1
|
Kim YT, Ha STT, In BC. Development of a longevity prediction model for cut roses using hyperspectral imaging and a convolutional neural network. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1296473. [PMID: 38273951 PMCID: PMC10809400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1296473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and deep learning techniques have been widely applied to predict postharvest quality and shelf life in multiple horticultural crops such as vegetables, mushrooms, and fruits; however, few studies show the application of these techniques to evaluate the quality issues of cut flowers. Therefore, in this study, we developed a non-contact and rapid detection technique for the emergence of gray mold disease (GMD) and the potential longevity of cut roses using deep learning techniques based on HSI data. Methods Cut flowers of two rose cultivars ('All For Love' and 'White Beauty') underwent either dry transport (thus impaired cut flower hydration), ethylene exposure, or Botrytis cinerea inoculation, in order to identify the characteristic light wavelengths that are closely correlated with plant physiological states based on HSI. The flower bud of cut roses was selected for HSI measurement and the development of a vase life prediction model utilizing YOLOv5. Results and discussion The HSI results revealed that spectral reflectance between 470 to 680 nm was strongly correlated with gray mold disease (GMD), whereas those between 700 to 900 nm were strongly correlated with flower wilting or vase life. To develop a YOLOv5 prediction model that can be used to anticipate flower longevity, the vase life of cut roses was classed into two categories as over 5 d (+5D) and under 5 d (-5D), based on scoring a grading standard on the flower quality. A total of 3000 images from HSI were forwarded to the YOLOv5 model for training and prediction of GMD and vase life of cut flowers. Validation of the prediction model using independent data confirmed its high predictive accuracy in evaluating the vase life of both 'All For Love' (r2 = 0.86) and 'White Beauty' (r2 = 0.83) cut flowers. The YOLOv5 model also accurately detected and classified GMD in the cut rose flowers based on the image data. Our results demonstrate that the combination of HSI and deep learning is a reliable method for detecting early GMD infection and evaluating the longevity of cut roses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Byung-Chun In
- Department of Smart Horticultural Science, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ha STT, Kim YT, In BC. Early Detection of Botrytis cinerea Infection in Cut Roses Using Thermal Imaging. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:4087. [PMID: 38140414 PMCID: PMC10748118 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) causes gray mold disease (GMD), which results in physiological disorders in plants that decrease the longevity and economic value of horticultural crops. To prevent the spread of GMD during distribution, a rapid, early detection technique is necessary. Thermal imaging has been used for GMD detection in various plants, including potted roses; however, its application to cut roses, which have a high global demand, has not been established. In this study, we investigated the utility of thermal imaging for the early detection of B. cinerea infection in cut roses by monitoring changes in petal temperature after fungal inoculation. We examined the effects of GMD on the postharvest quality and petal temperature of cut roses treated with different concentrations of fungal conidial suspensions and chemicals. B. cinerea infection decreased the flower opening, disrupted the water balance, and decreased the vase life of cut roses. Additionally, the average temperature of rose petals was higher for infected flowers than for non-inoculated flowers. One day before the appearance of necrotic symptoms (day 1 of the vase period), the petal temperature in infected flowers was significantly higher, by 1.1 °C, than that of non-inoculated flowers. The GMD-induced increase in petal temperature was associated with the mRNA levels of genes related to ethylene, reactive oxygen species, and water transport. Furthermore, the increase in temperature caused by GMD was strongly correlated with symptom severity and fungal biomass. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the disease incidence in the petals was positively related to the petal temperature one day before the appearance of necrotic symptoms. These results show that thermography is an effective technique for evaluating changes in petal temperature and a possible method for early GMD detection in the cut flower industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Byung-Chun In
- Department of Smart Horticultural Science, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea; (S.T.T.H.); (Y.-T.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Verdonk JC, van Ieperen W, Carvalho DRA, van Geest G, Schouten RE. Effect of preharvest conditions on cut-flower quality. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1281456. [PMID: 38023857 PMCID: PMC10667726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1281456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The cut flower industry has a global reach as flowers are often produced in countries around the equator and transported by plane or ship (reefer) mostly to the global north. Vase-life issues are often regarded as linked to only postharvest conditions while cultivation factors are just as important. Here, we review the main causes for quality reduction in cut flowers with the emphasis on the importance of preharvest conditions. Cut flower quality is characterised by a wide range of features, such as flower number, size, shape, colour (patterns), fragrance, uniformity of blooming, leaf and stem colour, plant shape and developmental stage, and absence of pests and diseases. Postharvest performance involves improving and preserving most of these characteristics for as long as possible. The main causes for cut flower quality loss are reduced water balance or carbohydrate availability, senescence and pest and diseases. Although there is a clear role for genotype, cultivation conditions are just as important to improve vase life. The role of growth conditions has been shown to be essential; irrigation, air humidity, and light quantity and quality can