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Liao N, Zhang L, Chen M, Li J, Wang H. The influence mechanism of water level operation on algal blooms in canyon reservoirs and bloom prevention. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169377. [PMID: 38101625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The water level operation of reservoirs affects the spatiotemporal patterns of water quality, light-heat, hydrodynamics and phytoplankton, which have implications for algal bloom prevention. However, the theoretical analysis and practical applications of related research are limited. Based on prototype observations and numerical modeling, data on algae, water level operation and environmental factors in the Zipingpu Reservoir from April and September in 2015 to 2017 and 2020 to 2022 were collected. An in-depth analysis of the causal mechanisms between algal blooms and water level operation was performed, and prevention strategies with practical application assessments were developed. Water level operation control in the reservoir from April to September can be divided into five stages (falling-rising-oscillating-falling-rising), with algal blooms occurring only in the second stage. The rising water level with inflow into the middle layers shapes a closed-loop circulation in the surface waters. This distributes the nutrients that were trapped in the surface layer during the first stage, helping algae avoid to phosphorus limitation and thrive in the closed loop circulation, leading to algal blooms (chlorophyll-a exceeding 10 mg/m3). There is a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between algal blooms and the rapid rise in water levels in the second stage, occurring within a span of three days. To contain the algal bloom, a water level operation limit of rising waters on the third day after a two-day consecutive rise in water level was examined. This was found to be effective after its practical application to the case reservoir in 2022, with chlorophyll-a concentrations consistently below 10 mg/m3. This study unveils the mechanisms through which water level operation affects algal blooms and presents a successful case of bloom prevention. Furthermore, it serves as a valuable reference for the management of canyon reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Linglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Sichuan Province Zipingpu Development Corporation Limited, Chengdu 610091, China
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2
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Hao Z, Wang Q, Wang J, Deng Y, Yan Z, Tian L, Jiang H. Water Level Fluctuations Modulate the Microbiomes Involved in Biogeochemical Cycling in Floodplains. Microb Ecol 2023; 87:24. [PMID: 38159125 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Drastic changes in hydrological conditions within floodplain ecosystems create distinct microbial habitats. However, there remains a lack of exploration regarding the variations in microbial function potentials across the flooding and drought seasons. In this study, metagenomics and environmental analyses were employed in floodplains that experience hydrological variations across four seasons. Analysis of functional gene composition, encompassing nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur metabolisms, revealed apparent differences between the flooding and drought seasons. The primary environmental drivers identified were water level, overlying water depth, submergence time, and temperature. Specific modules, e.g., the hydrolysis of β-1,4-glucosidic bond, denitrification, and dissimilatory/assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, exhibited higher relative abundance in summer compared to winter. It is suggested that cellulose degradation was potentially coupled with nitrate reduction during the flooding season. Phylogenomic analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) unveiled that the Desulfobacterota lineage possessed abundant nitrogen metabolism genes supported by pathway reconstruction. Variation of relative abundance implied its environmental adaptability to both the wet and dry seasons. Furthermore, a novel order was found within Methylomirabilota, containing nitrogen reduction genes in the MAG. Overall, this study highlights the crucial role of hydrological factors in modulating microbial functional diversity and generating genomes with abundant nitrogen metabolism potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qianhong Wang
- Changjiang Nanjing Waterway Engineering Bureau, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zaisheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Linqi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Cai Y, Wang H, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Dong A, Huang R, Zeng Q, Yuan H. Seasonal variation regulate the endogenous phosphorus release in sediments of Shijiuhu Lake via water-level fluctuation. Environ Res 2023; 238:117247. [PMID: 37769833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater lakes undergo substantial alterations of the phosphorus (P) cycle in the water-sediment ecosystem due to thermal change. The impact process of seasonal fluctuation on P cycling in sediments has been scarcely investigated. P forms in sediments from a freshwater lake in China were analyzed using sequential extraction technique. The vertical distribution of soluble reactive P (SRP), Fe2+, and S2- in the interstitial water was measured using diffusion gradient technique (DGT). Fick's Law and DIFS model were used to obtain the diffusion fluxes of SRP and the kinetic parameters in the water-sediment system. The results showed that total P (TP) concentrations in the solid sediments varied from 207.5, 266.6 and 130.3 mg/kg to 614.7, 1053.1, and 687.6 mg/kg in winter, spring, and summer, respectively. The concentrations of individual P forms in spring were higher than those in other seasons, with Fe-bound P (Fe-P) concentration being the highest across all seasons. Notably, significant variations of SRP concentrations were found in the interstitial water between sedimentary depths of approximately 2 cm and 6 cm, particularly in the summer. Furthermore, higher diffusion fluxes of SRP through the interface were found in summer. A stable anaerobic environment failed to develop in spring with high water level, preventing the desorption of solid Fe-P and diffusion of Fe2+ into the water due to the afflux and deposition of P-containing particulate into deeper sediment layers along with organic material. Under extreme high-temperature in summer, decreased rainfall and rising temperatures boosted the activity of aquatic organisms in the water, thereby reducing P fixation by sediments and leading to P release. This process increased the risk of P excess and potential eutrophication in the water. Generally, clarifying the resupplying processes of endogenous P in sediment systems experiencing seasonal variations is critical for eutrophication management of lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Haixiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Tianxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yanwen Zhou
