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McKay SA, McKay CJ, Bibbs CS, Bloomquist JR, Kaufman PE. Fecundity decline is male derived following transfluthrin exposures in a field strain of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 2024:tjae022. [PMID: 38366896 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Volatile pyrethroids are effective in reducing mosquito populations and repelling vectors away from hosts. However, many gaps in knowledge exist for the sublethal impacts of volatile pyrethroids on mosquitoes. To that end, transfluthrin exposures were conducted on a field strain of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) held as a laboratory colony. Dose-response analysis was conducted on both sexes at either 1-4 days old or 5-10 days old. Resultant concentration data were used to evaluate the LC20 and LC50 values in various mate pairings of treatments and controls in which either the male or female was from a selectively treated group and mated with a counterpart that was treated independently. Blood feeding proportion, delayed mortality after a 24-h recovery period, egg collection totals, and F1 larval survival were determined following transfluthrin treatment in the F0, but outcomes were not significant. In contrast, sterility was predicated on male treatment, with treated females resulting in higher overall egg viability. Treated males in the mating pair resulted in significantly lower egg viability and accelerated larval hatch in the F1. Additionally, the presence of sperm in female spermathecae was significantly diminished in test groups containing treated male mosquitoes. Male sublethal effects may be a critical determinant of a mixed population's reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A McKay
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Conner J McKay
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher S Bibbs
- Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, 2215 North 2200 West, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Phillip E Kaufman
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 Heep Center, College Station, TX, USA
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DeLisi N, Arreola MM, O'Meara S, Dimise M, Caillouet K. Evaluation of ultra-low volume treatments on Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) abundance and relative age by parity dissection. J Med Entomol 2024; 61:175-180. [PMID: 37703356 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District relies on ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticides to manage adult Culex quinquefasciatus (Say 1823), the primary vector of West Nile virus in Louisiana, but abundance rarely declines post-treatment. Three field ULV applications each of adulticides containing deltamethrin, naled, or resmethrin were conducted from May through October 2022 to measure efficacy against free-flying Cx. quinquefasciatus. Female mosquitoes trapped before and after treatment were identified, counted, and age-graded by parity dissection. No insecticide applications reduced Cx. quinquefasciatus abundance, but trials with deltamethrin and naled significantly lowered average mosquito age in the area post-treatment. No trials with resmethrin reduced mosquito age, which corroborates laboratory susceptibility data indicating local resistance toward the pyrethroid. These trials establish parity dissections and relative age gradation as a means of measuring treatment success against Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas DeLisi
- St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District, 62436 Airport Road, Slidell, LA 70460, USA
| | | | - Shannon O'Meara
- St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District, 62436 Airport Road, Slidell, LA 70460, USA
| | - Mollie Dimise
- St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District, 62436 Airport Road, Slidell, LA 70460, USA
| | - Kevin Caillouet
- St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District, 62436 Airport Road, Slidell, LA 70460, USA
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Philp HS, Farrell KS, Li RHL. Case report: Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog following treatment with melarsomine for Dirofilaria immitis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1118798. [PMID: 36814463 PMCID: PMC9939911 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation following melarsomine therapy for Dirofilaria immitis (D. immitis) is reported in a 9-year-old female intact pit bull-type dog. The dog had been diagnosed with D. immitis (antigen and microfilaria positive) and treated with imidacloprid, moxidectin, doxycycline and 3 doses of melarsomine over a 92-day period. Seven days after the third melarsomine injection, the patient was presented to her family veterinarian due to right pelvic limb swelling. Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were prolonged beyond the detectable range. Treatment included vitamin K1 and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) prior to referral to the authors' institution. At this time the patient remained coagulopathic. Further investigations included thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasound and an echocardiogram. The patient was administered multiple units of packed red blood cells and FFP, sildenafil, dexamethasone SP, aminocaproic acid and vitamin K1. Repeat CBC approximately 20 h after admission showed persistent anemia and thrombocytopenia. Despite ongoing administration of FFP, a repeat coagulation panel showed worsening of the coagulopathy with prothrombin time of 84.2s [reference interval (RI) 7.0-9.3s], activated partial thromboplastin time >140s (RI 10.4-12.9s) and fibrinogen <50 mg/dL (RI 109-311 mg/dL). Following discussion with the owners, the patient was euthanized. Necropsy was performed and confirmed heartworm infection with severe pulmonary arterial thrombosis, vascular remodeling, and intraluminal degenerate nematodes. Multifocal subcutaneous and organ hemorrhage was apparent. Although coagulopathy has been described in caval syndrome associated with heartworm disease and is listed as a potential side effect of melarsomine administration, this is the first report of documented disseminated intravascular coagulation following melarsomine treatment for D. immitis. Potential mechanisms for the coagulopathy are discussed and the case report highlights a rare, but serious complication of adulticide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen S. Philp
