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Kussie HC, Hahn W, Sivaraj D, Quintero F, Knochel A, Alfsharif AM, Yasmeh JP, Fischer K, Mojadidi S, Hostler A, Granoski M, McKenna E, Henn D, Litmanovich B, Miller AA, Schurr DK, Li VW, Li WW, Gurtner GC, Chen K. Avenanthramide and β-Glucan Therapeutics Accelerate Wound Healing Via Distinct and Nonoverlapping Mechanisms. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2024; 13:155-166. [PMID: 38299969 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2023.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Given the significant economic, health care, and personal burden of acute and chronic wounds, we investigated the dose dependent wound healing mechanisms of two Avena sativa derived compounds: avenanthramide (AVN) and β-Glucan. Approach: We utilized a splinted excisional wound model that mimics human-like wound healing and performed subcutaneous AVN and β-Glucan injections in 15-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis was performed on the explanted scar tissue to assess changes in collagen architecture and cellular responses. Results: AVN and β-Glucan treatment provided therapeutic benefits at a 1% dose by weight in a phosphate-buffered saline vehicle, including accelerated healing time, beneficial cellular recruitment, and improved tissue architecture of healed scars. One percent AVN treatment promoted an extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture similar to unwounded skin, with shorter, more randomly aligned collagen fibers and reduced inflammatory cell presence in the healed tissue. One percent β-Glucan treatment promoted a tissue architecture characterized by long, thick bundles of collagen with increased blood vessel density. Innovation: AVN and β-Glucan have previously shown promise in promoting wound healing, although the therapeutic efficacies and mechanisms of these bioactive compounds remain incompletely understood. Furthermore, the healed ECM architecture of these wounds has not been characterized. Conclusions: AVN and β-Glucan accelerated wound closure compared to controls through distinct mechanisms. AVN-treated scars displayed a more regenerative tissue architecture with reduced inflammatory cell recruitment, while β-Glucan demonstrated increased angiogenesis with more highly aligned tissue architecture more indicative of fibrosis. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving healing in these two naturally derived therapeutics will be important for translation to human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson C Kussie
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - William Hahn
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dharshan Sivaraj
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Filiberto Quintero
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Amelia Knochel
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Jonathan P Yasmeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Katharina Fischer
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sultana Mojadidi
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew Hostler
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Maia Granoski
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Eamonn McKenna
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dominic Henn
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ben Litmanovich
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Vincent W Li
- The Angiogenesis Foundation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William W Li
- The Angiogenesis Foundation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kellen Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Wankhede NL, Kale MB, Bawankule AK, Aglawe MM, Taksande BG, Trivedi RV, Umekar MJ, Jamadagni A, Walse P, Koppula S, Kopalli SR. Overview on the Polyphenol Avenanthramide in Oats ( Avena sativa Linn.) as Regulators of PI3K Signaling in the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3751. [PMID: 37686782 PMCID: PMC10489942 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Avenanthramides (Avns) and their derivatives, a group of polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in oats (Avena sativa Linn.), have emerged as promising candidates for neuroprotection due to their immense antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons, present a significant global health burden with limited therapeutic options. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cell survival, growth, and metabolism, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The dysregulation of PI3K signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various NDDs including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Avns have been shown to modulate PI3K/AKT signaling, leading to increased neuronal survival, reduced oxidative stress, and improved cognitive function. This review explores the potential of Avn polyphenols as modulators of the PI3K signaling pathway, focusing on their beneficial effects against NDDs. Further, we outline the need for clinical exploration to elucidate the specific mechanisms of Avn action on the PI3K/AKT pathway and its potential interactions with other signaling cascades involved in neurodegeneration. Based on the available literature, using relevant keywords from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science, our review emphasizes the potential of using Avns as a therapeutic strategy for NDDs and warrants further investigation and clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu L. Wankhede
