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Yu C, Liu X, Ma B, Xu J, Chen Y, Dai C, Peng H, Zha D. Novel anti-neuroinflammatory pyranone-carbamate derivatives as selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for treating Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2313682. [PMID: 38362862 PMCID: PMC10878344 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2313682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and neuroinflammation have recently emerged as promising therapeutic directions for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we synthesised 19 novel pyranone-carbamate derivatives and evaluated their activities against cholinesterases and neuroinflammation. The optimal compound 7p exhibited balanced BuChE inhibitory activity (eqBuChE IC50 = 4.68 nM; huBuChE IC50 = 9.12 nM) and anti-neuroinflammatory activity (NO inhibition = 28.82% at 10 μM, comparable to hydrocortisone). Enzyme kinetic and docking studies confirmed compound 7p was a mix-type BuChE inhibitor. Additionally, compound 7p displayed favourable drug-likeness properties in silico prediction, and exhibited high BBB permeability in the PAMPA-BBB assay. Compound 7p had good safety in vivo as verified by an acute toxicity assay (LD50 > 1000 mg/kg). Most importantly, compound 7p effectively mitigated cognitive and memory impairments in the scopolamine-induced mouse model, showing comparable effects to Rivastigmine. Therefore, we envisioned that compound 7p could serve as a promising lead compound for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bingxiang Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiexin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yiquan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chaoxian Dai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huaping Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Daijun Zha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Oudrhiri MY, Teranishi A, Gotan S, Nishi H, Kobayashi H, Yahagi N, Suzuki K, Ooigawa H, Kurita H. Another cause of treatable dementia: rapid cognitive improvement after carotid endarterectomy. Illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2024; 7:CASE23678. [PMID: 38346302 PMCID: PMC10865465 DOI: 10.3171/case23678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Revascularization techniques in cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis are indicated to prevent the onset or recurrence of ischemic events in the setting of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease. Recent reports, case series, and comparative studies have suggested that revascularization techniques may also improve cognitive outcome in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, thus raising the question of whether another surgically treatable dementia has presented itself. OBSERVATIONS A 70-year-old right-handed female with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and bilateral silent cerebral infarcts was evaluated for progressive cognitive impairment over a 1-year period, which was associated with a severe left cervical ICA stenosis. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) was indicated as a revascularization technique, and the patient showed significant neurocognitive improvement as early as one month postoperatively, consistent with blood flow restoration to the left hemisphere on control imaging. LESSONS This case serves as a reminder that CEA may improve the cognitive outcome of patients previously impaired by uncomplicated severe cervical ICA atherosclerotic disease, which can be another cause of treatable dementia. Further prospective studies may help to assess this potential benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Yassaad Oudrhiri
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Prefecture, Japan; and
| | - Akio Teranishi
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Prefecture, Japan; and
| | - Soshi Gotan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Prefecture, Japan; and
| | - Hideo Nishi
- Chichibu Neurosurgical Clinic, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Prefecture, Japan; and
| | - Noriyuki Yahagi
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Prefecture, Japan; and
| | - Kaima Suzuki
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Prefecture, Japan; and
| | - Hidetoshi Ooigawa
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Prefecture, Japan; and
| | - Hiroki Kurita
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama Prefecture, Japan; and
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Feng Z, Hu Z, Li L, Yu M, Zhang Y, Jing P, Xu X, Wu J, Hu Y, Xu X. Assessing NH300094, a novel dopamine and serotonin receptor modulator with cognitive enhancement property for treating schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1298061. [PMID: 38327987 PMCID: PMC10848157 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1298061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder that significantly affects the quality of life of patients. The objective of this study is to discover a novel antipsychotic candidate with highly antagonistic activity against both serotonin and dopamine receptors, demonstrating robust efficacy in animal models of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Methods: In the present study, we examined the activity of antipsychotic drug (NH300094) on 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT7, H1, M1, Alpha1A, D2L, D2S, Alpha2A, D3 receptor functional assay in vitro. In addition, multiple animal models, including dizocilpine (MK-801) induced hyper-locomotion; APO induced climbing; Conditioned Avoidance Response (CAR); DOI-Induced Head Twitch; Forced swimming test; Scopolamine induced cognitive impairment model, were used to verify the antipsychotic activity of NH300094 in preclinical. Results: In vitro functional assays have indicated that NH300094 is a potent antagonist of 5-HT receptors and dopamine receptors, with higher relative antagonistic activity against 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2A IC50 = 0.47 nM) than dopamine receptors (D2L IC50 = 1.04 nM; D2S IC50 = 11.71 nM; D3 IC50 = 31.55 nM). Preclinical in vivo pharmacological study results showed that NH300094 was effective in multiple models, which is more extensive than the clinic drug Risperidone. Furthermore, the safety window for extrapyramidal side effects of NH300094 is significantly wider than that of Risperidone (For NH300094, mice catalepsy model ED50/ Mice MK-801 model ED50 = 104.6-fold; for Risperidone, mice catalepsy model ED50/ Mice MK-801 model ED50 = 12.9-fold), which suggests a potentially better clinical safety profile for NH300094. Conclusion: NH300094 is a novel potent serotonin and dopamine receptors modulator, which has good safety profile and therapeutic potential for the treatment of schizophrenia with cognition disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minquan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Friedrich EVC, Neuper C, Scherer R. Editorial: Mind over brain, brain over mind: cognitive causes and consequences of controlling brain activity - volume II. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1280095. [PMID: 37810762 PMCID: PMC10552517 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1280095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth V. C. Friedrich
- Research Unit Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christa Neuper
- Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Scherer
- Brain-Computer Interfaces and Neural Engineering Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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Zhao L, Liu H, Wang W, Wang Y, Xiu M, Li S. Carnitine metabolites and cognitive improvement in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine: a prospective longitudinal study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1255501. [PMID: 37663259 PMCID: PMC10470116 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1255501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cognitive impairment is one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia, which is stable and lifelong. L-carnitine has been shown to improve cognitive function and decrease the rate of cognitive deterioration in patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, it remains unclear regarding the role of L-carnitine and its metabolites in cognitive functions in schizophrenia after treatment with olanzapine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between changes in plasma levels of L-carnitine metabolites and cognitive improvement after olanzapine treatment. Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study. In this study, we recruited 25 female patients with first episode schizophrenia (FES) who were drug naïve at baseline and received 4 weeks of olanzapine monotherapy. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and 4-week follow-up using the RBANS. Plasma L-carnitine metabolite levels were determined by a metabolomics technology based on untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Results: We found that the immediate memory index, delayed memory index and RBANS composite score were significantly increased at the 4-week follow-up after treatment. A total of 7 differential L-carnitine metabolites were identified in FES patients after olanzapine monotherapy. In addition, we found that changes in butyrylcarnitine were positively correlated with improvements in language index and RBANS composite score. Further regression analyses confirmed the association between reduced butyrylcarnitine levels and cognitive improvement after olanzapine monotherapy in FES patients. Conclusion: Our study shows that cognitive improvement after olanzapine treatment was associated with changes in L-carnitine metabolite levels in patients with FES, suggesting a key role of L-carnitine in cognition in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Youping Wang