- Nanjing Research Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210013, China
| | - Azhong Dong
- Jiangsu Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Jiangsu Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hezhong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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Shan Y, Fu Y, Wang L, Yao Y. Response of the nitrogen processing bacterial community to water level fluctuation and nitrate availability in an intact marsh soil column. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:111947-111957. [PMID: 37819472 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are known to experience fluctuations in water levels and receive exogenous nitrogen inputs that affect various organisms, including soil microorganisms. To study the impact of these factors on microbial diversity, we collected intact soil columns from a Phragmites australis-dominated site in the Qixing River National Nature Reserve in Northeast China. In a laboratory experiment, we simulated water level fluctuations and exogenous nitrogen inputs to the soil columns and examined the associated changes in the relative abundance of 51 bacterial genera involved in nitrogen cycling processes. Our findings revealed that different bacterial genera exhibited varying relative abundances across treatments. Specifically, Massilia showed the highest total relative abundance at the genus level, while Planctomyces had the second highest, and Campylobacter had the lowest abundance. The DESeq2 model, based on negative binomial distribution, revealed that the tags of bacterial genera were significantly correlated with soil depth, but not with water levels or nitrogen concentrations. However, the addition of a 30 mg/L nitrate solution caused a decrease in the relative abundances of bacterial genera with decreasing water levels, while a 60 mg/L concentration of nitrogen resulted in a decrease and then an increase in the relative abundances of bacterial genera with decreasing water levels. Our study provides valuable insights into the response of nitrogen-cycling bacteria to changes in different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Shan
- Wetland Biodiversity Conservation and Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Wetland Biodiversity Conservation and Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Landscape Architectrue, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yunlong Yao
- Wetland Biodiversity Conservation and Research Center, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China.
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Nsabimana G, Hong L, Yuhai B, de Dieu Nambajimana J, Jinlin L, Ntacyabukura T, Xiubin H. Soil aggregate disintegration effects on soil erodibility in the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Environ Res 2023; 217:114928. [PMID: 36435488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spatial hydrological alterations can affect soil structural stability. Over time, forces induced by water weaken soil aggregates and this has a negative implication to soil health. The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in particular, experienced a long-term hydrological condition and repetitive seasonal water level fluctuations that could affect soil health. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different water levels on soil aggregate disintegration rate over time and its relation to soil erosion susceptibility in water reservoirs. Samples from different elevations (155 m, 160 m, 163 m, 166 m, 172 m, and 180 m) in the water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) were exposed to continuous wet-shaking for 3, 9, 27, 54, and 81 min resulted to different WLF intensity accordingly. The results showed a comparative difference between aggregates size before and after the experiment where micro-aggregates (<0.25 mm) increased with respect to elevations increase. The exponential prediction proved that aggregate stability decreased with the increase of WLF intensity, insisting the effects of continuous hydrological stress to aggregate break-down. A couple of factors definitely confirmed that soil erodibility (k) is primarily determined by disintegration of soil aggregates for the surface soil of the TGR. Despite the fact that Disintegration rate (Dr) and k showed a positive relationship, R2 = 0.73 (p < 0.05), the results showed that the soil properties decreasing Dr also decreases soil erodibility in the study area. Non-effective role of soil organic matter (SOM) for stabilizing soil aggregates was primarily related to water level fluctuations inhibiting decomposition. Relying on the present findings, environmental problems mostly soil erosion in the TGR could be therefore linked to excessive destabilization of soil aggregates. Therefore, the results of this study should play a major role in determining the factors primarily inducing soil erosion in river reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gratien Nsabimana
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Li Hong
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Yuhai
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jean de Dieu Nambajimana
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jinlin
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Tite Ntacyabukura
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - He Xiubin
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
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6
