1
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Bosco N, Goldberg A, Zhao X, Mays JC, Cheng P, Johnson AF, Bianchi JJ, Toscani C, Di Tommaso E, Katsnelson L, Annuar D, Mei S, Faitelson RE, Pesselev IY, Mohamed KS, Mermerian A, Camacho-Hernandez EM, Gionco CA, Manikas J, Tseng YS, Sun Z, Fani S, Keegan S, Lippman SM, Fenyö D, Giunta S, Santaguida S, Davoli T. KaryoCreate: A CRISPR-based technology to study chromosome-specific aneuploidy by targeting human centromeres. Cell 2023; 186:1985-2001.e19. [PMID: 37075754 PMCID: PMC10676289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, the presence of chromosome gains or losses, is a hallmark of cancer. Here, we describe KaryoCreate (karyotype CRISPR-engineered aneuploidy technology), a system that enables the generation of chromosome-specific aneuploidies by co-expression of an sgRNA targeting chromosome-specific CENPA-binding ɑ-satellite repeats together with dCas9 fused to mutant KNL1. We design unique and highly specific sgRNAs for 19 of the 24 chromosomes. Expression of these constructs leads to missegregation and induction of gains or losses of the targeted chromosome in cellular progeny, with an average efficiency of 8% for gains and 12% for losses (up to 20%) validated across 10 chromosomes. Using KaryoCreate in colon epithelial cells, we show that chromosome 18q loss, frequent in gastrointestinal cancers, promotes resistance to TGF-β, likely due to synergistic hemizygous deletion of multiple genes. Altogether, we describe an innovative technology to create and study chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy in the context of cancer and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazario Bosco
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aleah Goldberg
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph C Mays
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pan Cheng
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam F Johnson
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joy J Bianchi
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cecilia Toscani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Di Tommaso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lizabeth Katsnelson
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dania Annuar
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally Mei
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roni E Faitelson
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ilan Y Pesselev
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kareem S Mohamed
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela Mermerian
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine M Camacho-Hernandez
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Courtney A Gionco
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Manikas
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi-Shuan Tseng
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhengxi Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Somayeh Fani
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Keegan
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simona Giunta
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, University of Rome "La Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Santaguida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Davoli
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Böhly N, Schmidt AK, Zhang X, Slusarenko BO, Hennecke M, Kschischo M, Bastians H. Increased replication origin firing links replication stress to whole chromosomal instability in human cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111836. [PMID: 36516748 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and comprises structural CIN (S-CIN) and numerical or whole chromosomal CIN (W-CIN). Recent work indicated that replication stress (RS), known to contribute to S-CIN, also affects mitotic chromosome segregation, possibly explaining the common co-existence of S-CIN and W-CIN in human cancer. Here, we show that RS-induced increased origin firing is sufficient to trigger W-CIN in human cancer cells. We discovered that overexpression of origin firing genes, including GINS1 and CDC45, correlates with W-CIN in human cancer specimens and causes W-CIN in otherwise chromosomally stable human cells. Furthermore, modulation of the ATR-CDK1-RIF1 axis increases the number of firing origins and leads to W-CIN. Importantly, chromosome missegregation upon additional origin firing is mediated by increased mitotic microtubule growth rates, a mitotic defect prevalent in chromosomally unstable cancer cells. Thus, our study identifies increased replication origin firing as a cancer-relevant trigger for chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Böhly
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Schmidt
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Department of Mathematics and Technology, 53424 Remagen, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Informatics, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin O Slusarenko
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Hennecke
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maik Kschischo
- University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Department of Mathematics and Technology, 53424 Remagen, Germany
| | - Holger Bastians
- Georg August University Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Molecular Oncology, Section for Cellular Oncology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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3
