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Tran TTQ, Narayanan C, Loes AN, Click TH, Pham NTH, Létourneau M, Harms MJ, Calmettes C, Agarwal PK, Doucet N. Ancestral sequence reconstruction dissects structural and functional differences among eosinophil ribonucleases. J Biol Chem 2024:107280. [PMID: 38588810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved structural folds can give rise to diverse biological functions, yet predicting atomic-scale interactions that contribute to the emergence of novel activities within such folds remains challenging. Pancreatic-type ribonucleases illustrate this complexity, sharing a core structure that has evolved to accommodate varied functions. In this study, we used ancestral sequence reconstruction to probe evolutionary and molecular determinants that distinguish biological activities within eosinophil members of the RNase 2/3 subfamily. Our investigation unveils functional, structural, and dynamical behaviors that differentiate the evolved ancestor AncRNase from its contemporary eosinophil RNase orthologs. Leveraging the potential of ancestral reconstruction for protein engineering, we used AncRNase predictions to design a minimal 4-residue variant that transforms human RNase 2 into a chimeric enzyme endowed with the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of RNase 3 members. This work provides unique insights into mutational and evolutionary pathways governing structure, function, and conformational states within the eosinophil RNase subfamily, offering potential for targeted modulation of RNase-associated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Quynh Tran
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Chitra Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry, York College, City University of New York (CUNY), Jamaica, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Andrea N Loes
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Timothy H Click
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mary, Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - N T Hang Pham
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Michael J Harms
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Charles Calmettes
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada; PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pratul K Agarwal
- Department of Physiological Sciences and High-Performance Computing Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Nicolas Doucet
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada; PROTEO, the Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Zou Z, Deng Y, Zhang Q, Long Z, Zhu W, Gao P, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Tao Z, Chen J. [The auxiliary diagnostic value of ECP and MPO expression in nasal secretions in different types of rhinitis]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2024; 38:292-297. [PMID: 38563171 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective:To evaluate the expression of eosinophil cationic protein and myeloperoxidase in nasal secretions in different types of rhinitis, and to explore their values in the differential diagnosis of different types of rhinitis. Methods:Six hundred and eighty-four subjects were selected, including 62 subjects in the acute rhinitis group, 378 subjects in the allergic rhinitis group, 94 subjects in the vasomotor rhinitis group, 70 subjects in the eosinophilic non-allergic rhinitis group, and 80 subjects in the control group. Nasal secretion samples were collected from the five groups, and the percentages of inflammatory cells were counted by Rachel's staining, and the expression of ECP/MPO was detected by colloidal gold assay. The correlation between the clinical diagnosis, the inflammatory cells in the nasal secretions and the expression of ECP/MPO was analyzed. Results:Nasal cytological smears showed that compared with the control group, the percentage of eosinophils in the AR and NARES groups were significantly higher (P<0.05), while the percentage of neutrophils was not different (P>0.05); the percentage of neutrophils was significantly higher in the acute rhinitis group compared with the control group (P<0.05), while the percentage of eosinophils was not statistically different (P>0.05); in vasomotor rhinitis group, the eosinophils and neutrophils were not statistically different compared with the control group(P> 0.05). The colloidal gold results showed that there were differences in the expression of ECP/MPO in different types of rhinitis, among which 49 cases (79.0%) in the acute rhinitis group expressed ECP+/MPO+; 267 cases (70.6%) in the AR group and 56 cases (75.7%) in the NARES group expressed ECP+/MPO-; 80 cases (85.1%) in the vasomotor rhinitis group and 69 cases (86.3%) in the control group expressed ECP-/MPO-. Conclusion:The differences in ECP and MPO expression between different types of rhinitis have certain reference value for the differential diagnosis of different types of rhinitis and the selection of treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology,Wuhan,430022,China
| | - Yuqin Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Qidi Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology,Wuhan,430022,China
| | - Ziyi Long
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology,Wuhan,430022,China
| | - Wanting Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology,Wuhan,430022,China
| | - Pei Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology,Wuhan,430022,China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology,Wuhan,430022,China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology,Wuhan,430022,China
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Jin J, Guo B, Zhang W, Chen JJ, Deng YQ, Xiang R, Tan L, Liu PQ, Zheng L, Chen Z, Tao ZZ, Xu Y. Predictive Value of Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Nasal Secretions in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:3304-3312. [PMID: 37255052 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the value of secretions Eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) detection in the diagnosis of endotypes of Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its correlation with clinical symptoms, so as to provide guidance for the clinical application of EOS and ECP detection in secretions. METHODS Patients' nasal secretions and polyps (or middle turbinate for control) were collected and their EOS% and ECP levels were measured. Correlation analysis was performed for EOS% and ECP levels in secretions and tissues, respectively. The correlation between secretions EOS% and ECP and clinical symptom scores (symptomatic visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Lanza-kennedy scores from nasal endoscopy and Lund-Mackay scores from sinus CT) was further analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive potential of EOS% and ECP in nasal secretions. RESULTS Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) patients had higher concentrations of ECP in nasal secretions than healthy subjects and NECRS (non-eosinophilic CRS) (p < 0.0001;0.0001); EOS% in nasal secretions was higher in ECRS than healthy subjects (p = 0.0055), but the differences between ECRS and NECRS were not statistically significant (p = 0.0999). Correlation analysis showed that tissue EOS% was correlated with ECP concentration and EOS% in nasal secretions (R = 0.5943;0.2815). There was a correlation between EOS% in secretions with a total LM score (R = 0.3131); ECP concentration in secretions with a total LK score (R = 0.3792). To diagnose ECRS, the highest area under the curve (0.8230) was determined for ECP in secretions; the highest area under the curve (0.6635) was determined for EOS% in secretions. CONCLUSION Measurement of ECP in nasal secretions is useful for non-invasive diagnosis of ECRS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 133:3304-3312, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Jun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical Collge, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Qing Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei-Qiang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Röntynen P, Kukkonen K, Savinko T, Mäkelä MJ. Interaction of mediators and effector cells in cashew nut-induced anaphylaxis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023:S1081-1206(23)00269-7. [PMID: 37098406 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanisms of an immediate food-induced allergic reaction involve mast-cell degranulation and recruitment of other effector cells, such as lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. How the interaction of various mediators and cells results in anaphylaxis is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in platelet-activating factor (PAF), platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), tryptase, eosinophils, basophils, and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in cashew nut-induced anaphylaxis. METHODS Open cashew nut challenges were performed on 106 children (aged 1-16 years), sensitized to cashew nut, with earlier allergic reaction to cashew nut or no known exposure. PAF, PAF-AH, tryptase, ECP, eosinophils, and basophils were measured at four timepoints. RESULTS 34/72 (47%) positive challenges were defined as anaphylactic. Eosinophil count decreased progressively during an anaphylactic reaction at all four timepoints (P< .005*) compared to baseline. Although significant PAF elevation was observed 1 hour from moderate-to-severe reaction (P= .039*), PAF seemed to peak especially in anaphylaxis but did not achieve statistical significance. PAF peak ratio (peak PAF/baseline PAF) was significantly greater in anaphylactic reactions compared to the no-anaphylaxis group (P= .008*). Maximal percentage change in eosinophils revealed negative correlation to severity score and PAF peak ratio (Spearman's rho -0.424 and -0.516, respectively). Basophils decreased significantly in moderate-to-severe reactions and in anaphylaxis (P< .05*) compared to baseline. Delta-tryptase (peak tryptase minus baseline) did not differ significantly between anaphylaxis and the no-anaphylaxis subgroups (P= .05). CONCLUSION PAF is a specific anaphylaxis biomarker. Marked decline of eosinophils during anaphylaxis may be related to robust secretion of PAF reflecting migration of eosinophils to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Röntynen
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.