be used to increase quality. For example, xylem architecture is affected by the irrigation scheme, and the relative humidity in the greenhouse affects stomatal function. Both features determine the water balance of the flowering stem. Light quality and period drives photosynthesis, which is directly responsible for accumulation of carbohydrates. The carbohydrate status is important for respiration, and many senescence related processes. High carbohydrates can lead to sugar loss into the vase water, leading to bacterial growth and potential xylem blockage. Finally, inferior hygiene during cultivation and temperature and humidity control during postharvest can lead to pathogen contamination. At the end of the review, we will discuss the future outlook focussing on new phenotyping tools necessary to quantify the complex interactions between cultivation factors and postharvest performance of cut flowers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian C. Verdonk
- Department of Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim van Ieperen
- Department of Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Geert van Geest
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics, Institut für Biologie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften und Naturwissenschaften, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rob E. Schouten
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma Z, Zhang K, Guo W, Yu W, Wang J, Li J. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract for inhibiting stem end bacteria in cut tree peony flowers. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1176359. [PMID: 37324696 PMCID: PMC10266105 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1176359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony ( Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a popular cut flower among ornamental plants. However, its short vase life severely hinders the production and application of cut tree peony flowers. To extend the postharvest longevity and improve the horticultural value, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) was applied for reducing bacterial proliferation and xylem blockage in cut tree peony flowers in vitro and in vivo. Ag-NPs was synthesized with the leaf extract of Eucommia ulmoides and characterized. The Ag-NPs aqueous solution showed inhibitory activity against bacterial populations isolated from stem ends of cut tree peony 'Luoyang Hong' in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 10 mg L-1. Compared with the control, pretreatments with Ag-NPs aqueous solution at 5 and 10 mg L-1 for 24 h increased flower diameter, relative fresh weight (RFW), and water balance of tree peony 'Luoyang Hong' flowers. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 content in pretreated petals were lower than the control during the vase life. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in pretreated petals were lower than that of the control at the early vase stage and higher at the late vase life. Furthermore, pretreatments with Ag-NPs aqueous solution at 10 mg L-1 for 24 h could reduce bacterial proliferation in the xylem vessels on the stem ends by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Overall, pretreatments with green synthesized Ag-NPs aqueous solution effectively reduced bacteria-induced xylem blockage of cut tree peony, resulting in improved water uptake, extended vase life, and enhanced postharvest quality. Therefore, this technique can be used as a promising postharvest technology in the cut flower industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqiang Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Junzhe Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Environmental Engineering and Chemistry, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mazrou RM, Hassan S, Yang M, Hassan FA. Melatonin Preserves the Postharvest Quality of Cut Roses through Enhancing the Antioxidant System. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2713. [PMID: 36297737 PMCID: PMC9609555 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vase life of cut rose is relatively short, therefore; preserving its postharvest quality via eco-friendly approaches is of particular economic importance. From the previous literature, despite melatonin (MT) plays diverse important roles in the postharvest quality maintenance, its impact on preserving the postharvest quality of cut flowers is really scarce. This research therefore was undertaken to find out the possibility of exogenous MT as an eco-friendly preservative to extend the vase life of cut roses. The flowering stems of Rosa hybrida cv. 'First Red' were pulsed in MT solutions at 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mM for 30 min and then transferred to distilled water for evaluation. The vase life was significantly prolonged and relative water content was considerably maintained due to MT application compared to the control, more so with 0.2 mM concentration which nearly doubled the vase life (1.9-fold) higher than the control. SEM investigation showed that MT treatment reduced the stomatal aperture in lower epidermis which was widely opened in control flowers. MT treatment significantly increased the phenol content, glutathione (GSH) content and CAT, APX and GR enzyme activities compared to untreated flowers. Additionally, the radical scavenging capacity in MT-treated flowers was considerably higher than that of control and therefore MT treatment reduced H2O2 production and lipid peroxidation, which altogether reflected in membrane stability maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ragia M. Mazrou
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom 32516, Egypt
| | - Sabry Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fahmy A.S. Hassan