- Department of Nutritional and Metabolic Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyun Li
- Department of Nutritional and Metabolic Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Klimova B, Pikhart M. Cognitive Gain in Digital Foreign Language Learning. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1074. [PMID: 37509006 PMCID: PMC10376944 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review examines the potential of digital language learning in contributing to students' cognitive gains. The study reviews existing research on the relationship between digital language learning and cognitive benefits, with a focus on enhanced problem-solving skills, memory, and multitasking ability. The research questions explored in this study are (1) does digital language learning contribute to cognitive gains in foreign language education? and (2) what are the pedagogical implications for cognitive improvement in digital foreign language education? The study employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to identify and analyze relevant research articles. The results of the review suggest that working with printed texts may be more effective for cognitive gains compared to electronic texts. Additionally, implementing more senses through digital language education appears to be beneficial for cognitive gains. Thus, several pedagogical implications emerge for promoting cognitive improvement in digital foreign language education. Firstly, it is crucial to implement techniques and strategies that best align with students' language needs in a digital learning environment, whether it involves pen-and-paper activities or a flipped classroom approach. Secondly, exposing students to a variety of techniques that engage multiple senses can have a positive impact on cognitive gains. Finally, providing students with feedback is essential to maintain their motivation and foster continued progress in their foreign language studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Klimova
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Pikhart
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Kumar P, Osahon OW, Sekhar RV. GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation in Old Mice Improves Brain Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Glucose Uptake, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Genomic Damage, Inflammation and Neurotrophic Factors to Reverse Age-Associated Cognitive Decline: Implications for Improving Brain Health in Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051042. [PMID: 37237908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline frequently occurs with increasing age, but mechanisms contributing to age-associated cognitive decline (ACD) are not well understood and solutions are lacking. Understanding and reversing mechanisms contributing to ACD are important because increased age is identified as the single most important risk factor for dementia. We reported earlier that ACD in older humans is associated with glutathione (GSH) deficiency, oxidative stress (OxS), mitochondrial dysfunction, glucose dysmetabolism and inflammation, and that supplementing GlyNAC (glycine and N-acetylcysteine) improved these defects. To test whether these defects occur in the brain in association with ACD, and could be improved/reversed with GlyNAC supplementation, we studied young (20-week) and old (90-week) C57BL/6J mice. Old mice received either regular or GlyNAC supplemented diets for 8 weeks, while young mice received the regular diet. Cognition and brain outcomes (GSH, OxS, mitochondrial energetics, autophagy/mitophagy, glucose transporters, inflammation, genomic damage and neurotrophic factors) were measured. Compared to young mice, the old-control mice had significant cognitive impairment and multiple brain defects. GlyNAC supplementation improved/corrected the brain defects and reversed ACD. This study finds that naturally-occurring ACD is associated with multiple abnormalities in the brain, and provides proof-of-concept that GlyNAC supplementation corrects these defects and improves cognitive function in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premranjan Kumar
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ob W Osahon
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rajagopal V Sekhar
- Translational Metabolism Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Chan AS, Sze SL, Cheung MC. Temporal processing tele-intervention improves language, attention, and memory in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231203900. [PMID: 37780065 PMCID: PMC10540611 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231203900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Temporal processing is the brain's ability to process rapid successive stimuli, and children with neurodevelopmental disorders showed temporal processing deficits. Empirical evidence suggests that in-person intervention on temporal processing improves various cognitive functions of these children, and the present study aimed to study the effects of temporal processing tele-intervention (TPT) on the cognitive functions of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods Ninety-five children with neurodevelopmental disorders were recruited and randomly assigned to remotely receive either TPT or conventional language remediation (CLR) in 20 parallel group-based intervention sessions once per week. Their cognitive functions were assessed before and after the intervention. Results The TPT group demonstrated a specific and significant improvement in working memory (p < .001). While there was an overall significant improvement in sustained attention in terms of processing speed after both types of intervention (p = .006), the positive effects of TPT might be more prominent than that of CLR given the significant pre-post difference after receiving TPT (p = .012) but not CLR (p = .21). Regarding rapid naming accuracy which had marginally significant improvement after the intervention (p = .03), the trend of improvement in TPT (p = .05) also seemed more apparent than that of CLR (p = .18). Finally, the TPT group had significant improvement in word knowledge (p < .001), rapid naming speed (p < .001), sustained attention in terms of accuracy (p < .001), and verbal learning and memory (p < .01) to an extent similar to that of the CLR group. Conclusions These findings suggest that TPT can be a potential intervention for improving cognitive functions in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical trial registration number: NCT05428657 at ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sophia L Sze
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mei-Chun Cheung
- Research Centre for Neuropsychological Well-Being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhang F, Icyuz M, Tollefsbol T, Cox PA, Banack SA, Sun LY. L-Serine Influences Epigenetic Modifications to Improve Cognition and Behaviors in Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Knockout Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010104. [PMID: 36672612 PMCID: PMC9856181 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases feature changes in cognition, and anxiety-like and autism-like behaviors, which are associated with epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. The amino acid L-serine has been shown to have beneficial effects on neurological symptoms. Here, we found that growth hormone-releasing hormone knockout (GHRH-KO) mice, a GH-deficiency mouse model characterized by extended lifespan and enhanced insulin sensitivity, showed a lower anxiety symptom and impairment of short-term object recognition memory and autism-like behaviors. Interestingly, L-serine administration exerted anxiolytic effects in mice and ameliorated the behavioral deficits in GHRH-KO. L-serine treatment upregulated histone epigenetic markers of H3K4me, H3K9ac, H3K14ac and H3K18ac in the hippocampus and H3K4me in the cerebral cortex in both GHRH-KO mice and wild type controls. L-serine-modulated epigenetic marker changes, in turn, were found to regulate mRNA expression of BDNF, grm3, foxp1, shank3, auts2 and marcksl1, which are involved in anxiety-, cognitive- and autism-like behaviors. Our study provides a novel insight into the beneficial effects of L-serine intervention on neuropsychological impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mert Icyuz
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Trygve Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
| | - Paul Alan Cox
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY 83001, USA
| | - Sandra Anne Banack
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY 83001, USA
| | - Liou Y. Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35254, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(001)-205-934-48243
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Miculas DC, Negru PA, Bungau SG, Behl T, Hassan SSU, Tit DM. Pharmacotherapy Evolution in Alzheimer's Disease: Current Framework and Relevant Directions. Cells 2022; 12. [PMID: 36611925 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), once considered a rare disease, is now the most common form of dementia in the elderly population. Current drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate antagonists) are safe but of limited benefit to most patients, offering symptomatic relief without successful cure of the disease. Since the last several decades, there has been a great need for the development of a treatment that might cure the underlying causes of AD and thereby slow its progression in vulnerable individuals. That is why phase I, II, and III studies that act on several fronts, such as cognitive improvement, symptom reduction, and enhancing the basic biology of AD, are imperative to stop the disease. This review discusses current treatment strategies, summarizing the clinical features and pharmacological properties, along with molecular docking analyses of the existing medications.
