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Guijarro-Real C, Hernández-Cánovas L, Abellán-Victorio Á, Ben-Romdhane O, Moreno DA. The Combination of Monochromatic LEDs and Elicitation with Stressors Enhances the Accumulation of Glucosinolates in Mustard Sprouts with Species-Dependency. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2961. [PMID: 36365416 PMCID: PMC9657432 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the enhancement of glucosinolates (GSLs) in mustard sprouts as health promoters. Sprouts of Sinapis alba, Brassica nigra, and B. carinata were grown under broad-spectrum, monochromatic blue or red light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, irrigated with 0-100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), and sprayed with 0-250 µM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as elicitor. The use of LEDs did not result in increased sprout biomass in any case. The effect of the applied treatments on the GSLs depended on the species and were restricted to Brassica spp. The red LEDs produced an overall increase in GSLs over 500% in B. carinata (from 12 to 81 mg 100 g-1 F.W.), compared to the white broad-spectrum lights, although the highest increase in content was obtained in treated sprouts with 250 µM MeJA (104 an 105 mg 101 g-1 F.W., under the red and blue LEDs, respectively). The combination of blue LEDs, 100 mM NaCl, and 250 µM MeJA enhanced the levels of GLSs in B. nigra to the maximum (81 mg 100 g-1 F.W.). Overall, these results indicate that by modifying the growing conditions for a given sprout, enhancement in the accumulation of GSLs as health promoters is possible. The use of these treatments is a sustainable alternative to genetic modification when looking for bioactive-enriched foods, delivering natural plant foods rich in bioactive ingredients (e.g., glucosinolates). Nevertheless, the response to the treatments varies among species, indicating that treatments will require adjustment across sprouts. Further research continues with producing cruciferous sprouts to obtain GSL-enriched formulas for further studying the effects of their bioavailability and bioactivity on health-promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Guijarro-Real
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Hernández-Cánovas
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Sakata Seeds Iberica S.L., Dolores de Pacheco, 30739 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ángel Abellán-Victorio
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Oumaima Ben-Romdhane
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Diego A. Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Food Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo, 25, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Oduor AMO. Invasive plant species that experience lower herbivory pressure may evolve lower diversities of chemical defense compounds in the exotic range. Am J Bot 2022; 109:1382-1393. [PMID: 36000500 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Invasive plant species often escape from specialist herbivores and are more likely to be attacked by generalist herbivores in the exotic range. Consequently, the shifting defense hypothesis predicts that invasive plants will produce higher concentrations of qualitative defense compounds to deter dominant generalist herbivores in the exotic range. Here, I additionally propose a reduced chemical diversity hypothesis (RCDH), which predicts that reduced herbivory pressure will select for invasive plant genotypes that produce lower diversities of chemical defense compounds in the exotic range. METHODS I tested whether (1) invasive Brassica nigra populations express a lower diversity and an overall higher concentration of glucosinolate compounds than native-range B. nigra; (2) Brassica nigra individuals that express high diversities and concentrations of glucosinolate compounds are more attractive to specialist and deterrent to generalist herbivores; and (3) tissues of invasive B. nigra are less palatable than tissues of native-range B. nigra to the generalist herbivores Theba pisana and Helix aspersa. RESULTS Invasive B. nigra populations produced a significantly lower diversity of glucosinolate compounds, a marginally higher concentration of total glucosinolates, and a significantly higher concentration of sinigrin (the dominant glucosinolate). Leaf tissues of invasive B. nigra were significantly less palatable to T. pisana and marginally less so to H. aspersa. Brassica nigra individuals that expressed high concentrations of total glucosinolate compounds were visited by a low diversity of generalist herbivore species in the field. CONCLUSIONS In line with the RCDH, the lower diversity of glucosinolate compounds produced by invasive B. nigra populations likely resulted from selection imposed by reduced herbivory pressure in the exotic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub M O Oduor
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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Hájková K, Bouček J, Procházka P, Kalous P, Budský D. Nitrate-Alkaline Pulp from Non-Wood Plants. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14133673. [PMID: 34279243 PMCID: PMC8269876 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because there is a lack of wood resources in many countries, this work focused on pulp and paper production from the waste and agricultural residues of non-wood plants. The work aimed to pulp the nitrate-alkaline of black mustard (Brassica Nigra L.) and camelina (Camelina Sativa L.). The black mustard and the camelina were selected due to the expanding planted areas of these crops in the Czech Republic. To characterize the chemical composition of black mustard and camelina, cellulose, lignin, ash, and extractives were determined. Raw alpha-cellulose, beta-cellulose, and gamma-cellulose were also measured. The results showed that the content of lignin in non-wood plants is lower than that in softwoods. The cooked pulp was characterized by the delignification degree–Kappa number. Additionally, handsheet papers were made for selected samples of pulp. The handsheet papers were characterized by tensile index, breaking length, and smoothness and compared with commonly available papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hájková
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Jiří Bouček
- Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 1176, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (K.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Petr Procházka
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Kalous
- Secondary and Higher Vocational School of Packaging Technology in Štětí, Kostelní 134, 411 08 Štětí, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Dominik Budský
- Secondary and Higher Vocational School of Packaging Technology in Štětí, Kostelní 134, 411 08 Štětí, Czech Republic; (P.K.); (D.B.)