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thakur M, Chandel A, Guleria S, Verma V, Kumar R, Singh G, Rakwal A, Sharma D, Bhargava B. Synergistic effect of graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles as biostimulant improves the postharvest life of cut flower bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae L.). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1006168. [PMID: 36247595 PMCID: PMC9560765 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae L.) is one of the important tropical cut flowers. Generally, flowers like bird of paradise (BOP) grown for the commercial ornamental market must be of high pre and postharvest quality. Thus, to improve the postharvest longevity and increase marketability, the relative efficacy of two different biologically synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) was evaluated. The novel proprietary stimulants were graphene oxide (GO) and silver nanoparticles (SNPs). The NP treatments were applied as a vase (lower concentrations) solutions. Among all the applied treatments, the synergistic effect of GO + SNPs at 1 µL L-1 vase solution significantly (p =0.05) prolongs the post-harvest life of cut flowers of BOP. Increased vase life over the deionized water (DI) control was associated with better maintenance of relative water uptake, relative fresh weight, suppressed microbial density at stem-end and delay of stem blockage, reduced electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD, and POD activity. In contrast to control, administration of NPs gave better results for all analyzed parameters. Application of biologically synthesized NPs in combination (GO + SNPs at 1 µL L-1) extended the vase life of cut flowers by 6 days compared with control flowers, and overall, showed better results than the control. The findings of the studies revealed that the standardized NPs could have more potential in prolonging the postharvest life of cut flowers in BOP. Thus, this technique can be used as a novel postharvest technology for commercial application in cut flowers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Anjali Chandel
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Guleria
- Biotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Vipasha Verma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Raghawendra Kumar
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Anjali Rakwal
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Naveed M, Hafeez S, Rafique M, Mumtaz MZ, Subhani Z, Holatko J, Hammerschmiedt T, Malicek O, Mustafa A, Kintl A, Brtnicky M. Plant-endophyte mediated improvement in physiological and bio-protective abilities of marigold ( Tagetes patula). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:993130. [PMID: 36161029 PMCID: PMC9505526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria improve the growth, physiology, and metabolite profile of plants. They are known as potential biocontrol agents of soil-borne diseases. This study evaluated the effects of endophytic bacterial strains on growth, vase life, biochemical attributes, and antioxidant and nematicidal activities of French marigold (Tagetes patula). French marigold seeds were sole and consortium inoculated with three promising endophytic bacterial strains, Burkholderia phytofirmans (PsJN), Enterobacter sp. (MN17), and Bacillus sp. (MN54). The vase life of French marigold was promoted by 66.6% in the individual application of PsJN and 100% in plants treated with consortium compared to the uninoculated control. The shoot and root fresh weights were also increased by 65.9 and 68.7%, with the combined application of all three strains. The total phenolics, flavonoid, and protein contents were higher in consortium treatment with an increase of up to 38.0, 55.9, and 65.9%, respectively, compared to the uninoculated control. Furthermore, combined application of endophytic bacterial strains promoted DPPH radical scavenging, mortality of plant-parasitic nematodes, and ferric reducing antioxidant power activities with increase of up to 278.0, 103.8, and 178.0%, respectively, compared to uninoculated control. An increase in antioxidant activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed up to 77.3, 86.0, 91.6, and 102.9%, respectively by combined application of endophytic bacterial strains. So, given the economic importance of floriculture crops, endophytic bacterial isolates studied here have shown a great potential for improving the productivity of cultivated ornamental French marigold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Hafeez
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Rafique
- Soil Bacteriology Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zinayyera Subhani
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Agrovyzkum Rapotin Ltd., Rapotin, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Malicek
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li L, Yin Q, Zhang T, Cheng P, Xu S, Shen W. Hydrogen Nanobubble Water Delays Petal Senescence and Prolongs the Vase Life of Cut Carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Flowers. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10081662. [PMID: 34451707 PMCID: PMC8401707 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The short vase life of cut flowers limits their commercial value. To ameliorate this practical problem, this study investigated the effect of hydrogen nanobubble water (HNW) on delaying senescence of cut carnation flowers (Dianthuscaryophyllus L.). It was observed that HNW had properties of higher concentration and residence time for the dissolved hydrogen gas in comparison with conventional hydrogen-rich water (HRW). Meanwhile, application of 5% HNW significantly prolonged the vase life of cut carnation flowers compared with distilled water, other doses of HNW (including 1%, 10%, and 50%), and 10% HRW, which corresponded with the alleviation of fresh weight and water content loss, increased electrolyte leakage, oxidative damage, and cell death in petals. Further study showed that the increasing trend with respect to the activities of nucleases (including DNase and RNase) and protease during vase life period was inhibited by 5% HNW. The results indicated that HNW delayed petal senescence of cut carnation flowers through reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation and initial activities of senescence-associated enzymes. These findings may provide a basic framework for the application of HNW for postharvest preservation of agricultural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longna Li
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.L.); (Q.Y.); (T.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Qianlan Yin
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.L.); (Q.Y.); (T.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.L.); (Q.Y.); (T.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.L.); (Q.Y.); (T.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.L.); (Q.Y.); (T.Z.); (P.C.)
