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Zhu C, Huang Z, Sun Z, Feng S, Wang S, Wang T, Yuan X, Zhong L, Cheng Y, Bao M, Zhang F. The mutual regulation between DcEBF1/2 and DcEIL3-1 is involved in ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Plant J 2023; 114:636-650. [PMID: 36808165 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a respiratory climacteric flower, comprising one of the most important cut flowers that is extremely sensitive to plant hormone ethylene. Ethylene signaling core transcription factor DcEIL3-1 plays a key role in ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation. However, how the dose of DcEIL3-1 is regulated in the carnation petal senescence process is still not clear. Here, we screened out two EBF (EIN3 Binding F-box) genes, DcEBF1 and DcEBF2, which showed quick elevation by ethylene treatment according to the ethylene induced carnation petal senescence transcriptome. Silencing of DcEBF1 and DcEBF2 accelerated, whereas overexpression of DcEBF1 and DcEBF2 delayed, ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation by influencing DcEIL3-1 downstream target genes but not DcEIL3-1 itself. Furthermore, DcEBF1 and DcEBF2 interact with DcEIL3-1 to degrade DcEIL3-1 via an ubiquitination pathway in vitro and in vivo. Finally, DcEIL3-1 binds to the promoter regions of DcEBF1 and DcEBF2 to activate their expression. In conclusion, the present study reveals the mutual regulation between DcEBF1/2 and DcEIL3-1 during ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation, which not only expands our understanding about ethylene signal regulation network in the carnation petal senescence process, but also provides potential targets with respect to breeding a cultivar of long-lived cut carnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhiheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shan Feng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Teng Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linlin Zhong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Institute of Flowers Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Institute of Flowers Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Wang T, Sun Z, Wang S, Feng S, Wang R, Zhu C, Zhong L, Cheng Y, Bao M, Zhang F. DcWRKY33 promotes petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) by activating genes involved in the biosynthesis of ethylene and abscisic acid and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Plant J 2023; 113:698-715. [PMID: 36564995 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most famous and ethylene-sensitive cut flowers worldwide, but how ethylene interacts with other plant hormones and factors to regulate petal senescence in carnation is largely unknown. Here we found that a gene encoding WRKY family transcription factor, DcWRKY33, was significantly upregulated upon ethylene treatment. Silencing and overexpression of DcWRKY33 could delay and accelerate the senescence of carnation petals, respectively. Abscisic acid (ABA) and H2 O2 treatments could also accelerate the senescence of carnation petals by inducing the expression of DcWRKY33. Further, DcWRKY33 can bind directly to the promoters of ethylene biosynthesis genes (DcACS1 and DcACO1), ABA biosynthesis genes (DcNCED2 and DcNCED5), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation gene DcRBOHB to activate their expression. Lastly, relationships are existed between ethylene, ABA and ROS. This study elucidated that DcWRKY33 promotes petal senescence by activating genes involved in the biosynthesis of ethylene and ABA and accumulation of ROS in carnation, supporting the development of new strategies to prolong the vase life of cut carnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Feng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlin Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Zhong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Flowers Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Flowers Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Xu H, Wang S, Larkin RM, Zhang F. The transcription factors DcHB30 and DcWRKY75 antagonistically regulate ethylene-induced petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). J Exp Bot 2022; 73:7326-7343. [PMID: 36107792 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous transcription factors with antagonistic activities have been shown to contribute to growth and development, whether and how they regulate senescence in plants is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of antagonistic transcription factors in petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), one of the most common types of ethylene-sensitive cut flowers produced worldwide. We identified DcHB30 that encodes a ZF-HD transcription factor that is down-regulated in ethylene-treated petal transcriptomes. We found that silencing DcHB30 accelerated ethylene-induced petal senescence and that DcHB30 physically interacts with DcWRKY75, a positive regulator of ethylene-induced petal senescence. Phenotypic characterization and molecular evidence indicated that DcHB30 and DcWRKY75 competitively regulate the expression of their co-targeted genes DcACS1, DcACO1, DcSAG12, and DcSAG29 by reciprocally inhibiting the DNA-binding activity of each other on the gene promoters. This transcriptional regulation mechanism demonstrates that these transcription factors serve as positive and negative regulators in ethylene-induced petal senescence in carnation. Thus, our study provides insights into how antagonizing transcription factors regulate plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Robert M Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Huazhong Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Thakur M, Chandel A, Guleria S, Verma V, Kumar R, Singh G, Rakwal A, Sharma D, Bhargava B. Synergistic effect of graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles as biostimulant improves the postharvest life of cut flower bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae L.). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1006168. [PMID: 36247595 PMCID: PMC9560765 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae L.) is one of the important tropical cut flowers. Generally, flowers like bird of paradise (BOP) grown for the commercial ornamental market must be of high pre and postharvest quality. Thus, to improve the postharvest longevity and increase marketability, the relative efficacy of two different biologically synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) was evaluated. The novel proprietary stimulants were graphene oxide (GO) and silver nanoparticles (SNPs). The NP treatments were applied as a vase (lower concentrations) solutions. Among all the applied treatments, the synergistic effect of GO + SNPs at 1 µL L-1 vase solution significantly (p =0.05) prolongs the post-harvest life of cut flowers of BOP. Increased vase life over the deionized water (DI) control was associated with better maintenance of relative water uptake, relative fresh weight, suppressed microbial density at stem-end and delay of stem blockage, reduced electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD, and POD activity. In contrast to control, administration of NPs gave better results for all analyzed parameters. Application of biologically synthesized NPs in combination (GO + SNPs at 1 µL L-1) extended the vase life of cut flowers by 6 days compared with control flowers, and overall, showed better results than the control. The findings of the studies revealed that the standardized NPs could have more potential in prolonging the postharvest life of cut flowers in BOP. Thus, this technique can be used as a novel postharvest technology for commercial application in cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Anjali Chandel
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Guleria
- Biotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Vipasha Verma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Raghawendra Kumar
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Anjali Rakwal
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Diksha Sharma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur (HP), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang L, Yan L, Zhang C, Kong X, Zheng Y, Dong L. Glucose Supply Induces PsMYB2-Mediated Anthocyanin Accumulation in Paeonia suffruticosa 'Tai Yang' Cut Flower. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:874526. [PMID: 35774824 PMCID: PMC9237572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.874526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) is a well-known Chinese ornamental plant with showy flower color. However, the color fading problem during vase time seriously blocks its development in the cut flower market. In this study, we found that exogenous glucose supply improved the color quality of P. suffruticosa 'Tai Yang' cut flowers with increased total soluble sugar and anthocyanin contents of petals. Besides, the promotion effect of glucose was better than the osmotic control of 3-O-methylglucose (3OMG) treatment and the glucose analog mannose treatment. The structural genes, including PsF3H, PsF3'H, PsDFR, PsAOMT, and PsUF5GT, were remarkably upregulated under glucose treatment. Meanwhile, the regulatory genes, including PsbHLH1, PsbHLH3, PsMYB2, PsWD40-1, and PsWD40-2, also showed a strong response to glucose treatment. Among these five regulatory genes, PsMYB2 showed less response to 3OMG treatment but was highly expressed under glucose and mannose treatments, indicating that PsMYB2 may have an important role in the glucose signal pathway. Ectopic overexpression of PsMYB2 in Nicotiana tabacum resulted in a strong pigmentation in petals and stamens of tobacco flowers accompanied with multiple anthocyanin biosynthetic genes upregulated. More importantly, the overexpression of PsMYB2 enhanced the ability of glucose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings since PsMYB2-overexpressing Arabidopsis showed higher expression levels of AtPAL1, AtCHS, AtF3H, AtF3'H, AtDFR, and AtLDOX than those of wild type under glucose treatment. In summary, we suggested that glucose supply promoted petal coloration of P. suffruticosa 'Tai Yang' cut flower through the signal pathway, and PsMYB2 was a key component in this process. Our research made a further understanding of the mechanism that glucose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis of P. suffruticosa cut flowers during postharvest development, laying a foundation for color retention technology development of cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Ningxia State Farm, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Nobes SR, Herreid JS, Panter KL, Jabbour R. Insect Visitors of Specialty Cut Flowers in High Tunnels. J Econ Entomol 2022; 115:909-913. [PMID: 35482614 PMCID: PMC9175293 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Various strategies incorporate floral resources into agricultural landscapes to support beneficial insects. Specialty cut flower production offers a rarely explored approach to offer floral resources while yielding a marketable product for growers. We characterized insect visitation to six species of specialty cut