hepatocytes was greater than in the nonhepatectomized group after transplantation. The IDO signals (RT-PCR) in the hepatectomized groups were stronger than those in the nonhepatectomized groups. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the IDO signal is located in liver antigen-presenting cells, such as Kupffer cells or dendritic cells, and not expressed in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that IDO is induced in antigen-presenting cells of hepatectomized livers by which subsequently transplanted cells may be protected from rejection by inhibiting indirect or direct recognition of donor antigen and further T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Lin
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplantation Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan
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Hsu LW, Chen CL, Nakano T, Lai CY, Chiang KC, Lin YC, Kao YH, Chen SH, Goto T, Sung WC, Yang CH, Cheng YF, Jawan B, Chiu KW, Goto S. The role of a nuclear protein, histone H1, on signalling pathways for the maturation of dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:576-84. [PMID: 18435805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that liver allograft tolerance is associated with the immunosuppressive activity of anti-histone H1 autoreactive antibodies induced in the serum of liver transplantation. Furthermore, we and others have shown that nuclear proteins such as histone H1 and high mobility group box 1 play an important role in maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), although the precise mechanisms are still unknown. In the present study, we focus upon the significance of histone H1 on DCs in terms of the intracellular signalling pathway of DCs. Our immunostaining and immunoblot studies demonstrated that histone H1 was detected in cytoplasm and culture supernatants upon the activation of DCs. Histone H1 blockage by anti-histone H1 antibody down-regulated the intracellular activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (p38) and IkappaBalpha of DCs, and inhibited DC activity in the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. On the other hand, the addition of histone H1 without endotoxin stimulation up-regulated major histocompatibility complex class II, the CD80 and CD86 surface markers of DCs and the activation of MAPKs (p38 and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2) and IkappaBalpha. These results suggest that the translocation of histone H1 from nuclei to cytoplasm and the release of their own histone H1 are necessary for the maturation of DCs and the activation for T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Hsu
- Liver Transplantation Program and Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Pang SMW, Leung DTN, Leung TY, Lai CY, Lau TK, Chung TKH. Determinants of preference for elective caesarean section in Hong Kong Chinese pregnant women. Hong Kong Med J 2007; 13:100-5. [PMID: 17406036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find the clinical and socio-demographic determinants for Hong Kong Chinese women who preferred elective caesarean section. DESIGN Cross-sectional interview survey. SETTING University teaching hospital, Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS A cohort of consecutive Hong Kong Chinese pregnant women (n=660) attending a government-funded obstetric unit catering deliveries in the New Territories in Hong Kong in 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The clinical and socio-demographic determinants of preference for elective caesarean section, in women who could have a trial of vaginal delivery. RESULTS The overall prevalence for maternal preference for elective caesarean section was 16.7% (95% confidence interval, 13.8-19.6). The factors associated with preferring elective caesarean section were: previous elective caesarean section (odds ratio=7.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-28.7) and previous emergency caesarean section (3.8; 1.8-8.2). Among nulliparous women, the prevalence of preference for elective caesarean section was 16.8% (95% confidence interval, 13.0-20.6). Conception by in-vitro fertilisation was found to be significantly associated with preferring elective caesarean section in nulliparous women (odds ratio=5.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-26.4). CONCLUSION Previous caesarean section and conception by in-vitro fertilisation were determinants for women preferring elective caesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina M W Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Ng PS, Lai CY, Sahota DS, Yuen PM. A double-blind randomized controlled trial of oral misoprostol and intramuscular syntometrine in the management of the third stage of labor. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2006; 63:55-60. [PMID: 16940738 DOI: 10.1159/000095498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol 400 mug with intramuscular syntometrine in the management of the third stage of labor. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Three hundred and fifty-five women randomized to receive either oral misoprostol 400 mug or intramuscular syntometrine in the third stage of labor were studied. The change in hemoglobin level from before to 48 h after delivery, use of additional oxytocics and treatment related side effects were the main outcome measures. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the change in hemoglobin level and mean blood loss. The incidence of shivering was significantly higher in the misoprostol group whilst that of vomiting was significantly higher in the syntometrine group. There were no differences in the incidence of nausea, headache, diarrhea and pyrexia between the two groups. CONCLUSION Orally administered misoprostol at a dose of 400 mug is an acceptable alternative in preventing post-partum blood loss, as measured by the peri-partum change in hemoglobin level and was not associated with an increased incidence of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Chang YT, Liu HN, Shiao YM, Lin MW, Lee DD, Liu MT, Wang WJ, Wu S, Lai CY, Tsai SF. A study of PSORS1C1 gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153:90-6. [PMID: 16029332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although genetic analyses have identified the HLA-Cw*0602 allele as the major risk allele for chronic plaque psoriasis in various ethnic groups, it has been proposed that the association of Cw*0602 is due to linkage disequilibrium and that other nearby genes are involved in susceptibility to psoriasis. The psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 1 (PSORS1C1, formerly SEEK1) gene, located 127 kb telomeric to the HLA-C locus, is considered to be one of the potential candidate genes of psoriasis. Up to the present, no association study of the PSORS1C1 gene has been conducted on Chinese patients with psoriasis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether the genetic polymorphisms of the PSORS1C1 gene were associated with an increased risk of psoriasis in Chinese patients. METHODS We investigated the PSORS1C1 gene for disease association by direct sequencing of the PSORS1C1 gene in 143 Chinese patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and 188 control subjects. Genotyping for HLA-Cw*0602 and the alpha-helix coiled-coil rod homologue (C6orf18, formerly HCR) gene was also carried out using a sequence-based typing method. RESULTS We identified 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the PSORS1C1 gene in our subjects; four of these SNPs cause amino acid change. We also detected poly(C) repeat variants from nucleotide positions 386-392 (poly(C)6-8). The poly(C) repeat polymorphisms cause a frame shift mutation. Another poly(C) repeat variant was also found at nucleotide positions 748-751. No significantly different allelic distributions of the PSORS1C1 SNPs or poly(C) repeat polymorphisms could be found between the patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and controls after correction for multiple testing. However, a significant increase of the Cw*0602 allele and tryptophan-tryptophan allele of the C6orf18 gene (HCR*WW) was found in patients with early onset psoriasis (21.9% vs. 4.8%, P < 10(-7)). Haplotype-based association analysis also showed a susceptibility haplotype carrying Cw*0602 and HCR*WW alleles in early onset Chinese patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the PSORS1C1 gene might not play an important role in the causation of chronic plaque psoriasis in Chinese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Chang
- Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Abstract
Certification tests currently employed by some industrialized nations to certify respirators require that when challenged with air flow at a constant suction head of 25 mmH2O, the leakage into the facepiece from the exhalation valve(s) should not exceed 30 ml min(-1). However, the test alone might not reflect the leakage rate under different levels of vacuum. To study the characteristics of leakage through exhalation valves, a leakage meter was built to measure the leakage rate of four brands of exhalation valves. Seven valves of each brand were tested for leakage rate at pressure drops ranging from 15 to 45 mmH2O (or extended to 75 mmH2O for some valves). Two types of leaks, i.e. fiber insertion and arch dent on the valve seat, were used to investigate the effect of leak shape on the characteristic leak flow as a function of pressure drop. A leakage data point represented a mean value of five measurements. The results showed that the leakage rate could increase or decrease with increasing pressure drop inside the respirators, indicating that the current method of conducting leakage tests, at a constant suction head of 25 mmH2O, does not guarantee better protection than when the respirators are used at a lower suction head. Moreover, based on the sample valves tested in this study, it was found that valve leakage was mostly caused by defects in the valve seats. Both fiber-insertion and arch-dent leaks had either increasing or decreasing characteristic curves, depending on the size of the leak and the material of the valve membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Kuo
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Hwa College of Medical Technology, 89, Wen-Hwa 1st Street, Jen-Te Hsiang, Tainan Hsien, Taiwan 717
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Lin VS, Lai CY, Huang J, Song SA, Xu S. Molecular recognition inside of multifunctionalized mesoporous silicas: toward selective fluorescence detection of dopamine and glucosamine. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:11510-1. [PMID: 11707142 DOI: 10.1021/ja016223m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V S Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Phonological awareness, the ability to analyze spoken language into small sound units, has been shown to be affected by the individual's early orthographic experience (alphabetic vs. non-alphabetic). Past studies, however, have not differentiated the effect of script alphabeticity from that of spoken language experience, which covaries strongly with the phonological properties of the language. The present study compares younger, pre-reading to older, literate children from different linguistic backgrounds on their phonological awareness. Hong Kong and Guangzhou subjects both spoke Cantonese. The latter subjects had early experience with Pinyin (alphabetic) in addition to their logographic Chinese reading; the former read only logographic Chinese. New Zealand subjects spoke English and read the Roman alphabet. Results showed that: (1) the Hong Kong and Guangzhou pre-readers performed very similarly at all levels of phonological awareness; (2) the New Zealand pre-readers outperformed their Hong Kong and Guangzhou counterparts on onset, rime, and coda analyses; (3) the Guangzhou reading children outperformed their Hong Kong counterparts on onset and coda analyses. Whereas finding (3) reflects an effect of alphabeticity in the first learned script, finding (2) in combination with finding (1) indicates an effect of early spoken language experience independent of orthography. The fact that orthographic and spoken language experience both impact on the development of phonological skills implies a mediating function of phonological awareness in integrating sound information derived from reading and perceiving speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cheung