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-84-399-032; Fax: +86-25-84-396-542
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Darvish M, Shirzad H, Asghari M, Noruzi P, Alirezalu A, Pateiro M, Takshe A, Lorenzo JM. 24-Epibrasinolide Modulates the Vase Life of Lisianthus Cut Flowers by Modulating ACC Oxidase Enzyme Activity and Physiological Responses. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:995. [PMID: 34067603 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene is the most important factor playing roles in senescence and deterioration of harvested crops including cut flowers. Brassinosteroids (BRs), as natural phytohormones, have been reported to differently modulate ethylene production and related senescence processes in different crops. This study was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on ACC oxidase enzyme activity, the final enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis pathway, vase life, and senescence rate in lisianthus cut flowers. Harvested flowers were treated with EBL (at 0, 3, 6, and 9 µmol/L) and kept at 25 °C for 15 days. The ACC oxidase activity, water absorption, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and vase solution absorption rates, chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, and the vase life of the flowers were evaluated during and at the end of storage. EBL at 3 µmol/L significantly (p ≤ 0.01) enhanced the flower vase life by decreasing the ACC oxidase activity, MDA production and senescence rates, and enhancing chlorophyll and anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, relative water content, and vase solution absorption rates. By increasing the concentration, EBL negatively affected the flower vase life and postharvest quality probably via enhancing the ACC oxidase enzyme activity and subsequent ethylene production. EBL at 6 and 9 µmol/L and in a concentration dependent manner, enhanced the ACC oxidase activity and MDA production rate and decreased chlorophyll and anthocyanin accumulation and water absorption rate. The results indicate that the effects of brassinosteroids on ethylene production and physiology of lisianthus cut flowers is highly dose dependent.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zulfiqar F, Younis A, Finnegan PM, Ferrante A. Comparison of Soaking Corms with Moringa Leaf Extract Alone or in Combination with Synthetic Plant Growth Regulators on the Growth, Physiology and Vase Life of Sword Lily. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9111590. [PMID: 33212881 PMCID: PMC7698385 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Gladiolus is in demand worldwide as a cut-flower or landscaping plant, because of its superior commercial and ornamental value. Application of plant-based biostimulants has gained interest in the horticulture industry as an innovative and promising approach to ensure enhanced and sustainable yields along with better product quality. The influence of pre-plant corm soaks supplemented to 5% (v/v) with an aqueous extract from Moringa oleifera leaves (MLE) either alone or in combination with 50 mg/L salicylic acid (SA) or 50 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA) on the vegetative, physiological, and ornamental characteristics of potted gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus) was investigated. In general, the treatment order for greatest horticultural value for all the parameters examined was: MLE + SA + GA > MLE + GA or SA individually > MLE alone > water-only control. Compared to other treatments, corms soaked in MLE + SA + GA had the earliest sprout time (3.7 days earlier than control), shortest production time (11 days earlier than control), tallest plant (159.5 cm), greatest number of leaves per plant (8.85 leaves), greatest maximum leaf area (66 cm2), highest SPAD reading (112) and photosynthetic activity (6.7 mmol m-2 s-1), longest spike length (91 cm), greatest number of florets per spike (20 florets), longest vase life (14.8 days), greatest N (1.53%), P (0.28%), and K (0.64%) concentrations, and largest corm diameter (4.68 cm) and mass (22.25 g). The highest total protein and proline concentrations were observed with the combined application of MLE + GA + SA. Our findings suggested that MLE either alone or in combination with other plant growth regulators not only increased the yield and quality of cut spikes, but also prolonged the vase life of cut gladiolus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Zulfiqar
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-344-7216320
| | - Adnan Younis
