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Yoshizawa T, Kosho T. Mouse Models of Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:436. [PMID: 36833362 PMCID: PMC9957544 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (mcEDS) is a subtype of EDS caused by mutations in the gene for carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14 (CHST14) (mcEDS-CHST14) or dermatan sulfate epimerase (DSE) (mcEDS-DSE). These mutations induce loss of enzymatic activity in D4ST1 or DSE and disrupt dermatan sulfate (DS) biosynthesis. The depletion of DS causes the symptoms of mcEDS, such as multiple congenital malformations (e.g., adducted thumbs, clubfeet, and craniofacial characteristics) and progressive connective tissue fragility-related manifestations (e.g., recurrent dislocations, progressive talipes or spinal deformities, pneumothorax or pneumohemothorax, large subcutaneous hematomas, and/or diverticular perforation). Careful observations of patients and model animals are important to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms and therapies for the disorder. Some independent groups have investigated Chst14 gene-deleted (Chst14-/-) and Dse-/- mice as models of mcEDS-CHST14 and mcEDS-DSE, respectively. These mouse models exhibit similar phenotypes to patients with mcEDS, such as suppressed growth and skin fragility with deformation of the collagen fibrils. Mouse models of mcEDS-CHST14 also show thoracic kyphosis, hypotonia, and myopathy, which are typical complications of mcEDS. These findings suggest that the mouse models can be useful for research uncovering the pathophysiology of mcEDS and developing etiology-based therapy. In this review, we organize and compare the data of patients and model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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Huang YF, Mizumoto S, Fujita M. Novel Insight Into Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis Based on Gene Expression Profiles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709018. [PMID: 34552927 PMCID: PMC8450405 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate, except for hyaluronan that is a free polysaccharide, are covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans. More than 50 gene products are involved in the biosynthesis of GAGs. We recently developed a comprehensive glycosylation mapping tool, GlycoMaple, for visualization and estimation of glycan structures based on gene expression profiles. Using this tool, the expression levels of GAG biosynthetic genes were analyzed in various human tissues as well as tumor tissues. In brain and pancreatic tumors, the pathways for biosynthesis of chondroitin and dermatan sulfate were predicted to be upregulated. In breast cancerous tissues, the pathways for biosynthesis of chondroitin and dermatan sulfate were predicted to be up- and down-regulated, respectively, which are consistent with biochemical findings published in the literature. In addition, the expression levels of the chondroitin sulfate-proteoglycan versican and the dermatan sulfate-proteoglycan decorin were up- and down-regulated, respectively. These findings may provide new insight into GAG profiles in various human diseases including cancerous tumors as well as neurodegenerative disease using GlycoMaple analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Lee J, Rho JH, Roehrl MH, Wang JY. Dermatan Sulfate Is a Potential Regulator of IgH via Interactions With Pre-BCR, GTF2I, and BiP ER Complex in Pre-B Lymphoblasts. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680212. [PMID: 34113352 PMCID: PMC8185350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatan sulfate (DS) and autoantigen (autoAg) complexes are capable of stimulating autoreactive CD5+ B1 cells. We examined the activity of DS on CD5+ pre-B lymphoblast NFS-25 cells. CD19, CD5, CD72, PI3K, and Fas possess varying degrees of DS affinity. The three pre-BCR components, Ig heavy chain mu (IgH), VpreB, and lambda 5, display differential DS affinities, with IgH having the strongest affinity. DS attaches to NFS-25 cells, gradually accumulates in the ER, and eventually localizes to the nucleus. DS and IgH co-localize on the cell surface and in the ER. DS associates strongly with 17 ER proteins (e.g., BiP/Grp78, Grp94, Hsp90ab1, Ganab, Vcp, Canx, Kpnb1, Prkcsh, Pdia3), which points to an IgH-associated multiprotein complex in the ER. In addition, DS interacts with nuclear proteins (Ncl, Xrcc6, Prmt5, Eftud2, Supt16h) and Lck. We also discovered that DS binds GTF2I, a required gene transcription factor at the IgH locus. These findings support DS as a potential regulator of IgH in pre-B cells at protein and gene levels. We propose a (DS•autoAg)-autoBCR dual signal model in which an autoBCR is engaged by both autoAg and DS, and, once internalized, DS recruits a cascade of molecules that may help avert apoptosis and steer autoreactive B cell fate. Through its affinity with autoAgs and its control of IgH, DS emerges as a potential key player in the development of autoreactive B cells and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jung-hyun Rho
- MP Biomedicals New Zealand Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Reijmers RM, Troeberg L, Lord MS, Petrey AC. Editorial: Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycan Modification in Immune Regulation and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595867. [PMID: 33178227 PMCID: PMC7593530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aaron C Petrey