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Helen S. Philp ✉
| | - Kate S. Farrell
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ronald H. L. Li
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Hribar LJ, Boehmler MB, Murray HL, Pruszynski CA, Leal AL. Mosquito Surveillance and Insecticide Resistance Monitoring Conducted by the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, Monroe County, Florida, USA. Insects 2022; 13:927. [PMID: 36292875 PMCID: PMC9603856 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito control programs in the State of Florida are charged with protecting human and animal health, fostering economic development of the State, permitting enjoyment of the natural attractions in Florida, and improving the quality of life of citizens. Mosquito control programs must accomplish these tasks in such a manner as will protect the environment and terrestrial, marine, and freshwater ecosystems. The Florida Keys Mosquito Control District provides a science-based Integrated Pest Management mosquito control program to the residents of the Florida Keys, Monroe County, Florida. Operational decisions are based on surveillance of adult and immature mosquitoes. Mosquito populations are monitored by means of carbon dioxide-baited light traps BG Sentinel traps, truck traps, gravid traps, oviposition traps, and human landing rate counts. Larvae and pupae are monitored by inspections of natural and human-made immature habitats. Due to past and current reliance on chemical pesticides for control of mosquitoes, the District maintains a pesticide resistance detection program consisting of CDC bottle bioassays and larval bioassays, challenging local mosquito species with currently used adulticides and larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi L. Murray
- Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, Marathon, FL 33030, USA
| | | | - Andrea L. Leal
- Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, Marathon, FL 33030, USA
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Faraji A, Haas-Stapleton E, Sorensen B, Scholl M, Goodman G, Buettner J, Schon S, Lefkow N, Lewis C, Fritz B, Hoffman C, Williams G. Toys or Tools? Utilization of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Mosquito and Vector Control Programs. J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:1896-1909. [PMID: 34117758 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organized mosquito control programs (MCP) in the United States have been protecting public health since the early 1900s. These programs utilize integrated mosquito management for surveillance and control measures to enhance quality of life and protect the public from mosquito-borne diseases. Because much of the equipment and insecticides are developed for agriculture, MCP are left to innovate and adapt what is available to accomplish their core missions. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are one such innovation that are quickly being adopted by MCP. The advantages of UAS are no longer conjectural. In addition to locating mosquito larval habitats, UAS affords MCP real-time imagery, improved accuracy of aerial insecticide applications, mosquito larval detection and sampling. UAS are also leveraged for applying larvicides to water in habitats that range in size from multi-acre wetlands to small containers in urban settings. Employing UAS can reduce staff exposure to hazards and the impact associated with the use of heavy equipment in sensitive habitats. UAS are utilized by MCP nationally and their use will continue to increase as technology advances and regulations change. Current impediments include a dearth of major UAS manufacturers of equipment that is tailor-made for mosquito control, pesticides that are optimized for application via UAS and regulations that limit the access of UAS to national airspace. This manuscript highlights the strengths and weaknesses of UAS within MCP, provides an update on systems and methods used, and charts the future direction of UAS technology within MCP tasked with public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary Faraji
- Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, USA
| | | | - Brad Sorensen
- Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, USA
| | - Marty Scholl
- Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District, Elk Grove, CA 95624, USA
| | - Gary Goodman
- Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District, Elk Grove, CA 95624, USA
| | - Joel Buettner
- Placer Mosquito and Vector Control District, Roseville, CA 95678, USA
| | - Scott Schon
- Placer Mosquito and Vector Control District, Roseville, CA 95678, USA
| | - Nicholas Lefkow
- Lee County Mosquito/Hyacinth Control District, Lehigh Acres, FL 33971, USA
| | - Colin Lewis
- Lee County Mosquito/Hyacinth Control District, Lehigh Acres, FL 33971, USA
| | - Bradley Fritz
- USDA ARS Aerial Application Technology Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Clint Hoffman
- Innovative Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Greg Williams
- Hudson Regional Health Commission, Secaucus, NJ 07094, USA