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Moret B, Nucci M, Campana G. Effects of exergames on mood and cognition in healthy older adults: A randomized pilot study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1018601. [PMID: 36420381 PMCID: PMC9676977 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1018601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The elderly population is increasing and the implementation of stimulating training to promote active aging has become a research issue. This study aimed at investigating the effects of a cognitive-motor exergame training on cognitive functions and mood, in healthy older adults. A randomized controlled pilot study was conducted to compare a cognitive-motor exergame training with a passive control group. The training consisted of 8 sessions of 45 min each, including 10 interactive activities focused on several cognitive functions such as memory, processing speed and executive functions, all requiring motor planning and execution. A total of 57 participants were administered a battery of cognitive tests before and after the training. A mixed-effect ANOVA with group (experimental vs. control) as between factor and time (pre-and post-test) as within factor, was performed to evaluate the effect of the exergame training on cognitive abilities and mood. Results showed significant interaction effects in processing speed [STROOPC: F (1,53.4) = 9.04, p = 0.004, R 2 = 0.82], inhibition [3backs' false alarms: F (1,47.5) = 5.5, p = 0.02, R 2 = 0.79], and mood [Beck Depression Inventory: F (1,55) = 4.15, p = 0.04, R 2 = 0.6]. Even though post-hoc analyses did not provide statistical evidence supporting the interactions, overall data showed a trend toward better scores only for the experimental group, suggesting a potential improvement in information processing speed, working memory and mood. Exergaming may be a motivating and enjoyable approach to healthy and active aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Moret
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Nucci
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campana
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Singh JV, Thakur S, Kumar N, Singh H, Mithu VS, Singh H, Bhagat K, Gulati HK, Sharma A, Singh H, Sharma S, Bedi PMS. Donepezil-Inspired Multitargeting Indanone Derivatives as Effective Anti-Alzheimer's Agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:733-750. [PMID: 35195392 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In continuous efforts to develop anti-Alzheimer's agents, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of multitargeting molecules by incorporating the essential molecular features of the standard drug donepezil. Among the series, compound 4b showed multitargeting properties to act as an anti-Alzheimer's agent, which is better tolerable in vivo than donepezil. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition data showed that compound 4b inhibits the enzyme with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.78 μM and also showed DNA protection, which was confirmed through the DNA nicking assay, suggesting the protective effect of 4b against oxidative DNA damage. Compound 4b also showed 53.04% inhibition against Aβ1-42 aggregations, which was found comparable to that of the standard compound curcumin. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to check the stability of compound 4b with the enzyme AChE, which showed that the enzyme-ligand complex is stable enough to block the hydrolysis of acetylcholine in the brain. Its higher LD50 cutoff value (50 mg/kg) in comparison to donepezil (LD50: 25 mg/kg) made it safer, suggesting that it can be used in further clinical experiments. To evaluate its anti-Alzheimer property, a mice model with melamine-induced cognitive dysfunction was used, and Morris water maze and Rotarod tests were performed. A significant improvement in memory was observed after the treatment with compound 4b and donepezil. The study postulated that the introduction of important structural features of donepezil (dimethoxyindanone moiety as ring-A) embarked with terminal aromatic ether (ring-B and ring-C) made 4b a multitargeting molecule that offers a way for developing alternative therapeutics in the future against Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Vir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
- Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Harjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Venus Singh Mithu
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Kavita Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Harmandeep Kaur Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Anchal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
- Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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Nouchi R, Nouchi H, Dinet J, Kawashima R. Cognitive Training with Neurofeedback Using NIRS Improved Cognitive Functions in Young Adults: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sci 2021; 12:brainsci12010005. [PMID: 35053748 PMCID: PMC8774006 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A previous study has shown that cognitive training with neurofeedback (CT-NF) using down-regulation improves cognitive functions in young adults. Neurofeedback has two strategies for manipulating brain activity (down-regulation and upregulation). However, the benefit of CT-NF with the upregulation of cognitive functions is still unknown. In this study, we investigated whether the upregulation of CT-NF improves a wide range of cognitive functions compared to cognitive training alone. (2) Methods: In this double-blinded randomized control trial (RCT), 60 young adults were randomly assigned to one of three groups: CT-NF group, CT alone group, and an active control (ACT) group who played a puzzle game. Participants in the three groups used the same device (tablet PC and 2ch NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy)) and performed the training game for 20 min every day for four weeks. We measured brain activity during training in all groups, but only CT-NFs received NF. We also measured a wide range of cognitive functions before and after the intervention period. (3) Results: The CT-NF groups showed superior beneficial effects on episodic memory, working memory, and attention compared to the CT alone and ACT groups. In addition, the CT-NF group showed an increase in brain activity during CT, which was associated with improvements in cognitive function. (4) Discussion: This study first demonstrated that the CT-NF using the upregulation strategy has beneficial effects on cognitive functions compared to the CT alone. Our results suggest that greater brain activities during CT would enhance a benefit from CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryo-Machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Haruka Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Jerome Dinet
- Department of Psychology, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France;
- Lorraine Research Laboratory in Computer Science and Its Applications (LORIA), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INRIA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryo-Machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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14
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Corallo F, Lo Buono V, Calabrò RS, De Cola MC. Can Cranioplasty Be Considered a Tool to Improve Cognitive Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury? A 5-Years Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225437. [PMID: 34830718 PMCID: PMC8624554 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranioplasty (CP) is a neurosurgical intervention of skull repairing following a decompressive craniectomy. Unfortunately, the impact of cranioplasty on cognitive and motor function is still controversial. Fifteen TBI subjects aged 26–54 years with CP after decompressive craniectomy were selected in this observational retrospective study. As per routine clinical practice, a neuropsychological evaluation carried out immediately before the cranioplasty (Pre CP) and one month after the cranioplasty (T0) was used to measure changes due to CP surgery. This assessment was performed each year for 5 years after discharge in order to investigate long-term cognitive changes (T1-T5). Before cranioplasty, about 53.3% of subjects presented a mild to severe cognitive impairment and about 40.0% a normal cognition. After CP, we found a significant improvement in all neuropsychological test scores. The more significant differences in cognitive recovery were detected after four years from CP. Notably, we found significant differences between T4 and T0-T1, as well as between T5 and T0-T1-T2 in all battery tests. This retrospective study further suggests the importance of CP in the complex management of patients with TBI showing how these patients might improve their cognitive function over a long period after the surgical procedure.