| | - Kaarina Kukkonen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Children's Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center, Finland
| | - Terhi Savinko
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Mika J Mäkelä
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
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Sakyi SA, Amoani B, Opoku S, Dzata L, Aniagyei W, Senu E, Dankwa K, Wilson MD. Assessing the role of eosinophil-mediated immune response markers in detecting hookworm infection: A case-control study in Kintampo, Ghana. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e674. [PMID: 35662977 PMCID: PMC9165202 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Human hookworm disease caused by Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus is a serious public health problem. Hookworm infection activates eosinophil‐mediated tissue inflammatory responses, involving the production of the eosinophil‐specific chemokine (eotaxin), recruitment of eosinophils, secretion of the cationic protein, and production of antiparasite immunoglobulin E (IgE). We investigated eosinophil‐mediated immune response as markers (CCL11, eosinophil cationic protein [ECP], and IgE) for detecting hookworm infection. Methods This case‐control study was carried out in hookworm endemic areas within the Kintampo North Municipality.Forty hookworm‐positive subjects and 36 apparently healthy individuals were recruited as cases and controls, respectively. Stool samples were collected for hookworm detection by the Kato–Katz technique and speciation by polymerase chain reaction. Approximately, 5 ml of intravenous blood was used to obtain plasma for the immunological assays. Results Of eosinophil‐mediated immune response markers studied, ECP and CCL11 were significantly higher among hookworm patients compared to controls. Increasing CCL11 (β = −0.81, p = 0.015) was associated with a significant decrease hookworm intensity. However, increasing eosinophil count (β = 0.62, p = 0.027) was associated with significant increase in hookworm intensity. In receiver operator characteristics analysis, ECP could significantly detect hookworm infection with a very high area under the curve (AUC) (AUC = 0.97, p < 0.0001). At a cutoff of 39.05, ECP was the best eosinophil‐mediated immune response marker for detecting hookworm infection with a sensitivity of 97.2%, specificity of 87.8%, a positive predictive value of 89.7%, and a negative predictive value of 96.6%. Conclusion ECP best predicts eosinophil‐mediated immune response for detecting hookworm infection, while CCL11 and eosinophil count better predict the intensity of hookworm. Moreover, the ECP level is a good indicator of hookworm infection and intensity and may require additional investigations to augment current hookworm diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Lawrence Dzata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Wilfred Aniagyei
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Kwabena Dankwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Legon Ghana
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Vernet R, Matran R, Zerimech F, Madore AM, Lavoie ME, Gagnon PA, Mohamdi H, Margaritte-Jeannin P, Siroux V, Dizier MH, Demenais F, Laprise C, Nadif R, Bouzigon E. Identification of novel genes influencing eosinophil-specific protein levels in asthma families. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1168-1177. [PMID: 35671886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils play a key role in the asthma allergic response by releasing cytotoxic molecules such as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) that generate epithelium damages. OBJECTIVE To identify genetic variants influencing ECP and EDN levels in asthma-ascertained families. METHODS We performed univariate and bivariate genome-wide association analyses of ECP and EDN levels in 1,018 subjects from EGEA study with follow-up in 153 subjects from SLSJ study and combined the results of these two studies through meta-analysis. We then conducted Bayesian statistical fine-mapping together with quantitative trait locus and functional annotation analyses to identify the most likely functional genetic variants and candidate genes. RESULTS We identified five genome-wide significant loci (P<5x10-8) including seven distinct signals associated with ECP and/or EDN levels. The genes targeted by our fine-mapping and functional search include RNASE2 and RNASE3 (14q11) which encode EDN and ECP respectively and four other genes which regulate ECP/EDN levels. These four genes were the following: JAK1 (1p31) a transcription factor with a key role in the immune response and a potential therapeutic target for eosinophilic asthma, ARHGAP25 (2p13) involved in leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites, NDUFA4 (7p21) encoding a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and involved in cellular response to stress and CTSL (9q22) involved in immune response, extra-cellular remodeling and allergic inflammation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the analysis of specific phenotypes produced by eosinophils allows identifying genes with a major role in allergic response and inflammation and offering potential therapeutic targets for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Vernet
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 1124, Group of Genomic Epidemiology and Multifactorial Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Régis Matran
- Université Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Farid Zerimech
- Université Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne-Marie Madore
- Basic Sciences department, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada, Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Lavoie
- Basic Sciences department, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada, Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Gagnon
- Basic Sciences department, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada, Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Hamida Mohamdi
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 1124, Group of Genomic Epidemiology and Multifactorial Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Margaritte-Jeannin
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 1124, Group of Genomic Epidemiology and Multifactorial Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Siroux
- Inserm, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IAB, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to the Development and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Dizier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 1124, Group of Genomic Epidemiology and Multifactorial Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Florence Demenais
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 1124, Group of Genomic Epidemiology and Multifactorial Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Basic Sciences department, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada, Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
| | - Rachel Nadif
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bouzigon
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR 1124, Group of Genomic Epidemiology and Multifactorial Diseases, Paris, France.
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李 瀚, 习 洋, 陈 瑾, 陈 建, 邓 玉, 陶 泽. [Diagnostic value of a novel test paper detection of ECP in nasal secretion for allergic rhinitis]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 36:407-413. [PMID: 35822356 PMCID: PMC10128501 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of a novel test paper, which detect eosinophil cationic protein(ECP) of nasal secretion in allergic rhinitis(AR). Methods:Nasal secretion and serum samples from 107 patients with allergic rhinitis(AR group) and 40 healthy volunteers(control group) were selected. The nasal symptoms were also evaluated in AR group. The degree of ECP coloration was evaluated by nasal secretion eosinophil cationic protein-myeloperoxid(ECP-MPO) test paper, and the concentration of ECP in nasal secretion and the concentration of cytokines in serum were detected at the same time. The difference and correlation among these indexes were analyzed. The best cutoff value and test efficiency of ECP chromogenic grade and concentration of nasal secretion were calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC). Results:The concentration of ECP in nasal secretion of AR patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls(P<0.05). The color grade of nasal secretion detected by the test paper was positively correlated with the concentration of ECP in nasal secretion(P<0.05), and there was significant difference among different grades(P<0.05). There was a satisfying symmetry between the ECP color grade of nasal secretion and the serum specific IgE(sIgE) level as well as a high diagnostic consistency between them(P<0.05). The area under the curve(AUC) of ECP concentration ROC in nasal secretion was 0.807 2, corresponding to 64% sensitivity and 85% specificity when the cutoff value was set at 0.980 5; when the cutoff value was set at 1, the AUC of nasal secretion ECP color grading was 0.941 9, corresponding to 92% sensitivity and 94% specificity. No clear correlation between the concentration of ECP in nasal secretion and serum cytokines was found(P>0.05). Conclusion:The results of this novel test paper is in good agreement with those of serological allergens. It could serve as a preliminary test to evaluate the severity of allergy with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, and is especially suitable in clinical practice for primary hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- 瀚达 李
- 武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(武汉,430060)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - 洋 习
- 武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(武汉,430060)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - 瑾 陈
- 武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(武汉,430060)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - 建军 陈
- 华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - 玉琴 邓
- 武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(武汉,430060)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - 泽璋 陶
- 武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科(武汉,430060)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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Paciência I, Rocha AR, Farraia M, Sokhatska O, Delgado L, Couto M, Moreira A. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) correlates with eosinophil cell counts in the induced sputum of elite swimmers. Porto Biomed J 2022; 7:e155. [PMID: 38304156 PMCID: PMC10830069 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Swimming practice has been associated with eosinophilic inflammation, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in induced sputum may be used as a potential biomarker to assess airway eosinophilic inflammation among elite swimmers. The objective of this study is to characterize ECP levels in sputum supernatant in elite swimmers and evaluate ECP as an eosinophilic inflammatory marker. Material and methods Elite swimmers annually screened in our department (n = 27) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Swimmers who agreed to participate (n = 24, 46% girls) performed lung function and skin-prick tests. Induced sputum was also collected and analyzed for differential cell counts and ECP measurements in sputum supernatant (ImmunoCAPTM 100, ECP, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden). Results The median ECP level was 15.60 μg/L (6.02-38.75 μg/L) and higher levels were found among boys (27.90 (11.20-46.30) μg/L vs 6.65 (2.82-22.80) μg/L, P = .02). In addition, ECP levels in the sputum supernatant were positively correlated with eosinophil cell counts in the induced sputum (r = 0.583, P = .08). Conclusions ECP levels correlated positively with eosinophil counts in the induced sputum in elite swimmers. The measurement of ECP in sputum supernatant may be a useful marker to assess and manage eosinophilic inflammatory changes in the airways of elite swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de SaUde Pùblica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Rocha
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Farraia
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de SaUde Pùblica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oksana Sokhatska
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Couto
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andre Moreira
- Serviço de Imunologia Bàsica e Cllnica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de SaUde Pùblica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentaçrão da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Phetpong J, Seresirikachorn K, Aeumjaturapat S, Chusakul S, Kanjanaumporn J, Wongpiyabovorn J, Snidvongs K. Change in eosinophil biomarkers after full-house endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:1291-1294. [PMID: 35014764 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juthaporn Phetpong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kachorn Seresirikachorn
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songklot Aeumjaturapat
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supinda Chusakul
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jesada Kanjanaumporn
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jongkonnee Wongpiyabovorn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune Mediated Diseases, Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kornkiat Snidvongs