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Liu X, Xu Q. Hydropeaking impacts on riverine plants downstream from the world's largest hydropower dam, the Three Gorges Dam. Sci Total Environ 2022; 845:157137. [PMID: 35803426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydropeaking has become a global issue because of extensive hydropower dam construction worldwide. Yet, its ecological impacts on riverine ecosystems are not well studied. We explored the effects of hydropeaking on riverine plants, based on data from a ~300 km reach downstream of the world's largest hydropower dam, the Three Gorges Dam. We tested three hypotheses relating to hydropeaking impacts on species elevational distributions, assemblage structure and species-specific biomass patterns by generalized linear mixed modelling and joint species distribution modelling. We found that, first, hydropeaking greatly shaped species elevational ranges, leading to expansions of herbs to high elevations and shifting species dominance at low elevations. Secondly, we detected contrasting effects of hydropeaking on assemblage-level characteristics of herbs. The inundation induced by hydropeaking had strong effects on assemblage composition and biomass allocation, where more biomass was allocated to belowground part. Hydropeaking blurred the species richness-biomass relationship, although it had little effect on species richness or plot-level biomass. Thirdly, hydropeaking induced inundation was the most important covariate driving species biomass patterns of riverine plants, although complex species-specific effects were identified, and random effects were often large in fitted models. We concluded that hydropeaking likely acted as a major driver of plant community assembly in rivers with a hydropower dam. Conservation and restoration of riverine plants can benefit from the inclusion of water level management in operational schemes of hydropower dams, especially during the early life history stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
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Shen R, Yang H, Rinklebe J, Bolan N, Hu Q, Huang X, Wen X, Zheng B, Shi L. Seasonal flooding wetland expansion would strongly affect soil and sediment organic carbon storage and carbon-nutrient stoichiometry. Sci Total Environ 2022; 828:154427. [PMID: 35288135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, many non-flooding uplands (NF) and permanent flooding waters (PF) have been turned into seasonal flooding wetlands (SF) at the global scale. This trend could severely threaten global climate system by changing carbon cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, the effects of SF expansion on soil and sediment organic carbon (SOC) storage and carbon-nutrient stoichiometry are far from clearly understood. Therefore, we explored SOC storage and carbon-nutrient stoichiometry among adjacent NF, SF and PF using 817 samples at 0-100 cm depth increment at Poyang Lake and Shengjin Lake in the middle-lower Yangtze River floodplain, China. The SFs of the two lakes were both Carex lakeshore wetlands. The NF of Shengjin Lake was a near-natural forest, while the NF of Poyang Lake was a disturbed grassland. The results showed that SOC storage at SFs of Poyang Lake and Shengjin Lake was 75.61 and 98.01 Mg C/ha at 0-100 cm depth increment. The difference in SOC storage among nearby NF, SF and PF depended on depth and disturbance. SOC storage at SF was equivalent to that at near-natural NF, but was much higher than that at disturbed NF. SOC storage at SF was 12.62%-24.50% higher than that at PF at 0-30 cm depth increment, but was 15.16%-25.87% lower than that at PF at 0-100 cm depth increment. Edaphic carbon and nutrients followed allometric relationships at most sites and C increased faster than N and P along the depth gradients. Carbon-nutrient stoichiometric relationships at SF and PF were similar, and were more coupled than those at near-natural NF. This research illustrates the strong effects of seasonal flooding on SOC sequestration in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and expands our understanding of carbon cycling in these two ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichang Shen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland Conservation and Restoration National Permanent Scientific Research Base, National Ecosystem Research Station of Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Qiwu Hu
- School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xinyun Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiuting Wen
- Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bofu Zheng
- Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Vermaat JE, Biberdžić V, Braho V, Gjoreska BB, Cara M, Dana Z, Đurašković P, Eriksen TE, Hjermann D, Imeri A, Jovanović K, Krizmanić J, Kupe L, Loshkoska T, Kemp JL, Marković A, Patceva S, Rakočević J, Stojanović K, Talevska M, Trajanovska S, Trajanovski S, Veljanoska-Sarafiloska E, Vidaković D, Zdraveski K, Živić I, Schneider SC. Relating environmental pressures to littoral biological water quality indicators in Western Balkan lakes: Can we fill the largest gaps? Sci Total Environ 2022; 804:150160. [PMID: 34798729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Along six transects in each of six lakes across the Western Balkans, we collected data for three groups of littoral biological water quality indicators: epilithic diatoms, macrophytes, and benthic invertebrates. We assessed the relationships between them and three environmental pressures: nutrient load (eutrophication), hydro-morphological alteration of the shoreline, and water level variation, separating the effect of individual lakes and continuous explanatory variables. Lake water total phosphorus concentration (TP) showed substantial variation but was not related to any of the tested biological indicators, nor to any of the tested pressures. We suggest that this may be due to feedback processes such as P removal in the lake littoral zone. Instead, we found that a gradient in surrounding land-use towards increasing urbanization, and a land-use-based estimate of P run-off, served as a better descriptor of eutrophication. Overall, eutrophication and water level fluctuation were most important for explaining variation in the assessed indicators, whereas shoreline hydro-morphological alteration was less important. Diatom indicators were most responsive to all three pressures, whereas macrophyte biomass and species number responded only to water level fluctuation. The Trophic Diatom Index for Lakes (TDIL) was negatively related to urbanization and wave exposure. This indicates that it is a suitable indicator for pressures related to urbanization, although a confounding effect of wave exposure is possible. Invertebrate abundance responded strongly to eutrophication, but the indicator based on taxonomic composition (Average Score Per Taxon) did not. Our results suggest that our metrics can be applied in Western Balkan lakes, despite the high number of endemic species present in some of these lakes. We argue that local water management should focus on abating the causes of eutrophication and water level fluctuation, whilst preserving sufficient lengths of undeveloped shoreline to ensure good water quality in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Vermaat
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Nature Conservation, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O.Box 5003, 1430 Ås, Norway.