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Mysore K, Sun L, Hapairai LK, Wang CW, Roethele JB, Igiede J, Scheel MP, Scheel ND, Li P, Wei N, Severson DW, Duman-Scheel M. A Broad-Based Mosquito Yeast Interfering RNA Pesticide Targeting Rbfox1 Represses Notch Signaling and Kills Both Larvae and Adult Mosquitoes. Pathogens 2021; 10:1251. [PMID: 34684200 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of mosquito-borne infectious diseases will require new classes of environmentally safe insecticides and novel mosquito control technologies. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered to express short hairpin RNA (shRNA) corresponding to mosquito Rbfox1 genes. The yeast induced target gene silencing, resulting in larval death that was observed in both laboratory and outdoor semi-field trials conducted on Aedes aegypti. High levels of mortality were also observed during simulated field trials in which adult females consumed yeast delivered through a sugar bait. Mortality correlated with defects in the mosquito brain, in which a role for Rbfox1 as a positive regulator of Notch signaling was identified. The larvicidal and adulticidal activities of the yeast were subsequently confirmed in trials conducted on Aedes albopictus, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus, yet the yeast had no impact on survival of select non-target arthropods. These studies indicate that yeast RNAi pesticides targeting Rbfox1 could be further developed as broad-based mosquito larvicides and adulticides for deployment in integrated biorational mosquito control programs. These findings also suggest that the species-specificity of attractive targeted sugar baits, a new paradigm for vector control, could potentially be enhanced through RNAi technology, and specifically through the use of yeast-based interfering RNA pesticides.
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Marten AD, Stothard AI, Kalera K, Swarts BM, Conway MJ. Validamycin A Delays Development and Prevents Flight in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 2020; 57:1096-1103. [PMID: 31982917 PMCID: PMC7334893 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is a disaccharide that is the major sugar found in insect hemolymph fluid. Trehalose provides energy, and promotes growth, metamorphosis, stress recovery, chitin synthesis, and insect flight. The hydrolysis of trehalose is under the enzymatic control of the enzyme trehalase. Trehalase is critical to the role of trehalose in insect physiology, and is required for the regulation of metabolism and glucose generation. Trehalase inhibitors represent a novel class of insecticides that have not been fully developed. Here, we tested the ability of trehalose analogues to function as larvacides or adulticides in an important disease vector-Aedes aegypti. We show that validamycin A, but not 5-thiotrehalose, delays larval and pupal development and prevents flight of adult mosquitoes. Larval mosquitoes treated with validamycin A were hypoglycemic and pupae had increased levels of trehalose. Treatment also skewed the sex ratio toward male mosquitoes. These data reveal that validamycin A is a mosquito adulticide that can impair normal development of an important disease vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Marten
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI
| | - Alicyn I Stothard
- Central Michigan University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Pleasant, MI
| | - Karishma Kalera
- Central Michigan University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Pleasant, MI
| | - Benjamin M Swarts
- Central Michigan University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Pleasant, MI
| | - Michael J Conway
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Foundational Sciences, Mount Pleasant, MI
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Boze BGV, Markowski DM, Bennett D, Williams MG. Preparations and Activities Necessary for Aerial Mosquito Control After Hurricanes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2020; 36:90-97. [PMID: 33647138 DOI: 10.2987/19-6881.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vector Disease Control International (VDCI) has a long history of aiding mosquito control efforts necessary for recovery after natural disasters like hurricanes and major floods. As waters associated with these events begin to recede, both nuisance and vector mosquito species surge in abundance and consequently play an increased role in public health. When these situations arise, state and county agencies implement emergency response plans and many rely on Federal Emergency Management Agency or private contractors for assistance in reducing mosquito populations that can alter arbovirus transmission cycles, cause intolerable stress, hamper reconstruction efforts, and disrupt normal community functions. Vector Disease Control International owns the largest fleet of fixed-wing aircraft dedicated specifically to mosquito control and has worked every major storm event since Hurricane Bonnie in 1998. This article describes the logistics and operations required for implementing VDCI's emergency management plan, including the relocation of equipment, adult mosquito surveillance, delivery of pesticides, assessment of efficacy, and filing of low-level waivers and congested-area plans with the Federal Aviation Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Broox G V Boze
- Vector Disease Control International, 1320 Brookwood Drive, Suite H, Little Rock, AR 72202
| | - Daniel M Markowski
- Vector Disease Control International, 1320 Brookwood Drive, Suite H, Little Rock, AR 72202
| | - Deborah Bennett
- Vector Disease Control International, 1320 Brookwood Drive, Suite H, Little Rock, AR 72202
| | - Malcom G Williams
- Vector Disease Control International, 1320 Brookwood Drive, Suite H, Little Rock, AR 72202
