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Wang W, Xu Z, Liu M, Cai M, Liu X. Prospective applications of extracellular vesicle-based therapies in regenerative medicine: implications for the use of dental stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1278124. [PMID: 37936823 PMCID: PMC10627172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1278124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has made remarkable advancements. Recently, researchers have uncovered the exceptional biological features of EVs, highlighting their prospective use as therapeutic targets, biomarkers, innovative drug delivery systems, and standalone therapeutic agents. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells stand out as the most potent source of EVs for clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Owing to their accessibility and capability of undergoing numerous differentiation inductions, dental stem cell-derived EVs (DSC-EVs) offer distinct advantages in the field of tissue regeneration. Nonetheless, it is essential to note that unmodified EVs are currently unsuitable for use in the majority of clinical therapeutic scenarios. Considering the high feasibility of engineering EVs, it is imperative to modify these EVs to facilitate the swift translation of theoretical knowledge into clinical practice. The review succinctly presents the known biotherapeutic effects of odontogenic EVs and the underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, the current state of functional cargo loading for engineered EVs is critically discussed. For enhancing EV targeting and in vivo circulation time, the review highlights cutting-edge engineering solutions that may help overcome key obstacles in the clinical application of EV therapeutics. By presenting innovative concepts and strategies, this review aims to pave the way for the adaptation of DSC-EVs in regenerative medicine within clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zinan Xu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Liu
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiang Cai
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Liang X, Niu Z, Galli V, Howe N, Zhao Y, Wiklander OPB, Zheng W, Wiklander RJ, Corso G, Davies C, Hean J, Kyriakopoulou E, Mamand DR, Amin R, Nordin JZ, Gupta D, Andaloussi SE. Extracellular vesicles engineered to bind albumin demonstrate extended circulation time and lymph node accumulation in mouse models. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12248. [PMID: 35879268 PMCID: PMC9314316 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise as potential therapeutics for the treatment of various diseases. However, their rapid clearance after administration could be a limitation in certain therapeutic settings. To solve this, an engineering strategy is employed to decorate albumin onto the surface of the EVs through surface display of albumin binding domains (ABDs). ABDs were either included in the extracellular loops of select EV‐enriched tetraspanins (CD63, CD9 and CD81) or directly fused to the extracellular terminal of single transmembrane EV‐sorting domains, such as Lamp2B. These engineered EVs exert robust binding capacity to human serum albumins (HSA) in vitro and mouse serum albumins (MSA) after injection in mice. By binding to MSA, circulating time of EVs dramatically increases after different routes of injection in different strains of mice. Moreover, these engineered EVs show considerable lymph node (LN) and solid tumour accumulation, which can be utilized when using EVs for immunomodulation, cancer‐ and/or immunotherapy. The increased circulation time of EVs may also be important when combined with tissue‐specific targeting ligands and could provide significant benefit for their therapeutic use in a variety of disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Liang
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cancer Research Laboratory, Shandong University-Karolinska Institutet collaborative Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zheyu Niu
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | | | | | - Ying Zhao
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar P B Wiklander
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenyi Zheng
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rim Jawad Wiklander
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Corso
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Doste R Mamand
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Risul Amin
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joel Z Nordin
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Biomolecular Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evox Therapeutics Limited, Oxford, UK
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3
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Verkhovskii R, Ermakov A, Sindeeva O, Prikhozhdenko E, Kozlova A, Grishin O, Makarkin M, Gorin D, Bratashov D. Effect of Size on Magnetic Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Behavior: Biodistribution, Circulation Time, Interactions with Blood Cells and Immune System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2147. [PMID: 34959428 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug carriers based on polyelectrolyte microcapsules remotely controlled with an external magnetic field are a promising drug delivery system. However, the influence of capsule parameters on microcapsules’ behavior in vivo is still ambiguous and requires additional study. Here, we discuss how the processes occurring in the blood flow influence the circulation time of magnetic polyelectrolyte microcapsules in mouse blood after injection into the blood circulatory system and their interaction with different blood components, such as WBCs and RBCs. The investigation of microcapsules ranging in diameter 1–5.5 μm allowed us to reveal the dynamics of their filtration by vital organs, cytotoxicity, and hemotoxicity, which is dependent on their size, alongside the efficiency of their interaction with the magnetic field. Our results show that small capsules have a long circulation time and do not affect blood cells. In contrast, the injection of large 5.5 μm microcapsules leads to fast filtration from the blood flow, induces the inhibition of macrophage cell line proliferation after 48 h, and causes an increase in hemolysis, depending on the carrier concentration. The obtained results reveal the possible directions of fine-tuning microcapsule parameters, maximizing capsule payload without the side effects for the blood flow or the blood cells.
