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Yokokawa D, Umemura N, Miyamoto Y, Kondoh N, Kawano S. Chemokine‑like receptor 1‑positive cells are present in the odontoblast layer in tooth tissue in rats and humans. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:75. [PMID: 38264427 PMCID: PMC10804379 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD)44 is a marker of dental pulp stem cells and is involved in odontoblast differentiation and calcification. Chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), also known as chemerin receptor 23 (ChemR23) is also expressed in odontoblasts and dental pulp stem cells and is involved in inflammation suppression and tooth regeneration. Resolvin E1, a bioactive lipid, is a CMKLR1 ligand that mediates the chemerin-CMKLR1 interaction and suppresses pulpal inflammation. The present study clarified the intracellular and tissue localization of CD44 and CMKLR1 by immunohistochemical staining of normal pulp and pulp with pulpitis from 12-week-old male Wistar rat teeth or human teeth. In addition, the localization of CD44 and CMKLR1 in human dental pulp stem cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The present study also examined the involvement of resolvin E1 in inhibiting inflammation and calcification by western blotting. CD44- and CMKLR1-positive cells were confirmed in the odontoblast layer in normal dental pulp of rats and humans. CD44 was mainly localized in the cell membrane and CMKLR1 was mainly found in the cytoplasm of human dental pulp stem cells. CMKLR1 was also confirmed in the odontoblast layer in rats and humans with pulpitis but CD44 was not present. Following treatment of dental pulp stem cells with lipoteichoic acid, which imitates Gram-positive bacterial infection, resolvin E1 did not suppress the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 or of the odontoblast differentiation marker, dentin sialophosphoprotein. Furthermore, resolvin E1 induced the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into odontoblasts even in the presence of the inflammatory stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yokokawa
- Department of Endodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Naoki Umemura
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Yuka Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
- Department of Chemistry Laboratory, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawano
- Department of Endodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
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2
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Liu Z, Hou P, Fang J, Shao C, Shi Y, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. Hyaluronic acid metabolism and chemotherapy resistance: recent advances and therapeutic potential. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37953485 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix, providing essential mechanical scaffolding for cells and, at the same time, mediating essential biochemical signals required for tissue homeostasis. Many solid tumors are characterized by dysregulated HA metabolism, resulting in increased HA levels in cancer tissues. HA interacts with several cell surface receptors, such as cluster of differentiation 44 and receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility, thus co-regulating important signaling pathways in cancer development and progression. In this review, we describe the enzymes controlling HA metabolism and its intracellular effectors emphasizing their impact on cancer chemotherapy resistance. We will also explore the current and future prospects of HA-based therapy, highlighting the opportunities and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhong Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Pengbo Hou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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3
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Espejo-Román JM, Rubio-Ruiz B, Cano-Cortés V, Cruz-López O, Gonzalez-Resines S, Domene C, Conejo-García A, Sánchez-Martín RM. Selective Anticancer Therapy Based on a HA-CD44 Interaction Inhibitor Loaded on Polymeric Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040788. [PMID: 35456622 PMCID: PMC9032636 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), through its interactions with the cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), acts as a potent modulator of the tumor microenvironment, creating a wide range of extracellular stimuli for tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. An innovative antitumor treatment strategy based on the development of a nanodevice for selective release of an inhibitor of the HA-CD44 interaction is presented. Computational analysis was performed to evaluate the interaction of the designed tetrahydroisoquinoline-ketone derivative (JE22) with CD44 binding site. Cell viability, efficiency, and selectivity of drug release under acidic conditions together with CD44 binding capacity, effect on cell migration, and apoptotic activity were successfully evaluated. Remarkably, the conjugation of this CD44 inhibitor to the nanodevice generated a reduction of the dosis required to achieve a significant therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Espejo-Román
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.E.-R.); (B.R.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (O.C.-L.)
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avda. Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid, 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Belén Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.E.-R.); (B.R.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (O.C.-L.)
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avda. Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid, 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Victoria Cano-Cortés
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.E.-R.); (B.R.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (O.C.-L.)
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avda. Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid, 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Cruz-López
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.E.-R.); (B.R.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (O.C.-L.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid, 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Saúl Gonzalez-Resines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AX, UK; (S.G.-R.); (C.D.)
| | - Carmen Domene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AX, UK; (S.G.-R.); (C.D.)
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ana Conejo-García
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.E.-R.); (B.R.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (O.C.-L.)
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid, 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-G.); (R.M.S.-M.)
| | - Rosario M. Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.E.-R.); (B.R.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (O.C.-L.)
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avda. Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid, 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-G.); (R.M.S.-M.)