- University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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26
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Wu S, Shiao YM, Lai SM, Lai CY, Chen SP, Chen YF, Sidebottom DA, Hildebrand WH, Chou FC, Tsai MF. New DR5 sequences: a novel DRB1*11122 allele identified in Paiwan tribe members of Taiwan and a corrected sequence for the DRB1*1201 allele. Tissue Antigens 2001; 58:193-7. [PMID: 11703830 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.580310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the identification of a new DRB1 allele using sequence-based typing (SBT). This novel allele, HLA-DRB1*11122, was found in an aboriginal individual (SWP71) from the Paiwan tribe in the southern part of Taiwan. This individual was typed by SBT method as having an HLA genotype of HLA-A*24021/24021, HLA-B*4001/4002, HLA-DRB1*11122/15011, HLA-DRB3*0202, and HLA-DRB5*01011. This new allele differs from DRB1*1112 in the polymorphic exon 2 only at codon 34 (CAA-->CAG; both specify glutamine) and from DRB1*1110 in the exon 2 sequence only at codon 32 (CAT-->TAT; H32T). The most likely candidate allele which is found in the aboriginal populations of Taiwan and which may mutate into this new allele is DRB1*11011. DRB1*11122 allele differs from DRB1*11011 allele in the polymorphic exon 2 at both codon 34 (CAA-->CAG) and codon 37 (TAC-->TTC; T37F). This novel HLA-DRB1*11122 allele was also found in another aboriginal individual (SWP90) from the same Paiwan tribe. This SWP90 individual was typed by SBT method as having an HLA genotype of HLA-A*24021/24021, HLA-B*4002/5502, HLA-DRB1*11122/1201, and HLA-DRB3*01011/0202. However, the original DRB1*1201 sequence from HERLUFF was found to be erroneously reported and the corrected sequence from SWP90 is now presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wu
- Graduate Institute of Human Genetics/Department of Medical Technology, Tzu Chi University, #701, Chung Yang Rd. Section III, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Lin YC, Goto S, Pan TL, Hong YR, Lin CL, Lord R, Chiang KC, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Hsu LW, Iwashita S, Kitano S, Chen CL. Identification of two down-regulated genes in rat liver allografts by mRNA differential display. Transpl Int 2001; 14:153-8. [PMID: 11499904 DOI: 10.1007/s001470100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Total RNA differential display (DD) using random primers was performed for rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) models. DA (RT1a) donor livers were transplanted into DA, PVG (RT1c), and LEW (RT1l) recipients: (1) syngeneic OLT (DA-DA): no rejection occurs; (2) allogeneic OLT (DA-PVG): rejection occurs, but is naturally overcome without immunosuppression; (3) allogeneic OLT (DA-LEW): animals die of acute rejection within 14 days. cDNA was isolated from selected bands, re-amplified for sequencing, and confirmed by Northern blots. Two down-regulated genes were observed in day-7 allogeneic OLT livers (DA-PVG, DA-LEW), while they were consistently expressed in day-7 syngeneic OLT (DA-DA) livers. These two genes were identified as alpha-glutathione sulfotransferase (alpha-GST) Ya gene and estrogen sulfotransferase (EST), respectively. Northern blots confirmed that their expression was down-regulated in OLT (DA-PVG) livers on days 7-26 and gradually restored. The mRNA expression of GST and EST may be good markers to predict rejection or induction of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Lin
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Cheng YF, Chen CL, Lai CY, Chen TY, Huang TL, Lee TY, Lin CL, Lord R, Chen YS, Eng HL, Pan TL, Lee TH, Wang YH, Iwashita Y, Kitano S, Goto S. Assessment of donor fatty livers for liver transplantation. Transplantation 2001; 71:1221-5. [PMID: 11397953 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200105150-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The effect of fatty liver on graft survival, especially with reference to macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis, is still uncertain. This preliminarily study was designed to create a noninvasive method for the quantification of the hepatic fat content in vivo and to establish provisional criteria for the assessment of fatty donor livers before liver transplantation among transplant surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists. METHODS AND MATERIALS Different degrees of rat fatty liver model were established by feeding rats a diet deficient in choline and methionine for different periods of time. Computed tomography (CT) with test tubes containing variable percentages of fat equivalent substance were used to assess the severity of fatty change of the rat liver. This was then correlated with the histological classification, level of hepatic enzymes, and graft survival. RESULTS Linear correlation between the fat volume fraction added to the test tubes and CT density were found. The process of producing a fatty liver via diet alteration peaked at week 3. At this time hepatic enzymes, radiological fat