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Su T, Thieme J, Lura T, Cheng ML, Brown MQ. Susceptibility Profile of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Montclair, California, to Commonly Used Pesticides, With Note on Resistance to Pyriproxyfen. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:1047-1054. [PMID: 30810751 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The peridomestic anthropophilic Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is originated from the wild zoophilic subspecies Aedes aegypti formosus in sub-Saharan Africa, and currently has a broad distribution in human-modified environments of the tropics and subtropics worldwide. In California, breeding populations were initially detected in 2013 in the cities of Fresno, Madera, and San Mateo, and now can be found in 188 cities of 12 counties in the state. Recent genetic studies suggest that this species invaded California on multiple occasions from several regions of the United States and northern Mexico prior to initial detection. As an invasive species and vector for numerous arboviruses, Ae. aegypti is a primary target of surveillance and control in California. In southern California city of Montclair, a population was identified in September 2015, from which a short-term colony was established in an insectary. The susceptibility of this field population to commonly used pesticides with various modes of action, including 15 formulations against larvae and four against adults, was determined, in reference to a susceptible laboratory colony of the same species. No resistance was shown to most pesticides tested. However, tolerance or reduced susceptibility to spinosad, spinetoram, diflubezuron, and fipronil was detected, and modest levels of resistance to pyriproxyfen (resistance ratio = 38.7-fold at IE50 and 81.5-fold at IE90) was observed. Results are discussed based on the field usage and modes of action of the pesticides tested. Strategic selection and application of pesticides against this population of Ae. aegypti in the urban environments should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Su
- West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Ontario, CA
| | - Jennifer Thieme
- West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Ontario, CA
| | - Taylor Lura
- West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Ontario, CA
| | - Min-Lee Cheng
- West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Ontario, CA
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Martianasari R, Hamid PH. Larvicidal, adulticidal, and oviposition-deterrent activity of Piper betle L. essential oil to Aedes aegypti. Vet World 2019; 12:367-371. [PMID: 31089304 PMCID: PMC6487248 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.367-371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Aedes aegypti is a primary vector of many arthropod-borne diseases. One of the diseases, dengue fever, is an endemic disease in Indonesia causing high mortalities for decades. There are no preventive and specific treatments for dengue so far. Therefore, prevention of this disease largely depends on the mosquito control. Since resistance to chemical insecticides occurred worldwide, the study on alternate and new mosquito insecticides are mandatory. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of essential oil from P. betle L. in the larval and adult stages, as well as its influence on oviposition activity of A. aegypti mosquito. Materials and Methods P. betle efficacy was evaluated in various stages of A. aegypti development. For the larvicidal activity, larvae instar III stage was used. Adulticidal assay in this experiment was performed using newly emerged A. aegypti. For oviposition assay, mated A. aegypti was tested for their responses to P. betle-treated and non-treated ovitraps. Results P. betle L. - adulticide activity was effective with a concentration of 2.5 μl/ml, caused 100% mortality within 15-30 min. Larvicide activity was observed after 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h post-treatment with LC50183, 92.7, and 59.8 ppm and LC90 637, 525, and 434.7 ppm, respectively. Oviposition activity index was -0.917 in 1000 ppm. In addition, the eggs number of A. aegypti oviposition with 100 ppm of essential oil P. betle L. was 5 times lower than the control. Conclusion This study demonstrated clearly that essential oil derived from P. betle L. potentially acts as alternate bioinsecticide to control A. aegypti population. The application can be varied or combined in different stages of mosquito development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riesna Martianasari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 2 Karangmalang 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Penny Humaidah Hamid
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Fauna No. 2 Karangmalang 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Faraji A, Unlu I. The Eye of the Tiger, the Thrill of the Fight: Effective Larval and Adult Control Measures Against the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), in North America. J Med Entomol 2016; 53:1029-1047. [PMID: 27354440 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is a highly invasive container-inhabiting species with a global distribution. This mosquito, similar to other Stegomyia species such as Aedes aegypti (L.), is highly adapted to urban and suburban areas, and commonly oviposits in artificial containers, which are ubiquitous in these peridomestic environments. The increase in speed and amount of international travel and commerce, coupled with global climate change, have aided in the resurgence and expansion of Stegomyia species into new areas of North America. In many parts of their range, both species are implicated as significant vectors of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and now Zika. Although rapid and major advances have been made in the field of biology, ecology, genetics, taxonomy, and virology, relatively little has changed in the field of mosquito control in recent decades. This is particularly discouraging in regards to container-inhabiting