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Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is emerging as a major threat to the global swine industry. Clinical PEDV infection is associated with severe intestinal lesions, resulting in absorptive dysfunction and high mortality rates in suckling piglets. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of intestinal tissue, providing a structural framework and conveying tissue-specific signals to nearby enterocytes. In this study, we investigated the extensive ECM remodeling observed in intestinal epithelial cells infected with PEDV and elucidated the associated activated ECM receptor-related pathways. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed two significantly differentially expressed genes (cluster of differentiation 44 [CD44] and serpin family E member 1 [SERPINE1]) associated with the ECM. At the transcriptional level, both genes exhibited significant positive correlation with the extent of PEDV replication. Similarly, the expression of CD44 and PAI-1 (encoded by SERPINE1) was also increased in the intestines of piglets during viral infection. Furthermore, CD44 exhibited antiviral activity by enhancing the expression of antiviral cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-6, IL-18, IL-11, and antimicrobial peptide beta-defensin 1) by activating nuclear factor-κB signaling. Conversely, PAI-1 was found to promote the release of progeny virions during PEDV infection, despite a decreased intracellular viral load. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Taken together, our results highlighted the biological roles of specific ECM-regulated genes, i.e., CD44 and SERPINE1 in suppressing and promoting PEDV infection, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the role of the ECM in intestinal infections and identifying potential therapeutic targets for PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianda Li
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Wang
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qingxin Wu
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, PR China
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5
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Shao Z, Wang Z, Shao L, Jin X. Correlation between rs13347 polymorphism of CD44 gene and the risk of occurring breast cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25889. [PMID: 34087833 PMCID: PMC8183762 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the attention paid to the heritability of breast cancer, the search for the genetic susceptibility gene of breast cancer has become a hot spot. At present, a number of studies have explored the relationship between rs13347 polymorphism of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) gene and breast cancer, but the research conclusions are inconsistent. Therefore, we will use this meta-analysis to explore the role of this gene polymorphism in breast cancer susceptibility. METHODS The search time is set from the establishment of the database in March 2021 in this study. The search database include China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP Information Chinese Journal Service Platform, and China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. The subjects are observational studies on the relationship between rs13347 polymorphism of CD44 gene and breast cancer (including case-control study, cross-sectional study and a cohort study). The language is limited to English and Chinese. The data of the included study are extracted and the literature quality is evaluated by two researchers independently. The data are statistically analyzed by Stata 16.0 software. RESULTS Based on the existing studies, this study will systematically evaluate the relationship between CD44 gene rs13347 polymorphism and breast cancer. CONCLUSION This study will provide evidence-based medical evidence to clarify the role of CD44 gene polymorphism in breast cancer, and provide help for the early detection and preventive intervention of breast cancer. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval will not be required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WBC7F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Shao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taikang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Liwei Shao
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
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6
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Elesh IF, Marey MA, Zinnah MA, Akthar I, Kawai T, Naim F, Goda W, Rawash ARA, Sasaki M, Shimada M, Miyamoto A. Peptidoglycan Switches Off the TLR2-Mediated Sperm Recognition and Triggers Sperm Localization in the Bovine Endometrium. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619408. [PMID: 33643300 PMCID: PMC7905083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the uterine mucosal immune system simultaneously recognizes and reacts to most bacteria as well as allogenic sperm mainly through the Toll-like receptors (TLR)2/4 signaling pathway. Here, we characterized the impact of pathogen-derived TLR2/4 ligands (peptidoglycan (PGN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) on the immune crosstalk of sperm with the bovine endometrial epithelium. The real-time PCR analysis showed that the presence of low levels of PGN, but not LPS, blocked the sperm-induced inflammatory responses in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) in vitro. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that PGN prevented the sperm-induced phosphorylation of JNK in BEECs. Activation or blockade of the TLR2 system in the endometrial epithelium verified that TLR2 signaling acts as a commonly-shared pathway for PGN and sperm recognition. The impairment of endometrial sperm recognition, induced by PGN, subsequently inhibited sperm phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Moreover, using an ex vivo endometrial explant that more closely resembles those in vivo conditions, showed that sperm provoked a mild and reversible endometrial tissue injury and triggered PMN recruitment into uterine glands, while PGN inhibited these events. Of note, PGN markedly increased the sperm attachment to uterine glands, and relatively so in the surface epithelium. However, addition of the anti-CD44 antibody into a PGN-sperm-explant co-culture completely blocked sperm attachment into glands and surface epithelia, indicating that the CD44 adhesion molecule is involved in the PGN-triggered sperm attachment to the endometrial epithelium. Together, these findings demonstrate that, the presence of PGN residues disrupts sperm immune recognition and prevents the physiological inflammation induced by sperm in the endometrial epithelium via the MyD88-dependent pathway of TLR2 signaling, possibly leading to impairment of uterine clearance and subsequent embryo receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Fouad Elesh
