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Meng W, Zhang X, Hu X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Qu X, Abdel-Magid B. Mechanical Properties and Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Polylactic Acid Modified by Polyacrylic Elastomers and Cellulose Nanocrystals. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3767. [PMID: 37765621 PMCID: PMC10535822 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a polyacrylic elastomer latex with butyl acrylate (BA) as the core and methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymerized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as the shell, named poly(BA-MMA-GMA) (PBMG), was synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was dispersed in the polyacrylic latex to prepare PBMG/CNC dispersions with different CNC contents. The dried product was mixed with polylactic acid (PLA) to fabricate PLA/PBMG/CNC blends. The addition of PBMG and PBMG/CNC improved the mechanical properties of the PLA matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics. The Avrami equation modified by the Jeziorny, Ozawa and Mo equations was used to analyze the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PLA and its blends. Analysis of the crystallization halftime of non-isothermal conditions indicated that the overall rate of crystallization increased significantly at 1 wt% content of CNC. This seemed to result from the increase of nucleation density and the acceleration of segment movement in the presence of the CNC component. This phenomenon was verified by polarizing microscope observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Meng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (W.M.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (W.M.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiuli Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (W.M.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Jinghua Plastics Industry Co. Ltd., Langfang 065800, China;
| | - Jimin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (W.M.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiongwei Qu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (W.M.); (X.Z.); (X.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Beckry Abdel-Magid
- Department of Composite Materials Engineering, Winona State University, Winona, MN 55987, USA
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Li L, Hu L. Editorial: Liquid metal-based flexible bioelectronics and biointerfaces. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1254744. [PMID: 37600297 PMCID: PMC10433908 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1254744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liang Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Hussain J, Kim DK, Park S, Khalid MW, Hussain SS, Lee B, Song M, Kim TS. Porous Material (Titanium Gas Diffusion Layer) in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell/Electrolyzer: Fabrication Methods & GeoDict: A Critical Review. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4515. [PMID: 37444828 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a renewable energy source rapidly approaching commercial viability. The performance is significantly affected by the transfer of fluid, charges, and heat; gas diffusion layer (GDL) is primarily concerned with the consistent transfer of these components, which are heavily influenced by the material and design. High-efficiency GDL must have excellent thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, permeability, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical characteristics. The first step in creating a high-performance GDL is selecting the appropriate material. Therefore, titanium is a suitable substitute for steel or carbon due to its high strength-to-weight and superior corrosion resistance. The second crucial parameter is the fabrication method that governs all the properties. This review seeks to comprehend numerous fabrication methods such as tape casting, 3D printing, freeze casting, phase separation technique, and lithography, along with the porosity controller in each process such as partial sintering, input design, ice structure, pore agent, etching time, and mask width. Moreover, other GDL properties are being studied, including microstructure and morphology. In the future, GeoDict simulation is highly recommended for optimizing various GDL properties, as it is frequently used for other porous materials. The approach can save time and energy compared to intensive experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Hussain
- Industrial Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute for Rare Metals, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyeom Kim
- Korea Institute for Rare Metals, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Park
- Industrial Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute for Rare Metals, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad-Waqas Khalid
- Industrial Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute for Rare Metals, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayed-Sajid Hussain
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsuk Song