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Soshi T, Andersson M, Kawagoe T, Nishiguchi S, Yamada M, Otsuka Y, Nakai R, Abe N, Aslah A, Igasaki T, Sekiyama K. Prefrontal Plasticity after a 3-Month Exercise Intervention in Older Adults Relates to Enhanced Cognitive Performance. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4501-4517. [PMID: 34009242 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined exercise intervention effects on older adults' brain structures and function. Brain data were analyzed from 47 healthy adults between 61 and 82 years of age who, in a previous study, showed cognitive improvement following a 3-month intervention. The participants were assigned to a motor exercise intervention group (n = 24), performing exercise training programs for a 12-week period, or a waiting control group (n = 23), abstaining from any exercise program. Structural analysis of the frontal cortex and hippocampus revealed increased gray matter volume and/or thickness in several prefrontal areas in the intervention group and reduced hippocampal gray matter volume in the control group. Importantly, the volume increase in the middle frontal sulcus in the intervention group was associated with a general cognitive improvement after the intervention. Functional analysis showed that the prefrontal functional connectivity during a working memory task differently changed in response to the intervention or waiting in the two groups. The functional connectivity decreased in the intervention group, whereas the corresponding connectivity increased in the control group, which was associated with maintaining cognitive performance. The current longitudinal findings indicate that short-term exercise intervention can induce prefrontal plasticity associated with cognitive performance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Soshi
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8306, Japan
| | | | - Toshikazu Kawagoe
- College of Contemporary Psychology, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558, Japan
| | - Shu Nishiguchi
- NTT DATA Institute of Management Consulting, Inc., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0093, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamada
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
| | - Yuki Otsuka
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakai
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Abe
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Adibah Aslah
- Department of Human and Environmental Informatics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Igasaki
- Department of Human and Environmental Informatics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sekiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8306, Japan
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16
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Wei G, Zhang Z, Fu D, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zu Y, Zhang L, Zhang Z. Enzyme-assisted Solvent Extraction of High-yield Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. Seed Oil and Fatty Acid Composition and Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Activity. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1133-1146. [PMID: 34248097 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-assisted solvent extraction (EASE) of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. seed oil (PSO) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The fatty acid composition and anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity of PSO were analyzed. An enzyme mixture composed of cellulase and hemicellulase (1:1, w/w) was most effective in determining the extraction yield of PSO. The ideal extraction conditions were a pH value of 5.1, an enzymolysis time of 68 min, and a temperature of 50℃. The average extraction yield of PSO was 38.2 mL/100 g, 37.4% higher than that of untreated peony seed (27.8 mL/100 g). The fatty acid composition of PSO under optimal conditions for EASE was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The predominant unsaturated fatty acids of PSO were determined to be more than 90.00%, including n-3 α-linolenic acid (43.33%), n-6 linoleic acid (23.40%) and oleic acid (23.59%). In this experiment, the anti-AD effect of PSO was also analyzed by performing learning and memory ability tests with Drosophila. PSO retarded the decrease in climbing ability in AD Drosophila. The 1% and 5% PSO groups were significantly different from the model group (b p < 0.05). The smell short-term memory ability test revealed the number of Drosophila in barrier and barrier-free centrifuge tubes in each group. PSO feeding improved learning and memory in AD Drosophila, with the highest number entering the barrierfree centrifuge tube. The performance index (PI) measured by the Pavlov olfactory avoidance conditioning test also demonstrated the effect of PSO on the learning and memory abilities of Drosophila. The PI of the PSO group was significantly increased compared to that of the model group. HE-stained brain tissue sections of AD Drosophila showed higher neurodegenerative changes, while PSO significantly reduced neurodegenerative damage. These results indicated that PSO can significantly improve the cognitive function of AD Drosophila and may help to prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wei
- Department of School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University
| | | | - Dongmei Fu
- College of chemistry, chemical engineering and resource utilization, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of chemistry, chemical engineering and resource utilization, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- College of chemistry, chemical engineering and resource utilization, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Yuangang Zu
- College of chemistry, chemical engineering and resource utilization, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of chemistry, chemical engineering and resource utilization, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment is frequently comorbid with late-life depression (LLD) and often persists despite remission of mood symptoms with antidepressant treatment. Increasing understanding of factors that predict improvement of cognitive symptoms in LLD is useful to inform treatment recommendations. METHODS We used data from 2 randomized clinical trials of geriatric depression to examine the relationships between sociodemographic factors (resilience, quality of life) and clinical factors (age of depression onset, severity of depression, apathy) with subsequent cognitive outcomes. One hundred sixty-five older adults with major depression who had completed one of 2 clinical trials were included: (1) methylphenidate plus placebo, citalopram plus placebo, and citalopram plus methylphenidate or (2) citalopram combined with Tai Chi or health education. A comprehensive neuropsychiatric battery was administered; 2 measures of cognitive improvement were examined, one defined as an increase in general cognitive performance score of at least 1 standard deviation and the other 0.5 standard deviation pre-post treatment. RESULTS At posttreatment, 59% of participants had remitted, but less than a third of those who remitted showed cognitive improvement (29%). Cognitive improvement was observed in 18% of nonremitters. Lower baseline depression severity, greater social functioning, and depression onset prior to 60 years of age were significantly associated with cognitive improvement. None of the other measures, including baseline apathy, resilience, and depression remission status, were significantly associated with cognitive improvement. CONCLUSIONS Lower severity of depression, earlier onset, and greater social functioning may predict improvement in cognitive functioning with treatment for depression in LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at 8783UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia M Funes
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at 8783UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kelsey T Laird
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at 8783UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Ercoli