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Marey
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ali Zinnah
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Ihshan Akthar
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawai
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Fayrouz Naim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wael Goda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Abdel Rahman A Rawash
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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7
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Covert H, Mellor LF, Wolf CL, Ankenbrandt N, Emathinger JM, Tawara K, Oxford JT, Jorcyk CL. OSM-induced CD44 contributes to breast cancer metastatic potential through cell detachment but not epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7721-7737. [PMID: 31496817 PMCID: PMC6700398 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s208721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hormone receptor status in human breast cancer cells is a strong indicator of the aggressiveness of a tumor. Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are aggressive, difficult to treat, and contribute to high incidences of metastasis by possessing characteristics such as increased tumor cell migration and a large presence of the transmembrane protein, cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) on the cell membrane. Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) cells are less aggressive and do not migrate until undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods The relationship between EMT and CD44 during metastatic events is assessed by observing changes in EMT markers, tumor cell detachment, and migration following cytokine treatment on both parental and CD44 knockdown human breast tumor cells. Results ER+ T47D and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells treated with OSM demonstrate increased CD44 expression and CD44 cleavage. Conversely, ER- MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells do not show a change in CD44 expression nor undergo EMT in the presence of OSM. In ER+ cells, knockdown expression of CD44 by shRNA did not prevent EMT but did change metastatic processes such as cellular detachment and migration. OSM-induced migration was decreased in both ER+ and ER- cells with shCD44 cells compared to control cells, while the promotion of tumor cell detachment by OSM was decreased in ER+ MCF7-shCD44 cells, as compared to control cells. Interestingly, OSM-induced detachment in ER- MDA-MB-231-shCD44 cells that normally don't detach at significant rates. Conclusion OSM promotes both EMT and tumor cell detachment in ER+ breast cancer cells. Yet, CD44 knockdown did not affect OSM-induced EMT in these cells, while independently decreasing OSM-induced cell detachment. These results suggest that regulation of CD44 by OSM is important for at least part of the metastatic cascade in ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Covert
- Boise State University, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Liliana F Mellor
- Boise State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boise, ID 83725, USA.,Oncología Molecular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Cody L Wolf
- Boise State University, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Nicole Ankenbrandt
- Boise State University, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | | | - Ken Tawara
- Boise State University, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Julie Thom Oxford
- Boise State University, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise, ID 83725, USA.,Boise State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Cheryl L Jorcyk
- Boise State University, Biomolecular Sciences Program, Boise, ID 83725, USA.,Boise State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Boise, ID 83725, USA
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8
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Feng C, Zhu D, Chen L, Lu Y, Liu J, Kim NY, Liang S, Zhang X, Lin Y, Ma Y, Dong C. Targeted Delivery of Chlorin e6 via Redox Sensitive Diselenide-Containing Micelles for Improved Photodynamic Therapy in Cluster of Differentiation 44-Overexpressing Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:369. [PMID: 31057402 PMCID: PMC6477080 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The off-target activation of photosensitizers is one of the most well-known obstacles to effective photodynamic therapy (PDT). The selected activation of photosensitizers in cancer cells is highly desired to overcome this problem. We developed a strategy that enabled diselenide bonds to link hyaluronic acid (HA) and photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) to assemble the micelles (HA-sese-Ce6 NPs) that can target cancer and achieve a redox responsive release of drugs to enhance the PDT efficiency in breast cancer. The HA was used to form a hydrophilic shell that can target cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) on the cancer cells. The selenium-containing core is easily dissembled in a redox environment to release Ce6. The triggered release of Ce6 in a redox condition and the positive feedback release by activated Ce6 were observed in vitro. In cytotoxicity assays and in vitro cellular uptake assays, the increased PDT efficiency and targeted internalization of HA-sese-Ce6 NPs in the cells were verified, compared to a free Ce6 treated group. Similar results were showed in the therapeutic study and in vivo fluorescence imaging in an orthotopic mammary fat pad tumor model. In addition, a significant inhibition of metastasis was found after the HA-sese-Ce6 NPs treatment. In general, this study promises an ingenious and easy strategy for improved PDT efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Feng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglei Zhu
- Cancer Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lv Chen
- Cancer Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonglin Lu
- Cancer Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Cancer Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Yoon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shujing Liang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Lin
- Cancer Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabin Ma
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Dong
