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Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes and one of dominant species in eutrophicated waters, which easily burst blooms in summer with high irradiance and temperature conditions. In response to high irradiance, high temperature, and nutrient conditions, cyanobacteria release abundant of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by up-regulating related gene expression and oxidatively degrading β-carotene. These VOCs not only increase offensive odor in waters, but also transfer allelopathic signals to algae and aquatic plants, resulting in cyanobacteria dominating eutrophicated waters. Among these VOCs, β-cyclocitral, α-ionone, β-ionone, limonene, longifolene, and eucalyptol have been identified as the main allelopathic agents, which even directly kill algae by inducing programmed cell death (PCD). The VOCs released from cyanobacteria, especially the ruptured cells, exhibit repelling effects on the herbivores, which is beneficial to survival of the population. Cyanobacterial VOCs might transfer aggregating information among homogeneous species, so the acceptors initiate aggregation to resist the coming stresses. It can be speculated that the adverse conditions can promote VOC emission from cyanobacteria, which play important roles in cyanobacteria dominating eutrophicated waters and even bursting blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-Based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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He Z, Wang Y, Yan Y, Qin S, He H, Mao R, Liang Z. Dynamic analysis of physiological indices and transcriptome profiling revealing the mechanisms of the allelopathic effects of phenolic acids on Pinellia ternata. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1039507. [PMID: 36340387 PMCID: PMC9635339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1039507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value, but its culture is strongly hindered by the continuous cropping obstacles (CCO) which are tightly associated with allelopathic effects. Deciphering the response mechanisms of P. ternata to allelochemicals is critical for overcoming the CCO. Here, we elucidate the response of P. ternata to phenolic acids treatment via physiological indices, cellular approaches, and transcriptome analysis. Phenolic acids showed a significant effect on the growth of P. ternata seedlings, similar to the phenotype of continuous cropping. Cellular analysis demonstrated that phenolic acids remarkably induced root cell death. Physiological analysis revealed that phenolic acids induced the overaccumulated of H2O2 and O 2 - in root cells. However, two exogenous antioxidants (L-ascorbic acid and β-gentiobiose) aid in the scavenging of over-accumulated H2O2 and O 2 - by promoting the antioxidant enzyme activity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT). Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the cell wall degeneration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism were upregulated by phenolic acid treatment. In addition, downregulated DEGs involved in sucrose and starch metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways decreased the key metabolites contents. Taken together, phenolic acids caused root cell death by inducing the overaccumulation of H2O2 and O 2 - , and L-ascorbic acid and β-gentiobiose effectively alleviated ROS stress. The present study elucidates the underlying mechanism of the allelopathic effect of phenolic acids, offers valuable information for further understanding the mechanism of CCO, and could contribute to improving guidance for further P. ternata production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigui He
- School of Leisure and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an, China
| | - Yan Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an, China
| | - Shaowei Qin
- School of Leisure and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin, China
| | - Huan He
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Renjun Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan’an, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Naveed M, Hafeez S, Rafique M, Mumtaz MZ, Subhani Z, Holatko J, Hammerschmiedt T, Malicek O, Mustafa A, Kintl A, Brtnicky M. Plant-endophyte mediated improvement in physiological and bio-protective abilities of marigold ( Tagetes patula). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:993130. [PMID: 36161029 PMCID: PMC9505526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria improve the growth, physiology, and metabolite profile of plants. They are known as potential biocontrol agents of soil-borne diseases. This study evaluated the effects of endophytic bacterial strains on growth, vase life, biochemical attributes, and antioxidant and nematicidal activities of French marigold (Tagetes patula). French marigold seeds were sole and consortium inoculated with three promising endophytic bacterial strains, Burkholderia phytofirmans (PsJN), Enterobacter sp. (MN17), and Bacillus sp. (MN54). The vase life of French marigold was promoted by 66.6% in the individual application of PsJN and 100% in plants treated with consortium compared to the uninoculated control. The shoot and root fresh weights were also increased by 65.9 and 68.7%, with the combined application of all three strains. The total phenolics, flavonoid, and protein contents were higher in consortium treatment with an increase of up to 38.0, 55.9, and 65.9%, respectively, compared to the uninoculated control. Furthermore, combined application of endophytic bacterial strains promoted DPPH radical scavenging, mortality of plant-parasitic nematodes, and ferric reducing antioxidant power activities with increase of up to 278.0, 103.8, and 178.0%, respectively, compared to uninoculated control. An increase in antioxidant activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed up to 77.3, 86.0, 91.6, and 102.9%, respectively by combined application of endophytic bacterial strains. So, given the economic importance of floriculture crops, endophytic bacterial isolates studied here have shown a great potential for improving the productivity of cultivated ornamental French marigold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Hafeez
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Rafique
- Soil Bacteriology Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zinayyera Subhani
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Agrovyzkum Rapotin Ltd., Rapotin, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Malicek
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
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Li JJ, Chao JJ, McKay RML, Xu RB, Wang T, Xu J, Zhang JL, Chang XX. Antibiotic pollution promotes dominance by harmful cyanobacteria: A case study examining norfloxacin exposure in competition experiments. J Phycol 2021; 57:677-688. [PMID: 33483964 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) in freshwater lakes across the globe are often combined with other stressors. Pharmaceutical pollution, especially antibiotics in water bodies, poses a potential hazard in aquatic ecosystems. However, how antibiotics influence the risk of cyanoHABs remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of norfloxacin (NOR), one of the most widely used antibiotics globally, to a bloom-forming cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) and a common green alga (Scenedesmus quadricauda), under both mono- and coculture conditions. Taxon-specific responses to NOR were evaluated in monoculture. In addition, the growth rate and change in ratio of cyanobacteria to green algae when cocultured with exposure to NOR were determined. In monocultures of Microcystis, exposure to low concentrations of NOR resulted in decreases in biomass, chlorophyll a and soluble protein content, while superoxide anion content and superoxide dismutase activity increased. However, NOR at high concentration only slightly affected Scenedesmus. During the co-culture trials of Microcystis and Scenedesmus, the 5 μg · L-1 NOR treatment increased the ratio of Microcystis to co-cultured Scenedesmus by 47.2%. Meanwhile, although Scenedesmus growth was enhanced by 4.2% under NOR treatment in monoculture, it was conversely inhibited by 63.4% and 38.2% when co-cultured with Microcystis with and without NOR, respectively. Our results indicate that antibiotic pollution has a potential risk to enhance the perniciousness of cyanoHABs by disturbing interspecific interaction between cyanobacteria and green algae. These results reinforce the need for scientists and managers to consider the influence of xenobiotics in shaping the outcome of interactions among multiple species in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Jing-Jing Chao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Robert Michael Lee McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Run-Bing Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Jin-Long Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Xue-Xiu Chang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
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Brijačak E, Košćak L, Šoštarčić V, Kljak K, Šćepanović M. Sensitivity of yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) to aqueous extracts or dry biomass of cover crops. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:5510-5517. [PMID: 32562258 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common weeds Echinochloa crus-galli L. and Setaria glauca L. were studied for their sensitivity to aqueous extracts or dry biomass of the following cover crops (CCs): Brassicaceae (Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus var. Oleiformis, Camellina sativa), Fagopyrum esculentum and Guizotia abyssinica. RESULTS Treating E. crus-galli with aqueous extracts of mixed CCs or individual brassica CC significantly reduced germination. Treating S. glauca with aqueous extracts of C. sativa or G. abyssinicia reduced germination. Aqueous extracts of all CCs significantly reduced radicle length of E. crus-galli and S. glauca, with C. sativa and mixed CCs showing the greatest effect. Aqueous extracts of nearly