content, and posttransplantation survival were worse (P=0.013), compared with other time points. Radiological assessment of fatty liver correlated well with survival and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvate transaminase levels. CONCLUSION Severe microvesicular steatosis does not influence recipient survival, however, macrovesicular steatosis affects graft survival. Caliber CT is a practical and simple method that allows an accurate noninvasive quantitative assessment of hepatic fatty infiltration. It has potential to be a useful parameter for the assessment of donor livers for clinical liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wu S, Shiao YM, Lai CY, Lai SM, Chen SP, Sidebottom DA, Hildebrand WH, Tilanus MG, Chou FC, Tsai MF. Polymorphism of human HLA-DRB1 antigens generated by genetic exchange between DR2 (DRB1*15011) and DR6 (DRB1*1405) alleles: a novel DRB1 allele (DRB1*1437) identified in a Paiwan tribe member of Taiwan. Tissue Antigens 2001; 57:384-7. [PMID: 11380954 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057004384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the identification of a new DRB1 allele using sequence-based typing (SBT). This novel allele, HLA-DRB1*1437, was found in an aboriginal individual from the Paiwan tribe in the southern part of Taiwan. This individual was typed by SBT method as having an HLA genotype of HLA-A*02011/0203, HLA-B*15011/3901, HLA-DRB1*11011/1437, HLA-DRB3*0202/0202, and HLA-DPB1*0501/1301. This new allele differs from DRB1*1309 in the 5'-end nucleotide sequence of polymorphic exon 2 at codon 16 (CAT-->CAA; H16Q), codon 37 (AAC-->TTC; R37F), codon 47 (TTC-->TAC; F47Y), and codon 58 (GCC-->GCT; both specify alanine). By sequence comparison, it was found that this new allele has a 5'-end sequence (from amino acid residues 7 to 66) identical to that found in the DRB1*1405 allele and a 3'-end sequence (from amino acid residues 58 to 94) identical to that found in the DRB1*15011 allele. Both DRB1*1405 and DRB1*15011 alleles have been identified among the Paiwan members (Note).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wu
- Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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30
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Lin TS, Huang LC, Wang NP, Lai CY. Video-assisted thoracoscopic T2 sympathetic block by clipping for palmar hyperhidrosis: analysis of 52 cases. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2001; 11:59-62. [PMID: 11327127 DOI: 10.1089/109264201750162211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy or sympathicotomy is a standard method in treating palmar hyperhidrosis, but postoperative compensatory sweating may be troublesome in some patients. Therefore, we designed a new technique for only T2 sympathetic blocking by clipping instead of interruption of the sympathetic trunk. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between September 2000 and July 2001, we saw a total of 100 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathetic blocking of the T2 ganglion. All patients were placed in a semisitting position under single-lumen intubated anesthesia. We performed sympathetic blocking by clipping of the T2 ganglion at the level of the second and third rib beds using an 8-mm, 0 degree thoracoscope (Storz). RESULTS We supposed that the postoperative improvement in palmar hyperhidrosis would be perfect. The operation could be accomplished within 30 minutes. All patients were discharged within 4 hours after the operation. Surgical complications were minimal, without surgical mortality. A few patients were willing to receive the reverse operation and should get improvement of compensatory sweating after removal of the endo clips. CONCLUSION We believe that video-assisted thoracoscopic T2 sympathetic block by clipping will be a safe and effective method of treating patients with palmar hyperhidrosis. Compensatory sweating may be improved by the reverse operation: removal of the endo clip.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Lin
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan, ROC. Lin8065cms14.hinet.net
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31
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Pan TL, Goto S, Lord R, Huang YC, Huang CM, Wang PW, Lin YC, Kawamoto S, Ono K, Liao PC, Lin CL, Lai CY, Chang HL, Lan CH, Lee TH, Wang YC, Wu ML, Jawan B, Cheng YF, Chen ST, Chen CL. Proteome analysis in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:156. [PMID: 11266756 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Pan
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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32
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Goto S, Lin YC, Lin CL, Lord R, Lee CM, Pan TL, Chiang KC, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Hsu LW, Huang HY, Lee TH, Yokoyama H, Kitano S, Chen CL. Activation of telomerase by liver transplantation in rats. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2376-7. [PMID: 11120207 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Goto
- Transplantation Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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33
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Pan TL, Chen CL, Lin CL, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Chiang KC, Lin YC, Shu LW, Chen YS, Eng HL, Jawan B, Yokoyama H, Kitano S, Goto S. Ceruloplasmin, a novel candidate as a diagnostic marker for liver function after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2198. [PMID: 11120131 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Pan
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital of Kaohsiung, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
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34