flowers. Due to Wyoming's growing conditions, the flowers were grown in high tunnels, thus offering insight into insect abundance in this unique semi-controlled environment. The flower species tested were Calendula officinalis, Celosia argentea, Daucus carota, Helichrysum bracteatum, Matthiola incana, and a Zinnia elegans-Zinnia hybrida mixture. At least four species were in bloom from early June through late September. The flowers attracted diverse pollinator groups including Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera. Bees most often visited Ca. officinalis, H. bracteatum, and Celosia spicata whereas flies most often visited D. carota. Bombus were the most oft-collected bees from the flowers and were found on all six cut flower species. Wasp abundance varied little across the cut flowers, but wasp community composition was distinct. The highest diversity of wasp families was collected from the Zinnia mixture (seven families) in contrast to less diverse collections from Ce. spicata (two families). The most abundant wasp families collected were Crabronidae and Sphecidae. Our experiment documented that ornamental cut flower species attract pollinator insects into high tunnel environments. All cut flower species tested were visited by multiple types of beneficial insects. Planting a mixture of specialty cut flowers can support insect diversity while also diversifying on-farm agricultural products through sale of cut flower stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Nobes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Judith S Herreid
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Karen L Panter
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
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Xu H, Luo D, Zhang F. DcWRKY75 promotes ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Plant J 2021; 108:1473-1492. [PMID: 34587330 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most important and typical ethylene sensitive cut flowers worldwide, although how ethylene influences the petal senescence process in carnation remains largely unknown. Here, we screened out one of the key transcription factors, DcWRKY75, using a constructed ethylene induced petal senescence transcriptome in carnation and found that it shows quick induction by ethylene treatment. Silencing of DcWRKY75 delays ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation. Molecular evidence confirms that DcWRKY75 can bind to the promoter regions of two main ethylene biosynthetic genes (DcACS1 and DcACO1) and a couple of senescence associated genes (DcSAG12 and DcSAG29) to activate their expression. Furthermore, we show that DcWRKY75 is a direct target gene of DcEIL3-1, which is a homolog of the ethylene signaling core transcription factor EIN3 in Arabidopsis. DcEIL3-1 can physically interact with DcWRKY75 and silencing of DcEIL3-1 also delays ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation and inhibits the ethylene induced expression of DcWRKY75 and its target genes. The present study demonstrates that the transcriptional regulation network is vitally important for ethylene induced petal senescence process in carnation and potentially in other ethylene sensitive cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National R&D Center for Citrus Postharvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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8
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Pérez-Nicolás M, Colinas-León T, Alia-Tejacal I, Peña-Ortega G, González-Andrés F, Beltrán-Rodríguez L. Morphological Variation in Scarlet Plume ( Euphorbia fulgens Karw ex Klotzsch, Euphorbiaceae), an Underutilized Ornamental Resource of Mexico with Global Importance. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10102020. [PMID: 34685829 PMCID: PMC8540581 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Morphological variation is useful in conservation and genetic improvement programs. Euphorbia fulgens, a range-restricted local endemic species of Mexico, is used locally during the altars in the festivities of different saints and is also cultivated as an ornamental plant mainly in Europe. Thus, in the present study, morphological variation was evaluated in wild populations and cultivated populations. Characterization of 90 individuals from three wild populations (the only ones recorded to date) was done by measuring 30 morphological traits both vegetative and reproductive. Thereafter, seeds were collected, and established under greenhouse conditions, and 39 morphometric variables were evaluated in adult plants. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done for wild and cultivated groups independently, and when significant differences were found, Tukey's comparison of means was applied (p < 0.05). To identify the traits responsible for the differences between wild and cultivated groups, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was conducted. Morphological variation was found among wild populations, and this variation decreased in cultivated populations, mainly in reproductive structures. The LDA separated the wild populations from the cultivated groups, according to inflorescence length, petiole length/blade length ratio, and leaf roundness. The variables that determined the separation of individuals between wild and cultivated populations were cyme number, foliar Feret diameter, and inflorescence length, variables that can be important for breeding strategies and artificial selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Pérez-Nicolás
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (M.P.-N.); (G.P.-O.)