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at 8783UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at 8783UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Nouchi R, Kawata NYDS, Saito T, Himmelmeier RM, Nakamura R, Nouchi H, Kawashima R. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activity during a Brain Training Game Predicts Cognitive Improvements after Four Weeks' Brain Training Game Intervention: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E560. [PMID: 32824185 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that brain activities using NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy) at baseline during cognitive tasks (e.g., N-back task) can predict the cognitive benefits of a cognitive training. In this study, we investigated whether brain activities during brain training game (BT) at baseline would predict benefits to cognitive functions after the intervention period. METHODS In a four-week double-blinded randomized control trial (RCT) 72 young adults were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: participants in the BT group played specific game, called the Brain Age. Participants in an active control group (ACT) played the puzzle game Tetris. We measured brain activity during the training games using two channel NIRS before the intervention period. Cognitive functions were tested before and after the four-week intervention period. RESULTS The BT showed significant improvements in inhibition, processing speed, and working memory performance compared to ACT. The left and right DLPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) brain activities during the BT at baseline were associated with improvements in inhibition and processing speed. DISCUSSION This randomized control trial first provides scientific evidence that DLPFC activities during BT at baseline can predict cognitive improvements after a four-week intervention period.
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Pham HTN, Tran HN, Nguyen PT, Le XT, Nguyen KM, Phan SV, Yoneyama M, Ogita K, Yamaguchi T, Folk WR, Yamaguchi M, Matsumoto K. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Extract Improves Memory Performance via Promotion of Neurogenesis in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus of Adolescent Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3365. [PMID: 32397562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri L. Wettst. (BM) is a botanical component of Ayurvedic medicines and of dietary supplements used worldwide for cognitive health and function. We previously reported that administration of BM alcoholic extract (BME) prevents trimethyltin (TMT)-induced cognitive deficits and hippocampal cell damage and promotes TMT-induced hippocampal neurogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that administration of BME improves spatial working memory in adolescent (5-week- old) healthy mice but not adult (8-week-old) mice. Moreover, improved spatial working memory was retained even at 4 weeks after terminating 1-week treatment of adolescent mice. One-week BME treatment of adolescent mice significantly enhanced hippocampal BrdU incorporation and expression of genes involved in neurogenesis determined by RNAseq analysis. Cell death, as detected by histochemistry, appeared not to be significant. A significant increase in neurogenesis was observed in the dentate gyrus region 4 weeks after terminating 1-week treatment of adolescent mice with BME. Bacopaside I, an active component of BME, promoted the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner via the facilitation of the Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. These results suggest that BME enhances spatial working memory in healthy adolescent mice by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and that the effects of BME are due, in significant amounts, to bacopaside I.
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20
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Zhang T, Ke W, Zhou X, Qian Y, Feng S, Wang R, Cui G, Tao R, Guo W, Duan Y, Zhang X, Cao X, Shu Y, Yue C, Jing N. Human Neural Stem Cells Reinforce Hippocampal Synaptic Network and Rescue Cognitive Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:1022-1037. [PMID: 31761676 PMCID: PMC6915849 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory impairments in its earliest clinical phase. The synaptic loss and dysfunction leading to failures of synaptic networks in AD brain directly cause cognitive deficits of patient. However, it remains unclear whether the synaptic networks in AD brain could be repaired. In this study, we generated functional human induced neural progenitor/stem cells (iNPCs) that had been transplanted into the hippocampus of immunodeficient wild-type and AD mice. The grafted human iNPCs efficiently differentiated into neurons that displayed long-term survival, progressively acquired mature membrane properties, formed graft-host synaptic connections with mouse neurons and functionally integrated into local synaptic circuits, which eventually reinforced and repaired the neural networks of host hippocampus. Consequently, AD mice with human iNPCs exhibited enhanced synaptic plasticity and improved cognitive abilities. Together, our results suggest that restoring synaptic failures by stem cells might provide new directions for the development of novel treatments for human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Su Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guizhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenke Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yanhong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yousheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunmei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Zheng YL, Wang DX, Zhang YR, Tang YY. Enhancing Attention by Synchronizing Respiration and Fingertip Pressure: A Pilot Study Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1209. [PMID: 31780888 PMCID: PMC6861189 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained attention is a fundamental ability ensuring effective cognitive processing and can be enhanced by meditation practice. However, keeping a focused meditative state is challenging for novices because involuntary mind-wandering frequently occurs during their practice. Inspired by the potential of force-control tasks in invoking internal somatic attention, we proposed a haptics-assisted meditation (HAM) to help reduce mind-wandering and enhance attention. During HAM, participants were instructed to maintain awareness on the respiration and meanwhile adjust bimanual fingertip pressures to keep synchronized with the respiration. This paradigm required somatosensory attention as a physiological foundation, aiming to help novices meditate starting with the body and gradually gain essential meditation skills. A cross-sectional study on 12 novices indicated that the participants reported less mind-wandering during HAM compared with the classic breath-counting meditation (BCM). In a further longitudinal study, the experimental group with 10 novices showed significantly improved performance in several attentional tests after 5 days' practice of HAM. They tended to show more significant improvements in a few tests than did the control group performing the 5-day BCM practice. To investigate the brain activities related to HAM, we applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record cerebral hemodynamic responses from the prefrontal and sensorimotor cortices when performing HAM, and we assessed the changes in cerebral activation and functional connectivity (FC) after the 5-day HAM practice. The prefrontal and sensorimotor regions demonstrated a uniform activation when performing HAM, and there was a significant increase in the right prefrontal activation after the practice. We also observed significant changes in the FC between the brain regions related to the attention networks. These behavioral and neural findings together provided preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of HAM on attention enhancement in the early stage of meditation learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dang-Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Tang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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22