mosquitoes, because traditional integrated mosquito management (IMM) approaches have not been effective against these species. Many mosquito control programs simply do not possess the man-power or necessary financial resources needed to suppress Ae. albopictus effectively. Therefore, control of mosquito larvae, which is the foundation of IMM approaches, is exceptionally difficult over large areas. This review paper addresses larval habitats, use of geographic information systems for habitat preference detection, door-to-door control efforts, source reduction, direct application of larvicides, biological control agents, area-wide low-volume application of larvicides, hot spot treatments, autodissemination stations, public education, adult traps, attractive-toxic sugar bait methods, lethal ovitraps, barrier-residual adulticides, hand-held ultra-low-volume adulticides, area-wide adulticides applied by ground or air, and genetic control methods. The review concludes with future recommendations for practitioners, researchers, private industry, and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary Faraji
- Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Isik Unlu
- Center for Vector Biology, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Mercer County Mosquito Control, West Trenton, NJ 08628
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Devillers J, Lagneau C, Lattes A, Garrigues J, Clémenté M, Yébakima A. In silico models for predicting vector control chemicals targeting Aedes aegypti. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2014; 25:805-835. [PMID: 25275884 PMCID: PMC4200584 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.958291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Human arboviral diseases have emerged or re-emerged in numerous countries worldwide due to a number of factors including the lack of progress in vaccine development, lack of drugs, insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, climate changes, societal behaviours, and economical constraints. Thus, Aedes aegypti is the main vector of the yellow fever and dengue fever flaviviruses and is also responsible for several recent outbreaks of the chikungunya alphavirus. As for the other mosquito species, the A. aegypti control relies heavily on the use of insecticides. However, because of increasing resistance to the different families of insecticides, reduction of Aedes populations is becoming increasingly difficult. Despite the unquestionable utility of insecticides in fighting mosquito populations, there are very few new insecticides developed and commercialized for vector control. This is because the high cost of the discovery of an insecticide is not counterbalanced by the 'low profitability' of the vector control market. Fortunately, the use of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modelling allows the reduction of time and cost in the discovery of new chemical structures potentially active against mosquitoes. In this context, the goal of the present study was to review all the existing QSAR models on A. aegypti. The homology and pharmacophore models were also reviewed. Specific attention was paid to show the variety of targets investigated in Aedes in relation to the physiology and ecology of the mosquito as well as the diversity of the chemical structures which have been proposed, encompassing man-made and natural substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Lattes
- Laboratoire I.M.R.C.P., Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - J.C. Garrigues
- Laboratoire I.M.R.C.P., Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M.M. Clémenté
- Centre de Démoustication/LAV (ARS-Conseil Général) de la Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - A. Yébakima
- Centre de Démoustication/LAV (ARS-Conseil Général) de la Martinique, Martinique, France
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Ovčarenko I, Lindström L, Saikkonen K, Vänninen I. Variation in mortality among populations is higher for pymetrozine than for imidacloprid and spiromesifen in Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouses in Finland. Pest Manag Sci 2014; 70:1524-1530. [PMID: 24757031 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance in Trialeurodes vaporariorum W. is unknown in the species' northern distribution range where it inhabits mainly commercial greenhouses. Resistance development in whiteflies feeding on year-round crops in greenhouses is possible owing to the use of chemical treatments to back up biocontrol. The authors tested the response levels to spiromesifen, pymetrozine and imidacloprid in whiteflies collected from seven greenhouses within a 35 km radius in western Finland. RESULTS All except one (PR) population had LC50 values below the recommended concentrations for the tested compounds. However, some populations showed reduced susceptibility to pymetrozine in comparison with the reference susceptible population. Resistance ratios to pymetrozine were highly variable (resistance ratio 0.5-39.7), even among closely located greenhouses, and higher than those for imidacloprid (resistance ratio 1.05-10.5) and spiromesifen (resistance ratio 0.8-11.5). LC50 values and application frequencies of pymetrozine correlated positively among the sampled populations. CONCLUSION High variation in resistance levels to pymetrozine among populations within natural whitefly dispersal limits reflects variation in the usage of this compound among individual greenhouse crop producers. Thus, resistance management is recommended at the individual greenhouse crop producer level, even in a dense production cluster. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ovčarenko
- MTT Agrifood Research, Plant Production Research, Jokioinen, Finland; Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Research, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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