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4
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Li S, Bobbala S, Vincent MP, Modak M, Liu Y, Scott EA. Pi-stacking Enhances Stability, Scalability of Formation, Control over Flexibility and Circulation Time of Polymeric Filaments. Adv Nanobiomed Res 2021; 1:2100063. [PMID: 34870281 PMCID: PMC8635300 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembling filomicelles (FM) are of great interest to nanomedicine due to their structural flexibility, extensive systemic circulation time, and amenability to unique "cylinder-to-sphere" morphological transitions. However, current fabrication techniques for FM self-assembly are highly variable and difficult to scale. Here, we demonstrate that tetrablock copolymers composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) diblocks linked by a pi-stacking perylene bisimide (PBI) moiety permit rapid, scalable, and facile assembly of FM via the flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) method. Co-assembling the tetrablocks and PEG-b-PPS diblocks at different molar ratios resulted in mixed PBI-containing FM (mPBI-FM) with tunable length and flexibility. The flexibility of mPBI-FM can be optimized to decrease uptake by macrophages in vivo, leading to increased circulation time versus (-)PBI-FM without PBI tetrablocks after intravenous administration in mice. While PEG-b-PPS diblocks form FM within a narrow range of hydrophilic weight fractions, incorporation of pi-stacking PBI groups expanded this range to increase favorability of FM assembly. Furthermore, the aggregation-dependent fluorescence of PBI shifted during oxidation-induced "cylinder-to-sphere" transitions of mPBI-FM into micelles, resulting in a distinct emission wavelength for filamentous versus spherical nanostructures. Thus, incorporation of pi-stacking allows for rapid, scalable assembly of FM with tunable flexibility and stability for theranostic and nanomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Michael P Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mallika Modak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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5
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Kwon Y, Sands SA, Stone KL, Taranto-Montemurro L, Alex RM, White DP, Wellman A, Redline S, Azarbarzin A. Prolonged Circulation Time Is Associated With Mortality Among Older Men With Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Chest 2021; 159:1610-20. [PMID: 33069723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional metrics to evaluate sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) have many limitations, including their inability to identify subclinical markers of cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction. RESEARCH QUESTION Does sleep study-derived circulation time (Ct) predict mortality, independent of CV risks and SDB severity? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We derived average lung to finger Ct (LFCt) from sleep studies in older men enrolled in the multicenter Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sleep study. LFCt was defined as the average time between end of scored respiratory events and nadir oxygen desaturations associated with those events. We calculated the hazard ratio (HRs) for the CV and all-cause mortality by LFCt quartiles, adjusting for the demographic characteristics, body habitus, baseline CV risk, and CV disease (CVD). Additional models included apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), time with oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) < 90% (T90), and hypoxic burden. We also repeated analyses after excluding those with CVD at baseline. RESULTS A total of 2,631 men (mean ± SD age, 76.4 ± 5.5 years) were included in this study. LFCt median (interquartile range) was 18 (15-22) s. During an average ± SD follow-up of 9.9 ± 3.5 years, 427 men (16%) and 1,205 men (46%) experienced CV death and all-cause death, respectively. In multivariate analysis, men in the fourth quartile of LFCt (22-52 s) had an HR of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.02-1.81) and 1.35 (95% CI, 1.14-1.60) for CV and all-cause mortality, respectively, when compared with men in the first quartile (4-15 s). The results were similar when additionally adjusting for AHI, T90, or hypoxic burden. Results were stronger among men with no history of CVD at baseline. INTERPRETATION LFCt is associated with both CV and all-cause mortality in older men, independent of baseline CV burden and SDB metrics. LFCt may be a novel physiologic marker for subclinical CVD and adverse outcomes in patients with SDB.
