1
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Tarantino G, Citro V. Could Adverse Effects of Antibiotics Due to Their Use/Misuse Be Linked to Some Mechanisms Related to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1993. [PMID: 38396671 PMCID: PMC10888279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, recently re-named metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic fatty liver disease, is considered the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. Its molecular initiation events are multiple and not always well-defined, comprising insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, gut dysbiosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of them acting on genetic and epigenetic grounds. Nowadays, there is a growing public health threat, which is antibiotic excessive use and misuse. This widespread use of antibiotics not only in humans, but also in animals has led to the presence of residues in derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. Furthermore, antibiotics have been used for many decades to control certain bacterial diseases in high-value fruit and vegetables. Recently, it has been emphasised that antibiotic-induced changes in microbial composition reduce microbial diversity and alter the functional attributes of the microbiota. These antibiotic residues impact human gut flora, setting in motion a chain of events that leads straight to various metabolic alterations that can ultimately contribute to the onset and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Medical School of Naples, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Citro
- Department of General Medicine, Umberto I Hospital, Nocera Inferiore (SA), 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy;
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2
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Singh S, Pereira J, Brandão T, Oliveira AL, Poças F. Recycling of polypropylene by supercritical carbon dioxide for extraction of contaminants from beverage cups. A comparison with polyethylene terephthalate and polylactic acid. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:1127-1138. [PMID: 36085567 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EU policies towards a circular economy address plastic packaging as one of the significant concerns and sets ambitious recycling targets. Polyolefins (POs) cannot be recycled for food contact using conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling approaches. Thermal degradation prevents the use of high temperatures and, consequently, decontamination of POs may be insufficient when using lower temperatures. Polypropylene (PP) beverage cups were decontaminated using supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide (scCO2 ). Decontamination efficiencies (DEs) of selected markers were determined in challenge tests following European Food Safety Authority guidelines. The effects of time (10-60 min) for PET, polylactic acid (PLA), and PP and temperature (60-80 °C) for PP were studied at constant pressure. The physical properties, sensorial properties, and overall migration of treated scCO2 PP were analysed and compared with virgin PP. RESULTS PP showed the highest average DE, and PET the lowest, for all the surrogates and in all time conditions. A relative increase in the DE with the increase in process time, particularly for PET and to some extent for PLA, was seen. For PP, no significant impact of time and temperature was observed under the conditions tested. The DE of volatile surrogates was higher than that of semi-volatiles. Results indicate that the scCO2 treatment did not affect the physical and sensorial properties, nor the overall migration of PP, although it contributes to a considerable reduction in extractable n < C24 alkanes. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that scCO2 can be used to decontaminate post-consumption PP beverage cups with higher DEs than those for PET and PLA, applying mild processing conditions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Singh
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Center for Quality and Food Safety (CINATE), Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joel Pereira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Center for Quality and Food Safety (CINATE), Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Brandão
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Leite Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Poças
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Center for Quality and Food Safety (CINATE), Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Wang X, Li H, Wang S, Martínez MA, Ares I, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Maximiliano JE. Tefluthrin: metabolism, food residues, toxicity, and mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:664-680. [PMID: 36625435 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2143320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tefluthrin is a Type I pyrethroid insecticide widely used all over the world. Residues of tefluthrin in various agricultural and animal-derived products may be related to potential human health risks. Tefluthrin metabolism in mammals involves hydrolysis of the ester bond to form cyclopropane acid and 4-methylbenzyl alcohol moieties, followed by oxidation. In this review manuscript, we provide crucial information regarding the toxicity of pyrethroids and propose natural antioxidants for amelioration poisoning in humans and animals. We call for the rational use of tefluthrin as an agrochemical product and for greater attention to the residual toxicity caused by tefluthrin in primary and succeeding crops. This greater attention is required given the global use of tefluthrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Houpeng Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, PR China
| | - Simeng Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, PR China
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain.,MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Montalvo-González E, Morales-Castro J, Gil JM. Editorial: Exploration of Underutilized Food Sources and By-products to Reduce Food Losses and Waste. Front Nutr 2021; 8:751788. [PMID: 34917642 PMCID: PMC8670377 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.751788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Morales-Castro
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Durango, Mexico
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5