| | - Vera Biberdžić
- Natural History Museum of Montenegro, Bećir bega Osmanagića 16, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Vjola Braho
- Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Paisi Vodica, Kodër-Kamza, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Magdalena Cara
- Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Paisi Vodica, Kodër-Kamza, Tirana, Albania
| | - Zamira Dana
- Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Paisi Vodica, Kodër-Kamza, Tirana, Albania
| | - Pavle Đurašković
- Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology, 4th Proleterske brigade 19, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Tor Erik Eriksen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Hjermann
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alma Imeri
- Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Paisi Vodica, Kodër-Kamza, Tirana, Albania
| | - Katarina Jovanović
- Institute of Public Health of Serbia Dr Milan Jovanović Batut, dr Subotića starijeg 5, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Krizmanić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", 43 Takovska, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Lirika Kupe
- Agricultural University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Paisi Vodica, Kodër-Kamza, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Joanna Lynn Kemp
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Marković
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Suzana Patceva
- Hydrobiological Institute Ohrid, Naum Ohridski 50, 6000 Ohrid, Macedonia
| | - Jelena Rakočević
- University of Montenegro, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Biology Department, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Katarina Stojanović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Talevska
- Hydrobiological Institute Ohrid, Naum Ohridski 50, 6000 Ohrid, Macedonia
| | - Sonja Trajanovska
- Hydrobiological Institute Ohrid, Naum Ohridski 50, 6000 Ohrid, Macedonia
| | - Sasho Trajanovski
- Hydrobiological Institute Ohrid, Naum Ohridski 50, 6000 Ohrid, Macedonia
| | | | - Danijela Vidaković
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Konstantin Zdraveski
- Public Institution Galicica National Park, Department of Alternative Activities and Environmental Education, Velestovski pat b.b., 6000 Ohrid, Macedonia
| | - Ivana Živić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Yuan H, Wang H, Zhou Y, Jia B, Yu J, Cai Y, Yang Z, Liu E, Li Q, Yin H. Water-level fluctuations regulate the availability and diffusion kinetics process of phosphorus at lake water-sediment interface. Water Res 2021; 200:117258. [PMID: 34058482 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sequential extraction and in-situ diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) techniques were used to determine phosphorus (P) fractions and high-resolution 2D fluxes of labile PDGT, Fe2+DGT, and S2-DGT in sediment systems. The diffusion fluxes were subsequently calculated for different scenarios. Dynamic diffusion parameters between solid sediment and solution were also fitted using the DIFS (DGT-induced fluxes in sediments) model. The results suggested that Fe-bound P (Fe-P) was the dominant pool which contributed to the resupply potential of P in the water-sediment continuum. Significant upward decreases of labile PDGT, Fe2+DGT, and S2-DGT fluxes were detected in pristine and incubated microcosms. This dominance indicated the more obvious immobilization of labile P via oxidation of both Fe2+ and S2- in oxidic conditions. Additionally, these labile analytes in the microcosms obviously decreased after a 30-day incubation period, indicating that water-level fluctuations can significantly regulate adsorption-desorption processes of the P bound to Fe-containing minerals within a short time. Higher concentrations of labile PDGT, Fe2+DGT, and S2-DGT were measured at the shallow lake region where more drastic water-level variation occurred. This demonstrates that frequent adsorption-desorption of phosphate from the sediment particles to the aqueous solution can result in looser binding on the solid sediment surface and easier desorption in aerobic conditions via the regulation of water levels. Higher R values fitted with DIFS model suggested that more significant desorption and replenishment effect of labile P to the aqueous solution would occur in lake regions with more dramatic water-level variations. Finally, a significant positive correlation between S2-DGT and Fe2+DGT in the sediment indicated that the S2- oxidization under the conditions of low water-level can trigger the reduction of Fe(III) and subsequent release of active P. In general, speaking, frequent water-level fluctuations in the lake over time facilitated the formation and retention of the Fe(II) phase in the sediment, and desorption of Fe coupled P into the aqueous solution when the water level was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Haixiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yanwen Zhou
- Nanjing Research Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210013, China
| | - Bingchan Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yiwei Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Enfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250359, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706 Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hongbin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Pan Y, Zhang Q, Yu Y, Tong Y, Wu W, Zhou Y, Hou W, Yang J. Three-dimensional migration and resistivity characteristics of crude oil in heterogeneous soil layers. Environ Pollut 2021; 268:115309. [PMID: 33152631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An experimentally induced three-dimensional petroleum seepage flume was used to investigate its migration in heterogeneous soil layers and a method for monitoring resistivity was adopted, under conditions of fluctuating water levels and rainfall. The corresponding mechanisms were then analyzed based on the resistivity characteristics and combined with three-dimensional inversion images. Finally, physical and chemical property analysis was conducted to verify the results of resistivity monitoring. The results demonstrated that: (1) In the process of natural oil leakage, the variation of soil resistivity presents a concave shape in the resistivity profile. Thus, oil migration exhibited the following patterns. At first, circular migration front was dominant in a vertical direction. Subsequently, after vertical migration was impeded, lateral migration was dominant. As the crude oil gradually accumulated, the migration front broke through the limitation of lithologic interface and continued vertically. (2) By comparing the two resistivity monitoring methods, namely the Wenner and Pole-pole methods, it was demonstrated that the inversion resistivity measured by Wenner method was closer to the true resistivity, and the resistivity variations were more distinguishable. (3) The resistivity inversion profile demonstrated that the low resistivity anomaly of the crude oil leakage area was related to the low water content of the soil layer in the test area. (4) Fluctuations in water level increased the diffusion range of crude oil beyond the original pollution source area, especially horizontally. (5) Percolation of rainfall caused the water level to rise, and the crude oil was evenly distributed in the soil layers above the capillary zone. (6) Through sample analysis and verification, it was demonstrated that the resistivity method can accurately and intuitively present the characteristics of crude oil migration. These results provide theoretical support for the rapid determination of the migration range and characteristics of crude oil in heterogeneous soil layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Pan
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China; School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yewei Yu
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yihan Tong
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, USA
| | - Youlin Zhou
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Weifen Hou
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jinsheng Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.
