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Dutra PSS, de Camargo MP, Navas-Cortés JA, Amorim L. Variations Among Crop Seasons and Inoculum Availability Have a Higher Impact on Grapevine Rust Epidemics than Training Systems or Plastic Cover. Phytopathology 2024; 114:558-567. [PMID: 37811832 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-23-0082-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Canopy management practices can be effective as part of the integrated management of grapevine diseases. This study aimed to determine whether training systems and plastic covers can contribute to prevent Asian grapevine leaf rust (AGLR) development. Additionally, the influence of crop season and inoculum availability on AGLR development was investigated. Six-season experiments were carried out to characterize 16 epidemics that developed from natural inoculum (NI) or artificial inoculum (AI) sources (NI + AI), conducted in different training systems and with or without the plastic cover. The Richards model was fitted to each AGLR disease progress curve to estimate and compare the onsets and intensities of epidemics using eight curve elements. Principal components analysis (PCA) identified the incidence progress rate, the area under the severity progress curve, final disease severity, time to disease onset, and time to reach the inflection point as the main descriptors for AGLR epidemics. The results showed that AGLR epidemic development was related mainly to differences in inoculum availability and climatic conditions throughout the seasons and to a lower extent to the training system and plastic cover. The earliest disease onset was observed in epidemics when the NI was supplemented with an AI source. Differences in AGRL intensity were correlated to accumulated precipitation, being less severe in autumn-winter than in the spring-summer season. The present findings provided a better understanding of the structure and the seasonal variation of AGLR in cultivar 'Niagara Rosada'. The strategies for reducing and/or delaying inoculum buildup among seasons are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S S Dutra
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, ESALQ, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 235, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Meyriele P de Camargo
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, ESALQ, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 235, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Juan A Navas-Cortés
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Lilian Amorim
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, ESALQ, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 235, 13418-900, Brazil
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Li B, Gschwend AR. Vitis labrusca genome assembly reveals diversification between wild and cultivated grapevine genomes. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1234130. [PMID: 37719220 PMCID: PMC10501149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1234130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Wild grapevines are important genetic resources in breeding programs to confer adaptive fitness traits and unique fruit characteristics, but the genetics underlying these traits, and their evolutionary origins, are largely unknown. To determine the factors that contributed to grapevine genome diversification, we performed comprehensive intragenomic and intergenomic analyses with three cultivated European (including the PN40024 reference genome) and two wild North American grapevine genomes, including our newly released Vitis labrusca genome. We found the heterozygosity of the cultivated grapevine genomes was twice as high as the wild grapevine genomes studied. Approximately 30% of V. labrusca and 48% of V. vinifera Chardonnay genes were heterozygous or hemizygous and a considerable number of collinear genes between Chardonnay and V. labrusca had different gene zygosity. Our study revealed evidence that supports gene gain-loss events in parental genomes resulted in the inheritance of hemizygous genes in the Chardonnay genome. Thousands of segmental duplications supplied source material for genome-specific genes, further driving diversification of the genomes studied. We found an enrichment of recently duplicated, adaptive genes in similar functional pathways, but differential retention of environment-specific adaptive genes within each genome. For example, large expansions of NLR genes were discovered in the two wild grapevine genomes studied. Our findings support variation in transposable elements contributed to unique traits in grapevines. Our work revealed gene zygosity, segmental duplications, gene gain-and-loss variations, and transposable element polymorphisms can be key driving forces for grapevine genome diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea R. Gschwend
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Csótó A, Nagy A, Laurinyecz N, Nagy ZA, Németh C, Németh EK, Csikász-Krizsics A, Rakonczás N, Fontaine F, Fekete E, Flipphi M, Karaffa L, Sándor E. Hybrid Vitis Cultivars with American or Asian Ancestries Show Higher Tolerance towards Grapevine Trunk Diseases. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2328. [PMID: 37375953 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Grape production worldwide is increasingly threatened by grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). No grapevine cultivar is known to be entirely resistant to GTDs, but susceptibility varies greatly. To quantify these differences, four Hungarian grape germplasm collections containing 305 different cultivars were surveyed to determine the ratios of GTDs based on symptom expression and the proportion of plant loss within all GTD symptoms. The cultivars of monophyletic Vitis vinifera L. origin were amongst the most sensitive ones, and their sensitivity was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that of the interspecific (hybrid) cultivars assessed, which are defined by the presence of Vitis species other than V. vinifera (e.g., V. labrusca L., V. rupestris Scheele, and V. amurensis Rupr.) in their pedigree. We conclude that the ancestral diversity of grapes confers a higher degree of resilience against GTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Csótó
- Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Antal Nagy
- Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nóra Laurinyecz
- Institute of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zóra Annamária Nagy
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Badacsony, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-8263 Badacsonytomaj, Hungary
| | - Csaba Németh
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Badacsony, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-8263 Badacsonytomaj, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Krisztina Németh
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology Kecskemét, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Anna Csikász-Krizsics
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Oenology, University of Pécs, H-7634 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nándor Rakonczás
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Florence Fontaine
- Unité Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, USC INRAE 1488, URCA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Erzsébet Fekete
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Michel Flipphi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Sándor
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Vélez MD, Llano-Ramirez MA, Ramón C, Rojas J, Bedoya C, Arango-Varela S, Santa-González GA, Gil M. Antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic effect of an optimized extract of isabella grape ( Vitis labrusca) on breast cancer cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16540. [PMID: 37260897 PMCID: PMC10227348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenolic profile of Isabella grape (Vitis labrusca) offers beneficial properties to human health and makes it a functional food product. In order to better understand the phenolic compounds found in this grape variety and the biological effect they induce on breast cancer cells, an ultrasound-assisted extraction was carried out. During the extraction of polyphenols from Isabella grapes organically grown in Antioquia (Colombia), parameters such as frequency (33 kHz and 40 kHz), time and solvent were optimized to finally obtain a crude extract with antioxidant properties (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, ORAC: 293.22 ± 34.73 μmol of Trolox/g of sample), associated with a total polyphenol content (TPC) of 43.14 ± 5.00 mg GAE/g sample and a total anthocyanin content composed of 17.69 ± 2.59 mg of malvidin-3-glucoside/100 g of sample. MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of the optimized extract, and results show a decrease in cell viability related to mitochondrial membrane depolarization, ROS increase, and chromatin condensation. To determine the possible death induction mechanism, molecular docking was simulated to predict the molecular interactions between the most abundant phenolic compounds in Isabella grape and the main apoptosis-related proteins. The results obtained from in silico and in vitro experiments were consistent with each other, suggesting that the phenolic compounds found in Isabella grape can be considered potential adjuvant chemopreventive agents for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Daniela Vélez
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - María A. Llano-Ramirez
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramón
- Química Básica, Aplicada y Ambiente Alquimia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Jessica Rojas
- Didáctica y Modelamiento en Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas (DAVINCI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Carolina Bedoya
- Food Engineering Research Group, Unilasallista Corporación Universitaria, Caldas 055440, Colombia
| | - Sandra Arango-Varela
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Gloria A. Santa-González
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Maritza Gil
- Química Básica, Aplicada y Ambiente Alquimia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Aplicadas, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050034, Colombia
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Olędzki R, Lutosławski K, Nowicka P, Wojdyło A, Harasym J. Non-Commercial Grapevines Hybrids Fruits as a Novel Food of High Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152216. [PMID: 35892801 PMCID: PMC9331472 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-commercial hybrid grapevine cultivars, usually used for dessert purposes or as ornamental garden plants, may contain a wealth of bioactive substances and thus can be regarded as highly valuable food resources. Antioxidant properties and selected groups of polyphenolic components in the three fractions of fruits: peel, pulp and juice; of five hybrid grape cultivars grown in Poland—Michigan, Alwood, Minnesota, V68021 and Beta—were analyzed and characterized. The liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-PDA-Q/TOF and UPLC-PDA), total polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins, and DPPH, ABTS and FRAP were used for evaluation of antioxidant potential qualitatively and quantitatively as well as simple reductive sugars were measured. The antioxidant activity and polyphenols content depend mainly on the grape fruit fraction, while they depend to a lesser extent on the cultivar of the hybrid grapes studied. It was confirmed that grape skins are characterized by high antioxidant activity and their bioactive characteristics are similar to many hybrid grape cultivars grown in southern and Mediterranean regions of Europe. Especially grape skins of Alwood and Beta cultivars were characterized by a particularly high content of polyphenolic compounds, mainly from the flavonoid and anthocyanin group and a low content of simple sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remigiusz Olędzki