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Yamaguchi KKL, Dias DS, Lamarão CV, Castelo KFA, Lima MS, Antonio AS, Converti A, Lima ES, Veiga-Junior VF. Amazonian Bacuri ( Platonia insignis Mart.) Fruit Waste Valorisation Using Response Surface Methodology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1767. [PMID: 34944411 PMCID: PMC8698816 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart) is a species from the Clusiaceae genus. Its fruit pulp is commonly used in South America in several food products, such as beverages, ice cream and candies. Only the pulp of the fruit is used, and the peels and seeds are considered waste from these industries. As a trioxygenated xanthone source, this species is of high interest for bioproduct development. This work evaluated the mesocarp and epicarp of bacuri fruits through different extraction methods and experimental conditions (pH, temperature and solvent) in order to determine the most effective method for converting this agro-industrial waste in a value-added bioproduct. Open-column procedures and HPLC and NMR experiments were performed to evaluate the chemical composition of the extracts, along with total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activities (sequestration of the DPPH and ABTS radicals). A factorial design and response surface methodology were used. The best extraction conditions of substances with antioxidant properties were maceration at 50 °C with 100% ethanol as solvent for mesocarp extracts, and acidic sonication in 100% ethanol for epicarp extracts, with an excellent phenolic profile and antioxidant capacities. The main compounds isolated were the prenylated benzophenones garcinielliptone FC (epicarp) and 30-epi-cambogin (mesocarp). This is the first study analysing the performance of extraction methods within bacuri agro-industrial waste. Results demonstrated that shells and seeds of bacuri can be used as phenolic-rich bioproducts obtained by a simple extraction method, increasing the value chain of this fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klenicy K. L. Yamaguchi
- Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas, Coari 69460-000, Brazil
| | - David S. Dias
- Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Victor Lamarão
- Agricultural Products Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, Brazil;
| | - Karen F. A. Castelo
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil; (K.F.A.C.); (M.S.L.)
| | - Max S. Lima
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil; (K.F.A.C.); (M.S.L.)
| | - Ananda S. Antonio
- Center for Forensic Analysis, Laboratory for the Support of Technological Development, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (NAF–LADETEC/IQ–UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil;
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, University of Genoa, I-16145 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Emerson S. Lima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Valdir F. Veiga-Junior
- Chemical Engineering Section, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
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6
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Portillo-López R, Morales-Contreras BE, Lozano-Guzmán E, Basilio-Heredia J, Muy-Rangel MD, Ochoa-Martínez LA, Rosas-Flores W, Morales-Castro J. Vegetable oils as green solvents for carotenoid extraction from pumpkin (Cucurbita argyrosperma Huber) byproducts: Optimization of extraction parameters. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3122-3136. [PMID: 34160063 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pumpkin pulp is the main waste generated by pumpkin seed growers. This agro-industrial waste is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, especially carotenoids (β-carotene, α-carotene, and lutein), which exhibit a broad spectrum of health-promoting effects. In this study, vegetable oils (canola, corn, and soybean oil) were used as green solvent alternatives to conventional organic solvents for carotenoid extraction from dried pumpkin pulp (DPP) waste. The highest carotenoid extraction yield (CEY) was obtained with canola oil, at a 1:10 DPP/oil ratio. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process parameters (temperature, time, and stirring rate) through a Box-Behnken design (BBD) maximizing CEY in canola oil. The extraction temperature and stirring rate were found to have a significant linear and quadratic effect, respectively, on CEY. Optimum conditions were achieved at 21.8 min, 250 rpm, and 60°C. Under these optimized conditions, the estimated value for CEY was 378.1 µg β-carotene equivalents/g of DPP, corresponding to 61.6% of the total carotenoid content present in the DPP. In contrast, the observed experimental value was 373.2 µg β-carotene equivalents/g of DPP (61.2%). The experimental value was very close to the estimated value, which verifies the model's adequacy and fit. This study shows an alternative method to extract carotenoids from DPP with canola oil, obtaining an oil naturally enriched with carotenoids that could be used as a potential functional ingredient in the development of food, cosmetics, and medicinal products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pumpkin by-products are a potential carotenoid source. Vegetable oil can be used as an alternative solvent for carotenoid extraction from pumpkin residues to obtain an enriched carotenoid oil that can be used to formulate food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Portillo-López
- TECNOLOGICO NACIONAL DE MEXICO/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango, 34000, Mexico
| | - Blanca E Morales-Contreras
- TECNOLOGICO NACIONAL DE MEXICO/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango, 34000, Mexico.,Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Lozano-Guzmán
- Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango. Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Av. Veterinaria s/n., Circuito Universitario, Col. Valle del Sur, Durango, Mexico
| | - José Basilio-Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán, México
| | - María D Muy-Rangel
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Col. Campo el Diez, Culiacán, México
| | - Luz A Ochoa-Martínez
- TECNOLOGICO NACIONAL DE MEXICO/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango, 34000, Mexico
| | - Walfred Rosas-Flores
- TECNOLOGICO NACIONAL DE MEXICO/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango, 34000, Mexico