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Chiang KC, Chen CL, Lin CL, Lin YC, Pan TL, Lord R, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Hsu LW, Huang HY, Yokoyama H, Kitano S, Goto S. Expression of clusterin in a rat tolerogenic OLT model. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2333-4. [PMID: 11120188 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Chiang
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Pan TL, Lin CL, Chen CL, Lin YC, Gojo S, Lee TH, Wang YH, Lord R, Lai CY, Tsu LW, Tseng HP, Wu ML, Iwashita Y, Kitano S, Chiang KC, Hashimoto T, Sugioka A, Goto S. Identification of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase nucleotide sequence in a rat liver transplant model. Transpl Immunol 2000; 8:189-94. [PMID: 11147699 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-3274(00)00024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A tryptophan catabolizer, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is highly expressed in the placenta and plays an essential role in maternal tolerance. Recent data have shown that the administration of an IDO inhibitor blocked not only maternal tolerance but also liver allograft tolerance. However, little is known about the induction of IDO in liver allografts, although a gene specific for tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is believed to be expressed in the liver. In the present study, we investigated whether IDO is induced in liver allografts. Synthetic oligonucleotide primers based on the mouse IDO cDNA sequence were used to amplify RNA derived from livers of donor, syngeneic or allogeneic OLT rats. RNA encoding IDO was induced in the rat allogeneic liver after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), but not in syngeneic OLT. The rat nucleotide sequence of the RT-PCR products obtained from OLT livers revealed identities of 89% homology to the mouse IDO and of 68% to the human IDO. This study demonstrated the presence of RNA encoding IDO in allogeneic OLT livers, which may be involved in the immune response after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Pan
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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36
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Chiang KC, Goto S, Chen CL, Lin CL, Lin YC, Pan TL, Lord R, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Hsu LW, Lee TH, Yokoyama H, Kunimatsu M, Chiang YC, Hashimoto T. Clusterin may be involved in rat liver allograft tolerance. Transpl Immunol 2000; 8:95-9. [PMID: 11005314 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-3274(00)00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the possible role of complement inhibitors on tolerance induced by liver allografts. Clusterin, which is a plasma glycoprotein, inhibits cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement by binding to soluble C5b-7 complex. The role of clusterin in relation to the naturally achieved tolerance in a rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has not been investigated before. Here we determined the kinetics of clusterin expression at different post-transplantation time points in a tolerogenic model (DA-PVG) where rejection was naturally overcome without any immunosuppressive drugs in comparison with the syngenic OLT model (DA-DA). Peripheral blood and liver tissues were taken from OLT at various post-operative time points. A strong expression of soluble clusterin was observed on post-transplantation day 7, which occurred at the peak of the rejection in this tolerogenic OLT model. The expression of clusterin remained strong even after tolerance was achieved. The intensity of clusterin expression was much stronger when compared with the syngenic OLT (DA-DA) model after OLT. A strong expression of clusterin mRNA was also observed in the tolerogenic model on post-OLT day (POD) 7 and the expression persisted when compared with the syngenic model on post-OLT day 60. Our data have shown that the strongest levels of clusterin during the reaction phase in tolerogenic OLT may be involved in tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Chiang
- Department of Surgery 1, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
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Abstract
The size range of airborne particles that is closely related to specific deposition regions in the human respiratory tract and excess lung burden of these deposited particles is associated with disease. Size-selective sampling, therefore, needs to be performed to assess the related health risks. Performance criteria applied to these samplers must be well characterized in order to provide accurate and reliable results. The PM10 samplers that have been used in place of the total suspended particulate samplers for the collection of ambient air particles are more relevant to potential inhalation hazards. In order to be certified, a PM10 sampler must meet reliable performance specifications, primarily the aerosol penetration test with liquid and solid particles in a wind tunnel (wind speeds of 2, 8, and 24 km/hr). This testing is intended to assure reasonable accuracy in aerosol measurements. However, the sampler performance under calm air conditions has not been well studied. In the present study, the sampling heads of three devices--the Harvard impactor, the Personal Environmental Monitor (PEM), and the Sierra Andersen model 241 dichotomous sampler PM10 inlet head--were tested for aerosol separation efficiency. With the consideration of bias and imprecision of the measurements, five specimens of each type of sampler were chosen for performance testing, repeating the tests 5 times for each specimen. An ultrasonic atomizing nozzle was used to nebulize potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate and dioctyl phthalate particles as the solid and liquid challenge aerosols, respectively. The aerosol number concentrations and size distributions upstream and downstream of the samplers were measured by using an aerosizer calibrated against a settling velocity chamber. The results showed that among the samplers tested, the dichotomous sampler PM10 inlet head had the best fit to the PM10 convention, while the other two samplers not only appeared to have a steeper separation-curve slope but also had significant particle bounce when challenged with solid particles. Analysis of variance also confirmed the superiority of the dichotomous samplers. Surface-coating with oil or grease greatly reduced the problem of particle bounce.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lai
