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Bulluck H, White SK, Rosmini S, Bhuva A, Treibel TA, Fontana M, Abdel-Gadir A, Herrey A, Manisty C, Wan SMY, Groves A, Menezes L, Moon JC, Hausenloy DJ. T1 mapping and T2 mapping at 3T for quantifying the area-at-risk in reperfused STEMI patients. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:73. [PMID: 26264813 PMCID: PMC4534126 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether T1-mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can accurately quantify the area-at-risk (AAR) as delineated by T2 mapping and assess myocardial salvage at 3T in reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients is not known and was investigated in this study. METHODS 18 STEMI patients underwent CMR at 3T (Siemens Bio-graph mMR) at a median of 5 (4-6) days post primary percutaneous coronary intervention using native T1 (MOLLI) and T2 mapping (WIP #699; Siemens Healthcare, UK). Matching short-axis T1 and T2 maps covering the entire left ventricle (LV) were assessed by two independent observers using manual, Otsu and 2 standard deviation thresholds. Inter- and intra-observer variability, correlation and agreement between the T1 and T2 mapping techniques on a per-slice and per patient basis were assessed. RESULTS A total of 125 matching T1 and T2 mapping short-axis slices were available for analysis from 18 patients. The acquisition times were identical for the T1 maps and T2 maps. 18 slices were excluded due to suboptimal image quality. Both mapping sequences were equally prone to susceptibility artifacts in the lateral wall and were equally likely to be affected by microvascular obstruction requiring manual correction. The Otsu thresholding technique performed best in terms of inter- and intra-observer variability for both T1 and T2 mapping CMR. The mean myocardial infarct size was 18.8 ± 9.4 % of the LV. There was no difference in either the mean AAR (32.3 ± 11.5 % of the LV versus 31.6 ± 11.2 % of the LV, P = 0.25) or myocardial salvage index (0.40 ± 0.26 versus 0.39 ± 0.27, P = 0.20) between the T1 and T2 mapping techniques. On a per-slice analysis, there was an excellent correlation between T1 mapping and T2 mapping in the quantification of the AAR with an R(2) of 0.95 (P < 0.001), with no bias (mean ± 2SD: bias 0.0 ± 9.6 %). On a per-patient analysis, the correlation and agreement remained excellent with no bias (R(2) 0.95, P < 0.0001, bias 0.7 ± 5.1 %). CONCLUSIONS T1 mapping CMR at 3T performed as well as T2 mapping in quantifying the AAR and assessing myocardial salvage in reperfused STEMI patients, thereby providing an alternative CMR measure of the the AAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heerajnarain Bulluck
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
- The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Steven K White
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
- The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Stefania Rosmini
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Anish Bhuva
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Marianna Fontana
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Amna Abdel-Gadir
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Anna Herrey
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | | | - Simon M Y Wan
- UCL Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Ashley Groves
- UCL Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Leon Menezes
- UCL Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - James C Moon
- The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
- The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
- The Heart Hospital, University College London Hospital, London, UK.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Mueller M, Herzog C, Larmann J, Schmitz M, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Gessner JE, Theilmeier G. The receptor for activated complement factor 5 (C5aR) conveys myocardial ischemic damage by mediating neutrophil transmigration. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1131-8. [PMID: 23642836 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tissue loss after myocardial ischemia with reperfusion (MI/R) is in part conveyed by neutrophil recruitment to post-ischemic myocardium. Strategies to prevent reperfusion injury would help to limit myocardial damage. The receptor for activated complement factor 5 (C5aR) plays a prominent role in inflammation. We examine the effects of C5aR-deficiency on reperfusion injury after MI/R. C5aR(-/-)-mice and their C57BL/6- (WT) littermates underwent transient myocardial ischemia followed by different time points of reperfusion. Infarct size and leukocyte infiltration were determined. Expression of C5aR, inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions were assessed by low-shear adhesion- and transmigration-assays in vitro. Myocardial C5aR mRNA expression was 2.8-fold increased by ischemia. Infarct size per area-at-risk and leukocyte recruitment into infarctions were reduced in C5aR(-/-)-compared to WT-mice as well as in WT mice treated with the C5aR-antagonist JPE1375. IL-6, IL-1β, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression were not different, while TNFα expression was reduced in C5aR(-/-)-mice after MI/R. In vitro, C5aR on leukocytes is required for effective transendothelial migration but not adhesion. Expression of MMP9 and JAM-A, molecules that are involved in leukocyte transmigration, were reduced in C5aR(-/-) mice in vivo. Genetic C5aR deficiency blunts the inflammatory response in murine MI/R resulting in reduced inflammatory cell recruitment, which is due to a C5aR-dependent effect on leukocyte transmigration across inflamed endothelium into the ischemic myocardium. This effect could be related to MMP9- and JAM-A expression in response to ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mueller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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