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur B. Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwini K. Bawankule
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish M. Aglawe
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Brijesh G. Taksande
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi V. Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind J. Umekar
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankush Jamadagni
- Fortem Bioscience Private Limited, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Prathamesh Walse
- Fortem Bioscience Private Limited, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Pretorius CJ, Dubery IA. Avenanthramides, Distinctive Hydroxycinnamoyl Conjugates of Oat, Avena sativa L.: An Update on the Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Bioactivities. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1388. [PMID: 36987077 PMCID: PMC10055937 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Avenanthramides are a group of N-cinnamoylanthranilic acids (phenolic alkaloid compounds) that are produced in oat plants as phytoalexins, in response to pathogen attack and elicitation. The enzyme catalysing the cinnamamide-generating reaction is hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HHT, a member of the super family of BAHD acyltransferases). HHT from oat appears to have a narrow range of substrate usage, with preferred use of 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid (and to a lesser extent, other hydroxylated and methoxylated derivatives) as acceptor molecules, but is able to use both substituted cinnamoyl-CoA and avenalumoyl-CoA thioesters as donor molecules. Avenanthramides thus combine carbon skeletons from both the stress-inducible shikimic acid and phenylpropanoid pathways. These features contribute to the chemical characteristics of avenanthramides as multifunctional plant defence compounds, as antimicrobial agents and anti-oxidants. Although avenanthramides are naturally and uniquely synthesised in oat plants, these molecules also exhibit medicinal and pharmaceutical uses important for human health, prompting research into utilisation of biotechnology to enhance agriculture and value-added production.
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Liu P, Zhang M, Liu T, Mo R, Wang H, Zhang G, Wu Y. Avenanthramide Improves Colonic Damage Induced by Food Allergies in Mice through Altering Gut Microbiota and Regulating Hsp70-NF-κB Signaling. Nutrients 2023; 15:992. [PMID: 36839351 PMCID: PMC9962348 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergies can cause intestinal damage that can exacerbate allergic symptoms, and gut microbiota have been shown to influence allergic development. This study was intended to investigate the effects of Avenanthramide (AVA) on colonic damage induced by food allergy and its mechanism. In Exp. 1, AVA administrations alleviated colonic inflammation in mice challenged with ovalbumin, as shown by decreased concentrations of TNF-α, IL-25 and IL-33. Additionally, the AVA supplementations improved intestinal barrier damage by elevating occludin, ZO-1 and claudin-1 levels. Moreover, AVA inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation and enhanced heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in the colon. In Exp. 2, apoptozole as a Hsp70 inhibitor was used to explore the Hsp70-NF-κB signaling contribution to AVA function. The AVA additions increased the productions of acetate and butyrate, but decreased propionate. Notably, AVA reduced the colonic abundance of propionate-producing microbes such as Muribaculaceae, but elevated butyrate-producing microbes including Roseburia, Blautia, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Microbial alteration could be responsible for the increased butyrate, and thus the up-regulated Hsp70. However, apoptozole treatment eliminated the effects of AVA. Our study revealed that AVA improved colonic injury and inflammation induced by food allergies, and this mechanism may be mediated by the increased microbial-derived butyrate and involved in the Hsp70-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu P, Liu T, Zhang M, Mo R, Zhou W, Li D, Wu Y. Effects of Avenanthramide on the Small Intestinal Damage through Hsp70-NF-κB Signaling in an Ovalbumin-Induced Food Allergy Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315229. [PMID: 36499554 PMCID: PMC9739943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A food allergy is caused by an abnormal immune reaction and can induce serious intestinal inflammation and tissue damage. Currently, the avoidance of food allergens is still the most effective way to prevent or reduce allergic symptoms, so the development of new strategies to treat allergies is important. Avenanthramide (AVA) is a bioactive polyphenol derived from oats with a wide range of biological activities; however, it is still not clear whether or how AVA alleviates intestinal damage under allergic situations. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of AVA on the small intestinal damage in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy model and its mechanism. In experiment 1, 10 mg/kg bw and 20 mg/kg bw doses of AVA both decreased the serum levels of OVA-specific IgE, histamine, and prostaglandin D induced by OVA. The AVA administration relieved inflammation indicated by the lower serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The levels of tight junction proteins including Claudin-1, ZO-1, and Occludin in the jejunum were elevated after AVA administration, accompanied by the improved intestinal morphology. Furthermore, AVA elevated the protein expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), thus the apoptozole, which a Hsp70 inhibitor, was applied in experiment 2 to assess the contribution of Hsp70-NF-κB signaling to the effects of AVA. In the experiment 2, the inhibition of Hsp70 signaling treatment abolished the beneficial effects of AVA on the small intestinal damage and other allergic symptoms in mice challenged with OVA. Taken together, our results indicated that AVA exerted an intestinal protection role in the OVA-induced allergy, the mechanism of which was partly mediated by the Hsp70-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Wu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-6273-3588
