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Yin F, Qu L, Chen Y, Luo Z, Kong L, Wang X. Stereoselective Synthesis of β, γ-Fused Bicyclic γ-Ureasultams via an Intramolecular Mannich and aza-Michael Addition Cascade. Chemistry 2024:e202400438. [PMID: 38470414 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
A novel approach has been developed for the synthesis of bicyclic β, γ-fused bicyclic γ-ureasultams containing two consecutive chiral centers through an intramolecular Mannich and aza-Michael addition cascade of alkenyl sulfamides. The straightforward practical procedure and readily available starting materials enable the synthesis of variously substituted ureasultams. In addition, bicyclic γ-ureasultams is a class of potential biotin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Yin
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lailiang Qu
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
- Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Wu X, Bu M, Yang Z, Ping H, Song C, Duan J, Zhang A. Design and synthesis of fosmidomycin analogs containing aza-linkers and their biological activity evaluation. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:846-856. [PMID: 37794283 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enzymes involved in the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway are attractive targets of a new mode of action for developing anti-infective drugs and herbicides, and inhibitors against 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (IspC), the second key enzyme in the pathway, have been intensively investigated; however, few works are reported regarding IspC inhibitors designed for new herbicide discovery. RESULTS A series of fosmidomycin (FOS) analogs were designed with nitrogen-containing linkers replacing the trimethylene linker between the two active substructures of FOS, phosphonic acid and hydroxamic acid. Synthesis followed a facile three-step route of sequential aza-Michael addition of α-amino acids to dibenzyl vinylphosphonate, amidation of the amino acid carboxyl with O-benzyl hydroxylamine, and simultaneous removal of the benzyl protective groups. Biological activity evaluation of IspC and model plants revealed that some compounds had moderate enzyme and model plant growth inhibition effects. In particular, compound 10g, which has a N-(4-fluorophenylethyl) nitrogen-containing linker, exhibited the best plant inhibition activities, superior to the control FOS against the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus L., Amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa crus-galli. A dimethylallyl pyrophosphate rescue assay on A. thaliana confirmed that both 10g and FOS exert their herbicidal activity by blocking the MEP pathway. This result consistent with molecular docking, which confirmed 10g and FOS binding to the IspC active site in a similar way. CONCLUSION Compound 10g has excellent herbicidal activity and represents the first herbicide lead structure of a new mode of action that targets IspC enzyme in the MEP pathway. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengwei Bu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zili Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongrui Ping
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlin Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aidong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Romanov AR, Kondrashov EV, Zinchenko SV. Synthesis of 5-(trifluoroacetyl)imidazoles from Bromoenones and Benzimidamides via Aza-Michael Initiated Ring Closure Reaction. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:195-209. [PMID: 37078355 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230420100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A simple method for the preparation of 5-(trifluoroacetyl)imidazoles was elaborated. METHODS The reaction of trifluoromethyl(α-bromoalkenyl)ketones with benzimidamides was employed to afford the target heterocycles in good yields. RESULTS The assembly of imidazole core proceeds via aza-Michael adduct formation followed by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution and spontaneous aromatization as an oxidation sequence. CONCLUSION The yields of target imidazoles can be improved by the use of soft oxidizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey R Romanov
- The Laboratory of Halogen Organic Compound, A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V Kondrashov
- The Laboratory of Halogen Organic Compound, A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Sergey V Zinchenko
- The Laboratory of Halogen Organic Compound, A. E. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