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6
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Dal NJK, Kocere A, Wohlmann J, Van Herck S, Bauer TA, Resseguier J, Bagherifam S, Hyldmo H, Barz M, De Geest BG, Fenaroli F. Zebrafish Embryos Allow Prediction of Nanoparticle Circulation Times in Mice and Facilitate Quantification of Nanoparticle-Cell Interactions. Small 2020; 16:e1906719. [PMID: 31943784 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish embryo is a vertebrate well suited for visualizing nanoparticles at high resolution in live animals. Its optical transparency and genetic versatility allow noninvasive, real-time observations of vascular flow of nanoparticles and their interactions with cells throughout the body. As a consequence, this system enables the acquisition of quantitative data that are difficult to obtain in rodents. Until now, a few studies using the zebrafish model have only described semiquantitative results on key nanoparticle parameters. Here, a MACRO dedicated to automated quantitative methods is described for analyzing important parameters of nanoparticle behavior, such as circulation time and interactions with key target cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Direct comparison of four nanoparticle (NP) formulations in zebrafish embryos and mice reveals that data obtained in zebrafish can be used to predict NPs' behavior in the mouse model. NPs having long or short blood circulation in rodents behave similarly in the zebrafish embryo, with low circulation times being a consequence of NP uptake into macrophages or endothelial cells. It is proposed that the zebrafish embryo has the potential to become an important intermediate screening system for nanoparticle research to bridge the gap between cell culture studies and preclinical rodent models such as the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnese Kocere
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Wohlmann
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon Van Herck
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tobias A Bauer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julien Resseguier
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahla Bagherifam
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Hyldmo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Federico Fenaroli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Fan L, Fan Y, Fan H, Huang K. Evaluation of Strategies for Decreasing Blood Glucose Using Albuminbinding Domain. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:605-612. [PMID: 31893990 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200101105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frequent administrations for DPPIV-resistant GLP-1 analogs are necessary to maintain the blood concentrations due to the short half-life of less than 5 minutes. However, most delivery systems that possess the ability of sustainable release of GLP-1 have drawbacks such as low yield, high cost and undesirable side effects. Therefore, we aimed to prepare a simple and efficient delivery system that could be feasibly applied to reduce blood glucose. METHODS A novel GLP-1 delivery system (GLP-1-ELPs-SA) was prepared and characterized by circular dichroism. Furthermore, the activity and property of GLP-1-ELPs-SA were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS GLP-1-ELPs-SA are easily expressed in E. coli in a soluble formulation and purified through the inverse transition cycle. GLP-1-ELPs-SA spontaneously generated depot under physiological conditions. GLP-1-ELPs-SA was also found to be dispersed in the blood vessels from the depot and showed a high affinity to bind with mice (C57BL/6J) albumin, which shows that GLP-1-ELPs-SA has a long circulation time in vivo. CONCLUSION Our delivery system could markedly decrease the clearance of recombinant proteins based on serum albumin, without substantially increasing the protein molecular weight and remarkably reducing the blood glucose within 120 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changle Road 68, Nanjing, 210006, China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yani Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changle Road 68, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changle Road 68, Nanjing, 210006, China.,School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kaizong Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Lab, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changle Road 68, Nanjing, 210006, China
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8
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de Kruijff RM, Raavé R, Kip A, Molkenboer-Kuenen J, Roobol SJ, Essers J, Heskamp S, Denkova AG. Elucidating the Influence of Tumor Presence on the Polymersome Circulation Time in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11050241. [PMID: 31137479 PMCID: PMC6572275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles as tumor-targeting agents is steadily increasing, and the influence of nanoparticle characteristics such as size and stealthiness have been established for a large number of nanocarrier systems. However, not much is known about the impact of tumor presence on nanocarrier circulation times. This paper reports on the influence of tumor presence on the in vivo circulation time and biodistribution of polybutadiene-polyethylene oxide (PBd-PEO) polymersomes. For this purpose, polymersomes were loaded with the gamma-emitter 111In and administered intravenously, followed by timed ex vivo biodistribution. A large reduction in circulation time was observed for tumor-bearing mice, with a circulation half-life of merely 5 min (R2 = 0.98) vs 117 min (R2 = 0.95) in healthy mice. To determine whether the rapid polymersome clearance observed in tumor-bearing mice was mediated by macrophages, chlodronate liposomes were administered to both healthy and tumor-bearing mice prior to the intravenous injection of radiolabeled polymersomes to deplete their macrophages. Pretreatment with chlodronate liposomes depleted macrophages in the spleen and liver and restored the circulation time of the polymersomes with no significant difference in circulation time between healthy mice and tumor-bearing mice pretreated with clodronate liposomes (15.2 ± 1.2% ID/g and 13.6 ± 2.7% ID/g, respectively, at 4 h p.i. with p = 0.3). This indicates that activation of macrophages due to tumor presence indeed affected polymersome clearance rate. Thus, next to particle design, the presence of a tumor can also greatly impact circulation times and should be taken into account when designing studies to evaluate the distribution of polymersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M de Kruijff
- Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - René Raavé
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemarie Kip
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Janneke Molkenboer-Kuenen
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan J Roobol
- Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Antonia G Denkova
- Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Nanomaterials have been widely used in the design of drug delivery platforms. This work computationally explores the vascular dynamics of nanoworms as drug carriers within blood flow by considering the effects of nanoworm length, stiffness, and local physiological conditions such as hematocrit. We found that nanoworms with length of 8 μm and moderate stiffness are the optimal choice as drug carriers for circulating within normal vascular network due to their lower near wall margination. Compared to those of spherical rigid particles, these nanoworms demonstrate significant demargination behaviors at hematocrit 20%, induced by the local hydrodynamic interactions. Specifically, the interactions between nanoworms and red blood cells create asymmetrical local flow fields, resulting in the demargination of nanoworms. In addition, the flexibility of nanoworms enables them to conform to the deformed shape of red blood cells under shear flow, leading to their high concentration within the core region of vessels. Therefore, the long blood circulation time of nanoworms can be partially attributed to their demargination behaviors and intertwinement with red blood cells. According to these simulation results, tuning the length and stiffness of nanoworms is the key to design drug carries with reduced near wall margination within normal vascular networks and extend their blood circulation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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10
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Nissinen T, Näkki S, Laakso H, Kučiauskas D, Kaupinis A, Kettunen MI, Liimatainen T, Hyvönen M, Valius M, Gröhn O, Lehto VP. Tailored Dual PEGylation of Inorganic Porous Nanocarriers for Extremely Long Blood Circulation in Vivo. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:32723-32731. [PMID: 27934159 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug carrier systems based on mesoporous inorganic nanoparticles generally face the problem of fast clearance from bloodstream thus failing in passive and active targeting to cancer tissue. To address this problem, a specific dual PEGylation (DPEG) method for mesoporous silicon (PSi) was developed and studied in vitro and in vivo. The DPEG coating changed significantly the behavior of the nanoparticles in vivo, increasing the circulation half-life from 1 to 241 min. Furthermore, accumulation of the coated particles was mainly taking place in the spleen whereas uncoated nanoparticles were rapidly deposited in the liver. The protein coronas of the particles differed considerably from each other. The uncoated particles had substantially more proteins adsorbed including liver and immune active proteins, whereas the coated particles had proteins capable of suppressing cellular uptake. These reasons along with agglomeration observed in blood circulation were concluded to cause the differences in the behavior in vivo. The biofate of the particles was monitored with magnetic resonance imaging by incorporating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals inside the pores of the particles making dynamic imaging of the particles feasible. The results of the present study pave the way for further development of the porous inorganic delivery system in the sense of active targeting as the carriers can be easily chemically modified allowing also magnetically targeted delivery and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dalius Kučiauskas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University , Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University , Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Timo Liimatainen
- Imaging Centre, Kuopio University Hospital , Puijonlaaksontie 2, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Mindaugas Valius
- Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University , Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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11
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Kwon Y, Van't Hof J, Roy SS, Bache RJ, Das G. A Novel Method for Assessing Cardiac Output With the Use of Oxygen Circulation Time. J Card Fail 2015; 22:921-924. [PMID: 26571148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether a simple breath hold would yield dynamic oxygen (O2) saturation change and whether the derived circulation time would be useful in assessing cardiac function. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients undergoing right heart catheterization for clinical indications (n = 48), including heart failure (HF; n = 24), were prospectively recruited. Each subject was instructed to hold their breath for 20-40 seconds. Lung to finger circulation time (LFCT), defined as the time from the point of rebreathing to nadir O2 desaturation, was correlated with cardiac output. Among 48 subjects recruited, 37 manifested ≥3% O2 desaturation allowing for an LFCT measurement. Mean LFCT was 38.5 ± 17.5 seconds (range 18.9-94.7 s). LFCT in patients with a clinical diagnosis of HF was significantly longer than those without (45.9 ± 19.9 s vs 31.5 ± 11.5 s; P = .01). Overall, the LFCT was inversely correlated with cardiac output (Fick: r = -0.56; P < .001 [n = 37]; thermodilution: r = -0.6; P = .001 [n = 27]). CONCLUSIONS LFCT is prolonged in low cardiac output. LFCT is a novel method that may be useful to noninvasively assess cardiac function in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Jeremy Van't Hof