all CCs delayed start and middle germination of E. crus-galli and S. glauca, with S. alba and R. sativus showing the strongest effects. Aqueous extracts of Brassicaceae leaf and flower significantly reduced germination, coleoptile length, radicle length and seedling biomass of E. crus-galli and S. glauca. Brassicaceae leaves and flowers contained higher phenolics than other tissues. Adding 4 or 8% S. alba and R. sativus dry powder to soil significantly reduced growth of E. crus-galli and S. glauca; even concentrations of 1% measurably slowed growth of E. crus-galli. CONCLUSIONS Brassicaceae may be allelopathic to S. glauca and E. crus-galli. Aqueous extracts of leaves and flowers showed greater phytotoxic activity than other tissues and also contained more phenolics. Therefore Brassicaceae CCs may be most effective against S. glauca and E. crus-galli if incorporated into soil during their flowering stage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Brijačak
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laura Košćak
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Kristina Kljak
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Šćepanović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Yao CZ, Jiang YT, Yang YT, Ma YY, Pan LL, Li YL, Sun YQ, Chen J, Zhao J. [ Allelopathic effect of extracts from Panax notoginseng mono-cropped soil on its root rot pathogens]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:2227-2235. [PMID: 32715685 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Methanol, ethyl acetate, and water were used to extract the continuous cropping soils of Panax notoginseng, with the solution/soil ratios of 3:1, 6:1, and 9:1. We investigated the effects of those soil extracts on the growth and population of root-rot pathogens of P. notoginseng. Results showed that the methanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts all promoted mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani after 72 h of plate culture. The response indices of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts on the growth of F. oxysporum were 14.0%-19.8% and 16.2%-20.2%, being higher than that of water extract (8.9%-14.2%), but without significant difference between diffe-rent extraction ratios. However, methanol extract inhibited the mycelial growth of Alternaria spp. The inhibitory effect was highest at the extraction ratio of 3:1, reaching -33.2% to -38.5%. Ethyl acetate and water extracts did not affect the mycelial growth of Alternaria spp. After four weeks of soil culture, methanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts all increased the F. oxysporum populations. The positive effect of water extract was higher than that of methanol (1.68×104-6.73×104 copies·g-1 dry soil) and ethyl acetate (1.77×104-3.72×104 copies·g-1 dry soil) extracts, being 3.49×106-9.56×106 copies·g-1 dry soil. This increment was weakened along with the increase of extraction ratio. Both water extract and methanol extract with low extraction ratio could increase the F. solani populations, while there were no significant effects of methanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts on the population of Alternaria spp. Therefore, the extracts from continuous P. notoginseng cropping soil showed allopathically promoting effects on the growth and population of root-rot pathogens, F. oxysporum and F. solani, which may be one of the reasons for the occurrence of root rot and other soil-borne diseases in replanted P. notoginseng gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Zhi Yao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Ting Jiang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan-Yu Ma
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei-Lyu Pan
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun-Long Li
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong-Quan Sun
- Suzhou Station of Farmland Quality Protection, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Suzhou Station of Farmland Quality Protection, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
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Deng LL, Lyu P, Huang XQ, Zhang Z, Wang LC, Liu Y. [ Allelopathic effects of water extracts from sweet potato on the growth of invasive alien species Alternanthera philoxeroides]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:2202-2210. [PMID: 32715682 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
