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May MS, Jamison JK, Wong W, Michel A, Raufi AG, Neugut AI, Manji GA. Smoking is Not Associated with Lung Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:487-490. [PMID: 37067780 PMCID: PMC10876288 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2023.2203747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a risk factor for pulmonary metastasis in various malignancies. We investigated this association for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We conducted a retrospective 1:2 case-control study of consecutive patients who underwent PDAC resection (2011-2021). Cases ultimately developed lung metastases and controls did not. Of 744 patients we identified 53 cases and 106 matched controls. Twenty-five (47%) cases and 50 (47%) matched controls had a history of smoking (p = 1.0). This indicates that smoking is not associated with increased risk of pulmonary metastasis in resectable PDAC. Further research is needed to elucidate tumor and parenchymal factors influencing metastatic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. May
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob K. Jamison
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Winston Wong
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alissa Michel
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander G. Raufi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alfred I. Neugut
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gulam A. Manji
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Sweet CM, Telfer JM, Palmer AL, Fazel SS, Peters CE. Perspective: Young Workers at Higher Risk for Carcinogen Exposures. Front Public Health 2022; 10:869232. [PMID: 35372229 PMCID: PMC8966076 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.869232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Young workers, those under the age of 25, are considered a vulnerable working population, primarily due to their increased risk of injury. In this study we investigate if young workers may also be at an increased risk for occupational exposure to carcinogens. Using the 2006 and 2016 Canadian Census of Population and previously obtained CAREX Canada data, this study aimed to identify sectors and occupations that have high proportions of young workers and where potential exists for exposure to known and suspected carcinogens. Key groups where young workers are likely at a higher risk for occupational exposure to carcinogens were identified. Our work shows that young workers in construction, outdoor occupations, and farming are key groups that warrant further investigation. These specific groups are highlighted because of the large number of young workers employed in these sectors/situations, the high number of possible carcinogen exposures, and the potential for higher risk behavior patterns that typically occur in these types of jobs. While there is no data available to develop carcinogen exposure estimates specific to young workers, it is our perspective that young workers are likely at a higher risk for occupational exposure to carcinogens. Our findings identify opportunities to improve the occupational health and safety for this vulnerable population, particularly for young construction workers, farm workers, and outdoor workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Sweet
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joanne M Telfer
- CAREX Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alison L Palmer
- CAREX Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sajjad S Fazel
- CAREX Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cheryl E Peters
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.,CAREX Canada, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Peterson LA, Balbo S, Fujioka N, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Stepanov I, Tretyakova NY, Turesky RJ, Villalta PW. Applying Tobacco, Environmental, and Dietary-Related Biomarkers to Understand Cancer Etiology and Evaluate Prevention Strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1904-1919. [PMID: 32051197 PMCID: PMC7423750 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human cancers are caused by environmental and lifestyle factors. Biomarkers of exposure and risk developed by our team have provided critical data on internal exposure to toxic and genotoxic chemicals and their connection to cancer in humans. This review highlights our research using biomarkers to identify key factors influencing cancer risk as well as their application to assess the effectiveness of exposure intervention and chemoprevention protocols. The use of these biomarkers to understand individual susceptibility to the harmful effects of tobacco products is a powerful example of the value of this type of research and has provided key data confirming the link between tobacco smoke exposure and cancer risk. Furthermore, this information has led to policy changes that have reduced tobacco use and consequently, the tobacco-related cancer burden. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry led to the ability to detect DNA damage in human tissues as well as the development of adductomic approaches. These new methods allowed for the detection of DNA adducts in tissues from patients with cancer, providing key evidence that exposure to carcinogens leads to DNA damage in the target tissue. These advances will provide valuable insights into the etiologic causes of cancer that are not tobacco-related.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Peters CE, Palmer AL, Telfer J, Ge CB, Hall AL, Davies HW, Pahwa M, Demers PA. Priority Setting for Occupational Cancer Prevention. Saf Health Work 2018; 9:133-9. [PMID: 29928525 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selecting priority occupational carcinogens is important for cancer prevention efforts; however, standardized selection methods are not available. The objective of this paper was to describe the methods used by CAREX Canada in 2015 to establish priorities for preventing occupational cancer, with a focus on exposure estimation and descriptive profiles. Methods Four criteria were used in an expert assessment process to guide carcinogen prioritization: (1) the likelihood of presence and/or use in Canadian workplaces; (2) toxicity of the substance (strength of evidence for carcinogenicity and other health effects); (3) feasibility of producing a carcinogen profile and/or an occupational estimate; and (4) special interest from the public/scientific community. Carcinogens were ranked as high, medium or low priority based on specific conditions regarding these criteria, and stakeholder input was incorporated. Priorities were set separately for the creation of new carcinogen profiles and for new occupational exposure estimates. Results Overall, 246 agents were reviewed for inclusion in the occupational priorities list. For carcinogen profile generation, 103 were prioritized (11 high, 33 medium, and 59 low priority), and 36 carcinogens were deemed priorities for occupational exposure estimation (13 high, 17 medium, and 6 low priority). Conclusion Prioritizing and ranking occupational carcinogens is required for a variety of purposes, including research, resource allocation at different jurisdictional levels, calculations of occupational cancer burden, and planning of CAREX-type projects in different countries. This paper outlines how this process was achieved in Canada; this may provide a model for other countries and jurisdictions as a part of occupational cancer prevention efforts.