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11
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Zhu Z, Chen Z, Li L, Shao Y. Response of dominant plant species to periodic flooding in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China. Sci Total Environ 2020; 747:141101. [PMID: 32771779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced disturbances such as dam construction and regulation often change the duration and frequency of flooding and thus notably influence plant dominance in riparian zones. Even though numerous studies have indicated that the oxidative stress and antioxidative stress systems are essential for plant defenses against adverse flooding stress, the mechanism of vegetation distribution due to hydrological regimes is still unclear. In the current study, the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), which experiences seasonal and anti-seasonal water-level fluctuations, was used to investigate the dominant species. To our knowledge, this is the first study that links molecular-physiological-morphological mechanisms to explore the development of flooding tolerance of dominant riparian species. Physiological traits (e.g., chlorophyll and protein contents), morphological traits (e.g., leaf length), and molecular traits (e.g., enzymatic antioxidant activity and the malondialdehyde content) were analyzed at different water-level gradient zones of the dominant species to evaluate the influence of flooding. To explore the regulation mechanisms of submergence for the vegetation distribution, correlation analysis, PCA (principal component analysis) and laboratory flooding experiments were conducted. The results showed that Cynodon dactylon, which has a rapid antioxidative system, was the dominant species in the riparian zone of the TGR. The leaf length varied significantly along with water level gradients (p < 0.05) with the minimum values appearing in the lowest part of the riparian zone and the maximum values observed in the highest areas. The chlorophyll and protein contents fluctuated in different water level gradient zones, but significant differences were not observed. Within the antioxidative system, catalase was found to be essential for riparian plants in their response to flooding. The current study could provide insight to explore the specific mechanism of resistance for dominant plants to periodic flooding, and the reason why dominant species can survive adverse stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, Yongchuan 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Liu J, Wang D, Zhang J, Liem-Nguyen V, Huang R, Jiang T. Evaluation of Hg methylation in the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir region by using the MeHg/Hg T ratio. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 195:110468. [PMID: 32200146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the recent decade, the hydroelectric reservoir is identified as a methylmercury (MeHg) hotspot and gained much attention. The artificial water level management in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China formed a water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) undergoing flooding drying rotations annually. However, the mercury (Hg) methylation and major geochemical driving factors at different elevations in the WLFZ remain unclear. Here we use total Hg (HgT) normalized MeHg (MeHg/HgT ratio) to evaluate Hg methylation degree in a one-year field study at 155, 165 m elevations in the WLFZ and with >175 m elevation as the reference. Results demonstrate that MeHg/HgT ratio at the WLFZ could reach 4.1% in soils, and both 155 and 165 m elevations have a higher Hg methylation degree than the >175 m elevation. However, the differences in MeHg/HgT ratios both in soils and waters between 155 and 165 m elevations are not significant. This indicates the influence of different submerging periods on the MeHg/HgT at the WLFZ elevations is not observed. The significant correlation between the MeHg/HgT ratio and soil organic carbon (SOC) content implies a MeHg retention in re-exposed soils after flooding. Decoupling of MeHg/HgT ratios between submerged soil and overlying water are found at both elevations and therefore make MeHg/HgT in waters alone cannot be used to evaluate Hg methylation degree in this study. The calculation of HgT and MeHg partitioning coefficient (Kd) found an immobilization of MeHg by submerged soils at the WLFZ during the flooding period. Major geochemical factors, determined through principal component analysis (PCA), in affecting Hg methylation are the redox cycling of sulfur and the distribution of organic matters in the WLFZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Centre for Earth Observation Science, Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Dingyong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Van Liem-Nguyen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Liu C, Du Y, Chen K, Ma S, Chen B, Lan Y. Contrasting exchanges of nitrogen and phosphorus across the sediment-water interface during the drying and re-inundation of littoral eutrophic sediment. Environ Pollut 2019; 255:113356. [PMID: 31610385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High water level fluctuations (WLFs) lead to periodic drying and re-inundation of sediments in the littoral area of eutrophic lakes. In this study, a series of littoral sediment cores were dried for different periods (5-30 d) and rewetted for 48 h. The sediment cores that dried for 30 d were then re-inundated for 90 d. The exchanges of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) across the sediment-water interface (SWI) and the mechanisms were studied. The results showed that ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) fluxes increased after 5-25 d of drying, which was followed by an obvious decrease after 30 d of drying. The decreased NH4+-N fluxes remained at low levels during the 90 d re-inundation period. The soluble reactive P (SRP) fluxes decreased significantly after 15 d of drying. However, further re-inundation increased the SRP fluxes to their initial levels. The decreased water content and porosity, the oxidation of the sediment during drying, and the associated transformations of the N and P fractions in the sediment from drying to re-inundation influenced the exchanges of NH4+-N and SRP across the SWI. The decrease of labile NH4+-N in the sediment during drying was non-reversible, while the transformations between redox sensitive P (Fe-P) and aluminum-bound P were more likely to be reversible from drying to re-inundation. The increase of Fe-P during drying and dissolution of Fe-P during the re-inundation were responsible for the development of SRP fluxes from drying to re-inundation. Therefore, the periodic drying and re-inundation of the littoral eutrophic sediments reduced the release of NH4+-N but accelerated the release of SRP from the sediment. This should be given more consideration for the remediation and management of eutrophication in the lake and other similar lakes with high WLFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Yiheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Kaining Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Shuzhan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Bingfa Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Yuanming Lan
