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Wijewardana V, Ulbert S, Cattoli G. Editorial: Irradiation technologies for vaccine development. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1075335. [PMID: 36700215 PMCID: PMC9869150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viskam Wijewardana
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Viskam Wijewardana, ; Sebastian Ulbert, ; Giovanni Cattoli,
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Department of Vaccines and Infection Models, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany,*Correspondence: Viskam Wijewardana, ; Sebastian Ulbert, ; Giovanni Cattoli,
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Viskam Wijewardana, ; Sebastian Ulbert, ; Giovanni Cattoli,
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Ngo TD, Choi MS, Lee M, Ali F, Hassan Y, Ali N, Liu S, Lee C, Hone J, Yoo WJ. Selective Electron Beam Patterning of Oxygen-Doped WSe 2 for Seamless Lateral Junction Transistors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2202465. [PMID: 35853245 PMCID: PMC9475546 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) using oxygen plasma to form a p-type dopant oxide layer on transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDs) is a promising doping technique for 2D TMDs field-effect transistors (FETs). However, patternability of SCTD is a key challenge to effectively switch FETs. Herein, a simple method to selectively pattern degenerately p-type (p+ )-doped WSe2 FETs via electron beam (e-beam) irradiation is reported. The effect of the selective e-beam irradiation is confirmed by the gate-tunable optical responses of seamless lateral p+ -p diodes. The OFF state of the devices by inducing trapped charges via selective e-beam irradiation onto a desired channel area in p+ -doped WSe2 , which is in sharp contrast to globally p+ -doped WSe2 FETs, is realized. Selective e-beam irradiation of the PMMA-passivated p+ -WSe2 enables accurate control of the threshold voltage (Vth ) of WSe2 devices by varying the pattern size and e-beam dose, while preserving the low contact resistance. By utilizing hBN as the gate dielectric, high-performance WSe2 p-FETs with a saturation current of -280 µA µm-1 and on/off ratio of 109 are achieved. This study's technique demonstrates a facile approach to obtain high-performance TMD p-FETs by e-beam irradiation, enabling efficient switching and patternability toward various junction devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Dat Ngo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Min Sup Choi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Myeongjin Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Fida Ali
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Yasir Hassan
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Nasir Ali
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Changgu Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
- School of Mechanical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419South Korea
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Won Jong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Korea
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Piątek-Hnat M, Bomba K, Pęksiński J, Kozłowska A, Sośnicki JG, Idzik TJ. Effect of E-Beam Irradiation on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ester Elastomers Containing Multifunctional Alcohols. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051043. [PMID: 32370247 PMCID: PMC7284812 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of novel, electron beam-modified ester elastomers containing multifunctional alcohols. Polymers tested in this work consist of two blocks: sebacic acid-butylene glycol block and sebacic acid-sugar alcohol block. Different sugar alcohols were utilized in the polymer synthesis: glycerol, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, and mannitol. The polymers have undergone an irradiation procedure. The materials were irradiated with doses of 50 kGy, 100 kGy, and 150 kGy. The expected effect of using ionizing radiation was crosslinking process and improvement of the mechanical properties. Additionally, a beneficial side effect of the irradiation process is sterilization of the affected materials. It is also worth noting that the materials described in this paper do not require either sensitizers or cross-linking agent in order to perform radiation modification. Radiation-modified poly(polyol sebacate-co-butylene sebacate) elastomers have been characterized in respect to the mechanical properties (quasi-static tensile tests), cross-link density, thermal properties (Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)), chemical properties: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and wettability (water contact angle). Poly(polyol sebacate-co-butylene sebacate) preopolymers were characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal stability of cross-linked materials (directly after synthesis process) was tested with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piątek-Hnat
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kuba Bomba
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Jakub Pęksiński
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Sikorskiego Ave. 37, 71-313 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Kozłowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Jacek G. Sośnicki
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (J.G.S.); (T.J.I.)
| | - Tomasz J. Idzik
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (J.G.S.); (T.J.I.)
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Lin TY, Lee SK, Huang GM, Huang CW, Tai KL, Huang CY, Lo YC, Wu WW. Electron Beam Irradiation-Induced Deoxidation and Atomic Flattening on the Copper Surface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:40909-40915. [PMID: 31573187 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam (e-beam) has been developed for nanomaterial observation and moreover to induce structural evolutions in atomic scale. In this work, we demonstrate the deoxidation of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and the formation of an atomically flat surface on a Cu nanowire by e-beam irradiation. To develop e-beam irradiation applications, the relation between e-beam radiation and the atomic surface is significant. Through the density functional theory simulation of atomic sputtering, an obvious disparity in the sputtering threshold has been found under different structural conditions, which leads to different structural evolutions. Both surface deoxidation and atomic surface flattening reactions have been identified as self-limiting and irreversible processes via in situ transmission electron microscope observation. Under e-beam irradiation, the dynamic mechanism of atomic surface flattening is driven by the convergence of total surface energy and confirmed by climbing-image nudged elastic band (ci-NEB) calculations. With precise control, e-beam irradiation reveals enormous potentials in atomic surface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kuang Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Guan-Min Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Huang
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Nanotechnology Research Center , Industrial Technology Research Institute , 195, Sec. 4, Chung Hsing Road , Chutung, Hsinchu 31040 , Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lun Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Lo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
- Center for the Semiconductor Technology Research , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