- Cancer Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Wei J, Sun J, Liu Y. Enhanced targeting of prostate cancer-initiating cells by salinomycin-encapsulated lipid-PLGA nanoparticles linked with CD44 antibodies. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4024-4033. [PMID: 30930999 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-associated mortality in males worldwide. The survival of prostate cancer-initiating cells (CICs) is an important factor behind the metastasis and recurrence of prostate cancer. The cluster of differentiation (CD) 44 antigen is considered an important marker for prostate CICs. Salinomycin is a potent therapeutic drug against CICs. The present study demonstrated that salinomycin exerts potent activity against CD44+ prostate CICs. To further enhance this anticancer effect, salinomycin-encapsulated lipid-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles linked with CD44 antibodies (SM-LPN-CD44) were generated. The anticancer effect of the nanoparticles was investigated in a series of assays, including a cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry and anticancer assay in prostate cancer-bearing mice in vivo. The results revealed that SM-LPN-CD44 could efficiently and specifically promote the delivery of salinomycin to CD44+ prostate CICs, and there by achieve greater inhibition of the cells compared with that achieved by salinomycin and non-targeted nanoparticles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report improved therapeutic effects against prostate CICs achieved by the enhancement of targeted drug delivery via nanoparticles conjugated with CD44 antibodies. Therefore, SM-LPN-CD44 nanoparticle-based therapy represents a novel approach to eliminate prostate CICs and is a promising potential treatment strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Department of Urology, Hanyang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Urology, Hanyang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
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10
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Ssadh HA, Abdulmonem WA. Immunophenotyping of the cluster of differentiation 74, migration inhibitory factor, and cluster of differentiation 44 expression on human breast cancer-derived cell lines. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2019; 13:17-24. [PMID: 30983941 PMCID: PMC6436447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cluster of differentiation (CD) 74, CD44, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are well known for their immunological functions; however, it has been shown that recently, CD74, CD44, and MIF have a role in tumor and tumor progression. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of CD74, MIF, and CD44 in breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of CD74, MIF, and CD44 molecules on the breast cancer-derived cell lines CAMA-1, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)-MB-231, and MDA-MB-43 was determined by flow cytometry, western immunoblotting, and confocal microscope. To validate the study the studying expression of CD74, MIF, and CD44 on the normal breast cell line 266LDM, whole cell lysate obtained from adult normal breast tissue and normal breast tissue. RESULTS The results show that all breast cancer cells overexpress CD74 isoforms, MIF, and CD44, in contrast to the normal cell lines and normal breast tissues, which express only CD44 and MIF in low levels. The expression of CD74, MIF, and CD44 was studied in the immortalized normal breast luminal cell line 226LDM, normal breast tissues, and lysate to validate the study. CONCLUSION The data show, in this study, the evidence that breast cancer cell lines expressing three different isoforms of CD74. The results of the present study indicate a crucial role of CD74 in breast cancer cells along with MIF and CD44. The results also suggest that CAMA-1, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435 cells are poorly immunogenic, expressing low levels of HLA-A, B, and C and HLA-DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Al Ssadh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom,Clinical Laboratory Science, Inaya Medical College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Waleed Al Abdulmonem, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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11
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Tamatani T, Takamaru N, Ohe G, Akita K, Nakagawa T, Miyamoto Y. Expression of CD44, CD44v9, ABCG2, CD24, Bmi-1 and ALDH1 in stage I and II oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with clinicopathological factors. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1133-1140. [PMID: 29963189 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit self-replication, self-differentiation, drug resistance and immune evasion activities. In recent years CSCs have become increasingly important for the treatment of malignant tumors. CSCs express specific markers, including cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9), ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2), CD24, B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI-1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1). However, the prognostic value of their expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are not well known. The present study evaluated these markers in stage I and II patients with OSCC and examined the association between T classification, histological differentiation, classification of invasion mode, lymph node metastasis and disease-free survival rate. Tissue specimens were obtained from 70 patients with stage I or II OSCC following either surgery or biopsy. Immunohistochemistry was performed and positive staining was defiend as 10% positive cells. CD44 and CD44v9 expressions were strongly detected in all OSCC tissues compared with normal epithelial cells. A total of 22 (31.4%) cases expressed ABCG2 and there was a significant association between ABCG2 expression and invasion. A total of 41 cases (59.0%) expressed CD24 and there was a significant association between CD24 expression and invasion. A total of 33 cases (47.1%) expressed BMI-1 and there was a significant association between BMI-1 expression and the disease-free survival rate. A total of 18 cases (25.7%) expressed ALDH1. Although there was no association between ALDH1 expression and T classification, there were significant associations between ALDH1 expression and histological differentiation, invasion mode, metastasis and the disease-free survival rate. Multivariate analysis revealed that ALDH1 expression was the only prognostic factor for disease-free survival rate. The results of the present study suggest that the positivity of ALDH1 detected in patients with OSCC correlates with the number of cells undergoing epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastasis. These findings indicated that the expression of ALDH1 may be an effective prognostic marker indicating the survival of patients with stage I and II OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tamatani
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Natsumi Takamaru
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Go Ohe
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Youji Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