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Paolini L, Hussain S, Galardy PJ. Chromosome instability in neuroblastoma: A pathway to aggressive disease. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988972. [PMID: 36338721 PMCID: PMC9633097 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For over 100-years, genomic instability has been investigated as a central player in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Conceptually, genomic instability includes an array of alterations from small deletions/insertions to whole chromosome alterations, referred to as chromosome instability. Chromosome instability has a paradoxical impact in cancer. In most instances, the introduction of chromosome instability has a negative impact on cellular fitness whereas in cancer it is usually associated with a worse prognosis. One exception is the case of neuroblastoma, the most common solid tumor outside of the brain in children. Neuroblastoma tumors have two distinct patterns of genome instability: whole-chromosome aneuploidy, which is associated with a better prognosis, or segmental chromosomal alterations, which is a potent negative prognostic factor. Through a computational screen, we found that low levels of the de- ubiquitinating enzyme USP24 have a highly significant negative impact on survival in neuroblastoma. At the molecular level, USP24 loss leads to destabilization of the microtubule assembly factor CRMP2 - producing mitotic errors and leading to chromosome missegregation and whole-chromosome aneuploidy. This apparent paradox may be reconciled through a model in which whole chromosome aneuploidy leads to the subsequent development of segmental chromosome alterations. Here we review the mechanisms behind chromosome instability and the evidence for the progressive development of segmental alterations from existing numerical aneuploidy in support of a multi-step model of neuroblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Paolini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, MI, Italy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul J. Galardy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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4
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Gorter de Vries AR, Knibbe E, van Roosmalen R, van den Broek M, de la Torre Cortés P, O'Herne SF, Vijverberg PA, El Masoudi A, Brouwers N, Pronk JT, Daran JMG. Improving Industrially Relevant Phenotypic Traits by Engineering Chromosome Copy Number in Saccharomyces pastorianus. Front Genet 2020; 11:518. [PMID: 32582279 PMCID: PMC7283523 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lager-brewing yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus is a hybrid between S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus with an exceptional degree of aneuploidy. While chromosome copy number variation (CCNV) is present in many industrial Saccharomyces strains and has been linked to various industrially-relevant traits, its impact on the brewing performance of S. pastorianus remains elusive. Here we attempt to delete single copies of chromosomes which are relevant for the production of off-flavor compound diacetyl by centromere silencing. However, the engineered strains display CNV of multiple non-targeted chromosomes. We attribute this unintended CCNV to inherent instability and to a mutagenic effect of electroporation and of centromere-silencing. Regardless, the resulting strains displayed large phenotypic diversity. By growing centromere-silenced cells in repeated sequential batches in medium containing 10% ethanol, mutants with increased ethanol tolerance were obtained. By using CCNV mutagenesis by exposure to the mitotic inhibitor MBC, selection in the same set-up yielded even more tolerant mutants that would not classify as genetically modified organisms. These results show that CCNV of alloaneuploid S. pastorianus genomes is highly unstable, and that CCNV mutagenesis can generate broad diversity. Coupled to effective selection or screening, CCNV mutagenesis presents a potent tool for strain improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewout Knibbe
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Stephanie F O'Herne
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Pascal A Vijverberg
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Anissa El Masoudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Nick Brouwers
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jack T Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Marc G Daran
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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5
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Abstract
Aneuploidy is the leading contributor to pregnancy loss, congenital anomalies, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure in humans. Although most aneuploid conceptions are thought to originate from meiotic division errors in the female germline, quantitative studies that link the observed phenotypes to underlying error mechanisms are lacking. In this study, we developed a mathematical modeling framework to quantify the contribution of different mechanisms of erroneous chromosome segregation to the production of aneuploid eggs. Our model considers the probabilities of all possible chromosome gain/loss outcomes that arise from meiotic errors, such as nondisjunction (NDJ) in meiosis I and meiosis II, and premature separation of sister chromatids (PSSC) and reverse segregation (RS) in meiosis I. To understand the contributions of different meiotic errors, we fit our model to aneuploidy data from 11,157 blastocyst-stage embryos. Our best-fitting model captures several known features of female meiosis, for instance, the maternal age effect on PSSC. More importantly, our model reveals previously undescribed patterns, including an increased frequency of meiosis II errors among eggs affected by errors in meiosis I. This observation suggests that the occurrence of NDJ in meiosis II is associated with the ploidy status of an egg. We further demonstrate that the model can be used to identify IVF patients who produce an extreme number of aneuploid embryos. The dynamic nature of our mathematical model makes it a powerful tool both for understanding the relative contributions of mechanisms of chromosome missegregation in human female meiosis and for predicting the outcomes of assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Tyc