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Yıldırım A, Atmaca U, Şahin E, Taslimi P, Taskin-Tok T, Çelik M, Gülçin İ. The synthesis, carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition effects of sulfonyl chloride moiety containing oxazolidinones using an intramolecular aza-Michael addition. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-16. [PMID: 38100567 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2291163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxazolidinones are used as various potent antibiotics, in organisms it acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor, focusing on an initial stage that encompasses the tRNA binding process. Novel intramolecular aza-Michael reactions devoid of metal catalysts have been introduced in an oxazolidone synthesis pathway, different from α,β-unsaturated ketones. Oxazolidinone derivatives were tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I and hCA II) enzymes. All the synthesized compounds had potent inhibition effects with Ki values in the range of 13.57 ± 0.98 - 53.60 ± 6.81 µM against hCA I and 9.96 ± 1.02 - 46.35 ± 3.83 µM against hCA II in comparison to the acetazolamide (AZA) (Ki = 50.46 ± 6.17 µM for hCA I) and for hCA II (Ki = 41.31 ± 5.05 µM). Also, most of the compounds demonstrated potent inhibition ability towards AChE enzyme with Ki values 78.67-231.75 nM and compared to tacrine (TAC) as standard clinical inhibitor (Ki = 142.48 nM). Furthermore, ADMET analysis and molecular docking were calculated using the AChE, hCA I and hCA II enzyme proteins to correlate the data with the experimental data. In this work, recent applications of a stereoselective aza-Michael reaction as an efficient tool for of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds and their useful to pharmacology analogs are reviewed and summarized.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Yıldırım
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Atmaca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ertan Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Murat Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Mhasni O, Bouajila J, Rezgui F. Metal catalyst-free N-allylation/alkylation of imidazole and benzimidazole with Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) alcohols and acetates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1251-1258. [PMID: 37674521 PMCID: PMC10477972 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly α-regioselective N-nucleophilic allylic substitution of cyclic MBH alcohols and acetates with imidazole or benzimidazole, in toluene at reflux with an azeotropic distillation, was successfully carried out with no catalysts or additives, affording the corresponding N-substituted imidazole derivatives in good yields. On the other hand, in refluxing toluene or methanol, the aza-Michael addition of imidazole onto acyclic MBH alcohols was performed using DABCO as an additive, leading to the corresponding 1,4-adducts in 70-84% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Mhasni
- Laboratory of Materials, Treatement and Analysis LMTA, LR 15 INRAP 03, National Institute of Research and Physico-Chemical Analysis (INRAP), Biotechpôle Sidi Thabet 2020, Tunisia
| | - Jalloul Bouajila
- Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse 3, Laboratoire de Génie Chimique UMR 5503 Toulouse, France
| | - Farhat Rezgui
- University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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Zhang M, Zhao P, Liu Q, Liu X, Hu J, Wu D, Liu L. Construction of N-Ferrocene Substituted Benzodihydrooxazoles via a Catalyst-Free Aza-Michael Addition/C(sp 3)-O Bond Formation Tandem Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:5615. [PMID: 37513488 PMCID: PMC10384804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free aza-Michael addition/C(sp3)-O bond formation tandem reaction of substituted amino ferrocenes with quinone esters was developed, which provided a green and efficient strategy for the construction of a C(sp3)-O bond from C(sp3)-H, and a series of N-ferrocene-substituted benzodihydrooxazoles were smoothly produced in moderate to excellent yields (up to >99% yield). The mechanism experiments showed that quinone esters performed as both substrate and oxidant. The salient features of this transformation include good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Pin Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qilv Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Jingya Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Jiang Z, Abbasi BBA, Aloko S, Mokhtari F, Spinks GM. Ultra-soft Organogel Artificial Muscles Exhibiting High Power Density, Large Stroke, Fast Response and Long-Term Durability in Air. Adv Mater 2023:e2210419. [PMID: 37094185 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric gel-based artificial muscles exhibiting tissue-matched Young's modulus (10 Pa-1 MPa) promise to be core components in future soft machines with inherently safe human-machine interactions. However, the ability to simultaneously generate fast, large, high-power and long-lasting actuation in the open-air environment, has yet been demonstrated in this class of ultra-soft materials. Herein, to overcome this hurdle, we report the design and synthesis of a twisted and coiled liquid crystalline glycerol-organogel (TCLCG). Such material with a low Young's modulus of 133 kPa can surpass the actuation performance of skeletal muscles in a variety of aspects, including actuation strain (66%), actuation rate (275%/s), power density (438 kW/m3 ) and work capacity (105 kJ/m3 ). Notably, its power density is 14 times higher than the record of state-of-the-art polymeric gels. No actuation performance degradation is detected in the TCLCG even after air exposure for 7 days, owing to the excellent water retention ability enabled by glycerol as co-solvent with water. Using TCLCG, we have successfully demonstrated mobile soft robots with extraordinary maneuverability in unstructured environments, including a crawler showing fast bidirectional locomotion (0.50 mm/s) in a small-confined space, and a roller that can escape after deep burying in sand. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Jiang