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland;
- Adaptive Food Systems Accelerator-Science Centre, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lutosławski
- Department of Process Management, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Paulina Nowicka
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (P.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Aneta Wojdyło
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Nutraceutical Plant Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (P.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Joanna Harasym
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland;
- Adaptive Food Systems Accelerator-Science Centre, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Schurig J, Ipach U, Helmstätter B, Kling L, Hahn M, Trapp O, Winterhagen P. Selected Genotypes with the Genetic Background of Vitis aestivalis and Vitis labrusca Are Resistant to Xiphinema index. Plant Dis 2021; 105:4132-4137. [PMID: 34110229 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-20-2716-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ectoparasitic nematode Xiphinema index transmits grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) during feeding on grapevine roots, causing fanleaf degeneration in the plant. Hence, resistance breeding is a key to develop novel rootstocks to overcome such threats. In past years, various grapevine species were screened, and a few candidates with partial resistance were identified. However, they were hardly sufficient for viticulture because of their many agronomical defects. To develop reliably resistant rootstocks applicable in viticulture, multiple Vitis spp. genotypes were analyzed using root inoculation with nematodes in glass vials as an early and easy evaluation test. Resistance levels were evaluated 35 days after inoculation based on nematode reproduction factors, focusing on juveniles and eggs. Infection of grapevines with GFLV was analyzed after inoculation with viruliferous X. index. With this fast screening system, putative candidates with resistances against X. index have been identified for future breeding programs. Particularly, genotypes with the genetic background of Vitis aestivalis and Vitis labrusca were found to be nematode-resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schurig
- Institute for Plant Protection, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum Rheinpfalz, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 67435, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ipach
- Institute for Plant Protection, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum Rheinpfalz, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 67435, Germany
| | - Brigitte Helmstätter
- Institute for Plant Protection, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum Rheinpfalz, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 67435, Germany
| | - Lilo Kling
- Institute for Plant Protection, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum Rheinpfalz, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 67435, Germany
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Phytopathology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern 67653, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Siebeldingen 76833, Germany
| | - Patrick Winterhagen
- Institute for Plant Protection, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum Rheinpfalz, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 67435, Germany
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Kurt-Celebi A, Colak N, Hayirlioglu-Ayaz S, Kostadinović Veličkovska S, Ilieva F, Esatbeyoglu T, Ayaz FA. Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity during Berry Development in Black 'Isabel' Grape (Vitis vinifera L. x Vitis labrusca L.). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173845. [PMID: 32847146 PMCID: PMC7503942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapes are one of the most economically important fruits in the world and are of considerable benefit to human health due to their phenolic compounds. The black ‘Isabel’ grape (V. vinifera L. xV. labrusca L.) is widely grown in the Black Sea region of Turkey, where it is attracting increasing interest. The aim of this study was to investigate phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and CUPRAC (CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity)) in the grape during berry development, which has been not reported yet from the region. A trend towards an increase in total phenolic compounds, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant capacity values was observed from un-ripened to overly ripened berries. In addition, anthocyanins in berries and proanthocyanidins seeds were characterized during berry development. Accordingly, malvidin-3-O-glucoside was the major anthocyanin in skin (1.05–1729 mg/kg fresh weight (fw)) and whole berry (0.23–895 mg/kg fw), followed by the content of peonidin-3-O-glucoside (0.98–799 mg/kg fw and 0.15–202 mg/kg fw, respectively). After veraison (onset of ripening or change of color in the grape berries), all proanthocyanidins showed a gradual decrease through ripening. The results showed that anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in the grape showed significant stage-dependent changes with positive or negative strong correlations. Considering the phenolic compounds, an optimum harvest date of the grape might be suggested between mid-September and mid-October (263 and 293 DAFBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Kurt-Celebi
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Biology Graduate Program, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey;
| | - Nesrin Colak
- Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; (N.C.); (S.H.-A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Sema Hayirlioglu-Ayaz
- Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; (N.C.); (S.H.-A.); (F.A.A.)