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Human Genetic Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Rajiv C McCoy
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Karen Schindler
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Human Genetic Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854;
- Human Genetic Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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6
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Vasudevan A, Baruah PS, Smith JC, Wang Z, Sayles NM, Andrews P, Kendall J, Leu J, Chunduri NK, Levy D, Wigler M, Storchová Z, Sheltzer JM. Single-Chromosomal Gains Can Function as Metastasis Suppressors and Promoters in Colon Cancer. Dev Cell 2020; 52:413-428.e6. [PMID: 32097652 PMCID: PMC7354079 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High levels of cancer aneuploidy are frequently associated with poor prognosis. To examine the relationship between aneuploidy and cancer progression, we analyzed a series of congenic cell lines that harbor single extra chromosomes. We found that across 13 different trisomic cell lines, 12 trisomies suppressed invasiveness or were largely neutral, while a single trisomy increased metastatic behavior by triggering a partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In contrast, we discovered that chromosomal instability activates cGAS/STING signaling but strongly suppresses invasiveness. By analyzing patient copy-number data, we demonstrate that specific aneuploidies are associated with distinct outcomes, and the acquisition of certain aneuploidies is in fact linked with a favorable prognosis. Thus, aneuploidy is not a uniform driver of malignancy, and different aneuploidies can uniquely influence tumor progression. At the same time, the gain of a single chromosome is capable of inducing a profound cell state transition, thereby linking genomic plasticity, phenotypic plasticity, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Vasudevan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Joan C Smith
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Google, Inc., New York, NY 10011, USA
| | - Zihua Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Nicole M Sayles
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter Andrews
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Jude Kendall
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Justin Leu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Narendra Kumar Chunduri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserlautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 24, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Dan Levy
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Michael Wigler
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Zuzana Storchová
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserlautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 24, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Jason M Sheltzer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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7
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Bjerregaard VA, Garribba L, McMurray CT, Hickson ID, Liu Y. Folate deficiency drives mitotic missegregation of the human FRAXA locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:13003-8. [PMID: 30509972 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808377115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The instability of chromosome fragile sites is implicated as a causative factor in several human diseases, including cancer [for common fragile sites (CFSs)] and neurological disorders [for rare fragile sites (RFSs)]. Previous studies have indicated that problems arising during DNA replication are the underlying source of this instability. Although the role of replication stress in promoting instability at CFSs is well documented, much less is known about how the fragility of RFSs arises. Many RFSs, as exemplified by expansion of a CGG trinucleotide repeat sequence in the fragile X syndrome-associated FRAXA locus, exhibit fragility in response to folate deficiency or other forms of "folate stress." We hypothesized that such folate stress, through disturbing the replication program within the pathologically expanded repeats within FRAXA, would lead to mitotic abnormalities that exacerbate locus instability. Here, we show that folate stress leads to a dramatic increase in missegregation of FRAXA coupled with the formation of single-stranded DNA bridges in anaphase and micronuclei that contain the FRAXA locus. Moreover, chromosome X aneuploidy is seen when these cells are exposed to folate deficiency for an extended period. We propose that problematic FRAXA replication during interphase leads to a failure to disjoin the sister chromatids during anaphase. This generates further instability not only at FRAXA itself but also of chromosome X. These data have wider implications for the effects of folate deficiency on chromosome instability in human cells.
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8