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Burhan Bin Asghar Abbasi
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Sinmisola Aloko
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Mokhtari
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M Spinks
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Glasovac Z, Barešić L, Margetić D. A DFT Investigation of the Reactivity of Guanidinium Salts in Tandem aza-Michael Addition/Intramolecular Cyclization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052218. [PMID: 36903463 PMCID: PMC10005421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A proposed mechanism of the reaction of guanidinium chlorides with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in a tandem aza-Michael addition reaction/intramolecular cyclization was investigated by DFT M06-2X and B3LYP computational approaches. The energies of the products were compared against the G3, M08-HX, M11, and wB97xD data or experimentally obtained product ratios. The structural diversity of the products was interpreted by the concurrent formation of different tautomers formed in situ upon deprotonation with a 2-chlorofumarate anion. A comparison of relative energies of the characteristic stationary points along the examined reaction paths indicated that the initial nucleophilic addition is energetically the most demanding process. The overall reaction is strongly exergonic, as predicted by both methods, which is primarily due to methanol elimination during the intramolecular cyclization step producing cyclic amide structures. Formation of a five-membered ring upon intramolecular cyclization is highly favored for the acyclic guanidine, while optimal product structure for the cyclic guanidines is based on a 1,5,7-triaza [4.3.0]-bicyclononane skeleton. Relative stabilities of the possible products calculated by the employed DFT methods were compared against the experimental product ratio. The best agreement was obtained for the M08-HX approach while the B3LYP approach provided somewhat better results than the M06-2X and M11 methods.
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Gudelis E, Krikštolaitytė S, Stančiauskaitė M, Šachlevičiūtė U, Bieliauskas A, Milišiūnaitė V, Jankauskas R, Kleizienė N, Sløk FA, Šačkus A. Synthesis of New Azetidine and Oxetane Amino Acid Derivatives through Aza-Michael Addition of NH-Heterocycles with Methyl 2-(Azetidin- or Oxetan-3-Ylidene)Acetates. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36770762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a simple and efficient synthetic route for the preparation of new heterocyclic amino acid derivatives containing azetidine and oxetane rings was described. The starting (N-Boc-azetidin-3-ylidene)acetate was obtained from (N-Boc)azetidin-3-one by the DBU-catalysed Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, followed by aza-Michael addition with NH-heterocycles to yield the target functionalised 3-substituted 3-(acetoxymethyl)azetidines. Methyl 2-(oxetan-3-ylidene)acetate was obtained in a similar manner, which was further treated with various (N-Boc-cycloaminyl)amines to yield the target 3-substituted 3-(acetoxymethyl)oxetane compounds. The synthesis and diversification of novel heterocyclic amino acid derivatives were achieved through the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling from the corresponding brominated pyrazole-azetidine hybrid with boronic acids. The structures of the novel heterocyclic compounds were confirmed via 1H-, 13C-, 15N-, and 19F-NMR spectroscopy, as well as HRMS investigations.
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Lu G, Yepremyen A, Tamim K, Chen Y, Brook MA. Ascorbic Acid-Modified Silicones: Crosslinking and Antioxidant Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225040. [PMID: 36433164 PMCID: PMC9693009 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is widely used as an antioxidant in biological systems. The very high density of functional groups makes it challenging to selectively tether this molecule to other moieties. We report that, following protection of the enediol as benzyl ethers, the introduction of an acrylate ester at C1 is straightforward. Ascorbic acid-modified silicones were synthesized via aza-Michael reactions of aminoalkylsilicones with ascorbic acrylate. Viscous oils formed when the amine/acrylate ratios were <1. However, at higher amine/acrylate ratios with pendent silicones, a double reaction occurred to give robust elastomers whose modulus is readily tuned simply by controlling the ascorbic acid amine ratio that leads to crosslinks. Reduction with H2/Pd removed the benzyl ethers and led to increased crosslinking, and either liberated the antioxidant small molecule or produced antioxidant elastomers. These pro-antioxidant elastomers show the power of exploiting natural materials as co-constituents of silicone polymers.