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Sánchez J, Sánchez A, Munera M, Garcia E, Lopez JF, Velásquez-Lopera M, Cardona R. Presence of IgE Autoantibodies Against Eosinophil Peroxidase and Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Severe Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Atopic Dermatitis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2021; 13:746-761. [PMID: 34486259 PMCID: PMC8419645 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.5.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Eosinophils are frequently found in atopic dermatitis (AD) and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) that release eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Continuous exposure to these proteins could trigger an autoimmune response which may contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of skin inflammation. In this study, we investigate the immunoglobulin E (IgE) response against eosinophil proteins in CSU and AD. Methods We recruited patients with severe AD, severe CSU and healthy subjects to explore the presence of IgE autoantibodies and cross-reactivity against EPX, ECP and thyroid peroxidase (TPO). The potential cross-reactive epitopes among the peroxidase family were determined using in silico tools. Results The frequencies of anti-EPX IgE (28.8%) and anti-ECP IgE (26.6%) were higher in the AD group, and anti-TPO IgE was higher in the CSU group (27.2%). In the CSU group, there was a correlation between the anti-EPX IgE and anti-TPO IgE levels (r = 0.542, P < 0.001); TPO inhibited 42% of IgE binding to EPX, while EPX inhibited 59% of IgE binding to TPO, suggesting a cross-reactivity with EPX as a primary sensitizer. There was greater inhibition when we used a pool of sera CSU and AD, TPO inhibited 52% of IgE binding to EPX, while EPX inhibited 78% of IgE binding to TPO. In silico analysis showed a possible shared epitope in the peroxidase protein family. Conclusions IgE against eosinophil proteins may contribute to chronic inflammation in patients with AD and CSU. Cross-reactivity between EPX and TPO could explain thyroid problems in CSU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sánchez
- Group of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, IPS Universitaria Clinic, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Andres Sánchez
- Group of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, IPS Universitaria Clinic, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Medical Research Group (GINUMED), Rafael Núñez University Corporation, Department Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Marlon Munera
- Medical Research Group (GINUMED), Rafael Núñez University Corporation, Department Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth Garcia
- Allergy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department Allergology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan-Felipe Lopez
- Group of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, IPS Universitaria Clinic, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Margarita Velásquez-Lopera
- Dermatological Research Center, Centro de Investigaciones Dermatológicas (CIDERM), University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Cardona
- Group of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, IPS Universitaria Clinic, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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11
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Casado-Bedmar M, de-Faria FM, Biskou O, Lindqvist CM, Ranasinghe PD, Bednarska O, Peterson C, Walter SA, Carlson M, Keita ÅV. Elevated F-EDN correlates with mucosal eosinophil degranulation in patients with IBS-A possible association with microbiota? J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:655-665. [PMID: 34151454 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0521-228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils have been linked to functional dyspepsia; however, less is known about their role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study tested the hypothesis of alterations in levels of fecal eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (F-EDN) and eosinophil density and degranulation within the colonic mucosa of IBS patients compared with healthy controls (HC). Colonic biopsies were collected from 37 IBS patients and 20 HC and analyzed for eosinophil numbers and local degranulation of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) by histologic procedures. Fecal samples were collected for F-EDN and microbiota analysis. Differentiated 15HL-60 cells were used in vitro to investigate the direct effect of live bacteria on eosinophil activation measured by a colorimetric assay with o-phenylenediamine (OPD) substrate. We observed a higher number of eosinophils and increased extracellular ECP in the mucosa of IBS patients compared with HC. Moreover, F-EDN levels in IBS samples were elevated compared with HC and positively correlated to extracellular ECP. Metagenomic analysis showed significant correlations between bacterial composition and eosinophil measurements in both HC and IBS patients. In vitro experiments revealed an increased degranulation of 15HL-60 after stimulation with Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia enterocolitica. To conclude, we could demonstrate alterations related to eosinophils in IBS, and, for the first time, a positive correlation between F-EDN levels and degranulated eosinophils in the colonic mucosa of IBS patients. Together our results suggest that eosinophils play a role in the pathophysiology of IBS and the mechanisms might be linked to an altered microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Casado-Bedmar
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Felipe Meira de-Faria
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olga Biskou
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Purnika Damindi Ranasinghe
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Olga Bednarska
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christer Peterson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden and Diagnostics Development, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanna A Walter
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Carlson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology Research Group, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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12
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Dogan E, Sevinc E. The vitamin D status and serum eosinophilic cationic protein levels in infants with cow's milk protein allergy. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:8208-8215. [PMID: 33437393 PMCID: PMC7791503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is a cytotoxic protein released from eosinophils. The level of ECP increases in some allergic diseases. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been suggested to be a risk factor for childhood allergic disease. The first aim of the study is to measure the serum vitamin D levels and ECP in infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) and compare them with controls. The second aim of this study is to investigate whether vitamin D levels are correlated with ECP or not. Sixty-two infants with CMPA were compared to 58 healthy, similar to distribution of age and sex normal infants as controls. The serum ECP levels were detected by an immunoassay system. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25(OH)D level of < 10 ng/mL and sufficient 30 ng/mL. The median serum ECP level in the CMPA group was significantly higher than in the control group (51.45 and 17.55 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups with regards to median 25(OH)D levels (29.31 ± 1.67 and 27.32 ± 1.41 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.646). The serum 25(OH)D levels were under 30 ng/mL in 38 of infants with CMPA (61.2%) and in 32 of controls (55.1%). Correlation analysis between the serum 25(OH)D level and ECP of infants with CMPA have revealed no significant relation (P = 0.888). Our results do not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for CMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Dogan
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk UniversityKarabuk, Turkey
| | - Eylem Sevinc
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk UniversityKarabuk, Turkey
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13
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Gorgulu O, Kosar MN. Retrospective evaluation of the effects of sugammadex and neostigmine on the IgE and eosinophil cationic protein in morbid obese patients. North Clin Istanb 2020; 7:572-8. [PMID: 33381696 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2020.21298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to show that allergic reactions with gamma cyclodextrin-related caused by sugammadex are not anaphylaxis but an anaphylactoid reaction. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 83 morbidly obese patients, who underwent elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy operation, were included. Patient data were obtained from patient files and electronic health records system (SARUS). The patients were divided into two groups as sugammadex (Group S) and neostigmine (Group N). Patient data were recorded, including patient preoperative demographics (age, gender) and preoperative and postoperative (12 hours later) levels of total IgE and ECP (Eosinophil cationic protein) levels. RESULTS: There was not a significant change in the total IgE levels in Group S or Group N (p>0.05); however, the levels of ECP significantly decreased in both groups (p<0.001, p=0.01). In the patients in Group S, the preoperative levels of total IgE were significantly positively, and weakly correlated with the preoperative ECP (p=0.311, p=0.045) and postoperative ECP (p=0.310, p=0.046) levels. CONCLUSION: Allergic reactions that arise from sugammadex related with gamma-cyclodextrin are non-IgE mediated anaphylactoid reactions. Anaphylactoid reaction was not observed after administration of 2 mg kg-1 sugammadex intravenously in patients with morbid obesity.
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14
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Lu PC, Lee TJ, Huang CC, Chang PH, Chen YW, Fu CH. Serum eosinophil cationic protein: a prognostic factor for early postoperative recurrence of nasal polyps. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 11:766-772. [PMID: 32761877 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this work was to assess the efficacy of serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration in predicting early postoperative recurrence in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). METHODS We prospectively enrolled CRSwNP patients to receive bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and followed them for 1 year. Serum ECP level was measured within 1 week before surgery. Demographics and associated medical factors were analyzed with the surgical outcome, and nasal polyp histology was microscopically examined. RESULTS Overall, 58 patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent FESS. After at least a 1-year follow-up period, 9 patients had postoperative recurrence, with significantly higher serum ECP levels (p = 0.030). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the optimal cutoff level of serum ECP concentration for predicting the postoperative recurrence of nasal polyps was 21.8 µg/L (p = 0.030). Regardless of atopy status and histology type, logistic regression analysis showed that a higher ECP level was the sole significant factor related to early postoperative recurrence of nasal polyps (odds ratio, 54.8; p = 0.014). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that the hazard ratio of CRSwNP patients with an ECP level of >21.8 µg/L resulting in early postoperative recurrence was 7.6 (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Serum ECP appears to be a feasible predictor for early postoperative recurrence of nasal polyps. CRSwNP patients with preoperative serum ECP levels of ≥21.8 µg/L had an approximately 55-fold increased risk of early recurrence. CRSwNP patients with higher preoperative serum ECP levels should be closely monitored within the first year after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Ching Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Jen Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Che Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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15
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Abedin N, Seemann T, Kleinfeld S, Ruehrup J, Röseler S, Trautwein C, Streetz K, Sellge G. Fecal Eosinophil Cationic Protein Is a Diagnostic and Predictive Biomarker in Young Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2025. [PMID: 31756948 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fecal biomarkers are important non-invasive markers monitoring disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We compared the significance of fecal eosinophil cationic protein (fECP) and fecal calprotectin (fCal). METHODS fECP and fCal were measured in patients with Crohn's disease (CD, n = 97), ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 53), Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI, n = 9), primary food allergy (PFA, n = 11), pollen-associated food allergy (n = 25) and non-inflammatory controls (n = 78). Results were correlated with clinical and endoscopic IBD activity scores. RESULTS fECP was significantly elevated in CD, UC, CDI and PFA compared to controls. fCal was significantly increased in CD, UC and CDI. fECP had lower diagnostic accuracy than fCal (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.88) in differentiating between endoscopically active and inactive patients with IBD (AUC = 0.77, ROC analysis). In contrast to fCal, fECP correlated negatively with age and levels were also elevated in clinically and endoscopically inactive patients with IBD <45 years (endoscopically inactive IBD vs controls; AUC for fECP = 0.86; AUC for fCal = 0.62). However, in those patients with low inflammatory activity (fCal <250 mg/kg), high fECP indicated the need for treatment modification or surgery (fECP <200 µg/kg = 22%; 200-600 µg/kg = 44%; >600 µg/kg = 82%) at month 48 of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS fECP is a diagnostic and prognostic marker in young patients with IBD in remission.