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Choi S, Park D, Kim SW, Ha K, Jung H, Yi G, Koh DH, Park D, Sun O, Uuksulainen S. Estimates of the Number of Workers Exposed to Diesel Engine Exhaust in South Korea from 1993 to 2013. Saf Health Work 2016; 7:372-380. [PMID: 27924242 PMCID: PMC5127905 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to estimate the number of workers exposed to diesel engine exhaust (DEE) by industry and year in the Republic of Korea. Method The estimates of workers potentially exposed to DEE in the Republic of Korea were calculated by industry on the basis of the carcinogen exposure (CAREX) surveillance system. The data on the labor force employed in DEE exposure industries were obtained from the Census on Establishments conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office from 1993 to 2013. The mean values of prevalence rates adopted by EU15 countries were used as the primary exposure prevalence rates. We also investigated the exposure prevalence rates and exposure characteristics of DEE in 359 workplaces representing 11 industries. Results The total number of workers exposed to DEE were estimated as 270,014 in 1993 and 417,034 in 2013 (2.2% of the total labor force). As of 2013, the industry categorized as “Land transport” showed the highest number of workers exposed to DEE with 174,359, followed by “Personal and household services” with 70,298, “Construction” with 45,555, “Wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels” with 44,005, and “Sanitation and similar services” with 12,584. These five industries, with more than 10,000 workers exposed to DEE, accounted for 83% of the total DEE-exposed workers. Comparing primary prevalence rates used for preliminary estimation among 49 industries, “Metal ore mining” had the highest rate at 52.6%, followed by “Other mining” with 50.0%, and “Land transport” with 23.6%. Conclusion The DEE prevalence rates we surveyed (1.3–19.8%) were higher than the primary prevalence rates. The most common emission sources of DEE were diesel engine vehicles such as forklifts, trucks, and vans. Our estimated numbers of workers exposed to DEE can be used to identify industries with workers requiring protection from potential exposure to DEE in the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Choi
- Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsangbukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Donguk Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, 86 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03087, Republic of Korea.Department of Environmental HealthKorea National Open University86 Daehak-roJongno-guSeoul03087Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Department of Public Health, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonchul Ha
- Department of Biohealth Science, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangyong Yi
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Oknam Sun
- Ministry of Employment and Labor, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanni Uuksulainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Work Environment, Helsinki, Finland
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St Helen G, Dempsey D, Wilson M, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Racial differences in the relationship between tobacco dependence and nicotine and carcinogen exposure. Addiction 2013; 108:607-17. [PMID: 22971134 PMCID: PMC3553231 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationships between tobacco dependence, biomarkers of nicotine and carcinogen exposure and biomarkers of nicotine and carcinogen exposure per cigarette in back and white smokers. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 204 healthy black (n = 69) and white (n = 135) smokers were enrolled into two clinical studies. MEASUREMENT Nicotine equivalents (nicotine and its metabolites), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3)pyridyl-1-butanol (NNAL) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were measured in urine. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and time to first cigarette (TFC) measured tobacco dependence. FINDINGS Average TFC and FTND for blacks and whites were not significantly different. Urine NNAL and nicotine equivalents increased with increasing FTND in whites but did not increase in blacks (race × FTND interaction, both P < 0.031). The interaction term was not significant for PAHs. An inverse relationship was seen between FTND and nicotine equivalents, NNAL and PAH metabolites per cigarette in blacks but remained flat in whites (race × FTND interaction, all P ≤ 0.039). Regardless of dependence (low dependence, TFC >15 minutes; high dependence, TFC ≤15 minutes), FTND and TFC were not correlated significantly with urine nicotine equivalents and carcinogen exposure in blacks. We found moderate correlations between FTND and TFC and nicotine equivalents and carcinogen exposure among whites of low dependence and non-significant correlations among whites of high dependence. CONCLUSION In the United States, tobacco dependence measures were related linearly to nicotine intake and carcinogen exposure in white but not in black smokers. The relationship between dependence measures and tobacco biomarkers in black smokers regardless of level of dependence resembled highly dependent white smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon St Helen
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Delia Dempsey
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Margaret Wilson
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Neal L. Benowitz
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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