| | | | - Fidanka Ilieva
- Faculty of Agriculture, University “Goce Delčev”-Štip, 2000 Shtip, Republic of North Macedonia; (S.K.V.); (F.I.)
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+0049-511-762-5589; Fax:+0049-511-762-4927
| | - Faik Ahmet Ayaz
- Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey; (N.C.); (S.H.-A.); (F.A.A.)
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Abstract
Tannins are a group of polyphenols found in fruits, leaves, trees, etc., well known in the leather industry and in apples, persimmons and grapes, because of their capacity to interact with other polyphenols or other components either from the food product or from saliva. Prior to being able to interact with other compounds, tannins have to be extracted from the food matrix, which depends on their chemistry, as well as the chemical structure of other components, such as cell wall material and proteins. Vitis vinifera grapes are commonly grown around the world and are used in winemaking, providing good quality wines with different levels of tannins responsible for the final wine’s astringency. Many studies have focused on tannins extractability and retention with cell wall material, and the reactivity of tannins with proteins in Vitis vinifera grapes and wine, but there are very few reports for other Vitis species. However, depending on the environmental characteristics of certain regions, Vitis hybrid grapes are grown and used to produce wines more and more. This review focuses on the comparison of the chemistry of tannins, and their reactivity with other macromolecules in Vitis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude A. Watrelot
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1054, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-0343
| | - Erin L. Norton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1054, USA;
- Midwest Grape and Wine Industry Institute, Iowa State University, 536 Farm House Lane, Ames, IA 50011-1054, USA
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Moro L, Da Ros A, da Mota RV, Purgatto E, Mattivi F, Arapitsas P. LC-MS untargeted approach showed that methyl jasmonate application on Vitis labrusca L. grapes increases phenolics at subtropical Brazilian regions. Metabolomics 2020; 16:18. [PMID: 31974665 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-1641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitis labrusca L. grapes are largely cultivated in Brazil, but the tropical climate negatively affects the phenols content, especially anthocyanin. According to the projections of the incoming climatic changes, the climate of several viticulture zone might change to tropical. Therefore, researches are focusing on increasing grape phenols content; with methyl jasmonate application (MeJa) is considered a good alternative. OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate with an untargeted approach the metabolic changes caused by the MeJa pre-harvest application on two Vitis labrusca L. cultivars grapes, both of them grown in two Brazilian regions. METHODS Isabel Precoce and Concord grapes cultivated under subtropical climate, in the south and southeast of Brazil, received MeJa pre-harvest treatment. Grape metabolome was extracted and analyzed with a MS based metabolomics protocol by UPLC-HRMS-QTOF. RESULTS Unsupervised data analysis revealed a clear separation between the two regions and the two cultivars, while supervised data analysis revealed biomarkers between the MeJa treatment group and the control group. Among the metabolites positively affected by MeJa were (a) flavonoids with a high degree of methylation at the B-ring (malvidin and peonidin derivatives and isorhamentin) for Isabel Precoce grapes; (b) glucosides of hydroxycinnamates, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin and cis-piceid for Concord grapes; and (c) hydroxycinnamates esters with tartaric acid, and procyanidins for the Southeast region grapes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MeJa can be used as elicitor to secondary metabolism in grapes grown even under subtropical climate, affecting phenolic biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Moro
- Deptartment of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition/FORC - Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessio Da Ros
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Renata Vieira da Mota