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16
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Yu WT, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Chen S, Wang YJ, Kong WJ, Chen JJ. [Expression of eosinophilic cationic protein in neutrophils and its effect on objective evaluation of nasal inflammation]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:581-585. [PMID: 31327190 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:The aim of this study is to explore the expression of ECP in the neutrophils and its impact on the evaluation of nasal inflammation.Method:Neutrophils and eosinophils in nasal secretions were collected and stained with ECP immunohistochemistry to observe the staining of ECP in different cells. The concentration of ECP and MPO in nasal secretion were detected of 32 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR group), 29 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps and allergic rhinitis (CRSsNP group), and 21 healthy people (control group). The percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils were calculated and analyzed as well.Result:ECP could be found in both eosinophils and neutrophils with immunohistochemical staining. The expression of ECP is much stronger in eosinophils than that in neutrophils. The ECP and MPO concentration in the nasal secretions of AR group and CRSsNP group were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.000 1), and the ECP concentration in AR group and CRSsNP group had no difference. The expression of ECP in the AR group was not different from that in CRSsNP group, but the expression of MPO was significantly lower than that in CRSsNP group(P<0.000 1).Conclusion:ECP is expressed in neutrophils, and which is likely to have influence on the objective evaluation to nasal inflammation. Combining with the expression of ECP and MPO, we can make a more accurate judgment of local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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17
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Yu JQ, Luo Q, Xiong YP, Kang X, Luo LP, Zhang J, Huang XY, Ye J. [Expression of LC3 and ECP in allergic rhinitis and their significance]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 33:322-325. [PMID: 30970402 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To investigate the expression of microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3 beta(LC3) and eosinophil cationic protein in allergic rhinitis(AR) for further understanding of the pathogenesis of AR. Method: Twenty cases of normal nasal mucosa and 20 cases of AR nasal mucosa were collected. Histological changes of nasal mucosa were examined by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. The expression of LC3 and ECP were measured by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and Western Blot(WB). Result: The tissue samples demonstrated a large number of eosinophils and lymphocytes infiltration in AR. IHC revealed that LC3 and ECP expression were higher in AR than in normal nasal mucosa(P<0.05). WB also showed that the relative expression levels of protein expression of LC3 and ECP were greater in AR than in controls. The expression level of LC3 was positively correlated with that of ECP protein in AR. Conclusion: LC3 and ECP were upregulated and positively correlated in AR, indicating that autophagy plays an important role in the toxicity of allergic rhinitis , which provides theoretical basis for the precise treatment of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Q Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
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18
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Kırgezen T, Server EA, Turanoğlu FS, Yiğit Ö, Uzun H, Durmuş S. Salivary Eosinophil Cationic Protein in Allergic Rhinitis. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 57:91-94. [PMID: 31360927 DOI: 10.5152/tao.2019.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. Using saliva as a diagnostic material is a non-invasive, simple method. Analysis of ECP in saliva was shown as an alternative diagnostic contribution in patients with asthma. In this study we aimed to assess a possible association between the levels of salivary ECP and the diagnosis of AR by comparing serum ECP and salivary ECP levels. Methods Thirty-five allergic rhinitis patients (study group) sensitive to Dermatophagoides farinae (D2) in skin prick test (SPT) and 35 nonallergic, SPT negative, healthy volunteers (control group) were included in the study. Salivary ECP, serum ECP and specific IgE D2 levels were measured. Results Distribution of age and gender were similar in the study and the control groups (p>0.05). Serum specific IgE D2 levels were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (p<0.001). ECP levels in saliva and serum did not show any significant difference in between study and control groups (p=0.738; p=0.796, respectively). No significant difference was found between the levels of ECP in between the serum and the saliva of study and control groups. (p=0.504; p=0.589, respectively). There was no significant correlation between saliva and serum ECP levels of both groups.(r=-0.191/p=0.114). Conclusion Serum and saliva ECP levels seem close to each other and were comparable in both groups, but we did not find any correlation between them Although we hypothesized that saliva ECP may be used as a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of AR, it seems that this parameter is not helpful in diagnosis of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Kırgezen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ela Araz Server
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fulya Savran Turanoğlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yiğit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul University, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Durmuş
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul University, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Pan J, Wang F, Luo X, Chen F. [Correlation between expressions of myeloperoxidase and eosinophil cationic protein in sputum and clinical features of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2019; 38:1215-1221. [PMID: 30377121 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the role of myeloperoxidase(MPO)and eosinophilic cationic protein(ECP)in the airway inflammation and their correlation with clinical feature in asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) patients. METHODS Twenty patients with COPD, 20 with asthma, 20 with ACO and 20 control subjects underwent pulmonary function test for measurement of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximum midexpiratory flow (MMF25/75). COPD assessment test (CAT) was used to evaluate the clinical symptoms of the patients with COPD and ACO. The asthma control test (ACT) was used to evaluate the asthma control in the patients with asthma and ACO. Induced sputum samples were collected from the subjects for analysis of neutrophil and eosinophil ratios, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the expression levels of MPO and ECP in the sputum. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in the CAT scores between ACO group and COPD group (P> 0.05). Compared with the asthma group, the patients with ACO had significantly lower ACT scores and lower FEV1, PEF and MMF25/75 (P < 0.05). The patients with ACO had significantly higher FVC and sputum eosinophil ratio than those with COPD (P < 0.05), and a higher sputum neutrophil ratio than those with asthma (P < 0.01). In ACO group, the MPO level in sputum was significantly higher than that in the asthma group (P < 0.05), while sputum ECP level was significantly higher than that in both the asthma group and COPD group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In ACO group, sputum MPO level was positively correlated with sputum neutrophil ratio (r=0.8358, P < 0.01) but was not correlated with CAT score or FEV1 (P> 0.05); sputum ECP level was positively correlated with sputum eosinophil ratio (r=0.4666, P < 0.05) and was inversely correlated with ACT score (r=-0.4966, P < 0.05) and FEV1 (r=-0.4610, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammations occur in the airway of patients with ACO, and their sputum ECP level is negatively correlated with asthma control and obstructive airflow limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkuan Yang
- First Clinical Medical College First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- First Clinical Medical College First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- First Clinical Medical College First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xuping Luo
- First Clinical Medical College First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Pulmonary Function Test Room, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Amber KT, Chernyavsky A, Agnoletti AF, Cozzani E, Grando SA. Mechanisms of pathogenic effects of eosinophil cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin on human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1322-1327. [PMID: 30218612 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous deposition of eosinophil degranulation proteins is a major feature of eosinophil-rich cutaneous diseases including bullous pemphigoid (BP). We sought to better understand the effect of two of these proteins - eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), on human keratinocytes using the Het-1A cell line. To evaluate expression of key cytokines and chemokines observed in BP as well as metal metalloprotease 9 (MMP9), we performed qPCR and in-cell Western assays on cells treated with either ECP or EDN. We further evaluated the effect of ECP and EDN on keratinocyte survival, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Lastly, we assessed ECP and EDN's ability to induce keratinocyte detachment from provisional matrix. Treatment of keratinocytes with ECP and EDN resulted in significant increases in IL-5, eotaxin-1 and CCL5 (RANTES) expression at both mRNA and protein levels, but not IL-17 or IL-31. ECP and EDN also upregulate MMP9 production. Inhibiting MMP9, we confirmed that keratinocyte expression of IL-5, eotaxin-1 and RANTES was independent from MMP9. Both ECP and EDN were cytotoxic to keratinocytes, inducing ROS formation and apoptosis through a mitochondrion-dependent pathway as evidenced by results of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) and cytochrome c release assays, respectively. ECP but not EDN led to significant keratinocyte detachment from provisional matrix. These findings demonstrate that the pathogenic effects of ECP and EDN in BP may result from their direct action on keratinocytes, and as such may became a target for future therapies in eosinophil-rich cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Amber
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alex Chernyavsky
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Arianna F Agnoletti
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,DISSAL Section of Dermatology, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- DISSAL Section of Dermatology, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergei A Grando
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Institute for Immunology and Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California
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21
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Amber KT, Valdebran M, Kridin K, Grando SA. The Role of Eosinophils in Bullous Pemphigoid: A Developing Model of Eosinophil Pathogenicity in Mucocutaneous Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:201. [PMID: 30042946 PMCID: PMC6048777 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease which carries a significant mortality and morbidity. While historically BP has been characterized as an IgG driven disease mediated by anti-BP180 and BP230 IgG autoantibodies, developments in recent years have further elucidated the role of eosinophils and IgE autoantibodies. In fact, eosinophil infiltration and eosinophilic spongiosis are prominent features in BP. Several observations support a pathogenic role of eosinophils in BP: IL-5, eotaxin, and eosinophil-colony stimulating factor are present in blister fluid; eosinophils line the dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ) in the presence of BP serum, metalloprotease-9 is released by eosinophils at the site of blisters; eosinophil degranulation proteins are found on the affected basement membrane zone as well as in serum corresponding with clinical disease; eosinophil extracellular DNA traps directed against the basement membrane zone are present, IL-5 activated eosinophils cause separation of the DEJ in the presence of BP serum; and eosinophils are the necessary cell required to drive anti-BP180 IgE mediated skin blistering. Still, it is likely that eosinophils contribute to the pathogenesis of BP in numerous other ways that have yet to be explored based on the known biology of eosinophils. We herein will review the role of eosinophils in BP and provide a framework for understanding eosinophil pathogenic mechanisms in mucocutaneous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Amber
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Manuel Valdebran
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Khalaf Kridin
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sergei A Grando
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Yang QF, Lu TT, Shu CM, Feng LF, Chang HT, Ji QY. Eosinophilic biomarkers for detection of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with or without pulmonary embolism. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3198-3206. [PMID: 28912870 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilia has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, the role of eosinophil activation in the development of AECOPD remains unclear. In the present study, the reliability of plasma levels of eosinophil activation markers, including eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), were measured and used as diagnostic biomarkers of AECOPD with or without pulmonary embolism (PE). A total of 47 patients with AECOPD, 30 patients with AECOPD/PE and 35 healthy adults were enrolled in the present study. Plasma levels of ECP, EDN, EPX and MBP were measured using commercial ELISA kits. The mean concentrations of plasma ECP, EDN, EPX and MBP in the patients with AECOPD was significantly 2.87-, 3.06-, 1.60- and 1.92-fold higher, respectively, compared with the control group (P<0.05). Similar results were obtained in patients with AECOPD/PE, for whom plasma levels of ECP, EDN, EPX and MBP were significantly 2.06-, 2.21-, 1.42- and 2.42-fold higher, respectively, compared with the controls (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the levels of these proteins between patients with AECOPD or AECOPD/PE. Among the four potential markers, ECP was determined to be the optimal marker for distinguishing patients with AECOPD or AECOPD/PE from the controls. No significant correlation was observed between marker concentrations and gender, age or disease severity. The results of the present study may have clinical applications in the diagnosis of AECOPD using these novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Fang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Lu