| | - Teresa Colinas-León
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (M.P.-N.); (G.P.-O.)
| | - Iran Alia-Tejacal
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico;
| | - Gisela Peña-Ortega
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (M.P.-N.); (G.P.-O.)
| | - Fernando González-Andrés
- Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, 24009 León, Spain;
| | - Leonardo Beltrán-Rodríguez
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Yagishita Y, Hara Y, Nakayama M. Heredity of flake- and stripe-variegated traits and their introduction into Japanese day-neutral winter-flowering sweet pea ( Lathyrus odoratus L.) cultivars. Breed Sci 2018; 68:53-61. [PMID: 29681747 PMCID: PMC5903974 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.17079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) is a major cut flower in Japan, generally grown in greenhouses in winter to spring. The wild-type sweet pea is a long-day summer-flowering plant. The day-neutral winter-flowering ability, which allows cut-flower production in Japan, is a recessive phenotype that emerged by spontaneous mutation. Although Japanese winter-flowering cultivars and additionally spring-flowering cultivars, which have semi-long-day flowering ability generated by crossing the winter- and summer-flowering cultivars, have superior phenotypes for cut flowers, they have limited variation in color and fragrance. In particular, variegated phenotypes do not appear in modern winter- and spring-flowering cultivars, only in summer-flowering cultivars. We try to expand the phenotypic diversity of Japanese cut flower cultivars. In the processes, we introduced the variegated phenotypes by crossing with summer-flowering cultivars, and succeeded in breeding some excellent cultivars. During breeding, we analyzed the segregation ratios and revealed the heredity of the phenotypes. Here we review the heredity of these variegated phenotypes and winter-flowering phenotypes and their related genes. We also describe how we introduced the trait into winter-flowering cultivars, tracing their pedigrees to show both phenotypes and genotypes of the progeny at each generation. This knowledge is useful for the efficient breeding of new variegated cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Yagishita
- Kanagawa Agricultural Technology Center,
1617 Kamikisawa, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1204,
Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572,
Japan
| | - Yasuhide Hara
- Kanagawa Agricultural Technology Center,
1617 Kamikisawa, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1204,
Japan
- Kanagawa Agricultural Promotion Division,
1 Nihon-Odori, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-8588,
Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakayama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba,
1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572,
Japan
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO,
2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0852,
Japan
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10
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Yang KB, Meng FZ, Guo XF. [Effects of CO 2 fertilization on photosynthesis and growth of cut Anthurium andraeanum in solar greenhouse in winter]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2017; 28:1941-1947. [PMID: 29745157 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201706.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the problem of the acute shortage of CO2 in winter production of cut Anthurium andraeanum in solar greenhouse, the effect of CO2 fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics and growth performance of A. andraeanum 'Fire' was investigated. Three treatments with different concentrations of CO2 were designed, i.e., 700, 1000 and 1300 Μmol·mol-1, with receiving no extra CO2 as the control. The results showed that for the CO2-fertilized plants, the photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency were significantly greater than those in the control plants after CO2 fertilization for 60 days, and the largest increase range was observed in the 1000 Μmol·mol-1 CO2 treatment, whereas the stomata conductance was significantly reduced compared with the control. Meanwhile, the contents of soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein in CO2-fertilized plants were significantly higher than those in control plants. Moreover, the quality of cut flowers with CO2 fertilization was remarkably superior to control flowers in term of the parameters including spathe size, spathe color, peduncle length, leaf growth performance and peduncle growth rate. The most superior improvement was observed in the 1000 Μmol·mol-1 CO2 treatment. It was therefore concluded that CO2 fertilization of 1000 Μmol·mol-1 could effectively improve the winter production of cut A. andraeanum in solar greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Bin Yang