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Xie S, Wu Y, Hao H, Li J, Guo S, Xie W, Li D, Zhou J, Gao J, Liu M. CYLD deficiency promotes pancreatic cancer development by causing mitotic defects. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9723-9732. [PMID: 30362575 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of pancreatic cancer, which has the highest mortality rate among all types of malignancies, has challenged oncologists for decades, and early detection would undoubtedly increase favorable patient outcomes. The identification of proteins involved in pancreatic cancer progression could lead to biomarkers for early detection of this disease. This study identifies one potential candidate, cylindromatosis (CYLD), a deubiquitinase and microtubule-binding protein that plays a suppressive role in pancreatic cancer development. In pancreatic cancer samples, downregulation of CYLD expression resulted from a loss in the copy number of the CYLD gene; additionally, reduced expression of CYLD negatively correlated with the clinicopathological parameters. Further study demonstrated that CYLD deficiency promoted colony formation in vitro and pancreatic cancer growth in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that CYLD is essential for spindle orientation and properly oriented cell division; CYLD deficiency resulted in a substantial increase in chromosome missegregation. Taken together, these data indicate a critical role for CYLD in suppressing pancreatic tumorigenesis, implicating its potential as a biomarker for early detection of pancreatic cancer and a prognostic indicator of patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huijie Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinmin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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9
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Nambiar M, Smith GR. Pericentromere-Specific Cohesin Complex Prevents Meiotic Pericentric DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Lethal Crossovers. Mol Cell 2018; 71:540-553.e4. [PMID: 30078721 PMCID: PMC6097939 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In most eukaryotes, meiotic crossovers are essential for error-free chromosome segregation but are specifically repressed near centromeres to prevent missegregation. Recognized for >85 years, the molecular mechanism of this repression has remained unknown. Meiotic chromosomes contain two distinct cohesin complexes: pericentric complex (for segregation) and chromosomal arm complex (for crossing over). We show that the pericentric-specific complex also actively represses pericentric meiotic double-strand break (DSB) formation and, consequently, crossovers. We uncover the mechanism by which fission yeast heterochromatin protein Swi6 (mammalian HP1-homolog) prevents recruitment of activators of meiotic DSB formation. Localizing missing activators to wild-type pericentromeres bypasses repression and generates abundant crossovers but reduces gamete viability. The molecular mechanism elucidated here likely extends to other species, including humans, where pericentric crossovers can result in disorders, such as Down syndrome. These mechanistic insights provide new clues to understand the roles played by multiple cohesin complexes, especially in human infertility and birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Nambiar
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gerald R Smith
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of cancer. Defects in chromosome segregation result in aneuploidy. Multiple pathways are engaged in this process, including errors in kinetochore-microtubule attachments, supernumerary centrosomes, spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) defects, and chromosome cohesion defects. Although aneuploidy provides an adaptation and proliferative advantage in affected cells, excessive aneuploidy beyond a critical level can be lethal to cancer cells. Given this, enhanced chromosome missegregation is hypothesized to limit survival of aneuploid cancer cells, especially when compared to diploid cells. Based on this concept, proteins and pathways engaged in chromosome segregation are being exploited as candidate therapeutic targets for aneuploid cancers. Agents that induce chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy now exist, including SAC inhibitors, those that alter centrosome fidelity and others that are under active study in preclinical and clinical contexts. This review explores the therapeutic potentials of such new agents, including the benefits of combining them with other antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kawakami
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Current affiliation: Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21701, USA;
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11
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Cosenza MR, Cazzola A, Rossberg A, Schieber NL, Konotop G, Bausch E, Slynko A, Holland-Letz T, Raab MS, Dubash T, Glimm H, Poppelreuther S, Herold-Mende C, Schwab Y, Krämer A. Asymmetric Centriole Numbers at Spindle Poles Cause Chromosome Missegregation in Cancer. Cell Rep 2017; 20:1906-20. [PMID: 28834753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer and correlates with the presence of extra centrosomes, which originate from centriole overduplication. Overduplicated centrioles lead to the formation of centriole rosettes, which mature into supernumerary centrosomes in the subsequent cell cycle. While extra centrosomes promote chromosome missegregation by clustering into pseudo-bipolar spindles, the contribution of centriole rosettes to chromosome missegregation is unknown. We used multi-modal imaging of cells with conditional centriole overduplication to show that mitotic rosettes in bipolar spindles frequently harbor unequal centriole numbers, leading to biased chromosome capture that favors binding to the prominent pole. This results in chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy. Rosette mitoses lead to viable offspring and significantly contribute to progeny production. We further show that centrosome abnormalities in primary human malignancies frequently consist of centriole rosettes. As asymmetric centriole rosettes generate mitotic errors that can be propagated, rosette mitoses are sufficient to cause chromosome missegregation in cancer.