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Park JH, Lee SB, Koo BJ, Bae HY. β-Aminosulfonyl Fluorides via Water-Accelerated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202201000. [PMID: 35799476 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a water-accelerated, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed aza-Michael addition reaction was reported to access β-aminosulfonyl fluorides, which are key hubs of the sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction. As a crucial reaction medium, water considerably enhanced the reaction rate with excellent chemo- and site-selectivity (up to >99 : 1) compared to conventional solvents. In addition, the late-stage ligation of bioactive molecules with the aliphatic β-amino SuFEx hub was demonstrated. Mechanistic studies on experimental, analytical, and computational approaches support noncovalent activation over NHC catalysis "on-water".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Sun Bu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Byeong Jun Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Han Yong Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 (Republic of, Korea
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Čierna M, Berkeš D, Baran P, Šoral M, Kolarovič A, Jakubec P. Stereochemical switch driven by crystallization: Interplay between stoichiometry and configuration of the products. Chirality 2022; 34:948-954. [PMID: 35470504 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An intriguing example of a crystallization-induced stereochemical switch in the configuration of aza-Michael reaction products is described. Depending on both the stereochemical purity and stoichiometric ratio of the chiral amine used, the reaction delivers crystalline diastereomers of a different stereochemistry. The optically pure diastereomer smoothly converts to its racemic epimer salt upon the addition of a complementary chiral amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Čierna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Berkeš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Baran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Juniata College, Huntington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michal Šoral
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kolarovič
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Jakubec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Huang SH, Huang WY, Zhang GL, Yang TF. Facile Synthesis of 3-Substituted Thiazolo[2,3-α]tetrahydroisoquinolines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206126. [PMID: 34684705 PMCID: PMC8537374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It was found that 4-hydroxy-2-butenoic ester (11) could not react with 3,4-dihydro-isoquinoline (4a). Individual addition reactions of γ-mercapto-α,β-unsaturated esters (18) and -unsaturated amide (19) with 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (4) were carried out under appropriate conditions to provide the corresponding thiazolo[2,3-α]isoquinoline derivatives with good yields (up to 87%) and significant diastereomeric selectivity. The mechanism of the crucial reaction was discussed.
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Zou W, Lin X, Terentjev EM. Amine-Acrylate Liquid Single Crystal Elastomers Reinforced by Hydrogen Bonding. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2101955. [PMID: 34145651 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) have been considered one of the most promising material concepts for artificial muscles. However, accomplishing actuation of LCEs requires macroscopic alignment of the liquid-crystalline orientation in the rubbery network, which imposes challenges in the materials chemistry and processing. A two-stage curing strategy has been the dominating approach during last three decades. Despite its many successes, the method is difficult in practice and requires delicate experiential skills, dealing with intrinsic fragility of intermediate gels after the first crosslinking stage. Here, a robust fabrication method for monodomain LCE based on the amine-acrylate aza-Michael addition is developed, involving two readily commercially available components with no catalyst. The method is based on the large kinetic difference of hydrogen addition in primary amines to acrylates, which offers a sufficient gap separating two stages of curing and enabling versatile mechanical alignment techniques for manufacturing monodomain LCE in both liquid and gel states. Importantly, the mechanically robust network, helping processability at a partial-crosslinking stage, is facilitated by the chemically generated hydrogen bonding all through the process, as a by-product of hydrogen addition. Such a facile two-component kit-like fabrication should aid researchers from various fields in the search for a practical and reliable process of making soft actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Xueyan Lin
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Eugene M Terentjev
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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15
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Hayama N. [Asymmetric Hetero-Michael Additions to α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids by Multifunctional Boronic Acid Catalysts]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:293-301. [PMID: 33642494 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several direct asymmetric Michael additions to α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with integrated catalysts comprising chiral bifunctional thiourea and arylboronic acid were developed. First, the asymmetric aza-Michael addition of hydroxylamine derivatives efficiently afforded a variety of optically active β-amino acid derivatives. Furthermore, upon detailed investigation of the reaction, tetrahedral borate complexes, comprising two carboxylate molecules, were found to serve as reaction intermediates. Based on this observation, a drastic improvement in product enantioselectivity was achieved upon benzoic acid addition. Second, on merely changing the solvent, the asymmetric thia-Michael addition of arylthiols afforded both enantiomers of the adducts, which are important building blocks for biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Hayama
