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Yang H, Chen N, Wang Z, Liu J, Qin J, Zhu K, Jia H. Biochar-Associated Free Radicals Reduce Soil Bacterial Diversity: New Insight into Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:20238-20248. [PMID: 37976412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), often generated during biochar production, on soil bacteria is still not truly reflected when considering the conditions in real soil. Herein, the influence of free radicals within biochar on soil bacteria was investigated from the perspectives of enzyme activity, community structure, and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry. Biochar addition enhanced the contents of EPFRs and derived hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in the soil, while it reduced bacterial alpha diversity by 5.06-35.44%. The results of redundancy analysis and inhibition experiments collectively demonstrated the key role of EPFRs and •OH in reducing the bacterial alpha diversity. Specifically, EPFRs and •OH increased the stoichiometric imbalance by promoting the release of dissolved organic carbon and ammonium N, thus aggravating the P limitation in soil. This was further confirmed by increased alkaline phosphatase activity from 702 to 874 nmol g-1 h-1. The P limitation induced by EPFRs and •OH decreased the bacterial alpha diversity, as evidenced by the negative correlation between P limitation and bacterial alpha diversity (r2 = -0.931 to -0.979, P < 0.01) and the structural equation model. The obtained results demonstrate a ubiquitous but previously overlooked mechanism for bacterial toxicity of biochar-associated free radicals, providing scientific guidance for safe utilization of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Na Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jianjun Qin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kecheng Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
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Yamamoto A, Sly PD, Chew KY, Khachatryan L, Begum N, Yeo AJ, Vu LD, Short KR, Cormier SA, Fantino E. Environmentally persistent free radicals enhance SARS-CoV-2 replication in respiratory epithelium. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:271-279. [PMID: 36628928 PMCID: PMC9836833 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221142616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links lower air quality with increased incidence and severity of COVID-19; however, mechanistic data have yet to be published. We hypothesized air pollution-induced oxidative stress in the nasal epithelium increased viral replication and inflammation. Nasal epithelial cells (NECs), collected from healthy adults, were grown into a fully differentiated epithelium. NECs were infected with the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2. An oxidant combustion by-product found in air pollution, the environmentally persistent free radical (EPFR) DCB230, was used to mimic pollution exposure four hours prior to infection. Some wells were pretreated with antioxidant, astaxanthin, for 24 hours prior to EPFR-DCB230 exposure and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Outcomes included viral replication, epithelial integrity, surface receptor expression (ACE2, TMPRSS2), cytokine mRNA expression (TNF-α, IFN-β), intracellular signaling pathways, and oxidative defense enzymes. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced a mild phenotype in NECs, with some cell death, upregulation of the antiviral cytokine IFN-β, but had little effect on intracellular pathways or oxidative defense enzymes. Prior exposure to EPFR-DCB230 increased SARS-CoV-2 replication, upregulated TMPRSS2 expression, increased secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, inhibited expression of the mucus producing MUC5AC gene, upregulated expression of p21 (apoptosis pathway), PINK1 (mitophagy pathway), and reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes. Pretreatment with astaxanthin reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication, downregulated ACE2 expression, and prevented most, but not all EPFR-DCB230 effects. Our data suggest that oxidant damage to the respiratory epithelium may underly the link between poor air quality and increased COVID-19. The apparent protection by antioxidants warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaho Yamamoto
- Child Health Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Keng Yih Chew
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Lavrent Khachatryan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana
State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Nelufa Begum
- Child Health Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Abrey J Yeo
- Child Health Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research, The
University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Luan D Vu
- Department of Biological Sciences, and
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
70803, USA
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, and
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
70803, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Fantino
- Child Health Research Centre, The
University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
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Stephenson EJ, Ragauskas A, Jaligama S, Redd JR, Parvathareddy J, Peloquin MJ, Saravia J, Han JC, Cormier SA, Bridges D. Exposure to environmentally persistent free radicals during gestation lowers energy expenditure and impairs skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in adult mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E1003-15. [PMID: 27117006 PMCID: PMC4935140 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00521.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of in utero exposure to environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) on growth, metabolism, energy utilization, and skeletal muscle mitochondria in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Pregnant mice were treated with laboratory-generated, combustion-derived particular matter (MCP230). The adult offspring were placed on a high-fat diet for 12 wk, after which we observed a 9.8% increase in their body weight. The increase in body size observed in the MCP230-exposed mice was not associated with increases in food intake but was associated with a reduction in physical activity and lower energy expenditure. The reduced energy expenditure in mice indirectly exposed to MCP230 was associated with reductions in skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA copy number, lower mRNA levels of electron transport genes, and reduced citrate synthase activity. Upregulation of key genes involved in ameliorating oxidative stress was also observed in the muscle of MCP230-exposed mice. These findings suggest that gestational exposure to MCP230 leads to a reduction in energy expenditure at least in part through alterations to mitochondrial metabolism in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Stephenson
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alyse Ragauskas
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sridhar Jaligama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - JeAnna R Redd
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jyothi Parvathareddy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Matthew J Peloquin
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jordy Saravia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Joan C Han
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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