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Fickert P, Pollheimer MJ, Silbert D, Moustafa T, Halilbasic E, Krones E, Durchschein F, Thüringer A, Zollner G, Denk H, Trauner M. Differential effects of norUDCA and UDCA in obstructive cholestasis in mice. J Hepatol 2013; 58:1201-8. [PMID: 23369794 PMCID: PMC3650580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The quest for effective drugs to treat cholangiopathies led to the development of norUDCA previously shown to have potent choleretic effects and to heal cholangiopathy in Abcb4 knockout (Abcb4(-/-)) mice. Its mother compound UDCA had detrimental effects in common bile duct ligated (CBDL) mice, presumably related to its choleretic effects. norUDCA choleretic effects may therefore raise safety concerns when used in cholangiopathies with biliary obstruction. We therefore aimed at comparing the effects of UDCA and norUDCA in clear-cut obstructive cholestasis. METHODS 0.5% UDCA- or norUDCA-fed wild type and Abcb4(-/-) mice were subjected to CBDL or selective bile duct ligation (SBDL) and compared to controls with regard to liver injury. Bile flow, bile composition, and biliary manometry were compared in UDCA-fed, norUDCA-fed and control mice. Toxicity of UDCA and norUDCA was compared in vitro. RESULTS Compared to UDCA, liver injury in CBDL mice was significantly lower in almost all norUDCA groups. In SBDL mice, only UDCA induced bile infarcts in the ligated lobes, whereas norUDCA even ameliorated liver injury. In vitro, UDCA induced cellular ATP depletion and was significantly more toxic than norUDCA in HepG2 cells, mouse bile duct epithelial cells, and primary human hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Compared to norUDCA, UDCA is significantly more toxic in CBDL mice. norUDCA, in contrast to UDCA, significantly ameliorates liver injury in SBDL mice. Our findings uncover profound differences in metabolism and therapeutic mechanisms of both bile acids with important clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fickert
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- Corresponding authors. Addressess: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria. Tel.: +43 (0) 316/385 17104; fax: +43 (0) 316/385 17560 (P. Fickert). Department of Medicine III, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43 (0) 1/40400 4741; fax: +43 (0) 1/40400 4735 (M. Trauner).
| | - Marion J. Pollheimer
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Silbert
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Tarek Moustafa
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Emina Halilbasic
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Krones
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Franziska Durchschein
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gernot Zollner
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Denk
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding authors. Addressess: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria. Tel.: +43 (0) 316/385 17104; fax: +43 (0) 316/385 17560 (P. Fickert). Department of Medicine III, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43 (0) 1/40400 4741; fax: +43 (0) 1/40400 4735 (M. Trauner).
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Amatschek S, Wilflingseder J, Pones M, Kainz A, Bodingbauer M, Mühlbacher F, Langer RM, Gerlei Z, Oberbauer R. The effect of steroid pretreatment of deceased organ donors on liver allograft function: a blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Hepatol 2012; 56:1305-9. [PMID: 22326464 PMCID: PMC3355301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Brain death-associated inflammatory response contributes to increased risk of impaired early liver allograft function, which might be counterbalanced by steroid pretreatment of the organ donor. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to elucidate whether steroid pretreatment of liver donors improves early liver allograft function, prevents rejection and prolongs survival. METHODS A placebo-controlled blinded randomized clinical trial was performed in three different centers in Austria and Hungary between 2006 and 2008. Ninety deceased organ donors received either 1000 mg of methylprednisolone or placebo 6h before recovery of organs. The primary end point was the concentration slope of transaminases within the first week. The secondary end point included survival and biopsy-confirmed acute rejection (BCAR) within 3 years after transplantation. RESULTS Of the 90 randomized donors, 83 recipients were eligible for study. The trajectories of ALT and AST were not different between treatments (p=0.40 and p=0.13, respectively). Eight subjects died in the steroid and 13 in the placebo group within 3 years after engraftment (RR=0.63 95% CI [0.29,1.36], p=0.31). Eleven recipients experienced biopsy-confirmed rejection (BCAR) in the steroid and 11 in the placebo group (RR=1.02 95% CI [0.50,2.10], p=1.00). No effect modification could be identified in the predefined strata of donor age, sex, cold ischemic time, and cause of donor death. CONCLUSIONS Steroid pretreatment of organ donors did not improve outcomes after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Amatschek
- KH Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria,Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Wilflingseder
- KH Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria,Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Pones
- Department of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kainz
- KH Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria,Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Robert M. Langer
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Gerlei
- Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- KH Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria,Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Austria,Corresponding author. Address: Department of Internal Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43 1 40400 4390; fax: +43 1 40400 4392.