It is an effective approach to control invasive plants based on the allelopathic effect of native plants with higher economic values, from the perspective of allelopathy. The aim of this study was to test the allelopathic effect of a local crop, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), on the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. Water extracts from different organs of sweet potato (roots, stems, leaves) with three concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 g·mL-1) were used in the study. To test the effect of sweet potato on rhizome growth of A. philoxeroides, the morphological index (ramet number, node number, leaf number, leaf area, plant height, total dry weight and root number of new ramets), allelopathic response index, trait values (succulent degree, root-shoot ratio, specific leaf area, leaf mass ratio, stem mass ratio, root mass ratio), CAT, POD, MDA and SOD in young leaves were measured. The results showed that 1) Water extracts from different organs of sweet potato with different concentrations differed in their effects on the growth of A. philoxeroides. Water extract from root with 0.1 g·mL-1 significantly inhibited all morphological indices. Except total dry weight and root number, other morphological indices decreased significantly with increasing concentration of water extract from all organs. 2) The synthetic allelopathic response index (RI) was negative under all treatments, indicating that water extract of sweet potato had negative effects on all indices of A. philoxeroides and thus inhibited their growth. Among all the treatments, water extract from root with a concentration of 0.1 g·mL-1 had the strongest allelopathic inhibition (RI=-0.73), followed by that from stem with a concentration of 0.1 g·mL-1(RI=-0.44) and from root with a concentration of 0.05 g·mL-1(RI=-0.44). 3) Water extract of sweet potato had significant inhibitory effects on the degree of succulence, root-shoot ratio, specific leaf area, and leaf mass ratio, but did not affect stem mass ratio and root mass ratio. 4) Water extract of sweet potato significantly increased the contents of MDA and SOD in the fresh leaves of A. philoxeroides, while had no effect on the contents of CAT and POD. All these results indicates that water extract of sweet potato significantly suppress the ramet growth of A. philoxeroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Deng
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Pei Lyu
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xue-Qi Huang
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Li-Chao Wang
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Li Y, Dai S, Wang B, Jiang Y, Ma Y, Pan L, Wu K, Huang X, Zhang J, Cai Z, Zhao J. Autotoxic Ginsenoside Disrupts Soil Fungal Microbiomes by Stimulating Potentially Pathogenic Microbes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e00130-20. [PMID: 32086303 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00130-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotoxic ginsenosides have been implicated as one of the major causes for replant failure of Sanqi ginseng (Panax notoginseng); however, the impact of autotoxic ginsenosides on the fungal microbiome, especially on soilborne fungal pathogens, remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of the ginsenoside monomers Rg1, Rb1, and Rh1, and that of their mixture (Mix), on the composition and diversity of the soil fungal community, as well as on the abundance and growth of the soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in pure culture. The addition of autotoxic ginsenosides altered the composition of the total fungal microbiome, as well as the taxa within the shared and unique treatment-based components, but did not alter alpha diversity (α-diversity). In particular, autotoxic ginsenosides enriched potentially pathogenic taxa, such as Alternaria, Cylindrocarpon, Gibberella, Phoma, and Fusarium, and decreased the abundances of beneficial taxa such as Acremonium, Mucor, and Ochroconis Relative abundances of pathogenic taxa were significantly and negatively correlated with those of beneficial taxa. Among the pathogenic fungi, the genus Fusarium was most responsive to ginsenoside addition, with the abundance of Fusarium oxysporum consistently enhanced in the ginsenoside-treated soils. Validation tests confirmed that autotoxic ginsenosides promoted mycelial growth and conidial germination of the root rot pathogen F. oxysporum In addition, the autotoxic ginsenoside mixture exhibited synergistic effects on pathogen proliferation. Collectively, these results highlight that autotoxic ginsenosides are capable of disrupting the equilibrium of fungal microbiomes through the stimulation of potential soilborne pathogens, which presents a significant hurdle in remediating replant failure of Sanqi ginseng.IMPORTANCE Sanqi ginseng [Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen] is geoauthentically produced in a restricted area of southwest China, and successful replanting requires a rotation cycle of more than 15 to 30 years. The increasing demand for Sanqi ginseng and diminishing arable land resources drive farmers to employ consecutive monoculture systems. Replant failure has severely threatened the sustainable production of Sanqi ginseng and causes great economic losses annually. Worse still, the acreage and severity of replant failure are increased yearly, which may destroy the Sanqi ginseng industry in the near future. The significance of this work is to decipher the mechanism of how autotoxic ginsenosides promote the accumulation of soilborne pathogens and disrupt the equilibrium of soil fungal microbiomes. This result may help us to develop effective approaches to successfully conquer the replant failure of Sanqi ginseng.