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
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16
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Gołowicz D, Kaźmierczak M, Kazimierczuk K. Benefits of time-resolved nonuniform sampling in reaction monitoring: The case of aza-Michael addition of benzylamine and acrylamide. Magn Reson Chem 2021; 59:213-220. [PMID: 33016346 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of chemical reactions is best carried out using methods that sample the test object at a rate greater than the time scale of the processes taking place. The recently proposed time-resolved nonuniform sampling (TR-NUS) method allows the use of two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra for this purpose and provides a time resolution equivalent to that achievable using one-dimensional spectra. Herein, we show that TR-NUS acquired data eliminates 2D spectral line disturbances and enables more accurate signal integration and kinetics conclusions. The considerations are exemplified with a seemingly simple aza-Michael reaction of benzylamine and acrylamide. Surprisingly, the product identification is possible only using 2D spectra, although credible monitoring requires TR-NUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Gołowicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaźmierczak
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Xu FF, Chen LY, Sun P, Lv Y, Zhang YX, Li JY, Yin X, Li Y. Organocatalytic synthesis of 5-hydroxyisoxazolidine catalyzed by camphor sulfonyl hydrazines through aza-Michael addition/cyclization. Chirality 2020; 32:378-386. [PMID: 31958185 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of chiral 5-hydroxy isoxazolidines has been successfully synthesized through camphor sulfonyl hydrazine-catalyzed asymmetric aza-Michael addition reaction between N,O-protected hydroxyamines and enals. Moderate yields with moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 96% enantiomeric excess [ee]) were achieved. It provides an alternative asymmetric approach to preparing isoxazolidine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan-Xue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
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18
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Wang J, Cooper RC, He H, Li B, Yang H. Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Microgels: Hierarchical Arrangement of Dendrimers into Micrometer Domains with Expanded Structural Features for Programmable Drug Delivery and Release. Macromolecules 2018; 51:6111-6118. [PMID: 30705466 PMCID: PMC6348485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the fabrication of micron-sized dendrimer hydrogels (μDHs) using the water-in-oil (w/o) inverse microemulsion method coupled with the highly efficient aza-Michael addition. EDA core polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G5 (10 w%) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA, M n = 575 g/mol) (the molar ratio of amine/acrylate = 1/1) were dissolved in the water phase and added to hexane in the presence of surfactants span 80/tween 80 (5/1, w/w) (volume ratio of hexane to surfactants: 70:1) to form w/o microemulsions, in which PAMAM G5 cross-links with PEG-DA via the aza-Michael addition reaction. The resulting microgels are within 3-5 μm with relatively narrow size distribution. μDHs are pH-responsive degradable. They show good cytocompatibility and do not cause acute toxicity in vivo. Furthermore, they can realize a high loading of the hydrophobic drug CPT and enter the cells in the form of particles. The CPT and CPT/dendrimer complex can be slowly released following the zero-order release kinetics. Taken together, μDHs possessing hierarchically ordered dendrimers in micron domains represent a new class of microparticles with expanded structural features for programmable drug delivery and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Remy C Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Hongliang He
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Boxuan Li
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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19
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Ortega-Rojas MA, Rivera-Ramírez JD, Ávila-Ortiz CG, Juaristi E, González-Muñoz F, Castillo E, Escalante J. One-Pot Lipase-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)-(-)-N-Benzyl-3-(benzylamino)butanamide: The Effect of Solvent Polarity on Enantioselectivity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122189. [PMID: 29232840 PMCID: PMC6149857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the solvent engineering has been applied for controlling the resolution of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of β-aminoacids via Michael addition reactions. The strategy consisted of the thermodynamic control of products at equilibrium using the lipase CalB as a catalyst. The enzymatic chemo- and enantioselective synthesis of (R)-(−)-N-benzyl-3-(benzylamino)butanamide is reported, showing the influence of the solvent on the chemoselectivity of the aza-Michael addition and the subsequent kinetic resolution of the Michael adduct; both processes are catalyzed by CalB and both are influenced by the nature of the solvent medium. This approach allowed us to propose a novel one-pot strategy for the enzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically enriched β-aminoesters and β-aminoacids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Ortega-Rojas
- The Center for Chemical Research, Autonomous University of Morelos State, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico.