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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38
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Goto S, Lin YC, Lai CY, Lee CM, Pan TL, Lord R, Chiang KC, Tseng HP, Lin CL, Cheng YF, Yokoyama H, Kitano S, Chen CL. Telomerase activity in rat liver allografts. Transplantation 2000; 69:1013-5. [PMID: 10755570 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200003150-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomerase activity in grafts may be involved in the alteration of cellular senescence after transplantation or its relevant immunological events. METHODS At the age of 20 weeks, donor livers harvested from DA (RT1a) were orthotopically transplanted into PVG (RT1c) or LEW (RT1(1)) rats. Rats having undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT; DA-PVG) naturally overcome rejection, whereas all OLT (DA-LEW) rats die from acute rejection within 14 days. Telomerase activity in liver allografts was measured at various intervals post OLT. RESULTS At day 7 when the most severe rejection episode was observed in OLT (DA-LEW) and OLT (DA-PVG), the telomerase activity was significantly higher than in syngeneic OLT (DA-DA) rats, in which no rejection occurred. Telomerase activity in tolerogenic OLT (DA-PVG) livers remained elevated for at least 2 months. CONCLUSION These results suggest that telomerase activity in allogeneic OLT livers may reflect regenerating hepatocytes or activation of lymphocytes and/or hematopoietic stem cells associated with rejection or tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goto
- Liver Transplantation Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lin G, Lai CY, Liao WC. Molecular recognition by acetylcholinesterase at the peripheral anionic site: structure-activity relationships for inhibitions by aryl carbamates. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2683-9. [PMID: 10658572 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Substituted phenyl-N-butyl carbamates (1-9) are potent irreversible inhibitors of Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase. Carbamates 1-9 act as the peripheral anionic site-directed irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase by the stop-time assay in the presence of a competitive inhibitor, edrophonium. Linear relationships between the logarithms of the dissociation constant of the enzyme inhibitor adduct (Ki), the inactivation constant of the enzyme-inhibitor adduct (k2), and the bimolecular inhibition constant (k(i)) for the inhibition of Electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase by carbamates 1-9 and the Hammett substituent constant (sigma), are observed, and the reaction constants (ps) are -1.36, 0.35 and -1.01, respectively. Therefore, the above reaction may form a positive charged enzyme-inhibitor intermediate at the peripheral anionic site of the enzyme and may follow the irreversible inactivation by a conformational change of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
An outer layer protein of carp fertilization envelope (FE), FEO-1, was purified from carp oocytes. The cDNAs encoding FEO-1 were cloned. The mature protein of FEO-1 is 21 kDa in molecular weight and contains 177 amino acid residues whose sequence has 58% identity to the outer layer protein of chick vitelline membrane. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry show that FEO-1 is expressed in oocytes and liver. In oocytes, FEO-1 is stored in the cortical granules. During cortical reaction, it is exocytosed to the perivitelline space and then gradually added to the outer layer of FE (FE(o)). FEO-1 first appears as discrete deposits along FE(o), then merges to form a continuous layer. The thickness of FE(o) increases as cortical reaction proceeds. In addition to FEO-1, FE(o) contains cystatin, fibroin-like substance (FLS), and cathepsin-like substance (CLS) as well. They are stored in the cortical granules and are exocytosed to FE(o) simultaneously with FEO-1 during cortical reaction. In FE(o), FEO-1 is present in monomer form and can be completely extracted by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-mercaptoethanol (MSH). On the other hand, the cystatin, FLS, and CLS present in FE(o)are cross-linked together. They are partially extracted by SDS-MSH but can be completely extracted by guanidium thiocyanate-lauroylsarcosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pan TL, Goto S, Lin YC, Lord R, Chiang KC, Lai CY, Chen YS, Eng HL, Cheng YF, Tatsuma T, Kitano S, Lin CL, Chen CL. The fas and fas ligand pathways in liver allograft tolerance. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 118:180-7. [PMID: 10540176 PMCID: PMC1905401 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fas and Fas ligand (Fas/FasL) pathways may play a central role in cytotoxicity or immunoregulation in liver transplantation. Here, in an attempt to examine the role of Fas/FasL on drug-free tolerance, we measured mRNA levels of Fas/FasL in livers by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and also protein levels of Fas/FasL in livers by immunohistochemistry and in serum by dot blot assay. PVG recipients bearing DA livers showed serious rejection between post-operative (POD) days 7 and 14, but this rejection was naturally overcome without any immunosuppression. Fas gene and protein products were expressed on almost every cell in livers taken from naive rats, and at any time point in both syngeneic and allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) rats. In contrast, FasL mRNA in DA livers was detectable at POD 2, peaked at POD 14, and declined at POD 63 in allogeneic OLT (DA-PVG). Although the FasL gene was detectable in isografts at POD 14, its expression was much lower than in allografts. The time course and localization of FasL expression indicated that the expression of FasL gradually switched from infiltrating cells to hepatocytes when the rejection was naturally overcome and tolerance was induced in this OLT model. Soluble Fas could constitutively be detected at any time point in the serum of the tolerogenic OLT (DA-PVG) rats and was not diminished during the rejection phase. Soluble FasL peaked at POD 14 in allogeneic OLT, while sFasL was significantly lower in the serum of normal and syngeneic OLT rats. These findings suggest that the Fas and FasL pathways, including soluble forms, may contribute to the control of the immune response in this drug-free tolerance OLT model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Pan
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Programme, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a limited life-span, which is measured by the number of divisions that individual cells complete. Among the many changes that occur as yeasts age are alterations in chromatin-dependent transcriptional silencing. We have genetically manipulated histone deacetylases to modify chromatin, and we have examined the effect on yeast longevity. Deletion of the histone deacetylase gene RPD3 extended life-span. Its effects on chromatin functional state were evidenced by enhanced silencing at the three known heterochromatic regions of the genome, the silent mating type (HM), subtelomeric, and rDNA loci, which occurred even in the absence of SIR3. Similarly, the effect of the rpd3Delta on life-span did not depend on an intact Sir silencing complex. In fact, deletion of SIR3 itself had little effect on life-span, although it markedly accelerated the increase in cell generation time that is observed during yeast aging. Deletion of HDA1, another histone deacetylase gene, did not result in life-span extension, unless it was combined with deletion of SIR3. The hda1Delta sir3Delta resulted in an increase in silencing, but only at the rDNA locus. Deletion of RPD3 suppressed the loss of silencing in rDNA in a sir2 mutant; however, the silencing did not reach the level found in the rpd3Delta single mutant, and RPD3 deletion did not overcome the life-span shortening seen in the sir2 mutant. Deletion of both RPD3 and HDA1 caused a decrease in life-span, which resulted from a substantial increase in initial mortality of the population. The expression of both of these genes declines with age, providing one possible explanation for the increase in mortality during the life-span. Our results are consistent with the loss of rDNA silencing leading to aging in yeast. The functions of RPD3 and HDA1 do not overlap entirely. RPD3 exerts its effect on chromatin at additional sites in the genome, raising the possibility that events at loci other than rDNA play a role in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Abstract
Replicative capacity, which is the number of times an individual cell divides, is the measure of longevity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, a process that involves signaling from the mitochondrion to the nucleus, called retrograde regulation, is shown to determine yeast longevity, and its induction resulted in postponed senescence. Activation of retrograde regulation, by genetic and environmental means, correlated with increased replicative capacity in four different S. cerevisiae strains. Deletion of a gene required for the retrograde response, RTG2, eliminated the increased replicative capacity. RAS2, a gene previously shown to influence longevity in yeast, interacts with retrograde regulation in setting yeast longevity. The molecular mechanism of aging elucidated here parallels the results of genetic studies of aging in nematodes and fruit flies, as well as the caloric restriction paradigm in mammals, and it underscores the importance of metabolic regulation in aging, suggesting a general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Kirchman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Goto S, Vari F, Lord R, Edwards-Smith C, Chiba S, Kobayashi S, Pan TL, Lin YC, Chiang KC, Lai CY, Tatsuma T, Kitano S, Chen CL. Mechanisms of suppression of liver allograft rejection by LSF-1. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:451-2. [PMID: 10083184 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Goto
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a limited life span that can be measured by the number of times individual cells divide. Several genetic manipulations have been shown to prolong the yeast life span. However, environmental effects that extend longevity have been largely ignored. We have found that mild, nonlethal heat stress extended yeast life span when it was administered transiently early in life. The increased longevity was due to a reduction in the mortality rate that persisted over many cell divisions (generations) but was not permanent. The genes RAS1 and RAS2 were necessary to observe this effect of heat stress. The RAS2 gene is consistently required for maintenance of life span when heat stress is chronic or in its extension when heat stress is transient or absent altogether. RAS1, on the other hand, appears to have a role in signaling life extension induced by transient, mild heat stress, which is distinct from its life-span-curtailing