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais - EPAMIG, Núcleo Tecnológico Uva e Vinho, Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Deptartment of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition/FORC - Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Lambert C, Lemaire J, Auger H, Guilleret A, Reynaud R, Clément C, Courot E, Taidi B. Optimize, Modulate, and Scale-up Resveratrol and Resveratrol Dimers Bioproduction in Vitis labrusca L. Cell Suspension from Flasks to 20 L Bioreactor. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E567. [PMID: 31817113 PMCID: PMC6963533 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol and its oligomers are biologically active compounds. This work brings new insights for the bioproduction of trans-resveratrol with three dimers, pallidol, trans-ε-viniferin, and trans-δ-viniferin, in cell suspension of Vitis labrusca. Conditions of elicitation by methyl jasmonate were optimized for the production of stilbenes using statistical design of experiment. Bio-production of stilbenes was scaled-up to 5 L and in these conditions, trans-resveratrol concentrations reached 237 mg/L, and for pallidol 114 mg/L. The comparison of different elicitation modes (different elicitors, combination with cyclodextrins or adsorbent resin) allowed to reach particularly high concentrations of target molecules: Resveratrol 6.14 g/L, pallidol 0.90 g/L, δ-viniferin 0.54 g/L, and ε-viniferin 0.50 g/L. Scale-up to 20 L-stirring-bioreactor gave similar growth rates to those observed in shake flask culture, with a high production of resveratrol (4.23 g/L) and δ-viniferin (0.76 g/L). This work provides new strategies for the production of stilbenes in plant cell suspension for biological and commercial evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Lambert
- Givaudan France SAS, Active Beauty, 51110 Pomacle, France; (A.G.); (R.R.)
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 51110 Pomacle, France; (J.L.); (H.A.); (B.T.)
| | - Julien Lemaire
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 51110 Pomacle, France; (J.L.); (H.A.); (B.T.)
| | - Hélène Auger
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 51110 Pomacle, France; (J.L.); (H.A.); (B.T.)
| | - Arnaud Guilleret
- Givaudan France SAS, Active Beauty, 51110 Pomacle, France; (A.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Romain Reynaud
- Givaudan France SAS, Active Beauty, 51110 Pomacle, France; (A.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Christophe Clément
- Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 02, France; (C.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Eric Courot
- Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 02, France; (C.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Behnam Taidi
- LGPM, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 51110 Pomacle, France; (J.L.); (H.A.); (B.T.)
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11
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Troncozo MI, Lješević M, Beškoski VP, Anđelković B, Balatti PA, Saparrat MCN. Fungal transformation and reduction of phytotoxicity of grape pomace waste. Chemosphere 2019; 237:124458. [PMID: 31376696 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) from Vitis labrusca, the main byproduct from "American table wine" production, is recalcitrant to degradation, and its accumulation is a serious problem with negative environmental impacts. In this work, transformation of grape pomace using a steam pretreatment followed by incubation of GP during a 90-day period with six different fungi were evaluated. Several fungi tested reduced the phytotoxicity of water-soluble fraction (WSFd) from steam-pretreated GP after 90 days' incubation to lettuce and tomato seeds. U. botrytis caused the largest effective phytotoxicity reduction of WSFd (used in the concentration range of 10-1.25% p/v) and was the only fungus causing the removal of monoaromatic compounds. Therefore, this procedure with U. botrytis effectively reduces the availability of phytotoxic monoaromatic compounds in GP, which opens a way for the development of guidelines for the management of these wastes and their potential use as organic amendments in agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Troncozo
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 119, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marija Lješević
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoseva 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir P Beškoski
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O.Box 158, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Boban Anđelković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O.Box 158, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pedro A Balatti
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 119, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Centro de Fitopatología-CIDEFI, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CICBA, 60 y 119, CC31, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mario C N Saparrat
- Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 119, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)-CCT-La Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y técnicas (CONICET) Diag, 113 y 61, CC 327, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Botánica Spegazzini, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 53 # 477, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
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12