- Department of Science Education, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Min Shu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Fang Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Teng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Qiao-Ying Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, P.R. China
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23
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Jiang XG, Yang XD, Lv Z, Zhuang PH. Elevated serum levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and ECP can be involved in the development and progression of bronchial asthma. J Asthma 2017; 55:111-118. [PMID: 28399677 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1318141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the value of elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma (BA). METHODS A total of 170 patients with BA (case group, 85 patients in acute attack and 85 patients in clinical remission) and 150 healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for the contents and diagnostic values of serum TNF-α, IL-8, and ECP in BA. RESULTS Compared with the control group, patients in acute attack and clinical remission had higher TNF-α, IL-8, and ECP levels (p < 0.05). The serum level of TNF-α was positively correlated with IL-8 and ECP (p < 0.05). ROC curves showed that the diagnostic threshold value of IL-8 was 13.53 ng/ml, its area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87, its specificity was 99.3%, and its sensitivity was 57.6%. The diagnostic threshold value of TNF-α was 1.29 ng/ml with AUC being 0.94, specificity was 89.3%, and sensitivity was 83.5%. ECP showed 7.22 ng/ml diagnostic threshold value (AUC = 0.88, specificity = 74.0%, sensitivity = 86.5%). The FEV1/pre(%) and FEV1/FVC were negatively correlated and the Z5/pre(%) and resonance frequency (Fres) were positively correlated with the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and ECP in patients in acute attack and in clinical remission (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that elevated serum levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and ECP can be involved in the development and progression of BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Gang Jiang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Xu-Dong Yang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lv
- b Xi'an Public Health Bureau , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Peng-Hui Zhuang
- c Department of Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , P. R. China
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24
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Cheng KJ, Wang SQ, Xu YY. Different roles of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin in different subtypes of nasal polyps. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:321-326. [PMID: 28123509 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a multifactorial disease. The pathogenesis of CRSwNP remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the role of inflammation and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (SE) in this disease. The study included a total of 74 patients with CRSwNP and 6 controls. A serum Phadiatop assay was conducted to detect atopy status, and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and total immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels were determined using ELISA. SEA, SEB, total IgE, ECP and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in nasal tissue supernatant were measured using ELISA. The results indicated that 15 (22.1%) patients had systemic allergies. On the basis of the ECP/MPO ratio, the patients were divided into an eosinophilic CRSwNP group (n=18) and a non-eosinophilic CRSwNP group (n=56). The total ECP/MPO ratio was 0.572, with a notable bias toward neutrophilic inflammation. The supernatant ECP and MPO levels were elevated in the CRSwNP group compared with the control group, but no significant difference in the serum total IgE and ECP levels were observed between the CRSwNP and control groups. In addition, the non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic CRSwNP groups showed significant elevations in supernatant total IgE, SEA and SEB levels compared with the control group. Thus, it may be concluded that allergy is a common pathogenesis of CRSwNP, and neutrophilic inflammation is present in most Chinese CRSwNP patients. Additionally, local indicators reflect the inflammatory status more accurately than do serum indicators. SEs may act as an infection factor rather than as a superantigen in Chinese non-eosinophilic CRSwNP patients. Thus, long-term antibiotic therapy may be an option for Chinese non-eosinophilic CRSwNP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jia Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shen-Qing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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25
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Pulido D, Garcia-Mayoral MF, Moussaoui M, Velázquez D, Torrent M, Bruix M, Boix E. Structural basis for endotoxin neutralization by the eosinophil cationic protein. FEBS J 2016; 283:4176-4191. [PMID: 27696685 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute infection by Gram-negative pathogens can induce an exacerbated immune response that leads to lethal septic shock syndrome. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecule that can initiate massive and lethal immune system stimulation. Therefore, the development of new and effective LPS-neutralizing agents is a top priority. The eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is an antimicrobial protein secreted in response to infection, with a remarkable affinity for LPS. In the present study, we demonstrate that ECP is able to neutralize bacterial LPS and inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α production in human macrophages. We also characterized ECP neutralizing activity using progressively truncated LPS mutants, and conclude that the polysaccharide moiety and lipid A portions are required for LPS-mediated neutralization. In addition, we mapped the structural determinants required for the ECP-LPS interaction by nuclear magnetic resonance. Our results show that ECP is able to neutralize LPS and therefore opens a new route for developing novel therapeutic agents based on the ECP structural scaffolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pulido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Mohammed Moussaoui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Diego Velázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marc Torrent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marta Bruix
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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26
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Harima-Mizusawa N, Kano M, Nozaki D, Nonaka C, Miyazaki K, Enomoto T. Citrus juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum YIT 0132 alleviates symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:649-658. [PMID: 27633173 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether citrus juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum YIT 0132 (LP0132), which was pasteurised after fermentation, could alleviate the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis consumed LP0132-fermented juice (n=17) or unfermented citrus juice (placebo; n=16) once a day for 8 weeks. During the pre-intervention and intervention periods, the subjects recorded nasal symptoms (number of sneezing attacks, number of nose-blowing incidents, and stuffy nose score). The primary endpoint, nasal symptoms score (NSS), was scored from 0 to 4 according to the 'Practical Guideline for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Japan 2009' using a combination of the three nasal symptom items. Blood samples were collected at pre-intervention and at 8 weeks after commencing the intervention. There were several significant improvements not only in the LP0132 group but also in the placebo group because of potential anti-allergic effects of citrus. Compared with the placebo group, the LP0132 group showed a significant reduction in the NSS and stuffy nose score during the intervention period. Also, the LP0132 group, but not the placebo group, showed significant attenuation of type 2 helper T cells (Th2 cells)/helper T cells, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and showed significant augmentation of type 1 helper T cells (Th1 cells)/Th2 cells at 8 weeks of intervention compared with baseline. It is suggested that daily intake of fermented citrus juice containing heat-killed LP0132 has beneficial effects on symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis, and these benefits may be associated with the attenuation of Th2 cells, total IgE, and ECP via the immunomodulating activities of LP0132.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Harima-Mizusawa
- 1 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - M Kano
- 1 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - D Nozaki
- 2 Yakult Honsha Co. Ltd, 1-19 Higashi Shimbashi 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8660, Japan
| | - C Nonaka
- 2 Yakult Honsha Co. Ltd, 1-19 Higashi Shimbashi 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8660, Japan
| | - K Miyazaki
- 1 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - T Enomoto
- 3 NPO Japan Health Promotion Supporting Network, 3-68 Komatsubaradori, Wakayama 640-8269, Japan
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27
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Hua MC, Chen CC, Liao SL, Yao TC, Tsai MH, Lai SH, Chiu CY, Yeh KW, Huang JL. Faecal eosinophil cationic protein and serum immunoglobulin E in relation to infant feeding practices. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 54:246-252. [PMID: 27194747 DOI: 10.1177/0004563216653417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background To date, the effects of exclusive breastfeeding duration and timing of solid food introduction on allergy prevention are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of variable feeding practices on intestinal inflammation in infants using faecal eosinophil cationic protein as a surrogate marker and to assess whether faecal eosinophil cationic protein is associated with serum immunoglobulin E. Methods Subjects ( n = 206) were enrolled from the Prediction of Allergies in Taiwanese CHildren (PATCH) birth cohort study. Stool samples were collected at 6 and 12 months for determining eosinophil cationic protein, and blood was collected for determining total and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E at 12 months. We compared these biomarkers between infants with variable exclusive breastfeeding duration and infants introduced to solid foods at various periods. The association between faecal eosinophil cationic protein, total serum immunoglobulin E and specific immunoglobulin E was also analysed. Results Faecal eosinophil cationic protein was significantly higher in exclusively breastfed infants compared with formula-fed infants and infants who were not exclusively breastfed at 6 months of age ( P < 0.05). At 12 months, infants who were introduced to solid foods at 5-6 months had the lowest faecal eosinophil cationic protein compared with those who were introduced at earlier and later periods. There was no significant association between faecal eosinophil cationic protein and serum immunoglobulin E. Conclusion We found that breastfeeding exclusively for >6 months did not reduce serum immunoglobulin E, but rather increased intestinal inflammation. Faecal eosinophil cationic protein was not associated with total serum immunoglobulin E and specific immunoglobulin E and might not be a useful indictor of immunoglobulin E sensitization in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Chin Hua
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,2 Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- 2 Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,3 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Ling Liao
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,2 Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Yao
- 2 Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,4 Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,2 Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Hao Lai
- 2 Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,5 Division of Chest, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Chiu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,2 Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- 2 Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,4 Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- 2 Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,4 Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Luo JL, Zhao XM. [The significance and application of serum eosinophil cationic proteinand IgG4 antibody in patients with allergic rhinitistreated by allergic specific immunotherapy]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016; 30:1047-1048. [PMID: 29798035 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.13.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To study the significance and application of serum eosinophil cationic protein(ECP) and IgG4 antibody in patients with allergic rhinitis treated by allergic specific immunotherapy.Method:The level of IgG4 antibody and eosinophil cationic protein in serum was measured in 33 cases of allergic rhinitis before treatment and half a year and one year after treatment.The change of ECP level was observed in different age groups,and the relationship between serum IgG4 and ECP after treatment was analyzed.Result:IgG4 antibody in the serum significantly increased after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In the serum ECP content gradually reduced after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No obvious difference in ECP level was observed among dfferent age groups after treatment (P<0.05).The level of serum IgG4 was negatively correlated with serum ECP level despite statistical insignificance(r=-0.138,P>0.05).Conclusion:ECP is a sign of eosinophil activation,which is an important factor leading to the nasal inflammation.The content of serum ECP can be used as an indicator for patients with allergic rhinitis recieving nonspecific immune treatment .IgG4 antibody is a relatively reliable indicator to evaluate the treatment effect of specific immunotherapy,and may be negatively related to the serum ECP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Zhuhai People's Hospital,Jinan University,Zhuhai,519000,China