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12
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Ma C, Zhao JZ, Lin RT, Zhou L, Chen YN, Yu LJ, Shi TY, Wang M, Liu MM, Liu YR, Zhang T. Combined overexpression of cadherin 6, cadherin 11 and cluster of differentiation 44 is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9498-9506. [PMID: 29805672 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly invasive lesion that frequently metastasizes to the cervical lymph nodes and is associated with a poor prognosis. Several adhesion factors, including cadherin 6 (CDH6), cadherin 11 (CDH11) and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), have been reported to be involved in the invasion and metastasis of multiple types of cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the expression of CDH6, CDH11 and CD44 in tumor tissues from patients with OSCC, and whether this was associated with the metastasis and survival of OSCC. The mRNA expression of the human tumor metastasis-related cytokines was examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in OSCC tumors with or without lymph node metastasis (n=10/group). The expression of CDH6, CDH11 and CD44 in 101 OSCC and 10 normal oral mucosa samples was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The association between overall and disease-specific survival times of patients with OSCC and the expression of these three proteins was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. RT-qPCR results indicated that the mRNA expression of CDH6, CDH11 and CD44 was increased in OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis (2.93-, 2.01- and 1.92-fold; P<0.05). Overexpression of CDH6, CDH11 and CD44 was observed in 31/35 (89%), 25/35 (71%) and 31/35 (89%) patients, respectively. The number of OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis exhibiting CDH6, CDH11 and CD44 overexpression was significantly higher than the number of patients without lymph node metastasis exhibiting overexpression of these proteins (P=0.017, P=0.038 and P=0.007, respectively). OSCC patients with high co-expression of CDH6, CDH11 and CD44 exhibited lower disease-specific survival times (P=0.047; χ2=3.933) when compared with OSCC patients with low co-expression of these adhesion factors. CDH6, CDH11 and CD44 serve important roles in OSCC metastasis and the combined use of these factors as biomarkers may improve the accuracy of the prediction of cancer metastases and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Zhi Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Run-Tai Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Ning Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jiang Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Yin Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Mu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Man-Man Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Ran Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Yang SF, Ma R, Pan LL, Cao J, Sheng N. RKIP and peroxiredoxin 2 expression predicts the proliferative potential of gastric cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3173-3177. [PMID: 29435053 PMCID: PMC5778773 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is associated with a high mortality rate, with the development of gastric cancer stem cells underlying this. Gastric cancer stem cells are responsible for tumor initiation, progression and recurrence. However, the link between gastric cancer and gastric cancer stem cells remains to be fully understood. Murine models mimic a human microenvironment more accurately than in vitro studies and are useful models for understanding the behavior of different markers. The present study compared the expression of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a stem cell marker, with the expression of other cancer-associated markers, including Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) and peroxiredoxin 2, in different pathological conditions of gastric cancer development using histological, immunohistological and western blot analyses. Initially, the murine model of gastric cancer was established using N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, a chemical carcinogen. Following initiation of cancer, immunohistochemistry was used to compare the expression of CD44, RKIP and peroxiredoxin 2 at different stages of cancer development. The results suggested CD44 and peroxiredoxin 2 expression was upregulated as the tumor progressed. However, expression of RKIP, a metastasis suppressor, was elevated in the initial stage of gastric cancer and suppressed during the aggressive stages. In agreement with previous data suggesting higher expressions of RKIP in the initial stages of cancer and its downregulation in the advanced stage, the results of the present study revealed that RKIP exhibited a negative effect on initial tumor development, and that the downregulation of RKIP in the advanced stages of cancer facilitated CD44 and peroxiredoxin 2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Feng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Ran Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Nan Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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14
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Hu B, Ma Y, Yang Y, Zhang L, Han H, Chen J. CD44 promotes cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5627-5633. [PMID: 29552200 PMCID: PMC5840516 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a marker for cancer stem cells, has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its involvement in tumor growth has not fully been elucidated. The present study explored the associations between CD44 expression and clinicopathological features using immunohistochemistry in 94 NSCLC cases, as well as proliferation in cells with aberrant expression of this protein. Overexpression of CD44 was achieved by transfecting H1299 cells with CD44 expression vectors, and inhibition of CD44 expression was performed by transfecting small interfering RNAs into A549 cells. Cell proliferation was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flat plate colony formation assay was performed to confirm the cellular anchorage growth in vitro. In total, 64 (68.1%) of the 94 NSCLC cases stained positive for CD44 expression. High expression of CD44 was associated with advanced T stage in NSCLC. Overexpression of CD44 in H1299 cells promoted cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. Meanwhile, knockdown of CD44 expression in A549 cells suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. High expression of CD44 may promote NSCLC progression by increasing cancer cell proliferation; therefore, it may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis or target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Han
- Department of Biobank, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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15
