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Huang EY, Inoue T, Leone VA, Dalal S, Touw K, Wang Y, Musch MW, Theriault B, Higuchi K, Donovan S, Gilbert J, Chang EB. Using corticosteroids to reshape the gut microbiome: implications for inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:963-72. [PMID: 25738379 PMCID: PMC4402247 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commensal gut microbiota play an important role in regulating metabolic and inflammatory conditions. Reshaping intestinal microbiota through pharmacologic means may be a viable treatment option. We sought to delineate the functional characteristics of glucocorticoid-mediated alterations on gut microbiota and their subsequent repercussions on host mucin regulation and colonic inflammation. METHODS Adult male C57Bl/6 mice, germ-free, Muc2-heterozygote (±), or Muc2-knockout (-/-) were injected with dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, for 4 weeks. Fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis through 16S rRNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplicon sequencing. Intestinal mucosa was collected for mucin gene expression studies. Germ-free mice were conventionalized with gut microbes from treated and nontreated groups to determine their functional capacities in recipient hosts. RESULTS Exposure to dexamethasone in wild-type mice led to substantial shifts in gut microbiota over a 4-week period. Furthermore, a significant downregulation of colonic Muc2 gene expression was observed after treatment. Muc2-knockout mice harbored a proinflammatory environment of gut microbes, characterized by the increase or decrease in prevalence of specific microbiota populations such as Clostridiales and Lactobacillaceae, respectively. This colitogenic phenotype was transmissible to IL10-knockout mice, a genetically susceptible model of colonic inflammatory disorders. Microbiota from donors pretreated with dexamethasone, however, ameliorated symptoms of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Commensal gut bacteria may be a key mediator of the anti-inflammatory effects observed in the large intestine after glucocorticoid exposure. These findings underscore the notion that intestinal microbes comprise a "microbial organ" essential for host physiology that can be targeted by therapeutic approaches to restore intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Y. Huang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Takuya Inoue
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Vanessa A. Leone
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Sushila Dalal
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Ketrija Touw
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yunwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Mark W. Musch
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Betty Theriault
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Sharon Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jack Gilbert
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 E. 57 St., Chicago, IL 606037
- Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Long TM, Chakrabarti A, Ezelle HJ, Brennan-Laun SE, Raufman JP, Polyakova I, Silverman RH, Hassel BA. RNase-L deficiency exacerbates experimental colitis and colitis-associated cancer. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:1295-305. [PMID: 23567782 DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e318281f2fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoribonuclease RNase-L is a type-I interferon (IFN)-regulated component of the innate immune response that functions in antiviral, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities. RNase-L produces RNA agonists of RIG-I-like receptors, sensors of cytosolic pathogen-associated RNAs that induce cytokines including IFN-β. IFN-β and RIG-I-like receptors signaling mediate protective responses against experimental colitis and colitis-associated cancer and contribute to gastrointestinal homeostasis. Therefore, we investigated a role for RNase-L in murine colitis and colitis-associated cancer and its association with RIG-I-like receptors signaling in response to bacterial RNA. METHODS Colitis was induced in wild type-deficient and RNase-L-deficient mice (RNase-L⁻/⁻) by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Colitis-associated cancer was induced by DSS and azoxymethane (AOM). Histological analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed on colon tissue to analyze immune cell infiltration and tissue damage after induction of colitis. Expression of cytokines was measured by quantitative real-time-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS DSS-treated RNase-L⁻/⁻ mice exhibited a significantly higher clinical score, delayed leukocyte infiltration, reduced expression of IFN-β, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-18 at early times post-DSS exposure, and increased mortality as compared with wild-type mice. DSS/AOM-treated RNase-L⁻/⁻ mice displayed an increased tumor burden. Bacterial RNA triggered IFN-β production in an RNase-L-dependent manner and provided a potential mechanism by which RNase-L contributes to the gastrointestinal immune response to microbiota and protects against experimental colitis and colitis-associated cancer. CONCLUSIONS RNase-L promotes the innate immune response to intestinal damage and ameliorates murine colitis and colitis-associated cancer. The RNase-L-dependent production of IFN-β stimulated by bacterial RNA may be a mechanism to protect against gastrointestinal inflammatory disease.