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Oduor AMO, van Kleunen M, Stift M. Allelopathic effects of native and invasive Brassica nigra do not support the novel-weapons hypothesis. Am J Bot 2020; 107:1106-1113. [PMID: 32767569 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The novel-weapons hypothesis predicts that some plants are successful invaders because they release allelopathic compounds that are highly suppressive to naïve competitors in invaded ranges but are relatively ineffective against competitors in the native range. For its part, the evolution of enhanced weaponry hypothesis predicts that invasive populations may evolve increased expression of the allelopathic compounds. However, these predictions have rarely been tested empirically. METHODS Here, we made aqueous extracts of roots and shoots of invasive (North American) and native (European) Brassica nigra plants. Seeds of nine species from North America and nine species from Europe were exposed to these extracts. As control solutions, we used pure distilled water and distilled water with the osmotic potential adjusted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to match that of root and shoot extracts of B. nigra. RESULTS The extracts had a strong negative effect on germination rates and seedling root lengths of target species compared to the water-control. Compared to the osmolality-adjusted controls, the extracts had a negative effect on seedling root length. We found no differences between the effects of B. nigra plant extracts from the invasive vs. native populations on germination rates and seedling root growth of target plant species. Responses were largely independent of whether the target plant species were from the invaded or native range of B. nigra. CONCLUSIONS The results show that B. nigra can interfere with other species through allelochemical interactions, but do not support predictions of the novel-weapons hypothesis and evolution of increased allelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub M O Oduor
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P.R. China
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitsätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P.R. China
| | - Marc Stift
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitsätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
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Tavares WDS, Legaspi JC, de Castro AA, Fouad HA, Haseeb M, Meagher RL, Kanga LH, Zanuncio JC. Brassica nigra and Curcuma longa Compounds Affecting Interactions Between Spodoptera exigua and Its Natural Enemies Cotesia flavipes and Podisus maculiventris. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819827454. [PMID: 30886546 PMCID: PMC6413435 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819827454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) × its natural enemies Cotesia flavipes Cameron
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Podisus maculiventris Say
(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) × botanical compounds with and without synergist is
unknown; therefore, it was studied under controlled conditions. The objective of
this study was to evaluate the direct mortality of P.
maculiventris nymphs and adults and indirect by this predator
feeding on S. exigua larvae treated after being exposed to
parasitism by C. flavipes. Brassica nigra L.
(Brassicales: Brassicaceae) and Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberales:
Zingiberaceae) compounds, with and without lead (II) oxide (PbO), were tested as
insecticides. The mortality of first and second instars P.
maculiventris was high with turmeric essential oil by topical
application. The PbO increased the predator mortality in combination with
turmeric powder, crude essential oil, and ar-turmerone. This
last derivative caused also the highest mortality of P.
maculiventris nymphs when ingested through treated S.
exigua larvae that were previously subjected to parasitism.
Turmeric powder and its derivatives, with and without PbO, should not be used in
areas with P. maculiventris due to the high mortality caused to
this predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner de Souza Tavares
- Departamento de Fitotecnia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa,
Viçosa, Brazil
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research
Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Tallahassee,
FL, USA
- Center for Biological Control, College of Agriculture and Food
Sciences, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL,
USA
- Wagner de Souza Tavares, Departamento de
Fitotecnia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas
Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Jesusa Crisostomo Legaspi
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research
Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Tallahassee,
FL, USA
| | - Ancidériton Antonio de Castro
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research
Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Tallahassee,
FL, USA
- Center for Biological Control, College of Agriculture and Food
Sciences, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL,
USA
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa,
Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Hany Ahmed Fouad
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa,
Viçosa, Brazil
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag
University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Haseeb
- Center for Biological Control, College of Agriculture and Food
Sciences, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL,
USA
| | - Robert L. Meagher
- United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research
Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville,
FL, USA
| | - Lambert H.B. Kanga
- Center for Biological Control, College of Agriculture and Food
Sciences, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL,
USA
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa,
Viçosa, Brazil
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Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Although there is much empirical evidence for local adaptation in plant populations, spatial scales and drivers are still poorly understood. We used the annual species Brassica nigra to (1) test scales of differentiation and adaptation among coastal wetland and inland river-valley populations and (2) analyze herbivory as a potential driver of local plant adaptation. • METHODS In a common garden experiment, we compared seven populations collected at different geographic scales in both habitat types. To evaluate adaptation to herbivory, we removed the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae from half of the plants. In a reciprocal transplant experiment, we tested local adaptation in two coastal and two river-valley populations. Natural colonization by dominant herbivore species was recorded. • KEY RESULTS In the common garden, the river-valley populations showed a higher performance than the coastal ones, whereas large-scale differentiation within habitats was small. Such a differentiation among plant populations was also found in spontaneous infestation by several herbivore groups but not in the plant response to aphid removal. In the reciprocal transplant experiment at natural sites, both plant populations performed better in their home habitat, indicating local adaptation to environmental differences between coastal and river-valley sites. A lower aphid infestation on local plants suggests a contribution of herbivores to local plant adaptation and illustrates the need for reciprocal transplant experiments to evaluate this contribution. • CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that adaptive differentiation among habitats may be stronger at relatively small scales than large-scale adaptation within these habitats. It provides new insights into the role of herbivory in driving local plant adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Bischoff
- University of Nantes, Angers, Le Mans (L'UNAM), Agrocampus West, Centre of Angers, Institute of Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (UMR 1349 IGEPP), 2, rue André Le Nôtre, F-49045, France.
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