| | - X M Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Zhuhai People's Hospital,Jinan University,Zhuhai,519000,China
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29
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Wagner M, Sjöberg K, Vigren L, Olesen M, Benoni C, Toth E, Carlson M. Elevated fecal levels of eosinophil granule proteins predict collagenous colitis in patients referred to colonoscopy due to chronic non-bloody diarrhea. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:835-41. [PMID: 26854205 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2016.1141432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colonoscopy with biopsy sampling is often performed to detect collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC) in patients with chronic non-bloody diarrhea. However, the diagnostic yield is low and incurs high costs. Fecal calprotectin (FC) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) indicate intestinal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). In CC, elevated fecal levels of eosinophil protein X (EPX) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) have been reported. We aimed to evaluate if F-EPX, F-ECP, FC, and F-MPO could predict the diagnostic outcome in patients with chronic non-bloody diarrhea referred to colonoscopy. We also evaluated serum (S) EPX and ECP in this regard. METHODS Of 67 included patients, 63 (94%) underwent colonoscopy with biopsy sampling. Fecal EPX, F-ECP, FC, F-MPO, S-EPX, and S-ECP were analyzed. RESULTS Diagnostic outcome: normal: n = 46 (73%), CC: n = 9 (14%), LC: n = 4 (6%), UC: n = 2 (3%), CD: n = 2 (3%). Higher levels of F-EPX and F-ECP were found in CC compared to a normal diagnostic outcome (p = 0.01). No change was noted in any of the fecal markers in LC. When all of the fecal markers were normal the probability of a normal diagnostic outcome was 92%. We found no differences in S-EPX and S-ECP between the groups. CONCLUSION Elevated F-EPX and F-ECP could predict CC. None of the fecal markers predicted LC. Serum-EPX and S-ECP are not useful for the diagnosis of CC, LC, UC, or CD. With normal levels in all of the analyzed fecal markers, there is a low probability of a pathologic diagnostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagner
- a Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology Research Group , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Klas Sjöberg
- b Department of Clinical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition , Skåne University Hospital, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Lina Vigren
- c Department of Medicine , Ystad Hospital , Ystad , Sweden
| | - Martin Olesen
- d Department of Pathology , University and Regional Laboratories Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Cecilia Benoni
- e Department of Clinical Sciences, Department of Medicine , Skåne University Hospital, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Ervin Toth
- b Department of Clinical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition , Skåne University Hospital, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Marie Carlson
- a Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology Research Group , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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Li C, Feng H, Xia X, Wang L, Gao B, Zhang Y, Lan X. (99m) Tc-labeled tetramer and pentamer of single-domain antibody for targeting epidermal growth factor receptor in xenografted tumors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:305-12. [PMID: 27123559 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The single-domain antibody EG2 can be fused with right-handed coiled-coil (RHCC) and human cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), to form the multivalent antibodies EG2-RHCC and EG2-COMP. We labeled these two antibodies with (99m) Tc and assessed their targeting efficiency for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cell binding, uptake, efflux, and blocking studies were performed with EGFR high- and/or low-expressing cells with (99m) Tc-labeled EG2-RHCC or EG2-COMP. Single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and biodistribution studies were further carried out. Both (99m) Tc-EG2-RHCC and (99m) Tc-EG2-COMP can specially bind to EGFR in vitro. SPECT imaging showed that A431, which expresses high levels of EGFR, was clearly visible 6 h after (99m) Tc-EG2-COMP injection; however, it was not detectable after administration of (99m) Tc-EG2-RHCC. Uptake of both antibodies by the non-EGFR-secreting OCM-1 tumors was low. EG2-COMP shows promise in identifying EGFR over-expression in tumors; however, EG2-RHCC may not be suitable for targeting EGFR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaotian Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Centre for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Centre for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,China-Japan Joint Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
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Nabeya D, Kinjo T, Miyagi K, Fujita J. Yellow Broncho-alveolar Lavage Fluid in Eosinophilic Pneumonia. Intern Med 2016; 55:3227-3228. [PMID: 27803427 PMCID: PMC5140882 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.7174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Nabeya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
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Harima-Mizusawa N, Kamachi K, Kano M, Nozaki D, Uetake T, Yokomizo Y, Nagino T, Tanaka A, Miyazaki K, Nakamura S. Beneficial effects of citrus juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum YIT 0132 on atopic dermatitis: results of daily intake by adult patients in two open trials. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2015; 35:29-39. [PMID: 26858928 PMCID: PMC4735031 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2015-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether daily intake of citrus juice containing heat-killed Lactobacillus
plantarum YIT 0132 (LP0132-fermented juice) alleviates symptoms of atopic dermatitis. This was a
natural extension of our previous study in which LP0132 was shown to enhance IL-10 production in
vitro and LP0132-fermented juice was found to alleviate symptoms and enhance quality of life (QOL)
in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis. In two open trials, Trial 1 and Trial 2, 32 and 18 adult patients
with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis consumed LP0132-fermented juice for 8 weeks. Skin conditions and QOL
were subjectively evaluated using Skindex-16 before intake of the juice (Pre-treatment), 8 weeks after
starting intake (Treatment) and 8 weeks after termination of intake (Post-treatment). Blood parameters were
also analyzed. Comparison of the Treatment and Post-treatment time points with the Pre-treatment time point
revealed significant reductions in the Skindex-16 overall score and the 3 domain subscores (symptoms,
emotions, and functioning domains) in both trials. Moreover, blood levels of eosinophil cationic protein
(ECP), total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and specific IgEs for Japanese cedar and cypress pollen were significantly
attenuated in Trial 2. The findings suggest that daily intake of citrus fermented juice containing heat-killed
LP0132 has beneficial effects on symptoms and QOL in patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis due to
an immunomodulatory effect via attenuation of IgE and ECP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiko Kamachi
- Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-24-3 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8481, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Kano
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nozaki
- Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 1-19 Higashi Shimbashi 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8660, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Uetake
- RIKEN Innovation Center, Nakamura Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuji Yokomizo
- RIKEN Innovation Center, Nakamura Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nagino
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-24-3 Komagome, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8481, Japan
| | - Kouji Miyazaki
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- RIKEN Innovation Center, Nakamura Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Goseva Z, Janeva EJ, Gjorcev A, Arsovski Z, Pejkovska S. Role and Significance of Markers of Inflammation in the Asthmatic Disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2015; 3:630-4. [PMID: 27275299 PMCID: PMC4877899 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation which can be reversible. AIM Investigation the importance of eosinophils, ECP and IL-5 in asthmatics versus patients with obstructive bronchitis and healthy subjects. We investigated the values before and after the treatment in asthmatics. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 77 subjects divided in three groups as follows: 1) asthma patients; 2) patients with obstructive bronchitis and 3) control group of healthy subjects. In all the subjects there were determined: Total number of eosinophils (Eo), eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), Interleukin 5 (IL-5) and allergy tests. RESULTS The total number of eosinophils was significantly increased in the group of asthma patients versus second and third group. We found that the presence of ECP demonstrate an ongoing inflammation, with or without clinical symptoms of asthma patients. There was significant difference between the values of ECP of asthma patients versus second and third group. Our results have shown that IL-5 was significantly increased versus second group and controls (p < 0.01). We also found the decrease of the values of inflammatory markers after the treatment with corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophils, ECP and IL-5 could be useful markers for selecting allergic patients and could be the monitors of treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatica Goseva
- PHI University Clinic of Pulmonology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Elena Jovanovska Janeva
- PHI University Clinic of Pulmonology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Angelko Gjorcev
- PHI University Clinic of Pulmonology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Zoran Arsovski
- PHI University Clinic of Pulmonology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Sava Pejkovska
- PHI University Clinic of Pulmonology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Elmose C, Sverrild A, van der Sluis S, Kyvik KO, Backer V, Thomsen SF. Genetic factors explain half of all variance in serum eosinophil cationic protein. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:1525-30. [PMID: 25354326 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is one of four basic proteins of the secretory granules of eosinophils. It has a variety of functions associated with inflammatory responses. Little is known about the causes for variation in serum ECP levels. AIM To identify factors associated with variation in serum ECP and to determine the relative proportion of the variation in ECP due to genetic and non-genetic factors, in an adult twin sample. METHODS A sample of 575 twins, selected through a proband with self-reported asthma, had serum ECP, lung function, airway responsiveness to methacholine, exhaled nitric oxide, and skin test reactivity, measured. Linear regression analysis and variance component models were used to study factors associated with variation in ECP and the relative genetic influence on ECP levels. RESULTS Sex (regression coefficient = -0.107, P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (0.007, P = 0.028), and airway responsiveness to methacholine (0.074, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with ECP. Adjusted for these factors, ECP correlated 0.53 (P < 0.001) and 0.27 (P = 0.001) in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively (P-value for difference = 0.05). According to the most parsimonious variance component model, genetic factors accounted for 57% (CI: 42-72%, P < 0.001) of the variance in ECP levels, whereas the remainder (43%) was ascribable to non-shared environmental factors. The genetic correlation between ECP and airway responsiveness to methacholine was statistically non-significant (r = -0.11, P = 0.50). CONCLUSION Around half of all variance in serum ECP is explained by genetic factors. Serum ECP is influenced by sex, BMI, and airway responsiveness. Serum ECP and airway responsiveness seem not to share genetic variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elmose
- Department of Dermato-allergology, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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Cui XY, Miao JL, Lu HQ, Qi QH, Chen XI, Xu J, Lin ZP, Chen ZB, Yin M, Cheng L. Serum levels of specific IgE to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1523-7. [PMID: 25780463 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SEs) in the serum from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its involvement in the condition. Thirty CRS patients without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), 40 CRS patients with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood was obtained and analyzed to measure the serum levels of total IgE, specific IgE to SEA, SEB and SEC, and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) using ImmunoCAP assays. The positive rate and level of serum specific IgE to SEB, but not to SEA or SEC, were significantly higher in CRSwNP patients compared with the controls (P=0.027 and P=0.021, respectively). No significant differences were found between CRSsNP patients and controls, or between CRSsNP and CRSwNP patients. Serum total IgE was significantly elevated and positively correlated with SEB-specific IgE in the CRSsNP (P<0.001; r=0.393, P=0.032) and CRSwNP (P<0.001; r=0.581, P<0.001) groups. ECP was also significantly increased in the CRSsNP (P=0.002) and CRSwNP (P<0.001) groups, but not correlated with specific IgE to SEs in either CRS group. The results suggest that SEB may play a role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.