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Lennon EM, Maharshak N, Elloumi H, Borst L, Plevy SE, Moeser AJ. Early life stress triggers persistent colonic barrier dysfunction and exacerbates colitis in adult IL-10-/- mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:712-9. [PMID: 23446335 DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e3182802a4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has become increasingly evident that disease flares in the human inflammatory bowel diseases are influenced by life stress. It is known that life stress can trigger disturbances in intestinal barrier function and activate proinflammatory signaling pathways, which are important contributors to intestinal inflammation and clinical disease; however, the exact mechanisms of stress-induced inflammatory bowel disease exacerbations remain to be elucidated. Here, we presented a model of early life stress-induced exacerbation of colitis in interleukin (IL)-10 mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 wild-type and IL-10 mice were exposed to neonatal maternal separation (NMS) stress on postnatal days 1 to 18 and reared under normal conditions until 10 to 12 weeks of age. At this time, histopathology, colitis scores, intestinal barrier function, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and mast cell activity were evaluated. RESULTS NMS increased the severity of colitis IL-10 mice indicated by greater colitis scores and colonic proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. NMS and IL-10 increased colonic permeability; however, NMS alone did not induce colitis. Increased mast cell activation and colonic tryptase release were observed in IL-10 mice exposed to NMS, indicating mast cell activation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that colitis in IL-10 mice can be exacerbated by NMS stress. The precise mechanisms of enhanced colitis severity in NMS IL10 mice are unclear but persistent defects in intestinal barrier function likely play a contributing role. NMS serves as a novel model to investigate the mechanisms by which early life stress influences the development and course of inflammatory bowel disease in adulthood.
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Theiss AL, Laroui H, Obertone TS, Chowdhury I, Thompson WE, Merlin D, Sitaraman SV. Nanoparticle-based therapeutic delivery of prohibitin to the colonic epithelial cells ameliorates acute murine colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:1163-76. [PMID: 20872832 PMCID: PMC3012155 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal epithelial expression of antioxidants and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) contribute to mucosal barrier integrity and epithelial homeostasis, two key events in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Genetic restoration of intestinal epithelial prohibitin 1 (PHB) levels during experimental colitis reduces the severity of disease through sustained epithelial antioxidant expression and reduced NF-κB activation. To determine the therapeutic potential of restoring epithelial PHB during experimental colitis in mice, we assessed two methods of PHB colonic mucosal delivery: adenovirus-directed administration by enema and poly(lactic acid) nanoparticle (NPs) delivery by gavage. METHODS As a proof-of-principle to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of PHB, we utilized adenovirus-directed administration by enema. Second, we used NPs-based colonic delivery of biologically active PHB to demonstrate therapeutic use for human IBD. Colitis was induced by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in water for 6-7 days. Wildtype mice receiving normal tap water served as controls. RESULTS Both methods of delivery resulted in increased levels of PHB in the surface epithelial cells of the colon and reduced severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice as measured by body weight loss, clinical score, myeloperoxidase activity, proinflammatory cytokine expression, histological score, and protein carbonyl content. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show oral delivery of a biologically active protein by NPs encapsulated in hydrogel to the colon. Here we show that therapeutic delivery of PHB to the colon reduces the severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice. PHB may represent a novel therapeutic target in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne L. Theiss
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322,Address correspondence to: Arianne L. Theiss, Division of Digestive Diseases, 615 Michael Street, Whitehead Biomedical Research Building 265, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, Tel: 404-712-2862, Fax: 404-727-5767,
| | - Hamed Laroui
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Tracy S. Obertone
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Indrajit Chowdhury
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310
| | - Winston E. Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310
| | - Didier Merlin