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Elgh E, Hu X. Dynamic Trajectory of Long-Term Cognitive Improvement Up to 10 Years in Young Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors: A Cohort Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:97. [PMID: 30853930 PMCID: PMC6396723 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: The trajectories of long-term and domain-specific cognitive alterations over a decade after stroke are largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the dynamic alterations of domain-specific cognitive performance among young stroke survivors over 10 years after their first stroke. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out on 38 young stroke survivors (aged 18–65 at stroke onset) living in the community at 10 years after their first stroke. The cognitive outcomes were assessed repeatedly at 1 week, 7 months, and 10 years after their first stroke on the sub-domains: process speed (Symbol search and Coding from WAIS, TMT-A), visual attention (Bells test), visuospatial function (Block design from WAIS, RCFT), executive function (TMT-B, verbal fluency), verbal function [Letter fluency (FAS) from D-KEFS and CD], working memory (Digit Span from WAIS), immediate memory (RCFT and CD), and delayed memory (RCFT and CD). Global cognition was evaluated with Mini mental state examination at the two later time-points. Results: We found a delayed significant improvement of working memory with total recovery 10 years after participants' stroke. Visuospatial function recovered already at 7 months and remained stable at 10-year follow-up. Process speed demonstrated a significant decrease at 10 years compared to 7 months after stroke onset, a decrease which could be compensated by enhancements of other cognitive domains. No further deterioration was found in verbal function, immediate-, and delayed memory, and executive function during 10-year follow-up. Global cognition improved by on average two points between 7 months and 10 years. Education level and fatigue showed low to moderate positive correlations with cognitive improvements. Conclusions: The concordance of cognitive improvements between domain-specific and global cognitions strongly suggest that some young stroke survivors do improve their cognitive outcome over a 10-year period following their first stroke. This finding fills a gap of knowledge with respect to the dynamic trajectory of post-stroke cognition, with important implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Elgh
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Barlati S, Deste G, Galluzzo A, Perin AP, Valsecchi P, Turrina C, Vita A. Factors Associated With Response and Resistance to Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia: A Critical Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1542. [PMID: 30687100 PMCID: PMC6335346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a central feature of schizophrenia and has shown to play a crucial role in the psychosocial function of the disorder. Over the past few years, several cognitive remediation (CR) interventions have been developed for schizophrenia, whose effectiveness has also been widely demonstrated by systematic reviews and meta-analysis studies. Despite these evidences, many questions remain open. In particular, the identification of CR response predictors in patients with schizophrenia is still a topic with equivocal findings and only a few studies have looked for the relationship between CR response or resistance and the biological, socio-demographic, clinical and cognitive features in schizophrenia. The current knowledge on positive or negative response predictors to CR treatment in schizophrenia include: age, duration of illness, premorbid adjustment, baseline cognitive performance, intrinsic motivation, hostility, disorganized symptoms, neurobiological reserve, genetic polymorphisms, the amounts of antipsychotics, the type of CR, etc. The aim of this review is to identify neurobiological, psychopathological, cognitive, and functional predictors of CR response or resistance in schizophrenia, taking into account both cognitive and functional outcome measures. The information obtained could be very useful in planning integrated and personalized interventions, also with a better use of the available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Barlati
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Deste
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galluzzo
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Perin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Valsecchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cesare Turrina
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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24
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Reza-Zaldivar EE, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Gutiérrez-Mercado YK, Sandoval-Ávila S, Gomez-Pinedo U, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Vázquez-Méndez E, Padilla-Camberos E, Canales-Aguirre AA. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote neurogenesis and cognitive function recovery in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1626-1634. [PMID: 31089063 PMCID: PMC6557105 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes can enhance neural plasticity and improve cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on neurogenesis and cognitive capacity in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease mouse models were established by injection of beta amyloid 1−42 aggregates into dentate gyrus bilaterally. Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were performed to evaluate mouse cognitive deficits at 14 and 28 days after administration. Afterwards, neurogenesis in the subventricular zone was determined by immunofluorescence using doublecortin and PSA-NCAM antibodies. Results showed that mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes stimulated neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and alleviated beta amyloid 1−42-induced cognitive impairment, and these effects are similar to those shown in the mesenchymal stem cells. These findings provide evidence to validate the possibility of developing cell-free therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease. All procedures and experiments were approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (CICUAL) (approval No. CICUAL 2016-011) on April 25, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin E Reza-Zaldivar
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mercedes A Hernández-Sapiéns
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Yanet K Gutiérrez-Mercado
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sandoval-Ávila
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ulises Gomez-Pinedo
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, IdISSC Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana L Márquez-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Estefanía Vázquez-Méndez
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alejandro A Canales-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
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25
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Cai P, Fang SQ, Yang XL, Wu JJ, Liu QH, Hong H, Wang XB, Kong LY. Rational Design and Multibiological Profiling of Novel Donepezil-Trolox Hybrids against Alzheimer's Disease, with Cholinergic, Antioxidant, Neuroprotective, and Cognition Enhancing Properties. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2496-2511. [PMID: 28806057 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of donepezil-trolox hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multifunctional ligands against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological assays showed that these derivatives possessed moderate to good inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) as well as remarkable antioxidant effects. The optimal compound 6d exhibited balanced functions with good inhibition against hAChE (IC50 = 0.54 μM) and hMAO-B (IC50 = 4.3 μM), significant antioxidant activity (41.33 μM IC50 by DPPH method, 1.72 and 1.79 trolox equivalent by ABTS and ORAC methods), excellent copper chelation, and Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibition effect. Furthermore, cellular tests indicated that 6d has very low toxicity and is capable of combating oxidative toxin (H2O2, rotenone, and oligomycin-A) induced neurotoxicity. Most importantly, oral administration of 6d demonstrated notable improvements on cognition and spatial memory against scopolamine-induced acute memory deficit as well as d-galactose (d-gal) and AlCl3 induced chronic oxidative stress in a mouse model without acute toxicity and hepatotoxicity. In summary, both in vitro and in vivo results suggested that 6d is a valuable candidate for the development of a safe and effective anti-Alzheimer's drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Qiang Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Lian Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Hong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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26