- PowerChina Water Environment Governance, Shenzhen 518000, PR China
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14
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Jin J, Wells SA, Liu D, Yang G, Zhu S, Ma J, Yang Z. Effects of water level fluctuation on thermal stratification in a typical tributary bay of Three Gorges Reservoir, China. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6925. [PMID: 31143545 PMCID: PMC6525588 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiangxi River is a typical tributary of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China. Based on field observations in 2010, thermal stratification was significant in most months of the year. Through field data analysis and numerical simulations, the seasonal and spatial variation of thermal stratification as related to the impact of the operation of TGR were investigated. Thermal stratification was most pronounced from April to September in the Xiangxi River tributary. Air temperature (AT) and water level (WL) were the two dominant variables impacting thermal stratification. AT affected the surface water temperature promoting the formation of thermal stratification, and high WLs in TGR deepened the thermocline depth and thermocline bottom depth. These results provide a preliminary description of the seasonal variation and spatial distribution of thermal stratification, which is important for better understanding how thermal stratification affects algae blooms in Xiangxi River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxiang Jin
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Scott A Wells
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Defu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guolu Yang
- School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Senlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengjian Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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15
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Wang Y, Yin D, Xiang Y, Xu Q, Zhang C, Xie Q, Wang D. A Review of Studies on the Biogeochemical Behaviors of Mercury in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 102:686-694. [PMID: 30859245 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is a relatively large reservoir, and its water level management actions produce a widespread water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ), which has characteristics of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, an integrated overview of current knowledge on Hg behaviors in the TGR, especially the WLFZ, as well as exposure risk to local residents was presented. Hg levels in the TGR were comparable with other natural aquatic systems. WLFZ in the TGR was confirmed to be an environment favorable for Hg methylation by enhancing microbial activity, promoting sulfur cycling and increasing the level of low-molecular-weight organic matters. However, elevated fish Hg concentrations did not follow the impoundment of TGR, indicating no obvious reservoir effect, while it is still noteworthy that frequently consuming fish is likely to be a methylmercury (MeHg) exposure pathway for specific populations e.g. fishermen around the TGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Deliang Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuping Xiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 400715, Chongqing, China.
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Wang J, Chen G, Kang W, Hu K, Wang L. Impoundment intensity determines temporal patterns of hydrological fluctuation, carbon cycling and algal succession in a dammed lake of Southwest China. Water Res 2019; 148:162-175. [PMID: 30368161 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrological control of lakes has been increasingly practiced in many parts of the world, however, the long-term ecological impact of hydrological regulation and their dependence on lake impoundment intensity has been rarely examined. We combined a spatial survey of surface sediments with sediment core analyses to quantify the limnological changes over the last two centuries for an oligo-mesotrophic lake, which was dammed in 1957 and reinforced during 1987-1990, respectively. A water depth inference model constructed from surface sediment clay components was applied to a well-dated sediment core for water level reconstruction. The inferred water depth increased from 6.2 ± 0.9 m to 8.7 ± 1.7 m after dam construction and further to 13.6 ± 2.6 m after dam enforcement, resulting in an increase in the magnitude of water level fluctuation (WLF). Accordingly, bulk sediment C/N ratio and median grain size spiked in ∼1957 and ∼1990, respectively, reflecting a large input of terrestrial sources due to impoundment. With a consistent loss of littoral zone and benthic diatoms over time, a significant decrease in C/N ratio and an abrupt depletion of carbon isotopic signal suggested a shift of carbon transfer towards a pelagic pathway after ∼1990. While there was a significant increase in algal production since ∼1990, the accumulation rate of carbon and nitrogen burial displayed an accelerating drop since ∼1957, reflecting a diluting effect derived from expanding water storage. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in both the ratio between inorganic and organic carbon fluxes and sediment burial of inorganic carbon, reflecting enhanced degradation and low storage of aquatic organic carbon in stratified deep waters since ∼1990. Hydro-morphological variables were found to exert strong impact on diatom communities, with an increasing interplay with nutrient and climate variables over time. While there existed a significant shift of diatom composition in ∼1960, species richness and community dissimilarity showed a significant decrease when water depth was raised to above ∼10 m or the magnitude of WFL was above ∼2 m. Thus, our sediment surveys provide evidence on the significant impact of lake regulation on hydro-morphology, carbon burial and ecological shift over time, as well as its stronger interaction with other forcing with increased impoundment intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyuan Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environment Change, School of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environment Change, School of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.