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Nogueira Júnior AF, Ribeiro RV, Appezzato-da-Glória B, Soares MKM, Rasera JB, Amorim L. Phakopsora euvitis Causes Unusual Damage to Leaves and Modifies Carbohydrate Metabolism in Grapevine. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1675. [PMID: 29018470 PMCID: PMC5623187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Asian grapevine rust (Phakopsora euvitis) is a serious disease, which causes severe leaf necrosis and early plant defoliation. These symptoms are unusual for a strict biotrophic pathogen. This work was performed to quantify the effects of P. euvitis on photosynthesis, carbohydrates, and biomass accumulation of grapevine. The reduction in photosynthetic efficiency of the green leaf tissue surrounding the lesions was quantified using the virtual lesion concept (β parameter). Gas exchange and responses of CO2 assimilation to increasing intercellular CO2 concentration were analyzed. Histopathological analyses and quantification of starch were also performed on diseased leaves. Biomass and carbohydrate accumulation were quantified in different organs of diseased and healthy plants. Rust reduced the photosynthetic rate, and β was estimated at 5.78, indicating a large virtual lesion. Mesophyll conductance, maximum rubisco carboxylation rate, and regeneration of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate dependent on electron transport rate were reduced, causing diffusive and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis. Hypertrophy, chloroplast degeneration of mesophyll cells, and starch accumulation in cells close to lesions were observed. Root carbohydrate concentration was reduced, even at low rust severity. Asian grapevine rust dramatically reduced photosynthesis and altered the dynamics of production and accumulation of carbohydrates, unlike strict biotrophic pathogens. The reduction in carbohydrate reserves in roots would support polyetic damage on grapevine, caused by a polycyclic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael V. Ribeiro
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Marli K. M. Soares
- Department of Epidemiology, Plant Pathology, ESALQ, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Júlia B. Rasera
- Department of Epidemiology, Plant Pathology, ESALQ, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Lilian Amorim
- Department of Epidemiology, Plant Pathology, ESALQ, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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13
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Kurt A, Torun H, Colak N, Seiler G, Hayirlioglu-Ayaz S, Ayaz FA. Nutrient profiles of the hybrid grape cultivar 'Isabel' during berry maturation and ripening. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:2468-2479. [PMID: 27696425 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hybrid grape cultivar 'Isabel' (Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera) is widely grown in the Black Sea region of Turkey and constitutes an important part of the diet of its inhabitants. Phenological and ampelographic studies of the grape have previously been performed, but there are no data concerning nutrient composition. Its nutrient content needs to be investigated to ascertain its potential economic and nutritional uses in the region. RESULTS The concentrations (range, g kg-1 fresh weight) of major soluble sugars (fructose 2.08-79.70; glucose 3.71-66.74) increased and those of organic acids (tartaric acid 0.05-6.60; malic acid 2.38-9.92) decreased in the skin and pulp during ripening. The major fatty acid was linoleic acid in the skin (50.13), pulp (18.11) and seed (704), while the main minerals (dry weight) were potassium (2.70-19.70), followed by phosphorus (0.53-3.40) and calcium (0.42-5.90) in the parts. CONCLUSION Berry maturation and ripening significantly influenced the concentrations of sugars and organic acids the most in the skin and pulp, but did not significantly affect the concentrations of fatty acids and minerals in the 'Isabel' grape. Our findings also suggest an optimal harvest time in terms of levels of the nutrients. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Kurt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hülya Torun
- Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Colak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gerald Seiler
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Sema Hayirlioglu-Ayaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Faik Ahmet Ayaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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14