- Korea Institute for Rare Metals, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Industrial Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute for Rare Metals, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Sasany R, Yilmaz B. Marginal discrepancy and fracture load of thermomechanically fatigued crowns fabricated with different CAD-CAM techniques. J Prosthodont 2022. [PMID: 36254611 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of CAD-CAM technique (monolithic, CAD-on, or CAD-on cemented) and thermomechanical fatigue on the marginal discrepancy and fracture load of ceramic crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 90 brass master dies were fabricated to investigate marginal adaptation and fracture load. A mandibular first molar crown's median measurements were loaded into CAD software and divided into 2 crown design groups: Monolithic (M)(IPS e.max zirCAD)(n = 30) or CAD-on core (IPS e.max zirCAD) and lithium disilicate veneer (IPS e.max CAD) (n = 60). The crowns and cores were milled, seated on their respective dies, and marginal discrepancy values were measured by using microcomputed tomography. After veneers were milled, the cores in veneer groups were divided into 2 groups; veneers bonded with fusion glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD Crystal) in CAD-on group (CO) and CAD-on cemented group (CO-C) where veneers were cemented (RelyX U200) onto cores (CO-C). The marginal discrepancy measurements were remade and the crowns were subjected to thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) by using a chewing simulator and thermocycling (5-55°C, 1,200,000 cycles). Marginal discrepancy measurements were repeated and the crowns were subjected to fracture load test by using a universal test device. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference test (α = 0.05). RESULTS All crown groups had similar marginal discrepancy before veneering. Veneering and cementation on die increased the marginal discrepancy of crowns in cemented CAD-on group. Thermomechanical fatigue increased the marginal discrepancy of both CAD-on groups. Monolithic crown group had the lowest marginal discrepancy after thermomechanical fatigue (P<0.001), and the highest fracture load (P<0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Fabrication technique affected the marginal fit and fracture load of CAD-CAM crowns after thermomechanical fatigue. All crowns survived the thermomechanical fatigue test without dislodgement or fracture. Monolithic crowns had the best fit and highest fracture load after fatigue testing. The CAD-on systems had similar marginal discrepancies, and static loading reproduced veneer chipping. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Sasany
- Prosthodontist, Private Practice, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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Lin K, Chen C, Wang C, Lian P, Wang Y, Xue S, Sha J, Chen Y. Fabrication of solid-state nanopores. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:272003. [PMID: 35349996 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac622b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanopores are valuable single-molecule sensing tools that have been widely applied to the detection of DNA, RNA, proteins, viruses, glycans, etc. The prominent sensing platform is helping to improve our health-related quality of life and accelerate the rapid realization of precision medicine. Solid-state nanopores have made rapid progress in the past decades due to their flexible size, structure and compatibility with semiconductor fabrication processes. With the development of semiconductor fabrication techniques, materials science and surface chemistry, nanopore preparation and modification technologies have made great breakthroughs. To date, various solid-state nanopore materials, processing technologies, and modification methods are available to us. In the review, we outline the recent advances in nanopores fabrication and analyze the virtues and limitations of various membrane materials and nanopores drilling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Congsi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Lian
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Ministry of Education, School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Wang Y, Xuan Z, Chen T, Zhang J, Hao X, Wu L, Constantinou I, Zhao D. Progress in Perovskite Solar Cells towards Commercialization-A Review. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:6569. [PMID: 34772092 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced rapid development and have presented an excellent commercial prospect as the PSCs are made from raw materials that are readily and cheaply available depending on simple manufacturing techniques. However, the commercial production and utilization of PSCs remain immature, leading to substantial efforts needed to boost the development of scalable fabrication of PSCs, pilot scale tests, and the establishment of industrial production lines. In this way, the PSCs are expected to be successfully popularized from the laboratory to the photovoltaic market. In this review, the history of power conversion efficiency (PCE) for laboratory-scale PSCs is firstly introduced, and then some methods for maintaining high PCE in the upscaling process is displayed. The achievements in the stability and environmental friendliness of PSCs are also summarized because they are also of significance for commercialization. Finally, this review evaluates the commercialization prospects of PSCs from the economic view and provides a short outlook.