| | - Wengang Kang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environment Change, School of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Kui Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environment Change, School of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
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17
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Ortiz Lledó Á, Vidal Mateo J, Urios Moliner V. Reproductive success of Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida in eastern Spain in relation to water level variation. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4548. [PMID: 29686942 PMCID: PMC5911388 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A study on the Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida was carried out between 2002 and 2009 in wetlands of eastern Spain to evaluate how water level fluctuation affects its reproductive success (hatching, fledgling and breeding success). This species is catalogued as Vulnerable in Spain and has an unfavorable conservation status in Europe. Methods Our study includes 18 sampling areas from five wetlands, covering a total of 663 nests, 1,618 eggs, 777 nestlings and 225 fledglings. The colonies were visited at least twice per week in breeding period. The number of eggs and/or nestlings present in each nest were annotated each time the colonies were visited with the aim to compare the evolution of these parameters with time. Hatching success was calculated as the proportion of egg that hatched successfully. Fledgling success and breeding success were calculated as the proportion of chicks that fledged successfully and the proportion of eggs that produced fledglings. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test to analyze the differences in the dependent variables hatching, fledgling and breeding success among the wetlands and the sampling areas. We explored the relationship between the different reproductive success with the average fluctuation rate and the anchoring depth of nests, using statistics of the linear regression. Results It was observed that the reproductive success varied significantly in the interaction among the different categories of water level fluctuation and the different areas (using the Kruskal-Wallis test). Our records showed that pronounced variations in water level destroyed several nests, which affected the Whiskered Tern reproductive success. Considering all events that occurred in 18 areas, the mean (±SD) of nests, eggs and nestlings that were lost after water level fluctuations were of 25.60 ± 21.79%, 32.06 ± 27.58% and 31.91 ± 21.28% respectively, also including the effects of rain and predation. Discussion Unfavorable climatic events, such as strong wind, rain or hail, also caused the loss of nests, eggs and nestlings, even when wetland water levels remained constant. The influence of the anchorage depth of the nest and the water level fluctuation rate were analyzed and did not provide statistically significant results. It was not possible to establish a clear pattern on these latter variables, so further studies are needed to obtain more significant results. We propose to undertake similar studies in wetlands where the water level can be regulated, with the range of nest anchorage depth on the emergent vegetation being between 30 and 60 cm, which could improve the reproductive success in this kind of habitats. As recommendation, in water level controlled wetlands (that use sluices), it should not vary more than ±6 cm in a short time (1-2 days) once the nests are established since it negatively affects their reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Ortiz Lledó
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Vidal Mateo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Vicente Urios Moliner
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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18
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Nedrich SM, Burton GA. Indirect effects of climate change on zinc cycling in sediments: The role of changing water levels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:2456-2464. [PMID: 28262986 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased variability in lake and river water levels associated with changing climate could impact the fate and effects of metals in redox-sensitive sediments through the alteration of microbial communities and of acid-base and redox chemistry. The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of water level fluctuation on metal speciation in porewater and predict environmental risk to high-carbonate systems. Using experimental microcosms with sediments collected from 4 metal-contaminated coastal freshwater wetlands in Michigan, USA, we conducted water level fluctuation experiments. Porewater and sediment metals (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn) and important metal binding phases (iron-oxide speciation, acid-volatile sulfide) were quantified. In a short-term drying (seiche) experiment, there were decreases in all porewater metals after inundation of saturated sediments. During a drought experiment, re-inundation of oxidized sediments increased porewater Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca for most sites. Porewater Zn increased after inundation to levels exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency threshold for chronic toxicity. These data show that the dissolution of metal carbonates and metal sulfates contributes to metal release after re-flooding and indicate that we might expect increased ecological risk to organisms present in drought-sensitive regions where altered hydroperiods are likely to increase metal bioavailability. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2456-2464. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Nedrich
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - G Allen Burton
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Willacker JJ, Eagles-Smith CA, Lutz MA, Tate MT, Lepak JM, Ackerman JT. Reservoirs and water management influence fish mercury concentrations in the western United States and Canada. Sci Total Environ 2016; 568:739-748. [PMID: 27039275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic manipulation of aquatic habitats can profoundly alter mercury (Hg) cycling and bioaccumulation. The impoundment of fluvial systems is among the most common habitat manipulations and is known to increase fish Hg concentrations immediately following impoundment. However, it is not well understood how Hg concentrations differ between reservoirs and lakes at large spatial and temporal scales or how reservoir management influences fish Hg concentrations. This study evaluated total Hg (THg) concentrations in 64,386 fish from 883 reservoirs and 1387 lakes, across the western United States and Canada, to assess differences between reservoirs and lakes, as well as the influence of reservoir management on fish THg concentrations. Fish THg concentrations were 1.4-fold higher in reservoirs (0.13±0.011μg/g wet weight±standard error) than lakes (0.09±0.006), though this difference varied among ecoregions. Fish THg concentrations were 1.5- to 2.6-fold higher in reservoirs than lakes of the North American Deserts, Northern Forests, and Mediterranean California ecoregions, but did not differ between reservoirs and lakes in four other ecoregions. Fish THg concentrations peaked in three-year-old reservoirs then rapidly declined in 4-12year old reservoirs. Water management was particularly important in influencing fish THg concentrations, which were up to 11-times higher in reservoirs with minimum water storage occurring in May, June, or July compared to reservoirs with minimum storage occurring in other months. Between-year changes in maximum water storage strongly influenced fish THg concentrations, but within-year fluctuations in water levels did not influence fish THg concentrations. Specifically, fish THg concentrations increased up to 3.2-fold over the range of between-year changes in maximum water storage in all ecoregions except Mediterranean California. These data highlight the role of reservoir creation and management in influencing fish THg concentrations and suggest that water management may provide an effective means of mitigating Hg bioaccumulation in some reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Willacker
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Collin A Eagles-Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Michelle A Lutz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562, USA
| | - Michael T Tate
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562, USA
| | - Jesse M Lepak
- Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Joshua T Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620, USA