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Samit S Roy
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert J Bache
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gladwin Das
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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12
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Lee KW, Tsai FY, Chen WL, Liu CK, Kuo CL. Intracranial venous hemodynamics and rupture of cerebral aneurysm. Neuroradiol J 2014; 27:703-9. [PMID: 25489894 DOI: 10.15274/nrj-2014-10091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many uncertain and inconsistent etiologies of cerebral aneurysmal rupture including a wide spectrum of factors have been reported. Our recent observation discloses the potential new factor of cerebral aneurysm rupture with cerebral venous pressure gradient. We retrospectively reviewed 52 cases treated with coil embolization with or without cerebral aneurysmal rupture. Seventeen males and 30 females were recruited in this study. Quantitative color-coded cerebral angiography was performed during coil therapeutic procedures to measure cerebral venous circulation. Ruptured cases had shorter and symmetrical cerebral venous circulation time (P <0.05). In addition, an asymmetrical venous outflow pattern was critical for aneurysmal rupture. Non-ruptured cases tended to have slower and asymmetrical cerebral venous circulation compared with rupture cases. Symmetrical and shorter cerebral venous circulation in the dysplasia venous outlet may be a potential new factor for cerebral aneurysm rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwo-Whei Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging, Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan - Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University; Taipei, Taiwan - -
| | - Fong-Y Tsai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Changhua Christian Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan - Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ling Kuo
- Vascular and Genomic Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital; Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung to finger circulation time (LFCT) can be estimated from polysomnography (PSG) in the presence of an apneic event by using oxygen as an indicator and a finger as the site of detection. The purpose of this study was to refine the methodology of LFCT measurement and to compare LFCT in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with and without heart failure (HF). METHODS In a retrospective manner, 10 LFCT measurements per patient were made from the PSG in 171 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of OSA who were divided into two groups: (a) those with a clinical history of underlying HF (N = 42) and (b) those without HF (N = 129). Mean values were compared between the two groups. We also examined associations of LFCT with various factors in each group and the combined group separately using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Gender and age were significantly associated with LFCT in patients with OSA alone. Use of β-blockers was associated with LFCT in the group with OSA with HF. Among the entire cohort, HF, β-blocker, gender, and age were found to be significantly associated with LFCT. The presence of HF was the strongest predictor of a prolonged LFCT (adjusted mean LFCT: OSA only = 18.5 [95% CI: 17.2-19.7 sec] vs. OSA with HF = 26.1 [95% CI: 24.3-28.0 sec], p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION LFCT can be reliably measured and is prolonged in patients with OSA and underlying HF. LFCT based on PSG may be a useful marker for detection of coexisting HF in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kwon
- Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN ; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Talha Khan
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Sato K, Shimizu H, Inoue T, Fujimura M, Matsumoto Y, Kondo R, Endo H, Sonoda Y, Tominaga T. Angiographic circulation time and cerebral blood flow during balloon test occlusion of the internal carotid artery. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:136-43. [PMID: 24103905 PMCID: PMC3887353 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Angiography-based balloon test occlusion (BTO) has been empirically used to predict tolerance to permanent carotid artery occlusion. We tested the hypothesis that the laterality of the hemispheric circulation time (HCT) of the contrast medium at cerebral angiography would reflect bilateral asymmetry of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) during BTO. Thirty-one consecutive patients who underwent BTO of the internal carotid artery were retrospectively analyzed. HCT was defined as the interval between the time-to-peak in the middle cerebral artery and the cortical veins calculated using time-density curve. The difference in HCT between the occluded and nonoccluded side was calculated at the carotid or dominant vertebral angiograms obtained during BTO. We estimated the correlation between the difference in HCT and bilateral asymmetry of the CBF, which was quantitatively determined by single-photon emission computed tomography. The HCT was 5.3±1.5 seconds and regional CBF was 41.3±11.3 mL/100 g per minute in the occluded side, compared with 3.6±0.9 seconds and 48.4±14.9 mL/100 g per minute in the nonoccluded side, respectively. The difference in HCT was strongly correlated with the asymmetry ratio of the CBF (r(2)=0.89, P<0.0001). Angiographically based measurement of the cerebral circulation time can provide valuable information concerning cerebral hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Ryushi Kondo