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Peterson TM, Gow AJ, Luckhart S. Nitric oxide metabolites induced in Anopheles stephensi control malaria parasite infection. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:132-42. [PMID: 17157200 PMCID: PMC1764505 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 10/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malaria parasite infection in anopheline mosquitoes is limited by inflammatory levels of nitric oxide metabolites. To assess the mechanisms of parasite stasis or toxicity, we investigated the biochemistry of these metabolites within the blood-filled mosquito midgut. Our data indicate that nitrates, but not nitrites, are elevated in the Plasmodium-infected midgut. Although levels of S-nitrosothiols do not change with infection, blood proteins are S-nitrosylated after ingestion by the mosquito. In addition, photolyzable nitric oxide, which can be attributed to metal nitrosyls, is elevated after infection and, based on the abundance of hemoglobin, likely includes heme iron nitrosyl. The persistence of oxyhemoglobin throughout blood digestion and changes in hemoglobin conformation in response to infection suggest that hemoglobin catalyzes the synthesis of nitric oxide metabolites in a reducing environment. Provision of urate, a potent reductant and scavenger of oxidants and nitrating agents, as a dietary supplement to mosquitoes increased parasite infection levels relative to allantoin-fed controls, suggesting that nitrosative and/or oxidative stresses negatively impact developing parasites. Collectively, our results reveal a unique role for nitric oxide in an oxyhemoglobin-rich environment. In contrast to facilitating oxygen delivery by hemoglobin in the mammalian vasculature, nitric oxide synthesis in the blood-filled mosquito midgut drives the formation of toxic metabolites that limit parasite development.
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Key Words
- malaria
- plasmodium
- mosquito
- immunity
- anopheles
- nitric oxide
- hemoglobin
- ap, alkaline phosphatase
- asnos, anopheles stephensi nitric oxide synthase
- dtt, dithiothreitol
- gsno, s-nitrosoglutathione
- icr, institute of cancer research
- i, malaria parasite-infected
- kd, kilodalton
- methb, deoxygenated hemoglobin
- name, ng-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester
- nb, non-bloodfed
- nox, nitrogen oxides
- ntyr, nitrotyrosine
- oxyhb, oxygenated hemoglobin
- pbm, post-bloodmeal or post-bloodfeeding
- pn, peroxynitrite
- rnnos, n-nitroso compounds
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- page, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- sem, standard error of the mean
- snap, s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
- sno, s-nitrosothiol
- u, uninfected
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Gow
- Department of Pharmacology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis CA
- Address correspondence and reprints to: Shirley Luckhart, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 3437 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis CA 95616 USA; Tel: (530) 754-6963, Fax: (530) 752-8692, E-mail:
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Alken M, Rutz C, Köchl R, Donalies U, Oueslati M, Furkert J, Wietfeld D, Hermosilla R, Scholz A, Beyermann M, Rosenthal W, Schülein R. The signal peptide of the rat corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 promotes receptor expression but is not essential for establishing a functional receptor. Biochem J 2005; 390:455-64. [PMID: 15901239 PMCID: PMC1198925 DOI: 10.1042/bj20050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Revised: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 5-10% of the GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) contain N-terminal signal peptides that are cleaved off during receptor insertion into the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane by the signal peptidases of the ER. The reason as to why only a subset of GPCRs requires these additional signal peptides is not known. We have recently shown that the signal peptide of the human ET(B)-R (endothelin B receptor) does not influence receptor expression but is necessary for the translocation of the receptor's N-tail across the ER membrane and thus for the establishment of a functional receptor [Köchl, Alken, Rutz, Krause, Oksche, Rosenthal and Schülein (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 16131-16138]. In the present study, we show that the signal peptide of the rat CRF-R1 (corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1) has a different function: a mutant of the CRF-R1 lacking the signal peptide was functional and displayed wild-type properties with respect to ligand binding and activation of adenylate cyclase. However, immunoblot analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the mutant receptor was expressed at 10-fold lower levels than the wild-type receptor. Northern-blot and in vitro transcription translation analyses precluded the possibility that the reduced receptor expression is due to decreased transcription or translation levels. Thus the signal peptide of the CRF-R1 promotes an early step of receptor biogenesis, such as targeting of the nascent chain to the ER membrane and/or the gating of the protein-conducting translocon of the ER membrane.