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Coppens J, Özen A, Tavşanoğlu ÜN, Erdoğan Ş, Levi EE, Yozgatlıgil C, Jeppesen E, Beklioğlu M. Impact of alternating wet and dry periods on long-term seasonal phosphorus and nitrogen budgets of two shallow Mediterranean lakes. Sci Total Environ 2016; 563-564:456-467. [PMID: 27151502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The water balance, with large seasonal and annual water level fluctuations, has a critical influence on the nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics of shallow lakes in the semi-arid climate zone. We constructed seasonal water and nutrient budgets for two connected shallow lakes, Lakes Mogan and Eymir, located in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The study period covered 20years with alternations between dry and wet years as well as restoration efforts including sewage effluent diversion and biomanipulations in Lake Eymir. Both lakes experienced a 1-2m water level drop during a drought period and a subsequent increase during the wet period, with seasonal water level fluctuations of 0.60 to 0.70m. During wet years with high water levels, small seasonal differences were observed with a nutrient peak in spring caused by external loading and nutrient loss via retention during summer. During years with low water levels, nutrient concentrations increased due to internal and external loading, exacerbated by evaporative water loss. In Lake Eymir, a shift to eutrophic conditions with turbid water occurred under low water level conditions and consequent internal loading of P from the sediment, causing high nutrient concentrations in summer. Our results indicate a threat of lakes drying out in the semi-arid climate zone if evaporation increases and precipitation decreases as anticipated from the global climate change predictions. In addition, our results show the influence of the water balance on the eutrophication of shallow lakes in the Mediterranean climate zone and highlight the ultimate consequences for lake management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Coppens
- Middle East Technical University, Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Universiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupinar Bulvarı, No. 1, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Arda Özen
- Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi, Department of Forest Engineering, Yeni Mah. Bademlik Cd., Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Ü Nihan Tavşanoğlu
- Middle East Technical University, Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Universiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupinar Bulvarı, No. 1, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Erdoğan
- Middle East Technical University, Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Universiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupinar Bulvarı, No. 1, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Bozok University, 66900 Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Eti E Levi
- Middle East Technical University, Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Universiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupinar Bulvarı, No. 1, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Yozgatlıgil
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Statistics, Universiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupinar Bulvarı, No. 1, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meryem Beklioğlu
- Middle East Technical University, Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Universiteler Mahallesi, Dumlupinar Bulvarı, No. 1, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Kemal Kurdaş¸ Ecological Research and Training Stations, Lake Eymir, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Tang Q, Bao Y, He X, Fu B, Collins AL, Zhang X. Flow regulation manipulates contemporary seasonal sedimentary dynamics in the reservoir fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Sci Total Environ 2016; 548-549:410-420. [PMID: 26803740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the launch of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River, a distinctive reservoir fluctuation zone has been created and significantly modified by regular dam operations. Sediment redistribution within this artificial landscape differs substantially from that in natural fluvial riparian zones, due to a specific hydrological regime comprising steps of water impoundment with increasing magnitudes and seasonal water level fluctuation holding a range of sediment fluxes. This study reinterpreted post-dam sedimentary dynamics in the reservoir fluctuation zone by stratigraphy determination of a 345-cm long sediment core, and related it to impact of the hydrological regime. Seasonality in absolute grain-size composition of suspended sediment was applied as a methodological basis for stratigraphic differentiation. Sedimentary laminations with relatively higher proportions of sandy fractions were ascribed to sedimentation during the dry season when proximal subsurface bank erosion dominates source contributions, while stratigraphy with a lower proportion of sandy fractions is possibly contributed by sedimentation during the wet season when distal upstream surface erosion prevails. Chronology determination revealed non-linear and high annual sedimentation rates ranging from 21.7 to 152.1cm/yr. Although channel geomorphology may primarily determine the spatial extent of sedimentation, seasonal sedimentary dynamics was predominantly governed by the frequency, magnitude, and duration of flooding. Summer inundation by natural floods with enhanced sediment loads produced from upstream basins induced higher sedimentation rates than water impoundment during the dry season when distal sediment supply was limited. We thus conclude that flow regulation manipulates contemporary seasonal sedimentary dynamics in the reservoir fluctuation zone, though little impact on total sediment retention rate was detected. Ongoing reductions in flow and sediment supply under human disturbance may have profound implications in affecting sedimentary equilibrium in the reservoir fluctuation zone. The results herein provide insights of how big dams have disrupted the sediment conveyance processes of large scale fluvial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuhai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiubin He
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Adrian L Collins
- Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems Department, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Xinbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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22
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Dieter D, Herzog C, Hupfer M. Effects of drying on phosphorus uptake in re-flooded lake sediments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:17065-17081. [PMID: 26122575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sediment drying associated with large water level fluctuations is an increasingly common feature of temporary streams and lakes worldwide. Drying-induced sediment aeration and re-flooding periodically alter redox conditions, and therefore stimulate redox-sensitive processes influencing phosphorus (P) binding forms. We experimentally tested the effects of drying on P binding forms, and the P sorption potential, by drying and re-flooding lake sediments in the laboratory. Wet and dried fine sediments were re-flooded in columns, and the overlying water was continuously re-stocked to a constant P concentration. We measured changes in P forms, P uptake rates, and the pore water dynamics in each column over 36 weeks. Drying decreased the fraction of stable P, stimulated the mineralization of organic P, and increased the proportion of labile and reductant-soluble forms. Drying of sediment furthermore reduced its P sorption affinity and capacity by up to 32% in batch equilibrium experiments, and led to a fourfold increase in sediment compaction which increased P uptake rates by a factor of 1.7 in sediment column experiments. Compaction due to drying also induced the development of a sharp gradient below which P was mobilized. These results indicate that in fine sediments, a single drying event can result in the transformation of P components into more labile forms which accumulate in the uppermost sediment layer, therefore raising the potential for a pulsed P release under reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dieter
- Department of Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christiane Herzog
- Department of Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hupfer
- Department of Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
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