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Cheng HW, Wang J, Li YJ, Li J, Yan S, Shan S, Wang L, Skeete Z, Zhong CJ. Nanoscale Lacing by Electrons. Small 2018; 14:e1800598. [PMID: 29665220 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to harness the optical or electrical properties of nanoscale particles depends on their assembly in terms of size and spatial characteristics which remains challenging due to lack of size focusing. Electrons provide a clean and focusing agent to initiate the assembly of nanoclusters or nanoparticles. Here an intriguing route is demonstrated to lace gold nanoclusters and nanoparticles in string assembly through electron-initiated nucleation and aggregative growth of Au(I)-thiolate motifs on a thin film substrate. This size-focused assembly is demonstrated by controlling the electron dose under transmission electron microscopic imaging conditions. The Au(I)-thiolate motifs, in combination with the molecularly mediated alignment, facilitate the interstring electrostatic and intrastring aurophilic interactions, which functions as a molecular template to aid electron-initiated 1D lacing. The findings demonstrate a hierarchical route for the 1D assemblies with size and spatial tunable catalytic, optical, sensing, and diagnostic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Cheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- Electron and X-ray Microscopy, Nanoscience and Technology, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yong-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Shan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Shiyao Shan
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | | | - Zakiya Skeete
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Chuan-Jian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
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Kim UJ, Lee H, Lee W, Jeong HY, Kim H, Han GH, Lee HS, Park Y, Roh YG, Lee YH, Lee E, Hwang SW. Misorientation-Angle-Dependent Phase Transformation in van der Waals Multilayers via Electron-Beam Irradiation. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1706864. [PMID: 29573499 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Misorientation-angle dependence on layer thickness is an intriguing feature of van der Waals materials, which causes stark optical gain and electrical transport modulation. However, the influence of misorientation angle on phase transformation is not determined yet. Herein, this phenomenon in a MoS2 multilayer via in situ electron-beam irradiation is reported. An AA'-stacked MoS2 bilayer undergoes structural transformation from the 2H semiconducting phase to the 1T' metallic phase, similar to a MoS2 monolayer, which is confirmed via in situ transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, non-AA' stacking, which has no local AA' stacking order in the Moiré pattern, does not reveal such a phase transformation. While a collective sliding motion of chalcogen atoms easily occurs during the transformation in AA' stacking, in non-AA' stacking it is suppressed by the weak van der Waals strength and by the chalcogen atoms interlocked at different orientations, which disfavor their kinetics by the increased entropy of mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Jeong Kim
- Imaging Device Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 443-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangsook Lee
- AE Group, Platform Technology Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 443-803, Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Lee
- CAE Group, Platform Technology Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 443-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Jeong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Hee Han
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sug Lee
- CAE Group, Platform Technology Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 443-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsang Park
- Imaging Device Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 443-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Geun Roh
- Imaging Device Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 443-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Lee
- AE Group, Platform Technology Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 443-803, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Hwang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 443-803, Republic of Korea
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Lozada-Castro JJ, Santos-Delgado MJ, Polo-Díez LM. Determination of free cholesterol oxide products in food samples by gas chromatography and accelerated solvent extraction: influence of electron-beam irradiation on cholesterol oxide formation. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:4215-4223. [PMID: 26777543 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop an efficient method for cholesterol oxide product (COP) determination in irradiated and non-irradiated ready-to-eat foods with high water content by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector after accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), and derivatisation with a silylating reagent. RESULTS The ASE solvent was an 85:15 v/v petroleum ether/chloroform mixture at 40 °C and 1500 psi followed by solid phase extraction. The ASE method was compared with the established lixiviation method, proving an advantageous alternative which reduces analysis time by a factor of 15 and solvent volume by 50%, and minimises the use of chlorinated solvents. COP derivative structures were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Analytical characteristics were determined from standards and recoveries were 63-95%, establishing the validity of the method. CONCLUSION The results obtained and their analysis by chemometric techniques established COP formation in food samples after e-beam irradiation. Increase in COP concentration depended on both irradiation doses and food composition, mainly water and fat content, although linear correlations among variables were not found. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Jesús Santos-Delgado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis María Polo-Díez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Johns PJ, Turberg M, Willard K, Matagne D, Cheesman D. Stability of a second-generation cephalosporin veterinary mastitis formulation after electron beam irradiation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2001. [PMID: 14727860 PMCID: PMC2784838 DOI: 10.1007/bf02830563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the chemical stability of the cephalosporin (6R, 7R)-7-(1-pentafluorophenoxyacetamido)-3-[2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiodiazolyl)thiomethyl]-Delta(3)-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, sodium salt (cephem 1) formulation after electron beam (e-beam) irradiation. The cephem 1 concentrations of samples irradiated at 5, 10, and 15 kilograys for glass vials and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) cannula syringes were not statistically different from the concentrations of the nonirradiated control samples. Samples from each irradiation dose stored in controlled-temperature chambers at 5 degrees C and 30 degrees C for 24 months did not show any concentration changes within statistical limits compared with the nontreated samples. Samples from each irradiation dose stored at 40 degrees C for 12 months also did not show any concentration changes within statistical limits compared with the nontreated samples. The percentage of related substances increased slightly with the increase in e-beam irradiation level and storage temperature, but this increase was within the proposed label claim of 90% to 110% (45-55 mg/g). In conclusion, e-beam sterilization did not affect the chemical stability of cephem 1 intramammary formulation in LDPE cannula syringes, suggesting that e-beam irradiation may be a feasible method for terminal sterilization of this cephem 1 formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Johns
- Chemical and Biopharmaceutical Research, Elanco Animal Health, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, 46140-0708 Greenfield, IN
| | - Michael Turberg
- Chemical and Biopharmaceutical Research, Elanco Animal Health, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, 46140-0708 Greenfield, IN
| | - Kevin Willard
- Chemical and Biopharmaceutical Research, Elanco Animal Health, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, 46140-0708 Greenfield, IN
| | - Daniel Matagne
- Lilly Development Center, 11 rue Granbonpre, B-1348 Mont-St-Guibert, Belgium
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