effect in the absence of stress and its lack of involvement in the response to chronic heat stress. This distinction between the RAS genes may be partially related to their different effects on growth-promoting genes and stress-responsive genes. The ras2 mutation clearly hindered resumption of growth and recovery from stress, while the ras1 mutation did not. The HSP104 gene, which is largely responsible for induced thermotolerance in yeast, was necessary for life extension induced by transient heat stress. An interaction between mitochondrial petite mutations and heat stress was found, suggesting that mitochondria may be necessary for life extension by transient heat stress. The results raise the possibility that the RAS genes and mitochondria may play a role in the epigenetic inheritance of reduced mortality rate afforded by transient, mild heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
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Chiang KC, Pan TL, Goto S, Lin YC, Lai CY, Liu PP, Chen YS, Wang CC, Chiang YC, Cheng YF, Huang TL, Eng HL, Cheung HK, Jawan B, Chen CL. Differential expression of proteins associated with liver transplantation in Wilson's disease patients. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3263-4. [PMID: 9838442 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Workplace aerosols must be sampled to assess the degree of health hazard caused by the particulate matter. By adjusting the sampling flow rate, most of the samplers can match the 50% cutoff size, but not the slope of the respirable convention defined by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, the International Organization for Standardization, and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Combinations of foams (or other porous material) of different nominal sizes (10-100 ppi) and thicknesses (5-35 mm) were employed to overcome this bias. A foam disk 25 mm in diameter was placed in an asbestos sampling cowl. Dioctylphthalate was the liquid test agent. An aerodynamic particle sizer and an Aerosizer were calibrated against a settling chamber and were employed to measure the aerosol number concentrations and size distributions upstream and downstream of the foams. The sampling efficiency data showed that the 50% cutoff size could be met for foams in series, but that the slope remained sharper than the new definition. Foams in parallel showed great flexibility and many of the parallel combinations flattened the slope, closer to that of the new international respirable convention. For instance, when the total flow rate is set at 10.1 L/min the aerosol penetration through foams in parallel (100 ppi, 20 mm thick, diameter 25 mm + 10 ppi, 20 mm thick, diameter 13 mm) nearly matched the new international standard for respirable fraction. This sampler can be further miniaturized for smaller sampling flow rates to fit the capacity of personal sampling pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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49
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Abstract
Aging is a complex process. It consists of a diverse assortment of seemingly random manifestations that occur in the individual, the mutual relationship and impact on mortality of which is frequently obscure. We derive a simple equation to model the aging process based on scale invariant and increasing change. The solution to this equation indicates that this change itself, irrespective of its quality, is the cause and not simply the effect of aging. This model establishes loss of homeostasis as a fundamental feature of aging. The model is deterministic, but it supports the stochastic nature of age changes. Paradoxically, this model states that a sufficient augmentation of aging processes results in a lack of aging. Experimental evidence in support of this model is presented that spans the levels of population mortality rates, cellular spatial organization, and gene dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jazwinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112, USA.
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Karetsou Z, Sandaltzopoulos R, Frangou-Lazaridis M, Lai CY, Tsolas O, Becker PB, Papamarcaki T. Prothymosin alpha modulates the interaction of histone H1 with chromatin. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:3111-8. [PMID: 9628907 PMCID: PMC147683 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.13.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prothymosin alpha (ProTalpha) is an abundant acidic nuclear protein that may be involved in cell proliferation. In our search for its cellular partners, we have recently found that ProTalpha binds to linker histone H1. We now provide further evidence for the physiological relevance of this interaction by immunoisolation of a histone H1-ProTalpha complex from NIH 3T3 cell extracts. A detailed analysis of the interaction between the two proteins suggests contacts between the acidic region of ProTalpha and histone H1. In the context of a physiological chromatin reconstitution reaction, the presence of ProTalpha does not affect incorporation of an amount of histone H1 sufficient to increase the nucleosome repeat length by 20 bp, but prevents association of all further H1. Consistent with this finding, a fraction of histone H1 is released when H1-containing chromatin is challenged with ProTalpha. These results imply at least two different interaction modes of H1 with chromatin, which can be distinguished by their sensitivity to ProTalpha. The properties of ProTalpha suggest a role in fine tuning the stoichiometry and/or mode of interaction of H1 with chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Karetsou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Medical School, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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