- Colloge of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Zhi Meng
- Colloge of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Feng Guo
- Colloge of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
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11
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Liu SS, Liu YB, Simmons GS. Oxygenated Phosphine Fumigation for Control of Light Brown Apple Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Eggs on Cut-Flowers. J Econ Entomol 2015; 108:1630-1636. [PMID: 26470303 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), eggs were subjected to oxygenated phosphine fumigation treatments under 70% oxygen on cut flowers to determine efficacy and safety. Five cut flower species: roses, lilies, tulips, gerbera daisy, and pompon chrysanthemums, were fumigated in separate groups with 2,500 ppm phosphine for 72 h at 5°C. Egg mortality and postharvest quality of cut flowers were determined after fumigation. Egg mortalities of 99.7-100% were achieved among the cut flower species. The treatment was safe to all cut flowers except gerbera daisy. A 96-h fumigation treatment with 2,200 ppm phosphine of eggs on chrysanthemums cut flowers also did not achieve complete control of light brown apple moth eggs. A simulation of fumigation in hermetically sealed fumigation chambers with gerbera daisy showed significant accumulations of carbon dioxide and ethylene by the end of 72-h sealing. However, oxygenated phosphine fumigations with carbon dioxide and ethylene absorbents did not reduce the injury to gerbera daisy, indicating that it is likely that phosphine may directly cause the injury to gerbera daisy cut flowers. The study demonstrated that oxygenated phosphine fumigation is effective against light brown apple moth eggs. However, it may not be able to achieve the probit9 quarantine level of control and the treatment was safe to most of the cut flower species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Liu
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Unit, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA
| | - Yong-Biao Liu
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Unit, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA.
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12
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Byrne JM, Hausbeck MK, Sconyers LE. Influence of Environment on Atmospheric Concentrations of Peronospora antirrhini Sporangia in Field-Grown Snapdragon. Plant Dis 2005; 89:1060-1066. [PMID: 30791273 DOI: 10.1094/pd-89-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hourly concentrations of airborne sporangia of Peronospora antirrhini at a commercial snapdragon farm were investigated over three growing seasons to determine the influence of the environment on their occurrence and concentration. Hourly concentrations of sporangia of P. antirrhini were estimated using a Burkard volumetric spore sampler. Atmospheric sporangial concentrations followed a diurnal pattern and were greatest during 0500 to 1200 h. Minimum daily temperatures <10.0°C appeared to have a moderate limiting effect on atmospheric sporangial concentrations, whereas temperatures <6.0°C had more severe limiting effects. Maximum daily temperatures ≥30.0°C limited concentrations of atmospheric sporangia. Long dew periods (≥6 h) were associated with relatively large sporangia releases. On 69 days (1999 to 2001), the total number of sporangia trapped was >100/m3/day, and the average length of leaf wetness duration prior to these releases was 11 h. Consecutive days with short leaf wetness periods were associated with low atmospheric sporangial concentrations. Significant positive correlations (P = 0.0502 and P = 0.0174) were found between total rainfall and total spore count for both research plots in 2000. Information gained from this study will contribute to the development of a disease management program that utilizes environmental cues to prompt fungicide applications, thus increasing the efficiency of fungicide programs and delaying the development of pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Byrne
- Diagnostician and Former Graduate Student
| | | | - L E Sconyers
- Research Associate, Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1311
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