| | - José Domingo Rivera-Ramírez
- The Center for Chemical Research, Autonomous University of Morelos State, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico.
| | - C Gabriela Ávila-Ortiz
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Avenida I.P.N. 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Avenida I.P.N. 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico.
- El Colegio Nacional, Luis Gonzáles Obregón 23, Centro Histórico, Ciudad de México 06020, Mexico.
| | - Fernando González-Muñoz
- Department of Cell Engineering and Biocatalysis, Institute of Biotechnology, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca C.P. 62271, Mexico.
| | - Edmundo Castillo
- Department of Cell Engineering and Biocatalysis, Institute of Biotechnology, UNAM, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca C.P. 62271, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Escalante
- The Center for Chemical Research, Autonomous University of Morelos State, Avenida Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico.
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20
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Taleghani A, Nasseri MA, Iranshahi M. Synthesis of dual-action parthenolide prodrugs as potent anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2017; 71:128-34. [PMID: 28215600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are responsible for the failure of a large number of cancer treatments and the re-emergence of cancer in patients. Parthenolide is a potent anticancer sesquiterpene lactone that is also able to kill cancer stem cells. The main problem with this compound is its poor solubility in water. To solve this problem, medicinal chemists have tried to prepare amino-derivatives of parthenolide, however, most amino-derivatives have less potency than that of parthenolide. In this paper, we proposed a new approach to synthesize parthenolide derivatives with better solubility and higher potency. We prepared novel parthenolide derivatives through the aza-Michael addition of nitrogen-containing anticancer drug molecules (cytarabine and melphalan) to the α-methylene-γ-lactone group of parthenolide. Different types of catalysts were used to catalyze the aza-Michael addition. Among all the used catalysts, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) was found to have the highest catalytic activity. In addition, we examined the effects of parthenolide-anticancer drug hybrids on the growth and proliferation of three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, LNcaP, Hep G2) and CHO. The parthenolide prodrugs showed potent cytotoxic property with IC50 values ranging from 0.2 to 5.2μM, higher than those of parthenolide and anticancer drugs (cytarabine and melphalan).
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21
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Bergamonti L, Graiff C, Tegoni M, Predieri G, Bellot-Gurlet L, Lottici PP. Raman and NMR kinetics study of the formation of amidoamines containing N-hydroxyethyl groups and investigations on their Cu(II) complexes in water. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 171:515-524. [PMID: 27592056 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three amidoamines containing the N-hydroxyethyl group (HOEt), namely (HOEt)2N(CH2)2C(O)NH2 (1), [(HOEt)2N(CH2)2C(O)NH]2CH2 (2) and HOEtN[(CH2)2C(O)NH2]2 (3) have been synthesized by reacting diethanolamine HOEt2NH with acrylamide and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (respectively 1 and 2) and ethanolamine HOEtNH2 with acrylamide (3). Four other compounds corresponding to 1 and 2, but derived from sec-amines Me2NH (4 and 5) and Et2NH (6 and 7) have been prepared for the sake of comparison of the spectroscopic features. All compounds have been obtained by the well-known aza-Michael addition between an N-nucleophile and an activated vinyl group. The reaction in water between diethanolamine and acrylamide leading to 1 has been monitored in situ by Raman and NMR spectroscopy, both techniques confirming second order kinetics and giving values for kinetic constants in excellent agreement. The coordination ability of 1 and 2 towards Cu2+ in water has been studied by the Job's plot method. Spectroscopic data indicate that ligand 1 prevalently forms a 4:1 Ligand/Metal complex with a (N,O3) coordination set on the equatorial plane of Cu2+, whereas ligand 2, containing two amide functionalities bridged by a methylene group, appears able to form a 1:1 Ligand/Metal chelate species, again with a (N,O3) donor set around copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bergamonti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Predieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet
- Sorbonne Universités, MONARIS, UMR 8233 UPMC-CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Pier Paolo Lottici
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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22
