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Galatopoulos F, Bitton S, Tziampou M, Tessler N, Choulis SA. Optimized Doping of Diffusion Blocking Layers and Their Impact on the Performance of Perovskite Photovoltaics. ACS Appl Electron Mater 2023; 5:5580-5587. [PMID: 37900260 PMCID: PMC10601534 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.3c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The roll-to-roll printing production process for hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) demands thick and high-performance solution-based diffusion blocking layers. Inverted (p-i-n) PSCs usually incorporate solution-processed PC70BM as the electron-transporting layer (ETL), which offers good electron charge extraction and passivation of the perovskite active layer grain boundaries. Thick fullerene diffusion blocking layers could benefit the long-term lifetime performance of inverted PSCs. However, the low conductivity of PC70BM significantly limits the thickness of the PC70BM buffer layer for optimized PSC performance. In this work, we show that by applying just enough N-DMBI doping principle, we can maintain the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted PSCs with a thick (200 nm) PC70BM diffusion blocking layer. To better understand the origin of an optimal doping level, we combined the experimental results with simulations adapted to the PSCs reported here. Importantly, just enough 0.3% wt N-DMBI-doped 200 nm PC70BM diffusion blocking layer-based inverted PCSs retain a high thermal stability at 60 °C of up to 1000 h without sacrificing their PCE photovoltaic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedros Galatopoulos
- Molecular
Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3603, Cyprus
| | - Sapir Bitton
- Sara
and Moshe Zisapel Nano-Electronic Center, Department of Electrical
Engineering, Technion-Israel, Institute
of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Maria Tziampou
- Molecular
Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3603, Cyprus
| | - Nir Tessler
- Sara
and Moshe Zisapel Nano-Electronic Center, Department of Electrical
Engineering, Technion-Israel, Institute
of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Stelios A. Choulis
- Molecular
Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical
Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3603, Cyprus
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Kim J, Jang JS, Shin SW, Park H, Jeong WL, Mun SH, Min JH, Ma J, Heo J, Lee DS, Woo JJ, Kim JH, Kim HJ. Novel Mg- and Ga-doped ZnO/Li-Doped Graphene Oxide Transparent Electrode/Electron-Transporting Layer Combinations for High-Performance Thin-Film Solar Cells. Small 2023; 19:e2207966. [PMID: 36861366 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel combination of Mg- and Ga-co-doped ZnO (MGZO)/Li-doped graphene oxide (LGO) transparent electrode (TE)/electron-transporting layer (ETL) has been applied for the first time in Cu2 ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cells (TFSCs). MGZO has a wide optical spectrum with high transmittance compared to that with conventional Al-doped ZnO (AZO), enabling additional photon harvesting, and has a low electrical resistance that increases electron collection rate. These excellent optoelectronic properties significantly improved the short-circuit current density and fill factor of the TFSCs. Additionally, the solution-processable alternative LGO ETL prevented plasma-induced damage to chemical bath deposited cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer, thereby enabling the maintenance of high-quality junctions using a thin CdS buffer layer (≈30 nm). Interfacial engineering with LGO improved the Voc of the CZTSSe TFSCs from 466 to 502 mV. Furthermore, the tunable work function obtained through Li doping generated a more favorable band offset in CdS/LGO/MGZO interfaces, thereby, improving the electron collection. The MGZO/LGO TE/ETL combination achieved a power conversion efficiency of 10.67%, which is considerably higher than that of conventional AZO/intrinsic ZnO (8.33%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Kim
- Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 270-25 Samso-ro, Gwangju, 61003, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Jang
- Optoelectronic Convergence Research Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Seung Wook Shin
- Future Agricultural Research Division, Water Resource and Environment Research Group, Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Community Corporation, Ansan-Si, 15634, South Korea
| | - Hyeonghun Park
- Graduate School of Energy Convergence, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Woo-Lim Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Mun
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hong Min
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 270-25 Samso-ro, Gwangju, 61003, South Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Heo
- Optoelectronic Convergence Research Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Dong Seon Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Jung-Je Woo
- Gwangju Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 270-25 Samso-ro, Gwangju, 61003, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyeok Kim
- Optoelectronic Convergence Research Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Energy Convergence, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