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Chen TW, Kalimuthu P, Anushya G, Chen SM, Mariyappan V, Ramachandran R. Recent Progress in the Development of Advanced Functionalized Electrodes for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: An Overview. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:4420. [PMID: 34442943 PMCID: PMC8400293 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Presently, the global energy demand for increasing clean and green energy consumption lies in the development of low-cost, sustainable, economically viable and eco-friendly natured electrochemical conversion process, which is a significant advancement in different morphological types of advanced electrocatalysts to promote their electrocatalytic properties. Herein, we overviewed the recent advancements in oxygen evolution reactions (OERs), including easy electrode fabrication and significant action in water-splitting devices. To date, various synthetic approaches and modern characterization techniques have effectively been anticipated for upgraded OER activity. Moreover, the discussed electrode catalysts have emerged as the most hopeful constituents and received massive appreciation in OER with low overpotential and long-term cyclic stability. This review article broadly confers the recent progress research in OER, the general mechanistic approaches, challenges to enhance the catalytic performances and future directions for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Palraj Kalimuthu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
| | - Ganesan Anushya
- Department of Physics, S.A.V. Sahaya Thai Arts and Science (Women) College, Sahayam Nagar, Kumarapuram Road, Vadakkankulam, Tirunelveli 627116, India;
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Vinitha Mariyappan
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Rasu Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, The Madura College, Vidya Nagar, Madurai 625011, India
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Aktas G, Guncu MB, Akcin ET, Cakan U, Canay S. Effect of Anti-Rotational Abutment Features and Novel Computerized Fabrication Techniques on the Marginal Fit of Implant-Supported Metal Copings. J Prosthodont 2020; 30:252-256. [PMID: 32964601 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An in vitro study to compare the marginal fit of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) metal copings fabricated with selective laser melting (SLM), computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling, and lost-wax (LW) techniques, on abutments with two different antirotational features. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 stainless steel abutments with the same length and convergence angles were fabricated using a numerical control machining. Half of the abutments had one flat plane, while the other half had three grooves as an antirotation feature. Thirty abutments of each kind were then divided into three subgroups, and metal copings were fabricated with SLM, CAD/CAM milling, or the LW technique (n = 10). The metal copings were cemented with polycarboxylate cement. Marginal gap measurements were performed using a stereomicroscope at a magnification of × 45 and data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. RESULTS The LW (p = 0.002) and CAD/CAM (p < 0.001) techniques exhibited increased marginal gaps on the abutments with a three groove antirotational feature; however, no significant difference was detected with the SLM technique (p = 0.259). The copings fabricated with the SLM technique demonstrated significantly lower gap values in both abutment types (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION While all marginal gap values were within the clinically acceptable range (<120 µm), abutments with more antirotational grooves exhibited wider marginal gaps with the LW and CAD/CAM techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guliz Aktas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Baris Guncu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Tuba Akcin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Cakan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senay Canay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Sadid-Zadeh R, Li R, Miller LM, Simon M. Effect of Fabrication Technique on the Marginal Discrepancy and Resistance of Lithium Disilicate Crowns: An In Vitro Study. J Prosthodont 2019; 28:1005-1010. [PMID: 30628147 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of fabrication technique on the marginal fit and resistance of lithium disilicate crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve ivorine molars were prepared to receive lithium disilicate crowns. The preparations were digitally recorded using an intraoral scanner, and the crowns were designed following the anatomy of an unprepared tooth using a design software. The designed crowns were fabricated using 3 techniques: (1) milling from lithium disilicate blocks using a 3-axis milling machine (3XM), (2) milling from lithium disilicate blocks using a 5-axis milling machine (5XM), and (3) milling from resin-wax billet using a 5-axis milling machine, followed by heat-pressing the pattern into lithium disilicate (5XWP). For the control group, the wax patterns were fabricated by one lab technician, and the crowns were fabricated by heat-pressing the pattern into lithium disilicate (CWP). After sintering, the crowns were secured on their associated preparations using an elastomeric material. The marginal gap of each crown was then measured at 14 defined locations through analyses of 20× images captured with a stereomicroscope. The marginal integrity and resistance to rotation of each crown were assessed by 2 calibrated practitioners. Differences in outcomes by fabrication technique were assessed using Wilcoxon, Kruskal Wallis, and Fisher's exact tests, as appropriate (α = 0.05). RESULTS Crowns fabricated using digital workflows (3XM, 5XM, 5XWP) had significantly smaller mean marginal gaps compared to the CWP group (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0002, p = 0.0001, respectively); however, 3XM group was the only group to exhibit significantly better marginal integrity than the CWP group (p = 0.0004). No significant difference (p = 0.6004) in the resistance to rotation of crowns was observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS Choice of fabrication technique and instrument may impact the marginal discrepancy of lithium disilicate crowns; however, all fabrication techniques analyzed produced crowns with acceptable marginal discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramtin Sadid-Zadeh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY
| | - Lorin M Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Michael Simon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY
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