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Brzozowski LJ, Hu H, Campbell MT, Broeckling CD, Caffe M, Gutiérrez L, Smith KP, Sorrells ME, Gore MA, Jannink JL. Selection for seed size has uneven effects on specialized metabolite abundance in oat (Avena sativa L.). G3 (Bethesda) 2022; 12:6459173. [PMID: 34893823 PMCID: PMC9210299 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant breeding strategies to optimize metabolite profiles are necessary to develop health-promoting food crops. In oats (Avena sativa L.), seed metabolites are of interest for their antioxidant properties, yet have not been a direct target of selection in breeding. In a diverse oat germplasm panel spanning a century of breeding, we investigated the degree of variation of these specialized metabolites and how it has been molded by selection for other traits, like yield components. We also ask if these patterns of variation persist in modern breeding pools. Integrating genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and phenotypic analyses for three types of seed specialized metabolites—avenanthramides, avenacins, and avenacosides—we found reduced heritable genetic variation in modern germplasm compared with diverse germplasm, in part due to increased seed size associated with more intensive breeding. Specifically, we found that abundance of avenanthramides increases with seed size, but additional variation is attributable to expression of biosynthetic enzymes. In contrast, avenacoside abundance decreases with seed size and plant breeding intensity. In addition, these different specialized metabolites do not share large-effect loci. Overall, we show that increased seed size associated with intensive plant breeding has uneven effects on the oat seed metabolome, but variation also exists independently of seed size to use in plant breeding. This work broadly contributes to our understanding of how plant breeding has influenced plant traits and tradeoffs between traits (like growth and defense) and the genetic bases of these shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Brzozowski
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Haixiao Hu
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Malachy T Campbell
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Corey D Broeckling
- Bioanalysis and Omics Center of the Analytical Resources Core, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Melanie Caffe
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - Lucía Gutiérrez
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kevin P Smith
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Mark E Sorrells
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael A Gore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Jannink
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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Kim IS, Hwang CW, Yang WS, Kim CH. Multiple Antioxidative and Bioactive Molecules of Oats ( Avena sativa L.) in Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091454. [PMID: 34573086 PMCID: PMC8471765 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oats (Avena sativa L.) are rich in protein, fiber, calcium, vitamins (B, C, E, and K), amino acids, and antioxidants (beta-carotene, polyphenols, chlorophyll, and flavonoids). β-glucan and avenanthramides improve the immune system, eliminate harmful substances from the body, reduce blood cholesterol, and help with dietary weight loss by enhancing the lipid profile and breaking down fat in the body. β-glucan regulates insulin secretion, preventing diabetes. Progladins also lower cholesterol levels, suppress the accumulation of triglycerides, reduce blood sugar levels, suppress inflammation, and improve skin health. Saponin-based avanacosidase and functional substances of flavone glycoside improve the immune function, control inflammation, and prevent infiltration in the skin. Moreover, lignin and phytoestrogen prevent hormone-related cancer and improve the quality of life of postmenopausal women. Sprouted oats are rich in saponarin in detoxifying the liver. The literatures have been reviewed and the recent concepts and prospects have been summarized with figures and tables. This review discusses recent trends in research on the functionality of oats rather than their nutritional value with individual immunity for self-medication. The oat and its acting components have been revisited for the future prospect and development of human healthy and functional sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Sup Kim
- Advanced Bio-Resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Cher-Won Hwang
- Global Leadership School, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-S.Y.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Woong-Suk Yang
- Nodaji Co., Ltd., Pohang 37927, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-S.Y.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-S.Y.); (C.-H.K.)