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Patrick M. Finnegan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 1 Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aalifar M, Aliniaeifard S, Arab M, Zare Mehrjerdi M, Dianati Daylami S, Serek M, Woltering E, Li T. Blue Light Improves Vase Life of Carnation Cut Flowers Through Its Effect on the Antioxidant Defense System. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:511. [PMID: 32670299 PMCID: PMC7326070 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improving marketability and extension of vase life of cut flowers has practical significance for the development of the cut flower industry. Although considerable efforts have been made over many years to improve the vase life of cut flowers through controlling the immediate environment and through post-harvest use of floral preservatives, the impact of lighting environment on vase life has been largely overlooked. In the current study, the effect of three LED light spectra [white (400-730 nm), blue (peak at 460 nm), and red (peak at 660 nm)] at 150 μmol m-2 s-1 on vase life and on physiological and biochemical characteristics of carnation cut flowers was investigated. Exposure to blue light (BL) considerably delayed senescence and improved vase life over that of flowers exposed to red light (RL) and white light (WL). H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in petals gradually increased during vase life; the increase was lowest in BL-exposed flowers. As a consequence, BL-exposed flowers maintained a higher membrane stability index (MSI) compared to RL- and WL-exposed flowers. A higher activity of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] was detected in petals of BL-exposed flowers, compared to their activities in RL- and WL-exposed flowers. In BL-exposed flowers, the decline in petal carotenoid contents was delayed in comparison to RL- and WL-exposed flowers. Maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and a higher percentage of open stomata were observed in leaves of BL-exposed flowers. Sucrose and glucose contents accumulated in petals during vase life; sugar concentrations were higher in BL-exposed flowers than in RL- and WL-exposed flowers. It is concluded that BL exposure improves the vase life of carnation cut flowers through its effect on the antioxidant defense system in petals and on photosynthetic performance in the leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Aalifar
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Arab
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Zare Mehrjerdi
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Dianati Daylami
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Margrethe Serek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Floriculture, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ernst Woltering
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Costa LC, Luz LM, Nascimento VL, Araujo FF, Santos MNS, França CDFM, Silva TP, Fugate KK, Finger FL. Selenium-Ethylene Interplay in Postharvest Life of Cut Flowers. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:584698. [PMID: 33391299 PMCID: PMC7773724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.584698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is considered a beneficial element in higher plants when provided at low concentrations. Recently, studies have unveiled the interactions between Se and ethylene metabolism throughout plant growth and development. However, despite the evidence that Se may provide longer shelf life in ethylene-sensitive flowers, its primary action on ethylene biosynthesis and cause-effect responses are still understated. In the present review, we discuss the likely action of Se on ethylene biosynthesis and its consequence on postharvest physiology of cut flowers. By combining Se chemical properties with a dissection of ethylene metabolism, we further highlighted both the potential use of Se solutions and their downstream responses. We believe that this report will provide the foundation for the hypothesis that Se plays a key role in the postharvest longevity of ethylene-sensitive flowers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Costa
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Lucas C. Costa,
| | - Luana M. Luz
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia – Campus Capanema, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Capanema, Brazil
| | - Vitor L. Nascimento
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal – Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F. Araujo
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Christiane de F. M. França
- Departamento de Tecnologia Agroindustrial e Socioeconomia Rural, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, Brazil
| | - Tania P. Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Unaí, Brazil
| | - Karen K. Fugate
- USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Fernando L. Finger
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li L, Liu Y, Wang S, Zou J, Ding W, Shen W. Magnesium Hydride-Mediated Sustainable Hydrogen Supply Prolongs the Vase Life of Cut Carnation Flowers via Hydrogen Sulfide. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:595376. [PMID: 33362825 PMCID: PMC7755932 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.595376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium hydride (MgH2) is a promising solid-state hydrogen source with high storage capacity (7.6 wt%). Although it is recently established that MgH2 has potential applications in medicine because it sustainably supplies hydrogen gas (H2), the biological functions of MgH2 in plants have not been observed yet. Also, the slow reaction kinetics restricts its practical applications. In this report, MgH2 (98% purity; 0.5-25 μm size) was firstly used as a hydrogen generation source for postharvest preservation of flowers. Compared with the direct hydrolysis of MgH2 in water, the efficiency of hydrogen production from MgH2 hydrolysis could be greatly improved when the citrate