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Soto M, Raaijmakers JA, Bakker B, Spierings DCJ, Lansdorp PM, Foijer F, Medema RH. p53 Prohibits Propagation of Chromosome Segregation Errors that Produce Structural Aneuploidies. Cell Rep 2018. [PMID: 28636931 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of an abnormal karyotype has been shown to be profoundly detrimental at the cellular and organismal levels but is an overt hallmark of cancer. Aneuploidy can lead to p53 activation and thereby prevents proliferation, but the exact trigger for p53 activation has remained controversial. Here, we have used a system to induce aneuploidy in untransformed human cells to explore how cells deal with different segregation errors. We show that p53 is activated only in a subset of the cells with altered chromosome content. Importantly, we find that at least a subset of whole-chromosome aneuploidies can be propagated in p53-proficient cells, indicating that aneuploidy does not always lead to activation of p53. Finally, we demonstrate that propagation of structural aneuploidies (gain or loss of part of a chromosome) induced by segregation errors is limited to p53-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Soto
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonne A Raaijmakers
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M Lansdorp
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - René H Medema
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Chacón MR, Delivani P, Tolić IM. Meiotic Nuclear Oscillations Are Necessary to Avoid Excessive Chromosome Associations. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1632-1645. [PMID: 27806301 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pairing of homologous chromosomes is a crucial step in meiosis, which in fission yeast depends on nuclear oscillations. However, how nuclear oscillations help pairing is unknown. Here, we show that homologous loci typically pair when the spindle pole body is at the cell pole and the nucleus is elongated, whereas they unpair when the spindle pole body is in the cell center and the nucleus is round. Inhibition of oscillations demonstrated that movement is required for initial pairing and that prolonged association of loci leads to mis-segregation. The double-strand break marker Rec25 accumulates in elongated nuclei, indicating that prolonged chromosome stretching triggers recombinatory pathways leading to mis-segregation. Mis-segregation is rescued by overexpression of the Holliday junction resolvase Mus81, suggesting that prolonged pairing results in irresolvable recombination intermediates. We conclude that nuclear oscillations exhibit a dual role, promoting initial pairing and restricting the time of chromosome associations to ensure proper segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola R Chacón
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petrina Delivani
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Iva M Tolić
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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14
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Chen YTS, Wu J, Modrich P, Hsieh TS. The C-terminal 20 Amino Acids of Drosophila Topoisomerase 2 Are Required for Binding to a BRCA1 C Terminus (BRCT) Domain-containing Protein, Mus101, and Fidelity of DNA Segregation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13216-28. [PMID: 27129233 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic topoisomerase 2 (Top2) and one of its interacting partners, topoisomerase IIβ binding protein 1 (TopBP1) are two proteins performing essential cellular functions. We mapped the interacting domains of these two proteins using co-immunoprecipitation and pulldown experiments with truncated or mutant Drosophila Top2 with various Ser-to-Ala substitutions. We discovered that the last 20 amino acids of Top2 represent the key region for binding with Mus101 (the Drosophila homolog of TopBP1) and that phosphorylation of Ser-1428 and Ser-1443 is important for Top2 to interact with the N terminus of Mus101, which contains the BRCT1/2 domains. The interaction between Mus101 and the Top2 C-terminal regulatory domain is phosphorylation-dependent because treatment with phosphatase abolishes their association in pulldown assays. The binding affinity of N-terminal Mus101 with a synthetic phosphorylated peptide spanning the last 25 amino acids of Top2 (with Ser(P)-1428 and Ser(P)-1443) was determined by surface plasmon resonance with a Kd of 0.57 μm In an in vitro decatenation assay, Mus101 can specifically reduce the decatenation activity of Top2, and dephosphorylation of Top2 attenuates this response. Next, we endeavored to establish a cellular system for testing the biological function of Top2-Mus101 interaction. Top2-silenced S2 cells rescued by Top2Δ20, Top2 with 20 amino acids truncated from the C terminus, developed abnormally high chromosome numbers, which implies that Top2-Mus101 interaction is important for maintaining the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tao-Shih Hsieh
- From the Department of Biochemistry and the Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710 and
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15
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Marchetti F, Massarotti A, Yauk CL, Pacchierotti F, Russo A. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for chemical binding to tubulin in oocytes leading to aneuploid offspring. Environ Mol Mutagen 2016; 57:87-113. [PMID: 26581746 DOI: 10.1002/em.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has launched the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Programme to advance knowledge of pathways of toxicity and improve the use of mechanistic information in risk assessment. An AOP links a molecular initiating event (MIE) to an adverse outcome (AO) through intermediate key events (KE). Here, we present the scientific evidence in support of an AOP whereby chemicals that bind to tubulin cause microtubule depolymerization resulting in spindle disorganization followed by altered chromosome alignment and segregation and the generation of aneuploidy in female germ cells, ultimately leading to aneuploidy in the offspring. Aneuploidy, an abnormal number of chromosomes that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number, is a well-known cause of human disease and represents a major cause of infertility, pregnancy failure, and serious genetic disorders in the offspring. Among chemicals that induce aneuploidy in female germ cells, a large majority impairs microtubule dynamics and spindle function. Colchicine, a prototypical chemical that binds to tubulin and causes microtubule depolymerization, is used here to illustrate the AOP. This AOP is specific to female germ cells exposed during the periovulation period. Although the majority of the data come from rodent studies, the available evidence suggests that the MIE and KEs are conserved across species and would occur in human oocytes. The development of AOPs related to mutagenicity in germ cells is expected to aid the identification of potential hazards to germ cell genomic integrity and support regulatory efforts to protect population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi Del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, ENEA CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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Maia ARR, de Man J, Boon U, Janssen A, Song JY, Omerzu M, Sterrenburg JG, Prinsen MBW, Willemsen-Seegers N, de Roos JADM, van Doornmalen AM, Uitdehaag JCM, Kops GJPL, Jonkers J, Buijsman RC, Zaman GJR, Medema RH. Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint kinase TTK enhances the efficacy of docetaxel in a triple-negative breast cancer model. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:2180-92. [PMID: 26153498 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are considered the most aggressive type of breast cancer, for which no targeted therapy exists at the moment. These tumors are characterized by having a high degree of chromosome instability and often overexpress the spindle assembly checkpoint kinase TTK. To explore the potential of TTK inhibition as a targeted therapy in TNBC, we developed a highly potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of TTK, NTRC 0066-0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The compound is characterized by long residence time on the target and inhibits the proliferation of a wide variety of human cancer cell lines with potency in the same range as marketed cytotoxic agents. In cell lines and in mice, NTRC 0066-0 inhibits the phosphorylation of a TTK substrate and induces chromosome missegregation. NTRC 0066-0 inhibits tumor growth in MDA-MB-231 xenografts as a single agent after oral application. To address the effect of the inhibitor in breast cancer, we used a well-defined mouse model that spontaneously develops breast tumors that share key morphologic and molecular features with human TNBC. Our studies show that combination of NTRC 0066-0 with a therapeutic dose of docetaxel resulted in doubling of mouse survival and extended tumor remission, without toxicity. Furthermore, we observed that treatment efficacy is only achieved upon co-administration of the two compounds, which suggests a synergistic in vivo effect. Therefore, we propose TTK inhibition as a novel therapeutic target for neoadjuvant therapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R R Maia
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - J de Man
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Oss
| | - U Boon
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Centre
| | - A Janssen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - J-Y Song
- Division of Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - G J P L Kops
- Department of Medical Oncology Department of Cancer Genomics Netherlands, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Centre Department of Cancer Genomics Netherlands, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R C Buijsman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Oss
| | - G J R Zaman
- Netherlands Translational Research Center B.V., Oss
| | - R H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam Department of Cancer Genomics Netherlands, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
Bub3 is a conserved component of the mitotic spindle assembly complex. The protein is essential for early development in Bub3 gene-disrupted mice, evident from their failure to survive beyond day 6.5-7.5 postcoitus (pc). Bub3 null embryos appear normal up to day 3.5 pc but accumulate mitotic errors from days 4.5-6.5 pc in the form of micronuclei, chromatin bridging, lagging chromosomes, and irregular nuclear morphology. Null embryos treated with a spindle-depolymerising agent fail to arrest in metaphase and show an increase in mitotic disarray. The results confirm Bub3 as a component of the essential spindle checkpoint pathway that operates during early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kalitsis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Melbourne, Australia
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Basu J, Bousbaa H, Logarinho E, Li Z, Williams BC, Lopes C, Sunkel CE, Goldberg ML. Mutations in the essential spindle checkpoint gene bub1 cause chromosome missegregation and fail to block apoptosis in Drosophila. J Cell Biol 1999; 146:13-28. [PMID: 10402457 PMCID: PMC2199734 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.146.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have characterized the Drosophila mitotic checkpoint control protein Bub1 and obtained mutations in the bub1 gene. Drosophila Bub1 localizes strongly to the centromere/kinetochore of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes that have not yet reached the metaphase plate. Animals homozygous for P-element-induced, near-null mutations of bub1 die during late larval/pupal stages due to severe mitotic abnormalities indicative of a bypass of checkpoint function. These abnormalities include accelerated exit from metaphase and chromosome missegregation and fragmentation. Chromosome fragmentation possibly leads to the significantly elevated levels of apoptosis seen in mutants. We have also investigated the relationship between Bub1 and other kinetochore components. We show that Bub1 kinase activity is not required for phosphorylation of 3F3/2 epitopes at prophase/prometaphase, but is needed for 3F3/2 dephosphorylation at metaphase. Neither 3F3/2 dephosphorylation nor loss of Bub1 from the kinetochore is a prerequisite for anaphase entry. Bub1's localization to the kinetochore does not depend on the products of the genes zw10, rod, polo, or fizzy, indicating that the kinetochore is constructed from several independent subassemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Basu
- Section of Genetics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Logarinho
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150 Porto, Portugal
| | - ZeXiao Li
- Section of Genetics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Byron C. Williams
- Section of Genetics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Carla Lopes
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudio E. Sunkel
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050 Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael L. Goldberg
- Section of Genetics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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