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Raj P, Ames N, Joseph Thandapilly S, Yu L, Netticadan T. The effects of oat ingredients on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13402. [PMID: 32713035 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the blood pressure (BP) lowering and cardioprotective effects of oat avenanthramide C and beta-glucan alone or in combination in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Five-weeks-old male SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats received vehicle, avenanthramide C and beta-glucan alone or a combination of avenanthramide C and beta-glucan via gavage for 15 weeks. BP was measured at 0, 10, and 15 weeks of treatment. Echocardiography was performed at 15 weeks of treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation were also measured. Beta-glucan alone prevented the increase in systolic and diastolic BP in SHR, but avenanthramide C alone or the combination did not prevent the increase in systolic and diastolic BP. SHRs treated with beta-glucan and not avenanthramide C or the combination reduced isovolumetric relaxation time when compared to SHR treated with vehicle. Beta-glucan and avenanthramide C decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress in SHR. In conclusion, beta-glucan is a potential antihypertensive agent that may alleviate cardiovascular abnormalities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Oats products are believed to contain many bioactives that possess potential beneficial properties against chronic diseases. Specifically, oats beta-glucan has been well-established for its efficacy in positively modulating the risk factor for dyslipidemia. This preliminary in vivo study shows that beta-glucan is a potential antihypertensive agent that may alleviate cardiac dysfunction as well. In light of the current findings, further human studies may establish the efficacy of oats beta-glucan in hypertensive patients alongside the current antihypertensive medications. This novel attribute established via rigorous studies may provide an impetus for oats products and oats industry. Last but not least, it will also help improve the cardiovascular disease burden in a cost-effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pema Raj
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nancy Ames
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Lee JH, Lee BK, Park HH, Lee BW, Woo KS, Kim HJ, Han SI, Lee YY. Oat germination and ultrafiltration process improves the polyphenol and avenanthramide contents with protective effect in oxidative-damaged HepG2 cells. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12799. [PMID: 31353574 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oat is the nutritious crop containing various compounds with antioxidant properties, such as polyphenols. In this study, we investigated the effect of germination and ultrafiltration process on polyphenol and avenanthramide contents in oat as well as their cytoprotective effect. Germination of oat for 48 hr significantly increased avenanthramide (5.5 to 11.3 mg/g) and polyphenol (115 to 155 mg GAE/g) contents. The compounds were more concentrated after ultrafiltration using 10 kDa membranes (polyphenol, 206 GAE/g; avenanthramide, 18 mg/g). In addition, oat extracts significantly reduced the cellular ROS level against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) stimulation in HepG2 cells. In the mechanistic study, oat extracts induced Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus by inhibition of Keap1 expression, resulting into upregulation of γ-GCS and NQO1. In conclusion, oat germination and ultrafiltration processes increased the polyphenol content, including that of avenanthramide. These extracts protected cells from t-BHP by radical scavenging activities and induced Nrf2 pathway activation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study presents the method for avenanthramide-concentrated extract which is unique bioactive compounds in oat. In addition, antioxidant activity and their mechanisms of the avenanthramide-enriched extracts were evaluated. The polyphenol compounds including avenanthramide were found to increase after germination and ultrafiltration, thereby improving the radical scavenging ability. These results can be utilized as data for the development of health-promoting materials using oats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hae Lee
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Kyu Lee
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ho Park
- Headquarters, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Won Lee
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Koan Sik Woo
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Han
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Young Lee
- Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Thomas M, Kim S, Guo W, Collins FW, Wise ML, Meydani M. High Levels of Avenanthramides in Oat-Based Diet Further Suppress High Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Ldlr -/- Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:498-504. [PMID: 29298067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oats, in addition to cholesterol-lowering properties, contain unique antioxidants called avenanthramides (Avns), which inhibit both inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in endothelial cells in culture. This study evaluated the effects of Avns of oats on atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice, one of the most commonly used atherosclerosis mouse models with their similar cholesterol distributions to humans. The Ldlr-/- mice were fed a low fat, high fat, high fat containing regular oat brans with low levels of Avns (HFLA), or high fat containing regular oat brans with high levels of Avns (HFHA) diet. After 16 weeks of intervention, blood cholesterol and extent of aortic lesions were evaluated. We found that both oat-based diets reduced high fat diet-induced atheroma lesions in the aortic valve (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the effects of oat-based diets are more profound in HFHA mice than mice fed HFLA. Total plasma cholesterol levels were similarly reduced in both oat-supplemented mice. We concluded that oat bran diets reduce atheroma lesions and higher levels of Avns further reduce aortic lesions compared to regular oat bran. These preliminary in vivo data indicate that consumption of oats bran, with high Avns, has demonstrable beneficial effects on prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thomas
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Sharon Kim
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Weimin Guo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - F William Collins
- Bioproducts and Bioprocesses, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 960 Carling Avenue, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Mitchell L Wise
- USDA-Cereal Crops Research Unit, 502 Walnut Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
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Schär MY, Corona G, Soycan G, Dine C, Kristek A, Alsharif SNS, Behrends V, Lovegrove A, Shewry PR, Spencer JPE. Excretion of Avenanthramides, Phenolic Acids and their Major Metabolites Following Intake of Oat Bran. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 29024323 PMCID: PMC5836716 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Wholegrain has been associated with reduced chronic disease mortality, with oat intake particularly notable for lowering blood cholesterol and glycemia. To better understand the complex nutrient profile of oats, we studied urinary excretion of phenolic acids and avenanthramides after ingestion of oat bran in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS After a 2-d (poly)phenol-low diet, seven healthy men provided urine 12 h before and 48 h after consuming 60 g oat bran (7.8 μmol avenanthramides, 139.2 μmol phenolic acids) or a phenolic-low (traces of phenolics) control in a crossover design. Analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS showed that oat bran intake resulted in an elevation in urinary excretion of 30 phenolics relative to the control, suggesting that they are oat bran-derived. Mean excretion levels were elevated between 0-2 and 4-8 h, following oat bran intake, and amounted to a total of 33.7 ± 7.3 μmol total excretion (mean recovery: 22.9 ± 5.0%), relative to control. The predominant metabolites included: vanillic acid, 4- and 3-hydroxyhippuric acids, and sulfate-conjugates of benzoic and ferulic acids, which accounted collectively for two thirds of total excretion. CONCLUSION Oat bran phenolics follow a relatively rapid urinary excretion, with 30 metabolites excreted within 8 h of intake. These levels of excretion suggest that bound phenolics are, in part, rapidly released by the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Y Schär
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Giulia Corona
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Gulten Soycan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Clemence Dine
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Angelika Kristek
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sarah N S Alsharif
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Volker Behrends
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jeremy P E Spencer
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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12
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Günther-Jordanland K, Dawid C, Dietz M, Hofmann T. Key Phytochemicals Contributing to the Bitter Off-Taste of Oat (Avena sativa L.). J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:9639-9652. [PMID: 27983806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensory-directed fractionation of extracts prepared from oat flour (Avena sativa L.) followed by LC-TOF-MS, LC-MS/MS, and 1D/2D-NMR experiments revealed avenanthramides and saponins as the key phytochemicals contributing to the typical astringent and bitter off-taste of oat. Besides avenacosides A and B, two previously unreported bitter-tasting bidesmosidic saponins were identified, namely, 3-(O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranosid)-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-ene-3β,22,26-triol, and 3-(O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranosid)-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-ene-3β,22,26-triol. Depending on the chemical structure of the saponins and avenanthramides, sensory studies revealed human orosensory recognition thresholds of these phytochemicals to range between 3 and 170 μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Günther-Jordanland
- Chair for Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair for Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Chair for Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair for Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry , Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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