- Department of Neuroendovascular Therapy, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidenori Endo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sonoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Zhao Y, Wang L, Yan M, Ma Y, Zang G, She Z, Deng Y. Repeated injection of PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles induces accelerated blood clearance in mice and beagles. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2891-900. [PMID: 22745552 PMCID: PMC3383289 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s30943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface modification of nanocarriers with amphiphilic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG), known as PEGylation, is regarded as a major breakthrough in the application of nanocarriers. However, PEGylated nanocarriers (including liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles) induce what is referred to as the “accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon” upon repeated injection and consequently they lose their sustained circulation characteristics. Despite this, the present authors are not aware of any reports of accelerated clearance due to repeated injection for PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), another promising nanocarrier. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of PEGylated SLNs upon repeated administration in mice; moreover, the impact of circulation time on the induction of the ABC phenomenon was studied in beagles for the first time. The ABC index, selected as the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measured concentration of a second injection to that of the first injection, was used to evaluate the extent of this phenomenon. Results showed that the PEGylated SLNs exhibited accelerated clearance from systemic circulation upon repeated injection, both in mice and in beagles, and the ratio for the different time intervals, which showed that the ABC index exhibited significant difference within 30 minutes following the second injection, was good enough to evaluate the magnitude of ABC. This ABC index indicated that the 10 mol% PEG SLNs with a suitable prolonged circulation time induced the most marked ABC phenomenon in this research. This study demonstrated that, like PEGylated nanocarriers such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, PEGylated SLNs induced the ABC phenomenon upon repeated injection – the beagle was a valuable experimental animal for this research. Furthermore, the authors considered that a relatively extended circulation time of the initial dose may be the underlying major factor determining the induction of the ABC phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Nanoparticles are an essential component in the emerging field of nanomedical imaging and therapy. When deployed in vivo, these materials are typically protected from the immune system by polyethylene glycol (PEG). A wide variety of strategies to coat and characterize nanoparticles with PEG has established important trends on PEG size, shape, density, loading level, molecular weight, charge and purification. Strategies to incorporate targeting ligands are also prevalent. This article presents a background to investigators new to stealth nanoparticles, and suggests some key considerations needed prior to designing a nanoparticle PEGylation protocol and characterizing the performance features of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse V Jokerst
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5427 USA
| | - Tatsiana Lobovkina
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5080 USA
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5080 USA
- Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Bio-Xc, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5427 USA
- Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Bio-Xc, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Mullin L, Gessner R, Kwan J, Kaya M, Borden MA, Dayton PA. Effect of anesthesia carrier gas on in vivo circulation times of ultrasound microbubble contrast agents in rats. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2011; 6:126-31. [PMID: 21246710 PMCID: PMC3341737 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microbubble contrast agents are currently implemented in a variety of both clinical and preclinical ultrasound imaging studies. The therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities of these contrast agents are limited by their short in-vivo lifetimes, and research to lengthen their circulation times is on going. In this manuscript, observations are presented from a controlled experiment performed to evaluate differences in circulation times for lipid shelled perfluorocarbon-filled contrast agents circulating within rodents as a function of inhaled anesthesia carrier gas. METHODS The effects of two common anesthesia carrier gas selections - pure oxygen and medical air were observed within five rats. Contrast agent persistence within the kidney was measured and compared for oxygen and air anesthesia carrier gas for six bolus contrast injections in each animal. Simulations were performed to examine microbubble behavior with changes in external environment gases. RESULTS A statistically significant extension of contrast circulation time was observed for animals breathing medical air compared to breathing pure oxygen. Simulations support experimental observations and indicate that enhanced contrast persistence may be explained by reduced ventilation/perfusion mismatch and classical diffusion, in which nitrogen plays a key role by contributing to the volume and diluting other gas species in the microbubble gas core. CONCLUSION Using medical air in place of oxygen as the carrier gas for isoflurane anesthesia can increase the circulation lifetime of ultrasound microbubble contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Mullin
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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