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Shanthi V. Sitaraman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Bleich A, Büchler G, Beckwith J, Petell LM, Affourtit JP, King BL, Shaffer DJ, Roopenian DC, Hedrich HJ, Sundberg JP, Leiter EH. Cdcs1 a major colitis susceptibility locus in mice; subcongenic analysis reveals genetic complexity. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:765-75. [PMID: 19856416 PMCID: PMC2857671 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine-deficiency-induced colitis susceptibility (Cdcs)1 locus is a major modifier of murine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and was originally identified in experimental crosses of interleukin-10-deficient (Il10(-/-)) mice. Congenic mice, in which this locus was reciprocally transferred between IBD-susceptible C3H/HeJBir-Il10(-/-) and resistant C57BL/6J-Il10(-/-) mice, revealed that this locus likely acts by inducing innate hypo- and adaptive hyperresponsiveness, associated with impaired NF-kappaB responses of macrophages. The aim of the present study was to dissect the complexity of Cdcs1 by further development and characterization of reciprocal Cdcs1 congenic strains and to identify potential candidate genes in the congenic interval. METHODS In total, 15 reciprocal congenic strains were generated from Il10(-/-) mice of either C3H/HeJBir or C57BL/6J genetic backgrounds by 10 cycles of backcrossing. Colitis activity was monitored by histological grading. Candidate genes were identified by fine mapping of congenic intervals, sequencing, microarray analysis, and a high-throughput real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach using bone marrow-derived macrophages. RESULTS Within the originally identified Cdcs1-interval, 3 independent regions were detected that likely contain susceptibility-determining genetic factors (Cdcs1.1, Cdcs1.2, and Cdcs1.3). Combining results of candidate gene approaches revealed Fcgr1, Cnn3, Larp7, and Alpk1 as highly attractive candidate genes with polymorphisms in coding or regulatory regions and expression differences between susceptible and resistant mouse strains. CONCLUSIONS Subcongenic analysis of the major susceptibility locus Cdcs1 on mouse chromosome 3 revealed a complex genetic structure. Candidate gene approaches revealed attractive genes within the identified regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Bleich
- Insitute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Gwen Büchler
- Insitute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hans J. Hedrich
- Insitute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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Bleich A, Hopf S, Hedrich H, van Lith H, Li F, Sartor RB, Mähler M. Genetic dissection of granulomatous enterocolitis and arthritis in the intramural peptidoglycan-polysaccharide-treated rat model of IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15:1794-802. [PMID: 19526527 PMCID: PMC2889022 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory arthropathies are common extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). As genetic susceptibility plays an important role in the etiology of IBD, we questioned how granulomatous enterocolitis and arthritis are genetically controlled in an experimental animal model displaying both conditions. METHODS Chronic intestinal and systemic inflammation was induced by intramural injection of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS) polymers in the ileocecal region of female F2 progeny derived from susceptible LEW and resistant F344 rats. Animals were followed for 24 days after injection and phenotyped by evaluating gross gut lesions, liver weight and granulomas, hematocrit, white blood cell count, and change in rear ankle joint diameters. Coinheritance of the phenotypic parameters with polymorphic DNA markers was analyzed by genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. RESULTS Linkage analysis revealed significant QTLs for enterocolitis and/or related phenotypes (liver granulomas, white blood cell count) on chromosomes 8 and 17. The QTL on chromosome 8 also showed suggestive linkage to arthritis. Significant QTLs for arthritis were detected on chromosomes 10, 13, 15, and 17. Analyses of the modes of inheritance showed arthritogenic contributions by both parental genomes. In addition, several other loci with suggestive evidence for linkage to 1 or several phenotypes were found. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to PG-PS-induced chronic intestinal and systemic inflammation in rats is under complex multigenic control in which the genetic loci regulating arthritis are largely different from those controlling enterocolitis. Possible candidate genes within these QTL (including Tnfrsf11a/RANK, Gpc5, Il2ra, and Nfrkb) are also implicated in the respective human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S. Hopf
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H.J. Hedrich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H.A. van Lith
- Department of Animals, Science and Society, Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. Li
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - M. Mähler
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND CBir1 is a dominant antigen with a role in innate and adaptive immunity in mouse models of colitis and antibodies to CBir1 are associated with severe human Crohn's disease (CD). Our aim was to determine whether CBir1 stimulates innate and antigen-specific T-cell responses in CD. We demonstrate that CBir1 enhanced IL-6 and IL-1beta production by peripheral blood (PB) monocytes. METHODS Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for measurement of IL6 and IL1 expression. [(3)H] thymidine was used to measure T cell proliferation and Elispot assay was used to measure IFNgamma production. RESULTS IL-6 was significantly increased in monocytes from CD compared to controls and ulcerative colitis (UC). Anti-CBir1(+) patients and IL-6 was inversely correlated. A significant increase in CBir1-specific peripheral T-cell proliferation was more evident in cells from CD than controls and UC. CBir1 induced increased numbers of IFN-gamma(+) cells in lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) from CD compared to UC and controls. CONCLUSIONS CBir1 induces enhanced peripheral innate and peripheral and mucosal antigen-specific T-cell responses in CD. Consistent with results from the mouse, CBir1 immune activation could play a role in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shen