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Proteoglycans (PGs), besides their structural contribution, have emerged as dynamic components that mediate a multitude of cellular events. The various roles of PGs are attributed to their structure, spatial localization, and ability to act as ligands and receptors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small mediators that are generated in physiological and pathological conditions. Besides their reactivity and ability to induce oxidative stress, a growing body of data suggests that ROS signaling is more relevant than direct radical damage in development of human pathologies. Recent Advances: Cell surface transmembrane PGs (syndecans, cluster of differentiation 44) represent receptors in diverse and complex transduction networks, which involve redox signaling with implications in cancer, fibrosis, renal dysfunction, or Alzheimer's disease. Through NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent ROS, the extracellular PG, hyaluronan is involved in osteoclastogenesis and cancer. The ROS sources, NOX1 and NOX4, increase biglycan-induced inflammation, while NOX2 is a negative regulator. CRITICAL ISSUES The complexity of the mechanisms that bring ROS into the light of PG biology might be the foundation of a new research area with significant promise for understanding health and disease. Important aspects need to be investigated in PG/ROS signaling: the discovery of specific targets of ROS, the precise ROS-induced chemical modifications of these targets, and the study of their pathological relevance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As we become more and more aware of the interactions between PG and ROS signaling underlying intracellular communication and cell fate decisions, it is quite conceivable that this field will allow to identify new therapeutic targets.-Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 855-873.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina-Viviana Nastase
- 1 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität , Frankfurt am Main, Germany .,2 National Institute for Chemical-Pharmaceutical Research and Development , Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrea Janicova
- 1 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University , Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- 1 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Shen C, Ye B, Hu H, Nie C, Ma Y, Lv J, Wu H, Xiang M. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference inhibits the tumorigenicity of cluster of differentiation 44+ tumor cells in hypopharyngeal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5354-5360. [PMID: 29113169 PMCID: PMC5652143 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether the inhibition of cluster of differentiation (CD)44 expression reduces the tumorigenicity of CD44+ cancer stem cells in hypopharyngeal cancer. To assess this, effective recombinant CD44 short hairpin RNA-expressing lentiviruses were produced. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) was then used to knockdown CD44 gene expression in the hypopharyngeal cancer FaDu cell line. The viability of FaDu cells in the two control groups and the RNAi group (RNAi-CD44 lentiviral vector) was detected using an MTT assay in vitro. Cells from each group were injected into non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice and their tumorigenicity determined in vivo. Following lentivirus-mediated RNAi, an MTT assay indicated that cells from the RNAi group exhibited lower viability than the control group. The in vivo tumorigenicity study further revealed a significant difference in tumorigenic rates between the RNAi group and the control group (Fisher's exact test, P<0.05). In addition, tumors in the RNAi group of animals had a longer incubation period than those in the control groups, and the mean tumor volume was also significantly smaller (t=3.47, P<0.05). Pathological study confirmed that all tumors were poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas with cellular heterogeneity. The viability of the hypopharyngeal cancer FaDu cells in vitro and their tumorigenicity in vivo were markedly inhibited once CD44 was knocked down. The results of the present study therefore suggest that CD44 may confer tumorigenic characteristics upon CD44+ cancer stem cells in hypopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenling Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chen Nie
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jingrong Lv
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Ishige N. Hepatocyte selection medium-enriched hepatocellular carcinoma cells are positive for α-fetoprotein and CD44. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:899-902. [PMID: 28693249 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues surrounding hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) lack glucose. Hepatocyte selection medium (HSM) is deficient in glucose and is supplemented with galactose. HCC cells were cultured in HSM to investigate the stem cell markers α-fetoprotein (AFP) and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). HCC cells (HLF and PLC/PRF/5 cells) were cultured in HSM. Viable cell numbers were determined on days 0 and 7 following culture in HSM. RNA was isolated and subjected to reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to analyze the mRNA expression levels of AFP and CD44. Immunostaining was performed to analyze the protein levels of AFP and CD44. The number of viable cells was significantly decreased on day 7 following culture in HSM. The expression levels of AFP and CD44 increased on day 7 as assessed using RT-qPCR. Immunostaining confirmed the results of RT-qPCR analysis. The number of viable HCC cells was decreased in HSM, whereas the expression levels of AFP and CD44 increased. Therefore, HSM is potentially useful for the enrichment of HCC cells with cancer stem cell characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Shinozaki
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Motoyoshi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishige
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