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Joie C, Deckers K, Raabe G, Enders D. An Asymmetric Organocatalytic Quadruple Cascade to Tetraaryl-Substituted 2-Azabicyclo[3.3.0]octadienones. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2014; 46:1539-1546. [PMID: 25278633 PMCID: PMC4178286 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1340982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new asymmetric organocatalytic three-component quadruple cascade of α-ketoamides with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes is described. The reaction is catalyzed by the (S)-diphenylprolinol TMS ether catalyst and proceeds via an aza-Michael/aldol condensation/vinylogous Michael/aldol condensation sequence to yield tetraaryl-substituted 2-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octadienone derivatives. The cascade products are obtained with good to very good yields (34-71%), virtually complete diastereoselectivities (>20:1), and very good enantioselectivities (84-97%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Joie
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Raabe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter Enders
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Joie C, Deckers K, Enders D. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized 1,3,5-Triarylpyrrolidin-2-ones via an Aza-Michael/Aldol Domino Reaction. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2014; 46:799-808. [PMID: 25278634 PMCID: PMC4178285 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1340565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of functionalized 1,3,5-triarylpyrrolidin-2-ones bearing three contiguous stereocenters through an aza-Michael/aldol domino reaction of α-ketoamides with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes is described. The domino products were further derivatized by aldehyde olefination under one-pot conditions. The reaction proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivities (>20:1) and good to excellent enantioselectivities (60-96% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Joie
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Deckers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dieter Enders
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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24
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Fustero S, Herrera L, Lázaro R, Rodríguez E, Maestro MA, Mateu N, Barrio P. Base-dependent stereodivergent intramolecular aza-Michael reaction: asymmetric synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted isoindolines. Chemistry 2013; 19:11776-85. [PMID: 23852920 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic addition (A(N)) / intramolecular aza-Michael reaction (IMAMR) process on Ellman's tert-butylsulfinyl imines, bearing a Michael acceptor in the ortho position, is studied. This reaction affords 1,3-disubstituted isoindolines with a wide range of substituents in good yields and diastereoselectivities. Interestingly, careful choice of the base for the aza-Michael step allows either the cis or the trans diastereoisomers to be exclusively obtained. This stereodivergent cyclization has enabled the synthesis of C2-symmetric bisacetate-substituted isoindolines. In addition, bisacetate isoindolines bearing two well-differentiated ester moieties are also noteworthy because they may allow for the orthogonal synthesis of β,β'-dipeptides using a single nitrogen atom as a linchpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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25
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Ullah F, Zang Q, Javed S, Porubsky P, Neuenswander B, Lushington GH, Hanson PR, Organ MG. Synthesis of an Isoindoline-Annulated, Tricyclic Sultam Library via Microwave-Assisted, Continuous-Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS). SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2012; 44. [PMID: 24244052 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1289791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted, continuous-flow organic synthesis (MACOS) protocol for the synthesis of an isoindoline-annulat-ed, tricyclic sultam library, utilizing a Heck-aza-Michael (HaM) strategy, is reported. This sequence involves a Heck reaction on vi-nylsulfonamides with batch microwave heating followed by a one-pot, sequential intramolecular aza-Michael cyclization/Boc-deprot-ection using MACOS. Subsequent cyclization with either 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole or chloromethyl pivalate using MACOS provided an array of tricyclic sultams. This efficient three-step protocol requires only a few hours to produce the target sultams starting from simple starting materials. Using this strategy, a 38-member library of isoindoline-annulated sultams was generated in good to excellent overall yields (53-87%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada, Fax +1(416)7365936 ; The University of Kansas Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development (KU-CMLD), Del Shankel Structural Biology Center, 2034 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047-3761, USA, Fax +1(785)8645396
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