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Bhalla A, Ravi R, Fang M, Arguello A, Davis SS, Chiu CL, Blumenfeld JR, Nguyen HN, Earr TK, Wang J, Astarita G, Zhu Y, Fiore D, Scearce-Levie K, Diaz D, Cahan H, Troyer MD, Harris JM, Escolar ML. Characterization of Fluid Biomarkers Reveals Lysosome Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration in Neuronopathic MPS II Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155188. [PMID: 32707880 PMCID: PMC7432645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) and characterized by the accumulation of the primary storage substrate, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Understanding central nervous system (CNS) pathophysiology in neuronopathic MPS II (nMPS II) has been hindered by the lack of CNS biomarkers. Characterization of fluid biomarkers has been largely focused on evaluating GAGs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the periphery; however, GAG levels alone do not accurately reflect the broad cellular dysfunction in the brains of MPS II patients. We utilized a preclinical mouse model of MPS II, treated with a brain penetrant form of IDS (ETV:IDS) to establish the relationship between markers of primary storage and downstream pathway biomarkers in the brain and CSF. We extended the characterization of pathway and neurodegeneration biomarkers to nMPS II patient samples. In addition to the accumulation of CSF GAGs, nMPS II patients show elevated levels of lysosomal lipids, neurofilament light chain, and other biomarkers of neuronal damage and degeneration. Furthermore, we find that these biomarkers of downstream pathology are tightly correlated with heparan sulfate. Exploration of the responsiveness of not only CSF GAGs but also pathway and disease-relevant biomarkers during drug development will be crucial for monitoring disease progression, and the development of effective therapies for nMPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Bhalla
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.L.E.)
| | - Ritesh Ravi
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Meng Fang
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Annie Arguello
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Sonnet S. Davis
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Chi-Lu Chiu
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Jessica R. Blumenfeld
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hoang N. Nguyen
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Timothy K. Earr
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Junhua Wang
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Yuda Zhu
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Damian Fiore
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Kimberly Scearce-Levie
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Dolores Diaz
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Heather Cahan
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Matthew D. Troyer
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Jeffrey M. Harris
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (R.R.); (M.F.); (A.A.); (S.S.D.); (C.-L.C.); (J.R.B.); (H.N.N.); (T.K.E.); (J.W.); (G.A.); (Y.Z.); (D.F.); (K.S.-L.); (D.D.); (H.C.); (M.D.T.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Maria L. Escolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.L.E.)
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Kosho T, Mizumoto S, Watanabe T, Yoshizawa T, Miyake N, Yamada S. Recent Advances in the Pathophysiology of Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010043. [PMID: 31905796 PMCID: PMC7017038 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculocontractural Ehlers–Danlos Syndome (mcEDS) is a type of EDS caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the gene for carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14/dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 (CHST14/D4ST1, mcEDS-CHST14), or in the gene for dermatan sulfate epimerase (DSE, mcEDS-DSE). Thus far, 41 patients from 28 families with mcEDS-CHST14 and five patients from four families with mcEDS-DSE have been described in the literature. Clinical features comprise multisystem congenital malformations and progressive connective tissue fragility-related manifestations. This review outlines recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of mcEDS. Pathogenic variants in CHST14 or DSE lead to reduced activities of relevant enzymes, resulting in a negligible amount of dermatan sulfate (DS) and an excessive amount of chondroitin sulfate. Connective tissue fragility is presumably attributable to a compositional change in the glycosaminoglycan chains of decorin, a major DS-proteoglycan in the skin that contributes to collagen fibril assembly. Collagen fibrils in affected skin are dispersed in the papillary to reticular dermis, whereas those in normal skin are regularly and tightly assembled. Glycosaminoglycan chains are linear in affected skin, stretching from the outer surface of collagen fibrils to adjacent fibrils; glycosaminoglycan chains are curved in normal skin, maintaining close contact with attached collagen fibrils. Homozygous (Chst14−/−) mice have been shown perinatal lethality, shorter fetal length and vessel-related placental abnormalities. Milder phenotypes in mcEDS-DSE might be related to a smaller fraction of decorin DS, potentially through residual DSE activity or compensation by DSE2 activity. These findings suggest critical roles of DS and DS-proteoglycans in the multisystem development and maintenance of connective tissues, and provide fundamental evidence to support future etiology-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-263-37-2618; Fax: +81-263-37-2619
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; (S.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan; (S.M.); (S.Y.)
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