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Li Y, Yu J, Sun T, Liu C, Sun Y, Wang Y. Using the Marine Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis as an Endpoint to Evaluate Whether ROS-Dependent Hemolytic Toxicity Is Involved in the Allelopathy Induced by Karenia mikimotoi. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E439. [PMID: 30380633 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic effects of the typically noxious bloom-forming dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi were studied using the allelopathic experimental system under controlled laboratory conditions. The potency of intact cell suspensions with whole cells, cell-free culture filtrate in different growth phases, and lysed cells with ultrasonication were compared, and the growth and reproduction of the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis were used as endpoints to evaluate toxic differences. The intact cell suspension resulted the most significant growth inhibition, including lethality, on the growth of B. plicatilis (p < 0.05). Lysed culture medium treated with ultrasonication and the cell-free culture filtrates at either the exponential or stationary phase exhibited limited negative impacts compared to the control according to changes in the population growth rate (r) and survival rate (p > 0.05). Reproduction presented a similar tendency to change, and the number of eggs produced per individual, as well as spawning period decreased in the whole cell and lysed cell suspensions. The key parameters in the lift table include the net reproductive rate (R₀) and the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), which were more sensitive to treatment and were significantly suppressed compared to that of the control. The addition of the ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could not change the growth or reproduction patterns. Moreover, substantial hemolytic toxicity was found in the treatment of the intact cell suspension (p < 0.05), while limited toxicity was found in other treatments compared to that of the control. K. mikimotoi was speculated to secrete allelopathic substances onto the cell surface, and direct cell contact was necessary for allelopathic toxicity in B. plicatilis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent hemolytic toxicity was assumed to be the explanation for what was observed.
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Li ZB, Zhou RJ, Xie YJ, Fu JF. [ Allelopathic effects of phenolic compounds of ginseng root rhizosphere on Cylindrocarpon destructans.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2018; 27:3616-3622. [PMID: 29696860 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201611.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, five phenolic compounds of ginseng rhizosphere soil were identified by HPLC, including gallic acid, salicylic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid. The results show that five phenolic compounds inhibited mycelium growth and spore germination at high concentration, but promoted mycelium growth and spore germination at low concentration. Gallic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid of 0.5 mmol·L-1 and 3-phenylpropionic acid, cinnamic acid of 0.05 mmol·L-1 could significantly promote the spore germination, mycelium growth and disease severity of Cylindrocarpon destructans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Bo Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ru Jun Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yu Jiao Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jun Fan Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Yan J, Bi HH, Liu YZ, Zhang M, Zhou ZY, Tan JW. Phenolic compounds from Merremia umbellata subsp. orientalis and their allelopathic effects on Arabidopsis seed germination. Molecules 2010; 15:8241-50. [PMID: 21076390 PMCID: PMC6259189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15118241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioassay-directed phytochemical study was carried out to investigate potential allelochemicals of the invasive plant Merremia umbellata subsp. orientalis (Hall. f.). Eight phenolic compounds, including a salicylic acid (SA)-derived new natural product, SA 2-O-β-D-(3',6'-dicaffeoyl)-glucopyranoside (1), and seven known ones 2-8 were isolated and identified from two bioactive sub-fractions of the acetone extract of this plant. The structure of new compound 1 was established by spectral and chemical methods. The potential allelopathic effects of these compounds at 0.5 and 1.0 mM concentrations on the germination of Arabidopsis seeds were tested. Results showed that 2 remarkably inhibited seed germination at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. Compound 3 only moderately inhibited seed germination at 0.5 mM, but displayed strong inhibitory bioactivity at 1.0 mM concentration. Compounds 4 and 5 showed only slight inhibitory bioactivity at 1.0 mM, while the other compounds showed no obvious inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; E-Mails: (J.Y.); (H.-H.B); (M.Z.); (Z.-Y.Z.)
| | - Hai-Hong Bi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; E-Mails: (J.Y.); (H.-H.B); (M.Z.); (Z.-Y.Z.)
| | - Yong-Zhu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, China; E-Mail:
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; E-Mails: (J.Y.); (H.-H.B); (M.Z.); (Z.-Y.Z.)
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; E-Mails: (J.Y.); (H.-H.B); (M.Z.); (Z.-Y.Z.)
| | - Jian-Wen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; E-Mails: (J.Y.); (H.-H.B); (M.Z.); (Z.-Y.Z.)
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