buffer solution is introduced. These results were further confirmed in the flower vase experiment by showing higher efficiency in increasing the production and the residence time of H2 in solution, compared with hydrogen-rich water. Mimicking the response of hydrogen-rich water and sodium hydrosulfide (a hydrogen sulfide donor), subsequent experiments discovered that MgH2-citrate buffer solution not only stimulated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) synthesis but also significantly prolonged the vase life of cut carnation flowers. Meanwhile, redox homeostasis was reestablished, and the increased transcripts of representative senescence-associated genes, including DcbGal and DcGST1, were partly abolished. By contrast, the discussed responses were obviously blocked by the inhibition of endogenous H2S with hypotaurine, an H2S scavenger. These results clearly revealed that MgH2-supplying H2 could prolong the vase life of cut carnation flowers via H2S signaling, and our results, therefore, open a new window for the possible application of hydrogen-releasing materials in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longna Li
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxin Zou
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjiang Ding
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbiao Shen,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hong SJ, Koo TH, Yun SC. Controlling Botrytis elliptica Leaf Blight on Hybrid Lilies through the Application of Convergent Chemical X-ray Irradiation. Plant Pathol J 2016; 32:77-84. [PMID: 27147927 PMCID: PMC4853097 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.09.2015.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
X-ray irradiation with convergent chemicals such as nano-silver particles or sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) has been used to control leaf blight on cut lilies. The oriental hybrid lily cultivars Siberia, Le Reve, and Sorbonne were irradiated five times by 200 Gy of X-rays in 2014. In 2015, Siberia and Sorbonne were irradiated three times by 150 Gy of X-rays. After artificial infection with Botrytis elliptica on the leaves and petals of cut lilies, this study used convergent chemical X-ray irradiation of 200 Gy or 150 Gy. Leaf and petal blight was measured in terms of incidence and severity at 8 days after infection using total 552 cuttings. Results indicate that the treatments of X-ray irradiation and NaDCC in 2014 and 2015 slightly decreased the severity of petal blight on Siberia and Sorbonne. However, the results were not significant and severity did not decrease as NaDCC concentration increased. Vase-life was observed separately after X-ray irradiation of 270 cut lilies in 2014 and 108 cut lilies in 2015. Chlorophyll content was not affected by either 200 Gy or 150 Gy of X-rays. The number of days of fully opened flowers at Siberia of 150 Gy and Le Revu of 200 Gy increased by 1-2 days. In addition, the relative fresh weights of the X-rayed flowers were 10% drier than the non-irradiated controls. Overall, leaf blight control by X-ray was inferior to the control by gamma rays, and petal color was bleached in Sorbonne and Le Reve cvs. by 150 Gy of X-rays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sung-Chul Yun
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-41-530-2282, FAX) +82-41-530-2939, E-mail)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Darandeh N, Hadavi E. Effect of Pre-Harvest Foliar Application of Citric Acid and Malic Acid on Chlorophyll Content and Post-Harvest Vase Life of Lilium cv. Brunello. Front Plant Sci 2011; 2:106. [PMID: 22639626 PMCID: PMC3355684 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Citric acid is a regular ingredient in many vase solution formulations but pre-harvest use of citric acid is a novel method in vase life extension of cut flowers, which is reported on tuberose earlier. In order to verify previous result, and check for possible substitution of citric acid by malic acid, the current research was designed. Citric acid (0, 0.075, 0.15% w/v) and malic acid (0, 0.075, 0.15% w/v) were used in a factorial design with three replications. Foliar sprays were applied two times during growth period of Lilium plants. The results point out that 0.15% citric acid alone had increased vase life from 11.8 in control treatment to 14 days (α < 0.05). The interesting finding was the effect of citric acid on bulbil weight, which was decreased from 9 g in control to 1.5 g in treatment containing combination of 0.075% citric acid and 0.075% malic acid. Malic acid while having no direct effect on pre-mentioned traits surprisingly increased the chlorophyll content significantly. The interaction effect between citric acid and malic acid on vase life and chlorophyll content proved significant and was evident in results, both as antagonistic and synergistic in various traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Darandeh
- Department of Horticulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityKaraj, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hadavi
- Department of Horticulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityKaraj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ebrahim Hadavi, Department of Horticulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|