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Koerte IK, Nichols E, Tripodis Y, Schultz V, Lehner S, Igbinoba R, Chuang AZ, Mayinger M, Klier EM, Muehlmann M, Kaufmann D, Lepage C, Heinen F, Schulte-Körne G, Zafonte R, Shenton ME, Sereno AB. Impaired Cognitive Performance in Youth Athletes Exposed to Repetitive Head Impacts. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2389-2395. [PMID: 28381107 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 22 million children and adolescents are exposed to repetitive head impacts (RHI) in soccer. Evidence indicates cumulative effects on brain structure, but it is not known whether exposure to RHI affects cognitive improvement in adolescents. The aim of the study was to determine whether exposure to RHI while heading the ball in soccer affects improvement in cognitive performance in adolescents over time. The study group consisted of a convenience sample of 16 male soccer players (mean age 15.7 ± 0.7 years). A comparison cohort of 14 male non-contact sports athletes (mean age 14.9 ± 1.1 years) was recruited from competitive athletic clubs and group-matched in age. Using the ProPoint and AntiPoint tasks, sensorimotor and cognitive functions were measured over both immediate (pre- vs. post-training) as well as across multiple time points within a play season. The number and type of head impacts that occurred during the training were counted. The main outcome measure was the change in response time (RT) in the ProPoint and AntiPoint tasks. The immediate (pre- vs. post-training) and longer-term (across a play season) change in RT was analyzed, and the effect of the number and type of head impacts was tested. Thirty athletes with and without exposure to RHI demonstrated a decrease in RT in both tasks immediately after training. Over the play season, both groups showed improvement in sensorimotor function. While the control group also improved in cognitive performance, the soccer players did not, however. Further, the more long headers performed, the slower the improvement in RT over the season. Youth athletes experience an immediate cognitive improvement after training most likely because of physical exercise. Results of this study also suggest an association between exposure to specific RHI (long headers) and lack of improvement in cognitive performance in youth athletes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga K Koerte
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich, Germany .,2 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital , and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Nichols
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich, Germany
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- 3 Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vivian Schultz
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich, Germany .,2 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital , and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stefan Lehner
- 4 Department of Applied Sciences and Mechatronics, University of Applied Sciences , Munich, Germany
| | - Randy Igbinoba
- 5 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Alice Z Chuang
- 6 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Mayinger
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich, Germany .,2 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital , and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eliana M Klier
- 5 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Marc Muehlmann
- 7 Institute for Clinical Radiology , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christian Lepage
- 2 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital , and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florian Heinen
- 9 Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital , Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich, Germany
| | - Ross Zafonte
- 10 Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martha E Shenton
- 2 Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital , and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,11 VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne B Sereno
- 5 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
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Abstract
Background: Video gaming is an increasingly popular activity in contemporary society, especially among young people, and video games are increasing in popularity not only as a research tool but also as a field of study. Many studies have focused on the neural and behavioral effects of video games, providing a great deal of video game derived brain correlates in recent decades. There is a great amount of information, obtained through a myriad of methods, providing neural correlates of video games. Objectives: We aim to understand the relationship between the use of video games and their neural correlates, taking into account the whole variety of cognitive factors that they encompass. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using standardized search operators that included the presence of video games and neuro-imaging techniques or references to structural or functional brain changes. Separate categories were made for studies featuring Internet Gaming Disorder and studies focused on the violent content of video games. Results: A total of 116 articles were considered for the final selection. One hundred provided functional data and 22 measured structural brain changes. One-third of the studies covered video game addiction, and 14% focused on video game related violence. Conclusions: Despite the innate heterogeneity of the field of study, it has been possible to establish a series of links between the neural and cognitive aspects, particularly regarding attention, cognitive control, visuospatial skills, cognitive workload, and reward processing. However, many aspects could be improved. The lack of standardization in the different aspects of video game related research, such as the participants' characteristics, the features of each video game genre and the diverse study goals could contribute to discrepancies in many related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Palaus
- Cognitive NeuroLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Elena M Marron
- Cognitive NeuroLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Viejo-Sobera
- Cognitive NeuroLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain.,Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Diego Redolar-Ripoll
- Cognitive NeuroLab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain
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28
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Shavlovskaya OA. [Disturbance of coherence of cognitive-motor integration in elderly]. Adv Gerontol 2017; 30:223-230. [PMID: 28575561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Social activity of older people can be associated with deterioration as motor function (ability to stand on one leg, walk heel to toe), motor dexterity (grasping power, the tapping-test). At the same time, deterioration in motor functions is due to the fading of social activity, and as a result, deterioration of cognitive functions. Greater involvement in social life can slow the deterioration of motor functions and to maintain daily quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Shavlovskaya
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation;
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29
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Long Z, Zeng Q, Wang K, Sharma A, He G. Gender difference in valproic acid-induced neuroprotective effects on APP/PS1 double transgenic mice modeling Alzheimer's disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:930-938. [PMID: 27614317 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive memory and cognitive impairment with gender difference in specific cognitive ability domains, pathology, and risk of AD. Since valproic acid (VPA) is a widely used mood stabilizer and an antiepileptic drug, which exhibits multiple neuroprotective activities on AD, this study intended to investigate the gender difference in the effect of VPA on APP/PS1 double transgenic mice modeling AD. Behavioral experiments showed that VPA reduced the autonomous behaviors, improved learning and memory, and exhibited gender differences in AD mice compared with the control mice. The decrease in senile plaque, amyloid β (Aβ) 40, and Aβ42 caused by VPA in the male AD mice was more notable than that in the female AD mice. Meanwhile, VPA protected brain cells from dying notably in the male AD mice but only slightly in the female AD mice, and VPA treatment thickened the postsynaptic density and markedly increased the number and density of presynaptic vesicles in both male and female AD mice. However, the effects of rescuing early synaptic structural and functional deficits by VPA were more obvious in the male mice. Overall, these results supported the hypothesis that gender difference significantly influences AD and indicated that VPA may be a promising remedy for AD if basic biological differences and gender specificity were prudently taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Akhilesh Sharma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Abstract