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Nivelle L, Hubert J, Courot E, Jeandet P, Aziz A, Nuzillard JM, Renault JH, Clément C, Martiny L, Delmas D, Tarpin M. Anti-Cancer Activity of Resveratrol and Derivatives Produced by Grapevine Cell Suspensions in a 14 L Stirred Bioreactor. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030474. [PMID: 28300789 PMCID: PMC6155302 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, resveratrol and various oligomeric derivatives were obtained from a 14 L bioreactor culture of elicited grapevine cell suspensions (Vitis labrusca L.). The crude ethyl acetate stilbene extract obtained from the culture medium was fractionated by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) using a gradient elution method and the major stilbenes contained in the fractions were subsequently identified by using a 13C-NMR-based dereplication procedure and further 2D NMR analyses including HSQC, HMBC, and COSY. Beside δ-viniferin (2), leachianol F (4) and G (4′), four stilbenes (resveratrol (1), ε-viniferin (5), pallidol (3) and a newly characterized dimer (6)) were recovered as pure compounds in sufficient amounts to allow assessment of their biological activity on the cell growth of three different cell lines, including two human skin malignant melanoma cancer cell lines (HT-144 and SKMEL-28) and a healthy human dermal fibroblast HDF line. Among the dimers obtained in this study, the newly characterized resveratrol dimer (6) has never been described in nature and its biological potential was evaluated here for the first time. ε-viniferin as well as dimer (6) showed IC50 values on the three tested cell lines lower than the ones exerted by resveratrol and pallidol. However, activities of the first two compounds were significantly decreased in the presence of fetal bovine serum although that of resveratrol and pallidol was not. The differential tumor activity exerted by resveratrol on healthy and cancer lines was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Nivelle
- Unité Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7369, SFR Cap-Santé FED 4231, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Jane Hubert
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, SFR Cap-Santé FED 4231, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Eric Courot
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Nuzillard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, SFR Cap-Santé FED 4231, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Jean-Hugues Renault
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, SFR Cap-Santé FED 4231, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Christophe Clément
- Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Laurent Martiny
- Unité Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7369, SFR Cap-Santé FED 4231, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Dominique Delmas
- Centre de Recherche Inserm U866, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Michel Tarpin
- Unité Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 7369, SFR Cap-Santé FED 4231, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
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15
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Margraf T, Karnopp AR, Rosso ND, Granato D. Comparison between Folin-Ciocalteu and Prussian Blue Assays to Estimate The Total Phenolic Content of Juices and Teas Using 96-Well Microplates. J Food Sci 2015; 80:C2397-403. [PMID: 26448565 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric assay (FC) is the most widely used assay to estimate the total phenolic content in foods, beverages, herbs and other plant extracts, but many chemical compounds may act as interfering agents, producing inaccurate estimations of the real concentration of phenolic compounds in the matrix. Based on this limitation, the objective of this study was to compare, quantitatively, the Folin-Ciocalteu and Prussian Blue (PB) assays in estimating the total phenolic content in purple grape juices (n = 20; Vitis labrusca L.) and teas (n = 25) from different botanical origins using 96-well microplates. PB assay presented a low limit of detection (PB = 0.27 mg/L; FC = 0.25 mg/L) and quantification (PB = 0.92 mg/L; FC = 0.82 mg/L), showing its suitability in screening the total phenolic content in grape juices and teas. FC and PB assays presented a high association (P < 0.0001) for teas (r = 0.887) and grape juices (r = 0.923). The advantages of PB over FC assay are its simplicity, low time consumption (15 min reaction as compared to 60 min reaction for the FC assay), lower usage of reagents (solutions are prepared in a mM base), and higher selectivity. Additionally, PB assay was proven to be reproducible and repeatable and, therefore, may be used as an alternative to FC assay. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Prussian Blue assay (PB) has been used as an alternative to Folin-Ciocalteu assay (FC) to estimate the total content of phenolic compounds in herbs and some natural products. In our study we showed that the advantages of PB assay over FC are its simplicity, low time consumption (15 min reaction as compared to 60 min reaction for the FC assay), lower usage of reagents (solutions are prepared in a mM base) and higher selectivity as compared to FC assay. Additionally, PB assay was proven to be reproducible and repeatable and, therefore, may be used as an alternative to FC assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Margraf
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Roberto Karnopp
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Neiva Deliberali Rosso
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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16