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DE Lima PO, Dos Santos FV, Oliveira DT, DE Figueiredo RC, Pereira MC. Effect of eosinophil cationic protein on human oral squamous carcinoma cell viability. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:353-356. [PMID: 25798266 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact function of eosinophils in cancer, particularly in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), has not yet been elucidated and the possible antitumor effect of these leukocytes is associated with the release of cytotoxic proteins, particularly eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ECP on human OSCC lines and to provide novel insights into the role of eosinophils in these tumors. The viability of the SCC-4 and SCC-25 OSCC cell lines was assessed by colorimetric assay using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The cells were plated into 96-well plates in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/Ham's nutrient mixture F12 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. After 24 h, the indicated concentration of ECP (0-10 µ M) was added to each sample. The plate was read using a microplate reader at a wavelength of 570 nm. The association between variables was estimated by linear regression analysis. There was a significant inverse association between ECP concentrations with SCC-4 (β=0.16, P=0.019) and SCC-25 cell viability (β=0.24, P=0.006). To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to investigate the effects of ECP on OSCCs and to demonstrate a significant inverse association between ECP concentrations with SCC-4 and SCC-25 cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Vieira Dos Santos
- Federal University of São João Del Rei- Midwest Campus Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG 35501-296
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Abstract
Asthma has substantial impact on the patient, their family and health systems, and its control has gained increasing attention. Perception of asthma control has varied widely among patients as well as healthcare providers. Several clinical markers have been developed to define and standardize the measurement of asthma control. They are based primarily on patients' symptoms and have been popular in clinical practice and in clinical studies. With the advances in basic research on the pathology of asthma, several biological markers have evolved that have the advantages of being objective, quantitative and more reflective of the underlying pathology, which makes them a better guide for selecting optimal therapy. In addition to the cost and expertise required, biological makers are influenced by multiple factors that limit their application in clinical practice. Ongoing research is expected to define the role of individual biological markers, the optimal method of their application, and their appropriate interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Tartibi
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
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Kim JH, Cho TS, Moon JH, Kim CR, Oh JW. Serial Changes in Serum Eosinophil-associated Mediators between Atopic and Non-atopic Children after Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2014; 6:428-33. [PMID: 25229000 PMCID: PMC4161684 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.5.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MP) is associated with the exacerbation, timing, and onset of asthma. The goal of this study was to elucidate the impact of MP on eosinophil-related hyper-reactive amplification in atopic children. Methods We studied 48 patients with MP (26 atopic, 22 non-atopic), between 3 and 12 years of age. Serial changes in blood eosinophil counts, serum interleukin-5 (IL-5), and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels were measured in atopic and non-atopic children with MP upon admission, recovery, and at 2 months post-recovery. Serum IL-5 and ECP levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; eosinophil counts were measured using an autoanalyzer. Results Serial changes in serum IL-5, ECP, and total eosinophil counts were significantly higher in atopic patients, relative to non-atopic controls (P≤0.001). Serum IL-5 and ECP levels were significantly higher in atopic patients at all three time points tested, while eosinophil counts were higher in the clinical recovery and follow-up phases, but not in the acute phase. Furthermore, among atopic patients, serum ECP levels were significantly higher in the recovery and follow-up phases than in the acute phase. Conclusions The present study demonstrated significant differences in eosinophil counts, serum IL-5, and serum ECP levels between atopic and non-atopic children with MP at admission, recovery, and 2 months after clinical recovery. These outcomes are suggestive of eosinophil-related hyperreactivity in atopic children, with this status maintained for at least 2 months after MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hwa Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Shik Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwa Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ryul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Inflammation can be either beneficial or detrimental to the liver, depending on multiple factors. Mild (i.e., limited in intensity and destined to resolve) inflammatory responses have indeed been shown to exert consistent hepatoprotective effects, contributing to tissue repair and promoting the re-establishment of homeostasis. Conversely, excessive (i.e., disproportionate in intensity and permanent) inflammation may induce a massive loss of hepatocytes and hence exacerbate the severity of various hepatic conditions, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, systemic metabolic alterations (e.g., obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disorders), alcoholic hepatitis, intoxication by xenobiotics and infection, de facto being associated with irreversible liver damage, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Both liver-resident cells (e.g., Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells) and cells that are recruited in response to injury (e.g., monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells) emit pro-inflammatory signals including - but not limited to - cytokines, chemokines, lipid messengers, and reactive oxygen species that contribute to the apoptotic or necrotic demise of hepatocytes. In turn, dying hepatocytes release damage-associated molecular patterns that-upon binding to evolutionary conserved pattern recognition receptors-activate cells of the innate immune system to further stimulate inflammatory responses, hence establishing a highly hepatotoxic feedforward cycle of inflammation and cell death. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that account for the most deleterious effect of hepatic inflammation at the cellular level, that is, the initiation of a massive cell death response among hepatocytes.
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Abstract
Inflammation can be either beneficial or detrimental to the liver, depending on multiple factors. Mild (i.e., limited in intensity and destined to resolve) inflammatory responses have indeed been shown to exert consistent hepatoprotective effects, contributing to tissue repair and promoting the re-establishment of homeostasis. Conversely, excessive (i.e., disproportionate in intensity and permanent) inflammation may induce a massive loss of hepatocytes and hence exacerbate the severity of various hepatic conditions, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, systemic metabolic alterations (e.g., obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disorders), alcoholic hepatitis, intoxication by xenobiotics and infection, de facto being associated with irreversible liver damage, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Both liver-resident cells (e.g., Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells) and cells that are recruited in response to injury (e.g., monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells) emit pro-inflammatory signals including - but not limited to - cytokines, chemokines, lipid messengers, and reactive oxygen species that contribute to the apoptotic or necrotic demise of hepatocytes. In turn, dying hepatocytes release damage-associated molecular patterns that-upon binding to evolutionary conserved pattern recognition receptors-activate cells of the innate immune system to further stimulate inflammatory responses, hence establishing a highly hepatotoxic feedforward cycle of inflammation and cell death. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that account for the most deleterious effect of hepatic inflammation at the cellular level, that is, the initiation of a massive cell death response among hepatocytes.
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Lee JM, Jin HJ, Noh G, Lee SS. Effect of processed foods on serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein among children with atopic dermatitis. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:224-9. [PMID: 21779526 PMCID: PMC3133755 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.3.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in school-age children has increased in industrialized countries. As diet is one of the main factors provoking AD, some studies have suggested that food additives in processed foods could function as pseudoallergens, which comprise the non-immunoglobulin E-mediated reaction. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is an eosinophil granule protein released during allergic reactions to food allergens in patients with AD. Thus, serum ECP levels may be a useful indicator of ongoing inflammatory processes in patients with AD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consuming MSG in processed foods on serum ECP levels among children with AD. This study was performed with 13 patients with AD (age, 7-11 years) who had a normal range of total IgE levels (< 300 IU/ml). All participants ate normal diets during the first week. Then, six patients were allocated to a processed food-restricted group (PRDG) and seven patients were in a general diet group (GDG). During the second week, children in the PRDG and their parents were asked to avoid eating all processed foods. On the third week, children in the PRDG were allowed all foods, as were the children in the GDG throughout the 3-week period. The subjects were asked to complete a dietary record during the trial period. Children with AD who received the dietary restriction showed decreased consumption of MSG and decreased serum ECP levels and an improved SCORing score on the atopic dermatitis index (P < 0.05). No differences in serum ECP levels or MSG consumption were observed in the GDG. Serum total IgE levels were not changed in either group. In conclusion, a reduction in MSG intake by restricting processed food consumption may lead to a decrease in serum ECP levels in children with AD and improve AD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Jin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Geounwoong Noh
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
| | - Sang Sun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Figueredo-Silva J, Cavalcanti C, Montenegro LT, Norões J, Dreyer G. Diethylcarbamazine and non-diethylcarbamazine related bancroftian granuloma: an immunohistochemical study of eosinophil toxic proteins. Int J Biomed Sci 2010; 6:111-9. [PMID: 23675184 PMCID: PMC3614742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested, mostly using in vitro experiments, that defenses against parasites involve mainly activated eosinophils and their toxic proteins, such as major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO). Eosinophil degranulation has been described around degenerating onchocercal microfilariae in patients treated with diethylcarbamazine (DEC). In bancroftian filariasis, traditional histopathologic studies have shown remarkable numbers of eosinophils in granulomatous lesions associated with both DEC-induced and spontaneous death of adult Wuchereria bancrofti parasites. No immunohistochemical study targeting eosinophil degranulation has been previously performed in these granulomas, which are found mainly within intrascrotal lymphatic vessels. This investigation was undertaken in 22 (12 DEC-treated and 10 untreated) male patients in order to determine the immunohistochemical expressions of MBP, EPO and ECP in bancofitian granulomas, using the indirect method. Stained intact esosinophils, as well as granular, extra-cellular material positive for all three proteins, were found in all granulomas. The immunohistochemical patterns were similar in both DEC-treated and untreated cases, irrespective of microfilaremia, blood eosinophilia, and granuloma age. Positive intact cells were observed mostly at the periphery of the granulomas, whereas granular material predominated in central areas around dead or degenerating parasites. These results indicate that eosinophils accumulate in the granulomas and degranulate preferentially in close proximity to degenerating or dead adult parasites. In bancroftian granulomas, influx and degranulation of eosinophils are considered a consequence of parasite death, rather than its cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Figueredo-Silva
- Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa em Patologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Piauí, Brazil;
| | - Carmelita Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Luciano Tavares Montenegro
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Joaquim Norões
- Serviço de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil;,Núcleo de Ensino Pesquisa e Assistência em Filariose (NEPAF), Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Gerusa Dreyer
- Núcleo de Ensino Pesquisa e Assistência em Filariose (NEPAF), Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil;,Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Pernambuco, Brazil;,NGO Amaury Coutinho Rua Conselheiro Portela, 665, Sala 120, Espinheiro, Recife, 50670-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Kim HH, Lee MH, Lee JS. Eosinophil cationic protein and chemokines in nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and non-RSV bronchiolitis. J Korean Med Sci 2007; 22:37-42. [PMID: 17297249 PMCID: PMC2693566 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2007.22.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis is a risk factor for the development of childhood asthma. Eosinophilic inflammation in airways plays an important role in the pathophysiology of both bronchiolitis and asthma. To investigate this inflammation, we measured the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and eotaxin levels in nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS). Twenty-eight patients with RSV bronchiolitis (RSV group), 11 patients with non-RSV bronchiolitis (non-RSV group) and 7 controls were enrolled in this study. ECP, RANTES, and eotaxin levels were measured by enzyme immunoassays. The ECP level in the NPS of the RSV group was significantly higher than that in the NPS of the non-RSV group and controls. RANTES and eotaxin levels in infants with bronchiolitis were significantly higher than those in the controls, but there was no significant difference between the RSV and non-RSV groups. In conclusion, with regard to eosinophilic airway inflammation, as compared with non-RSV bronchiolitis, RSV bronchiolitis may be more similar to childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Sung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Leonidas DD, Chavali GB, Oikonomakos NG, Chrysina ED, Kosmopoulou MN, Vlassi M, Frankling C, Acharya KR. High-resolution crystal structures of ribonuclease A complexed with adenylic and uridylic nucleotide inhibitors. Implications for structure-based design of ribonucleolytic inhibitors. Protein Sci 2003; 12:2559-74. [PMID: 14573867 PMCID: PMC2366950 DOI: 10.1110/ps.03196603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structures of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) in complex with 3',5'-ADP, 2',5'-ADP, 5'-ADP, U-2'-p and U-3'-p have been determined at high resolution. The structures reveal that each inhibitor binds differently in the RNase A active site by anchoring a phosphate group in subsite P1. The most potent inhibitor of all five, 5'-ADP (Ki = 1.2 microM), adopts a syn conformation (in contrast to 3',5'-ADP and 2',5'-ADP, which adopt an anti), and it is the beta- rather than the alpha-phosphate group that binds to P1. 3',5'-ADP binds with the 5'-phosphate group in P1 and the adenosine in the B2 pocket. Two different binding modes are observed in the two RNase A molecules of the asymmetric unit for 2',5'-ADP. This inhibitor binds with either the 3' or the 5' phosphate groups in subsite P1, and in each case, the adenosine binds in two different positions within the B2 subsite. The two uridilyl inhibitors bind similarly with the uridine moiety in the B1 subsite but the placement of a different phosphate group in P1 (2' versus 3') has significant implications on their potency against RNase A. Comparative structural analysis of the RNase A, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and human angiogenin (Ang) complexes with these and other phosphonucleotide inhibitors provides a wealth of information for structure-based design of inhibitors specific for each RNase. These inhibitors could be developed to therapeutic agents that could control the biological activities of EDN, ECP, and ANG, which play key roles in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetres D Leonidas
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
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Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of kinins in the development of nasal hyperresponsiveness induced by platelet activating factor (PAF) in normal human subjects. 2. Intranasal administration of PAF, 60 micrograms, induced an increased responsiveness to histamine, 200 micrograms per nostril, 6 h later. This effect was abolished by pretreatment with the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists icatibant and [1-adamantaneacetyl-D-Arg0,Hyp3,beta-(2-thienyl)-Al a5,8,D-Phe7]-bradykinin ([Ad]-BK), both at 200 micrograms, every 2 h following PAF administration. 3. In a separate experiment, utilizing the same protocol, nasal lavage was used to measure the release of mediators into the nasal cavity following treatment with PAF. PAF increased the levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and kinin detected in the lavage samples, compared with a saline control. The levels of these mediators were reduced by pretreatment with either icatibant or [Ad]-BK. 4. Administration of lyso-PAF, 60 micrograms intranasally, did not cause a rise in kinin or ECP levels in nasal lavage fluid. 5. Exogenous bradykinin, 500 micrograms, or a saline control, applied topically to the nasal mucosa every 30 min for 2 h, failed to cause hyperresponsiveness to histamine. 6. We conclude that bradykinin itself does not cause hyperresponsiveness, but is involved in the hyperresponsiveness induced by PAF in the human nasal airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT
| | - J W Dear
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT
| | - J C Foreman
- Department of Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT
- Author for correspondence:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eosinophils play an important role in asthmatic airway inflammation collaborately with other inflammatory cells. The present study was aimed to determine whether the eosinophil activation markers in induced sputum reflect the clinical status in asthmatics. METHODS The clinical severity and FEV1 were measured. Hypertonic saline induced sputum was obtained from 25 asthmatics and ten control subjects. We processed freshly expectorated sputum separated from saliva by treatment with an equal volume of dithiothreitol 0.1%, cytospins for cell count and special stain, and a collection of the supernatant for biochemical assay. We used a fluoroimmunoassay to detect eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and a sandwich ELISA to detect interleukin (IL)-5. RESULTS Asthmatics, compared with control subjects, had a significantly higher proportion of eosinophils (25.6 +/- 4.6% vs 1.7 +/- 0.2%, p < 0.01) and higher levels of ECP (1117.8 +/- 213.9 micrograms/L vs 154.6 +/- 47.4 micrograms/L, p < 0.01) in their sputum. IL-5 was detected more frequently in asthmatics than in control subjects [11/25 (44%) vs 1/10 (10%), p < 0.05]. Moderate to severe asthmatics had a significantly higher proportion of eosinophils, higher levels of ECP and IL-5 compared to mild asthmatics. FEV1, FEV1/FVC were significantly correlated with the proportion of eosinophils and the levels of ECP and IL-5. Significant positive correlations were noted between the proportion of eosinophils and the level of ECP and IL-5. Sputum ECP level showed a significant positive correlation with IL-5 level. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that eosinophils and the eosinophil activation markers, such as ECP and IL-5 in induced sputum, are closely related to the clinical status in asthmatics. Induced sputum study may thus be useful in clinically measuring indices of airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam University Medical School, Chonnam University, Kwangju, Korea
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Greiff L, Andersson M, Svensson C, Linden M, Myint S, Persson CG. Allergen challenge-induced acute exudation of IL-8, ECP and alpha2-macroglobulin in human rhinovirus-induced common colds. Eur Respir J 1999; 13:41-7. [PMID: 10836321 PMCID: PMC7493005 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.99.13104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rhinovirus infections cause exacerbations of eosinophilic airway disease. The acute effects of allergen-challenge on nasal interleukin-8 (IL-8), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and alpha2-macroglobulin were examined in atopic subjects with common cold symptoms. Twenty-three patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were inoculated with human rhinovirus 16 outside the pollen season. Diluent and allergen challenges, followed by nasal lavages, were carried out about 3 months before and 4 days after virus inoculation. Seventeen patients developed significant common cold symptoms with increased nasal lavage fluid levels of alpha2-macroglobulin, IL-8, and ECP at baseline (p<0.001-0.05 versus before inoculation), and were further increased by allergen challenge (p< 0.001-0.05); IL-8 and ECP levels were correlated (r = 0.63, p<0.001). Before inoculation, the six patients who later did not develop common cold symptoms had high levels of IL-8 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and exhibited strong allergen-induced plasma exudation responses (alpha2-macroglobulin). After inoculation, IL-8 and ECP did not increase in these symptomless subjects. In conclusion, high nasal interleukin-8 and myeloperoxidase levels and exudative hyperresponsiveness may protect against infection. The association between nasal interleukin-8 and eosinophil cationic protein in common cold, particularly that observed in nasal lavage fluids after allergen-induced acute exudation of plasma, suggests the involvement of interleukin-8 in exacerbation of airway mucosal eosinophil activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Greiff
- Dept of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Kurtzhals JA, Reimert CM, Tette E, Dunyo SK, Koram KA, Akanmori BD, Nkrumah FK, Hviid L. Increased eosinophil activity in acute Plasmodium falciparum infection--association with cerebral malaria. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 112:303-7. [PMID: 9649195 PMCID: PMC1904959 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the eosinophil response to Plasmodium falciparum infection a cohort of initially parasite-free Ghanaian children was followed for 3 months. Seven of nine children who acquired an asymptomatic P. falciparum infection showed increase in eosinophil counts, while a decrease was found in seven of nine children with symptomatic malaria, and no change was observed in 14 children who remained parasite-free. In a hospital-based study, paediatric patients with cerebral malaria (CM), severe anaemia (SA), or uncomplicated malaria (UM) had uniformly low eosinophil counts during the acute illness followed by eosinophilia 30 days after cure. Plasma levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil protein X (EPX) were measured as indicators of eosinophil activation. In spite of the low eosinophil counts, ECP levels were increased on day 0 and significantly higher in patients with CM (geometric mean (95% confidence interval) 8.5 ng/ml (6.8-10.7 ng/ml)) than in SA (4.7 ng/ml (3.0-7.5 ng/ml)) and UM patients (4.3 ng/ml (3.6-5.3 ng/ml), P < 0.001). A similar pattern was found for EPX. It thus appears that the low eosinophil counts may be due to tissue sequestration and destruction rather than decreased production. The plasma levels of the granule proteins correlated with levels of tumour necrosis factor and soluble IL-2 receptor, implicating inflammatory responses and T cell activation as causes of the eosinophil activation. By contrast, the eosinophil induction did not appear to be part of a Th2-like response. Eosinophil granule proteins may be important in both control of malaria infection and the pathogenesis of severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kurtzhals
- Immunology Unit, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon
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