Skin surface temperature has been proposed as an in vivo clinical biomarker for monitoring the detrimental effect of biostimulatory laser applications. In some cases, such as wound healing and cosmetic applications, the target of the irradiation is the skin surface. In other cases, the light has to reach deeper tissues, for instance, during the irradiation of internal body organs. Prerequisite for reproducible biostimulatory effects is that the light intensity surpasses a minimum threshold. Because of the loss of light intensity caused by absorption and scattering, targeting deeper tissues always implies that the intensity at the skin surface will be much higher than that at the target site. Derived from laboratory experiments which showed that virtually the same light which produces biostimulatory effects in cells in vitro and tissues in vivo is instrumental in reducing the viscous friction in nanoconfined systems, we arrive to a new understanding of the effect of biostimulatory levels of light on mitochondria. One immediate result is insight into strategies which promise to maximize the biostimulatory effect and minimize potential phototoxic effects during treatment of deeper tissues. Such optimization strategies are also promising for experimental and therapeutic in vitro applications, in particular in combination with cell-friendly microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei P Sommer
- 1 Institute for Micro and Nanomaterials, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany ; 2 National Laser Therapy Centre, Peterfy Sandor Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary ; 3 Instituto Medico Vilafortuny, Cambrils, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adam R Mester
- 1 Institute for Micro and Nanomaterials, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany ; 2 National Laser Therapy Centre, Peterfy Sandor Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary ; 3 Instituto Medico Vilafortuny, Cambrils, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mario A Trelles
- 1 Institute for Micro and Nanomaterials, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany ; 2 National Laser Therapy Centre, Peterfy Sandor Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary ; 3 Instituto Medico Vilafortuny, Cambrils, Tarragona, Spain
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31
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Noh H, Seo H. Age-dependent effects of valproic acid in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice are associated with nerve growth factor (NGF) regulation. Neuroscience 2014; 266:255-65. [PMID: 24568732 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive impairment. Major pathophysiological AD characteristics include numerous senile plaque, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss in the specific regions of patients' brains. In this study, we aimed to understand disease stage-dependent regulation of histone modification for the expression of specific markers in plasma and the hippocampus of in vivo AD model. Since the control of histone acetylation/deacetylation has been studied as one of major epigenetic regulatory mechanisms for specific gene expression, we detected the effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor on marker expression and neuroprotection in in vivo AD model mice. We determined the effects of valproic acid (VPA, HDAC inhibitor), on the levels of cytokines, secreted form of APP (sAPP), nerve growth factor (NGF), and cognitive function in Tg6799 AD mice in three different disease stages (1month: pre-symptomatic; 5months: early symptomatic; and 10months: late-symptomatic stages). VPA decreased the mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and IL-1ß in the plasma of Tg6799 mice compared to vehicle control at 10months of age. VPA increased the protein levels of NGF in the hippocampus of Tg6799 mice at 5 and 10months of age. In addition, VPA decreased escape latencies of Tg6799 mice at 5 and 10months of age in Morris water maze assessment. Taken together, HDAC inhibition is a promising therapeutic target for AD and it needs to be considered in an age-dependent and/or stage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Noh
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - H Seo
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Parisi L, Rocca MA, Mattioli F, Copetti M, Capra R, Valsasina P, Stampatori C, Filippi M. Changes of brain resting state functional connectivity predict the persistence of cognitive rehabilitation effects in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2013; 20:686-94. [PMID: 24072724 DOI: 10.1177/1352458513505692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether the efficacy of 12-week cognitive rehabilitation in MS patients persists six months after treatment termination and, together with resting state (RS) functional connectivity (FC), changes on neuropsychological performance at follow-up. METHODS Eighteen MS patients with cognitive deficits, assigned randomly either to undergo treatment (n=9) or not (n=9), underwent neuropsychological evaluation at baseline (t0), after 12 weeks of rehabilitation (t1) and at six-month follow-up (t2). RS fMRI was obtained at t0 and t1. Changes in neuropsychological performance and their correlations with RS FC modifications were assessed using longitudinal linear models. RESULTS At t2 vs. t0, compared with the control group, treated group patients improved in tests of attention, executive function, depression and quality of life (QoL). Neuropsychological scores in these tests at t2 were significantly correlated with RS FC changes in cognitive-related networks and RS FC of the anterior cingulum. RS FC changes in the default mode network predicted cognitive performance and less severe depression, whereas RS FC changes of the executive network predicted better QoL. DISCUSSION Changes in RS FC of cognitive-related networks helps to explain the persistence of the effects of cognitive rehabilitation after several months in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and their improvement on depression and QoL scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Parisi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Jansen P, Dahmen-Zimmer K. Effects of cognitive, motor, and karate training on cognitive functioning and emotional well-being of elderly people. Front Psychol 2012; 3:40. [PMID: 22363311 PMCID: PMC3282502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of cognitive, motor, and Karate (accordingly the guidelines of the German-Karate-Federation, DKV) training on the cognitive functioning and mental state of older people between 67 and 93 years of age. The three training groups each consisted of 12 elderly participants; the waiting control group included 9 participants. Before the training, participants were evaluated with cognitive measurements (cognitive speed: number-connection test, number–symbol test; memory performance: digit-span test, blocking-tapping test, figure test) and a measurement of emotional well-being. After this pre-testing they participated the specific training in on average sixteen 1-h training sessions. The cognitive training exercised inductive thinking ability, the motor training worked on easy stretching and mobilization techniques, and the Karate training taught tasks of self-defense, partner training, and Katas. After completion of the training sessions, all tests were applied again. The results show no significant difference in cognitive improvement dependent on group between the three training conditions. However a significant improvement was found in the emotional mental state measurement for the Karate group compared to the waiting control group. This result suggests that the integrated involvement in Karate leads to a feeling of self-worth and that, even in elderly people, integration of new sports helps to improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jansen
- Department of Sport Science, Institute of Sport Science and Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg Regensburg, Germany
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