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Wohlenberg M, Almeida D, Bokowski L, Medeiros N, Agostini F, Funchal C, Dani C. Antioxidant Activity of Grapevine Leaf Extracts against Oxidative Stress Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus and Cerebellum of Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:200-11. [PMID: 26784867 PMCID: PMC4665481 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has become increasingly important to study the beneficial properties of derivatives of grapes and grapevine. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of Vitis labrusca leaf extracts, comparing conventional and organic grapevines, in different brain areas of rats. We used male Wistar rats treated with grapevine leaf extracts for a period of 14 days, and on the 15th day, we administered in half of the rats, mineral oil and the other half, carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). The animals were euthanized by decapitation and the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum were removed to assess oxidative stress parameters and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS) were unchanged. However, CCl₄ induced oxidative damage to proteins in all tissues studied, and this injury was prevented by both extracts. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased by CCl₄ in the cerebral cortex and decreased in other tissues. However, CCl₄ increased catalase (CAT) activity in the cerebellum and decreased it in the cerebral cortex. The SOD/CAT ratio was restored in the cerebellum by both extracts and only in the cerebral cortex by the organic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Wohlenberg
- Centro Universitário Metodista IPA, Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Porto Alegre 90420-060, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Almeida
- Centro Universitário Metodista IPA, Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Porto Alegre 90420-060, Brazil.
| | - Liane Bokowski
- Centro Universitário Metodista IPA, Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Porto Alegre 90420-060, Brazil.
| | - Niara Medeiros
- Centro Universitário Metodista IPA, Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Porto Alegre 90420-060, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Agostini
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Funchal
- Centro Universitário Metodista IPA, Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Porto Alegre 90420-060, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Dani
- Centro Universitário Metodista IPA, Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Porto Alegre 90420-060, Brazil.
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17
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Golden AM, Rose LM, Bird GW. Description of Meloidogyne nataliei n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) from Grape ( Vitis labrusca) in Michigan, with SEM Observations. J Nematol 1981; 13:393-400. [PMID: 19300781 PMCID: PMC2618100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Meloidogyne nataliei n. sp. is described and illustrated from grape (Vitis labrusca) in a declining vineyard at Mattawan, Michigan, USA. Infected grape roots exhibit no hyperplastic symptoms. Females protrude from the roots and are surrounded by a massive egg sac containing many eggs. This new species is distinguishable from other species of the genus especially by its large, striking perineal pattern with, usually, two ropelike separated striae on each side extending laterally from the vulval and anal areas. Among other diagnostic characters are the location of the female excretory pore adjacent to or near the base of the head and the heavy larval stylet averaging about 22 mum in length. Examination of males, females, and larvae with the scanning electron microscope confirmed observations made by optical microscopy and revealed diagnostic and other structures in greater detail. Of particular significance was the nature of the male head, with a massive circular labial disc on which is located a rectangular structure surrounding the oral opening, and the six distinct lips appearing as a rosette in en face view. The known distribution of this new species is presently limited to its original location in Michigan.
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18
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Santo GS, Bolander WJ. Effects of Macroposthonia xenoplax on the growth of Concord grape. J Nematol 1977; 9:215-217. [PMID: 19305597 PMCID: PMC2620243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Concord grape (Vitis labrusca) plants were inoculated with Macroposthonia xenoplax at levels of 100, 1,000, and 10,000 nematodes. After 4 months, plants inoculated with 10,000 M. xenoplax were stunted, and root systems were darker and had fewer feeder roots than those in other treatments. The lower nematode inoculation levels suppressed top growth but did not affect root growth. M. xenoplax reproduced well on Concord grapes.
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