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Key Words
- corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (crf-r1)
- endoplasmic reticulum
- functional receptor
- g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr)
- signal peptide
- translocon
- ap, alkaline phosphatase
- crf-r1, corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1
- dpbs, dulbecco's pbs
- er, endoplasmic reticulum
- et-1, endothelin-1
- etb-r, endothelin b receptor
- gfp, green fluorescent protein
- gpcr, g-protein-coupled receptor
- hek-293 cell, human embryonic kidney 293 cell
- ip, inositol phosphate
- pngase f, peptide n-glycosidase f
- prp, prion protein
- srp, signal recognition particle
- tm domain, transmembrane domain
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Alken
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Rutz
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Köchl
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Donalies
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Morad Oueslati
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Furkert
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Doreen Wietfeld
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ricardo Hermosilla
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- †Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Thielallee 67-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Scholz
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Beyermann
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter Rosenthal
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- †Institut für Pharmakologie, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Thielallee 67-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schülein
- *Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Overk CR, Yao P, Chadwick LR, Nikolic D, Sun Y, Cuendet MA, Deng Y, Hedayat A, Pauli GF, Farnsworth NR, van Breemen RB, Bolton JL. Comparison of the in vitro estrogenic activities of compounds from hops (Humulus lupulus) and red clover (Trifolium pratense). J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53:6246-53. [PMID: 16076101 PMCID: PMC1815392 DOI: 10.1021/jf050448p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Because the prevailing form of hormone replacement therapy is associated with the development of cancer in breast and endometrial tissues, alternatives are needed for the management of menopausal symptoms. Formulations of Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) are being used to alleviate menopause-associated hot flashes but have shown mixed results in clinical trials. The strobiles of Humulus lupulusL. (hops) have been reported to contain the prenylflavanone, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), as the most estrogenic constituent, and this was confirmed using an estrogen receptor ligand screening assay utilizing ultrafiltration mass spectrometry. Extracts of hops and red clover and their individual constituents including 8-PN, 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN), isoxanthohumol (IX), and xanthohumol (XN) from hops and daidzein, formononetin, biochanin A, and genistein from red clover were compared using a variety of in vitro estrogenic assays. The IC50 values for the estrogen receptor alpha and beta binding assays were 15 and 27 microg/mL, respectively, for hops and 18.0 and 2.0 microg/mL, respectively, for the red clover extract. Both of the extracts, genistein, and 8-PN activated the estrogen response element (ERE) in Ishikawa cells while the extracts, biochanin A, genistein, and 8-PN, significantly induced ERE-luciferase expression in MCF-7 cells. Hop and red clover extracts as well as 8-PN up-regulated progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA in the Ishikawa cell line. In the MCF-7 cell line, PR mRNA was significantly up-regulated by the extracts, biochanin A, genistein, 8-PN, and IX. The two extracts had EC50 values of 1.1 and 1.9 microg/mL, respectively, in the alkaline phosphatase induction assay. On the basis of these data, hops and red clover could be attractive for the development as herbal dietary supplements to alleviate menopause-associated symptoms.
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Key Words
- alkaline phosphatase
- estrogen receptor
- hops
- humulus lupulus
- menopause
- progesterone receptor
- red clover
- trifolium pratense
- 6-pn, 6-prenylnaringenin
- 8-pn, 8-prenylnaringenin
- ap, alkaline phosphatase
- cbs, calf bovine serum
- dmem/f12, dulbecco’s modified eagle/f12 medium
- e2,17β-estradiol
- edta, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- er, estrogen receptor
- ere, estrogen-responsive element
- fbs, fetal bovine serum
- haps, hydroxyapatite slurry
- ix, isoxanthohumol
- meme, minimum essential medium
- neaa, non-essential amino acids
- pr, progesterone receptor
- srb, sulforhodamine b
- tca, trichloroacetic acid
- whi, women’s health initiative
- xn, xanthohumol
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia R. Overk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 USA
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 USA
| | - Lucas R. Chadwick
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 USA
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 USA
| | - Yongkai Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 USA
| | - Muriel A. Cuendet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 USA
| | - Yunfan Deng
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan Street, M/C 249, Chicago, Illinois 60607 USA
| | - A.S. Hedayat
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan Street, M/C 249, Chicago, Illinois 60607 USA
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 USA
| | - Norman R. Farnsworth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 USA
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 USA
| | - Judy L. Bolton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, M/C 781, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612 USA
- *Corresponding author. Tel.: (312)-996-5280; Fax: (312)-996-7107;
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Abstract
An understanding of the nature of immune protection and the role of immune effector products such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the control of infectious disease is fundamental to the rational design of effective vaccines and immunotherapeutic reagents. Murine monoclonal and sheep polyclonal antibodies (mAbs and pAbs) to feline IFN-gamma (fIFN-gamma) were generated firstly to facilitate further research into the role of cellular immune responses in the control of feline infectious disease, and secondly to enable evaluation of the efficacy of novel immunotherapeutic approaches. A hybridoma clone, D9, secreting IgG1 antibodies was selected for expansion and the mAbs affinity purified in vitro. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in a sheep against recombinant fIFN-gamma and affinity purified. The sensitivity of the D9 mAb and the sheep anti-fIFN-gamma pAb was determined using an indirect fIFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblots. These antibodies were assessed for their ability to detect the production of fIFN-gamma by specific feline T cell populations ex vivo following coculture with mitogen or feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) antigens for 4 h in the presence of the protein secretion inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA). Production of fIFN-gamma was evaluated using flow cytometry to simultaneously detect PE-labelled surface molecules and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled intracellular fIFN-gamma. Using this approach, our initial studies revealed an upregulation in virus-specific fIFN-gamma-secreting CD4(+)T cells in the lymph nodes of FeLV latently infected cats.
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Key Words
- ifn-γ
- antifeline antibodies
- feline cytokines
- feline leukaemia virus
- ap, alkaline phosphatase
- bfa, brefeldin a
- con a, concanavalin a
- elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- fcov, feline coronavirus
- felv, feline leukaemia virus
- fitc, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- fiv, feline immunodeficiency virus
- hiv, human immunodeficiency virus
- ifn-γ, interferon-γ
- pe, phycoerythrin
- rt, room temperature
- spf, specific pathogen free
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Graham
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, G61 1QH Glasgow, UK
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