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Shang Y, Zhang T, Yu D, Peng Z, Zhou W, Yin D, Ning Z. Dehydration-Reaction-Based Low-Temperature Synthesis of Amorphous SnO x for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:47603-47609. [PMID: 34582165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of methodologies for synthesizing carrier-transporting materials is critical for optoelectronic device fabrication. Amorphous metal oxides have emerged as potential carrier transport materials for perovskite tandem solar cells and flexible electronics due to their ease of fabrication and excellent electronic properties. However, perovskite solar cells employing amorphous metal oxides as the electron-transporting layers (ETLs) remain inefficient. This research describes a moderate dehydration reaction for the low-temperature synthesis of amorphous SnOx. We investigated this amorphous SnOx as the ETL for perovskite solar cells and demonstrated a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.4%, the greatest efficiency ever attained with an amorphous metal oxide ETL produced below 100 °C. Remarkably, the device maintained 85% of its initial efficiency for more than 4800 h. Furthermore, flexible perovskite solar cells based on this amorphous SnOx have a maximum PCE of 11.7%. Finally, this amorphous SnOx was used to fabricate LEDs and exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuequn Shang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Danni Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zijian Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenjia Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dongguang Yin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhijun Ning
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Zhuang Q, You G, Wang L, Lin X, Zou D, Zhen H, Ling Q. Enhanced Performance and Stability of TiO 2 -Nanoparticles-Based Perovskite Solar Cells Employing a Cheap Polymeric Surface Modifier. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:4824-4831. [PMID: 31496072 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interface engineering of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs)-based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is often necessary to facilitate the extraction and transport of charge carriers. In this work, poly[{9,9-bis[3'-(N,N-dimethyl)propyl]-2,7-fluorene}-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) and polystyrene (PS) are demonstrated to be effective surface modifiers of the TiO2 NPs electron-transporting layer in n-i-p PVSCs. The low-cost insulating polymer PS performs better than the PFN conjugated polymer owing to its high film quality, low surface energy and insulating characteristics. A peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.09 % with an open-circuit voltage (VOC ) of 1.05 V and a PCE of 17.13 % with an ultrahigh VOC of 1.18 V is achieved with TiO2 NPs/PS-based PVSCs using poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and spiro-OMeTAD, respectively, as the hole-transporting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng You
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P.R. China
| | - Ding Zou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P.R. China
| | - Qidan Ling
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, P.R. China
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Jeon I, Zeljkovic S, Kondo K, Yoshizawa M, Matsuo Y. Interface Engineering of Metal Oxides using Ammonium Anthracene in Inverted Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:29866-29871. [PMID: 27696812 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, by casting water-soluble ammonium anthracene on metal oxides, the organic surface modifier re-engineered the interface of the metal oxide to improve charge transport. The energy level of ammonium anthracene increased the work function of indium tin oxide (ITO), functioning as a hole-blocker (electron-transporter). Solar cells in which ITO was treated by the ammonium anthracene produced an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.8% without ZnO, the electron-transporting layer. When the ammonium anthracene was applied to ZnO, an average PCE of 8.1% was achieved, which is higher than the average PCE of 7.5% for nontreated ZnO-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Sasa Zeljkovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Banja Luka , Mladena Stojanovica 2, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Kei Kondo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Zhu Z, Bai Y, Liu X, Chueh CC, Yang S, Jen AKY. Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Using Highly Crystalline SnO2 Nanocrystals as the Robust Electron-Transporting Layer. Adv Mater 2016; 28:6478-84. [PMID: 27168338 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly crystalline SnO2 is demonstrated to serve as a stable and robust electron-transporting layer for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Benefiting from its high crystallinity, the relatively thick SnO2 electron-transporting layer (≈120 nm) provides a respectable electron-transporting property to yield a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE)(18.8%) Over 90% of the initial PCE can be retained after 30 d storage in ambient with ≈70% relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shihe Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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