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Carol J. Landers
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Carrie Derkowski
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Stephan R. Targan
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentostatin, an adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor, is a purine antimetabolite used for the treatment of leukemias. ADA inhibition blunts expansion of proliferating lymphocytes and increases adenosine release, a potent anti-inflammatory molecule. Human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is driven by expansion of effector T cells (T(eff)) that overwhelm reulatory T cells (T(reg)) and propagate innate immune reponses. Here we study the therapeutic benefits of ADA inhibition to impair T(eff) cell expansion and reduce inflammatory cytokine release in IL-10-deficient (IL-10-/-) mice. METHODS Colitis was induced in IL-10-/- mice by administering piroxicam for two weeks. Mice were treated with daily pentostatin or phosphate-buffered saline for 1 week and effects on tissue inflammation, lymphocyte numbers and cytokine production examined. RESULTS Pentostatin reduced inflammation by >50% and nearly normalized serum amyloid A levels. Lymphocyte expansions in the colon and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) (3.5-fold and >5-fold respectively) dropped by >50-90%. Pro-inflammatory factors in the colon and MLN (IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-6, CXCL10, TNF) dropped whereas FoxP3 and TGF-beta were unchanged. Reductions in cytokine production from equivalent numbers of T cells from pentostatin-treated mice after in vitro (36h) or in vivo (3h) activation suggested anti-inflammatory effects of pentostatin independent of lymphodepletion contributed to its therapeutic benefit. Analysis of mucosal lymphocyte subsets suggested pentostatin reduced numbers of effector CD4+ CD69+ T cells, while sparing CD4+ CD62L+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Pentostatin dosages that avoid severe lymphocyte depletion effectively treat colitis by impairing T(eff) cell expansion and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production while preserving regulatory T(reg) populations and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Goo Lee
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gery R. Grimm
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Terrence A. Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Billerey-Larmonier C, Uno JK, Larmonier N, Midura AJ, Timmermann B, Ghishan FK, Kiela PR. Protective effects of dietary curcumin in mouse model of chemically induced colitis are strain dependent. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:780-93. [PMID: 18200517 PMCID: PMC4427520 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin (diferulolylmethane) has been shown to have a protective role in mouse models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and to reduce the relapse rate in human ulcerative colitis (UC), thus making it a potentially viable supportive treatment option. Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis in NKT-deficient SJL/J mice has been described as Th1-mediated inflammation, whereas BALB/c mice are believed to exhibit a mixed Th1/Th2 response. METHODS We therefore investigated the effect of dietary curcumin in colitis induced in these 2 strains. RESULTS In the BALB/c mice, curcumin significantly increased survival, prevented weight loss, and normalized disease activity. In the SJL/J mice, curcumin demonstrated no protective effects. Genomewide microarray analysis of colonic gene expression was employed to define the differential effect of curcumin in these 2 strains. This analysis not only confirmed the disparate responses of the 2 strains to curcumin but also indicated different responses to TNBS. Curcumin inhibited proliferation of splenocytes from naive BALB/c mice but not SJL/J mice when nonspecifically stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A (ConA). Proliferation of CD4(+) splenocytes was inhibited in both strains, albeit with about a 2-fold higher IC(50) in SJL/J mice. Secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 by CD4(+) lymphocytes of BALB/c mice but not SJL/J mice was significantly augmented by ConA and reduced to control levels by curcumin. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of dietary curcumin in TNBS colitis varies in BALB/c and SJL/J mouse strains. Although the exact mechanism underlying these differences is unclear, the results suggest that the therapeutic value of dietary curcumin may differ depending on the nature of immune dysregulation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Billerey-Larmonier
- Department of Pediatrics, Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85724, USA
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