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Iseki Y, Shibutani M, Maeda K, Nagahara H, Ikeya T, Hirakawa K. Significance of E-cadherin and CD44 expression in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1025-1034. [PMID: 28693269 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of adhesion molecules is reported to be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis in numerous types of cancer. Epithelial (E)-cadherin is an important molecule for cell-to-cell adhesion, while cluster of differentiation (CD)44 is an important molecule for cell-to-extracellular matrix adhesion. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the significance of the expression of E-cadherin and CD44 in patients with the unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who are undergoing palliative chemotherapy. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were obtained from 49 patients who underwent primary tumor resection and who were receiving palliative chemotherapy for unresectable metastatic CRC. The expression of E-cadherin and CD44 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The expression of E-cadherin was not significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS; P=0.2825) or overall survival (OS; P=0.6617). The expression of CD44 was not associated with PFS (P=0.4365), but it did exhibit a certain level of association with OS (P=0.0699). However, the combined low expression of E-cadherin and CD44 demonstrated a significant association with decreased PFS (P=0.0101) and OS (P=0.0009). The combined loss of E-cadherin and CD44 expression also led to a reduction in the objective response rate and disease control rate (P=0.0076 and P=0.0294, respectively). A univariate analysis indicated that the combined low expression of E-cadherin and CD44 (P=0.0474) and sex (P=0.0330) were significantly associated with decreased PFS, and multivariate analysis confirmed combined low expression of E-cadherin and CD44 as an independent risk factor for decreased PFS [hazard ratio (HR), 8.276; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.383-43.311; P=0.0227]. Univariate and multivariate analyses also indicated that the combined low expression of E-cadherin and CD44 expression was a significant prognostic factor for poor OS (HR, 15.118; 95% CI, 2.645-77.490; P=0.0039). Therefore the current study suggests that the combined low expression of E-cadherin and CD44 is an effective independent predictor of decreased chemotherapeutic outcome and survival in patients with unresectable metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Iseki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masatsune Shibutani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hisashi Nagahara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ikeya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Liang G, Li S, Du W, Ke Q, Cai J, Yang J. Hypoxia regulates CD44 expression via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:967-972. [PMID: 28356986 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induces proliferation and invasion in cancer cells via hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. The cell adhesion molecule cluster of differentiation (CD) 44 has been associated with increased cell invasion and metastasis. Whether hypoxia regulates the expression of CD44 in gastric cancer cells remains to be established. In the current study, the effects of hypoxia on HIF-1α and CD44 expression levels in human gastric cell lines SGC-7901 and BGC-823 were evaluated. The cells were cultured in 1% O2 for 1 week and then treated with 20 nM rapamycin for 72 h. Cell viability was evaluated using the Cell Counting kit-8 assay, and cell invasion was detected by the Transwell invasion assay. The protein and messenger (m) RNA expression levels of HIF-1α and CD44 were detected using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The results revealed that cell viability and invasion increased under hypoxic conditions, but decreased following rapamycin treatment in SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells. Hypoxia also increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α and CD44 in these two cell lines. However, this hypoxia-induced increase in HIF-1α and CD44 protein and mRNA expression levels was inhibited by rapamycin. These findings suggest that hypoxia induced the proliferation and invasion of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells. Furthermore, CD44 expression levels were potentially associated with HIF-1α expression levels. Therefore, in gastric cancer cells, hypoxia may regulate CD44 expression via HIF-1α in order to promote cell proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai Liang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Ke
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
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Watanabe T, Okumura T, Hirano K, Yamaguchi T, Sekine S, Nagata T, Tsukada K. Circulating tumor cells expressing cancer stem cell marker CD44 as a diagnostic biomarker in patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:281-288. [PMID: 28123556 PMCID: PMC5244869 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a marker for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in various types of cancer, while cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a marker for gastric cancer (GC) stem cells. To evaluate the clinical significance of CD44+ CTCs in patients with GC in the present study, the number of EpCAM+CD44+ and EpCAM+CD44- cells were detected in the peripheral blood of 26 GC patients and 12 healthy volunteers using flow cytometry. The number (mean ± standard deviation) of EpCAM+CD44+ cells in the GC patients and healthy volunteers was 69.9±52.0 and 0.91±2.10, respectively (P=0.0001), while that of EpCAM+CD44- cells was 59.1±88.0 and 9.83±9.91, respectively (P=0.0313). The sensitivity and specificity of EpCAM+CD44+ cell detection for the identification of GC patients were 92.3 and 100%, respectively. By contrast, the values of EpCAM+CD44- cell detection were 76.9 and 83.3%, respectively. The number of EpCAM+CD44+ cells in the GC patients was correlated with the disease stage (P=0.0423), the depth of the tumor (P=0.0314) and venous invasion (P=0.0184) in the resected tumor specimens, while the number of EpCAM+CD44- cells did not correlate with any clinicopathological factors. The number of EpCAM+CD44+ cells significantly decreased following surgical resection of the tumor or induction of systemic chemotherapy. Additionally, atypical cells with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio were morphologically detected in the sorted EpCAM+CD44+ cells. These results suggested that CD44+ CTCs, but not CD44- CTCs, reflect the malignant status of the primary tumor in patients with GC, providing a candidate biomarker for diagnosis and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Watanabe
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okumura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Hirano
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sekine
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuya Nagata
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsukada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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21
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Lee CL, Huang CJ, Yang SH, Chang CC, Huang CC, Chien CC, Yang RN. Discovery of genes from feces correlated with colorectal cancer progression. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3378-3384. [PMID: 27900008 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered to develop slowly via a progressive accumulation of genetic mutations. Markers of CRC may serve to provide the basis for decision-making, and may assist in cancer prevention, detection and prognostic prediction. DNA and messenger (m)RNA molecules that are present in human feces faithfully represent CRC manifestations. In the present study, exogenous mouse cells verified the feasibility of total fecal RNA as a marker of CRC. Furthermore, five significant genes encoding solute carrier family 15, member 4 (SLC15A4), cluster of differentiation (CD)44, 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1), placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) and growth arrest-specific 2 (GAS2), which are differentially expressed in the feces of CRC patients, were verified in different CRC cell lines using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The present study demonstrated that the mRNA level of SLC15A4 was increased in the majority of CRC cell lines evaluated (SW1116, LS123, Caco-2 and T84). An increased level of CD44 mRNA was only detected in an early-stage CRC cell line, SW1116, whereas OXCT1 was expressed at higher levels in the metastatic CRC cell line CC-M3. In addition, two genes, PLAC8 and GAS2, were highly expressed in the recurrent CRC cell line SW620. Genes identified in the feces of CRC patients differed according to their clinical characteristics, and this differential expression was also detected in the corresponding CRC cell lines. In conclusion, feces represent a good marker of CRC and can be interpreted through the appropriate CRC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Long Lee
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Jung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of General Surgery, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Cheng Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Anesthesiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ruey-Neng Yang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Internal Medicine, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Shi J, Wei PK. Low-dose interleukin-8 induces the adhesion, migration and invasion of the gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell line. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2871-2877. [PMID: 26722255 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), an important inflammatory cytokine, is strongly associated with gastric cancer development and metastasis. High-dose (>1 ng/ml) IL-8 has been revealed to promote the adhesion, migration and invasion of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, the IL-8 level produced by gastric cells is marginal, at even less than 1 ng/ml. It is unclear whether low-dose IL-8 also induces these capacities. In the present study, the effect of low-dose IL-8 on the adhesion, migration and invasion of the SGC-7901 cell line and the underlying molecular mechanism with regard to cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) were investigated. The SGC-7901 cells were exposed to various concentrations of IL-8 (0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 ng/ml) in vitro. The adhesion of the SGC-7901 cells to fibronectin, an extracellular matrix component, was then detected by cell counting kit 8 assay. Migration and invasion abilities were evaluated by wound scratch and Transwell chamber assays. In addition, protein and mRNA levels of CD44 were measured using immunofluorescence and western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in cells cultured for 72 h. Following the exposure of the SGC-7901 cells to the various low doses of IL-8, the cell adhesion, migration and invasion capacities were promoted by IL-8, but not in a significant dose-dependent manner. Low-dose IL-8 upregulated the protein and mRNA expression of CD44. In conclusion, low-dose IL-8 potently induces the adhesion, migration and invasion of SGC-7901 cells, and the regulation of CD44 expression is one of the potential molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Pin-Kang Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Li L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li C. MC3 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line enriched cancer stem-like cells following chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1569-1575. [PMID: 24765178 PMCID: PMC3997737 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is common in human salivary glands. Surgery is the preferred treatment method for MEC and chemotherapy is often administered following surgery as an adjuvant cancer treatment; however, chemotherapy does not completely prevent tumor recurrence. Emerging evidence has indicated the existence of cancer stem-like (CSL)-cells in tumors. CSL-cells are important in the development, invasion and drug resistance of carcinomas. The present study aimed to investigate whether chemotherapy enriched the CSL-cells in the MEC cell line of MC3 using 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). The MC3 cells were treated with 5-Fu, which enhanced the spherogenesis and vitality of the cells and upregulated the pluripotency gene, octamer-binding transcription factor 4. Side population analysis demonstrated that the proportion of CSL-cells also increased. These findings showed that compared with other types of cancer cells, chemotherapy was unable to effectively kill the CSL-cells resulting in an enriched CSL-cell subpopulation with a higher resistance to chemotherapy, which may have been key the recurrence of MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louqiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China ; Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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24
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Abstract
The main function of skeletal system is to support the body and help movement. A variety of factors can lead to skeletal system disease, including age, exercise, and of course genetic makeup and expression. Pre-mRNA splicing plays a crucial role in gene expression, by creating multiple protein variants with different biological functions. The recent studies show that several skeletal system diseases are related to pre-mRNA splicing. This review focuses on the relationship between pre-mRNA splicing and skeletal system disease. On the one hand, splice site mutation that leads to aberrant splicing often causes genetic skeletal system disease, like COL1A1, SEDL and LRP5. On the other hand, alternative splicing without genomic mutation may generate some marker protein isoforms, for example, FN, VEGF and CD44. Therefore, understanding the relationship between pre-mRNA splicing and skeletal system disease will aid in uncovering the mechanism of disease and contribute to the future development of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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