| | - Juliana Morales-Castro
- TECNOLOGICO NACIONAL DE MEXICO/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango. Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., Durango, 34000, Mexico
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7
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Giamouri E, Pappas AC, Papadomichelakis G, Tsiplakou E, Sotirakoglou K, Markakis N, Galliou F, Manios T, Zentek J, Lasaridi K, Fegeros K, Zervas G. The food for feed concept. Performance of broilers fed hotel food residues. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:452-458. [PMID: 33511863 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1877258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. In recent times the use of food waste in animal diets has gained considerable attention because of the increasing demand to cover the needs of human population and the high prices of conventional, arable based, animal feeds.2. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of adding dried human food waste to the diet of meat-type chickens (broilers). Two hundred, one-day-old broilers were divided into two treatment groups, with 10 replicate pens containing 10 birds per pen. The duration of the study was 42 days. In the control (C), the diet did not contain any food waste, whereas in the second treatment (T) food waste residues from hotels made up 15% of the diet. Diets had similar crude protein and metabolisable energy content.3. Feed intake and body weight were recorded in order to calculate weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Carcase and breast muscle yield, the weight of selected internal organs and the level of selected biochemical and haematological parameters were determined. Quality of breast muscle meat was assessed.4. Broilers fed the control treatment consumed more feed and gained more weight compared to broilers fed waste; however, the FCR was similar. No major differences were seen for internal organ weights and haematological parameters, although some differences were observed in colour traits and shear force of meat. It was concluded that there is a potential for use of food waste in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giamouri
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A C Pappas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Papadomichelakis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K Sotirakoglou
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N Markakis
- Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - F Galliou
- Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - T Manios
- Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - J Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Lasaridi
- School of Environmental, Geography and Applied Economics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - K Fegeros
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Zervas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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8
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Righetti L, Dreolin N, Celma A, McCullagh M, Barknowitz G, Sancho JV, Dall’Asta C. Travelling Wave Ion Mobility-Derived Collision Cross Section for Mycotoxins: Investigating Interlaboratory and Interplatform Reproducibility. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:10937-10943. [PMID: 32870673 PMCID: PMC8154562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Parent and modified mycotoxin analysis remains a challenge because of their chemical diversity, the presence of isomeric forms, and the lack of analytical standards. The creation and application of a collision cross section (CCS) database for mycotoxins may bring new opportunities to overcome these analytical challenges. However, it is still an open question whether common CCS databases can be used independently from the instrument type and ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) technologies, which utilize different methodologies for determining the gas-phase mobility. Here, we demonstrated the reproducibility of CCS measurements for mycotoxins in an interlaboratory study (average RSD 0.14% ± 0.079) and across different traveling wave IM-MS (TWIMS) systems commercially available (ΔCCS% < 2). The separation in the drift time dimension of critical pairs of isomers for modified mycotoxins was also achieved. In addition, the comparison of measured and predicted CCS values, including regulated and emerging mycotoxins, was addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Righetti
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Dreolin
- Waters
Corporation, Altrincham
Road, SK9 4AX Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Celma
- Environmental
and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides
and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Mike McCullagh
- Waters
Corporation, Altrincham
Road, SK9 4AX Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Gitte Barknowitz
- Waters
Corporation, Altrincham
Road, SK9 4AX Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Juan V. Sancho
- Environmental
and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides
and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Chiara Dall’Asta
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Viale Delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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9
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Kosamu I, Kaonga C, Utembe W. A Critical Review of the Status of Pesticide Exposure Management in Malawi. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6727. [PMID: 32942751 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides pose a significant risk to humans and the environment. This paper analyzes the measures used to manage pesticides in Malawi. Malawi’s regulatory authority of pesticides, the Pesticides Control Board (PCB), faces a number of challenges including lack of facilities for analyzing pesticides and inadequate personnel to conduct risk assessment of pesticides. The PCB needs to provide access to information and opportunities among the public to make contributions regarding requirements, processes and policies for assessing pesticide risk and efficacy. There is also a need to enhance the capacity of PCB to assess pesticide poisoning in workers, monitor pesticide residues in food and environmental contamination, as well as to control the illegal importation and sale of pesticides. Just like in other countries such as South Africa, India and Sri Lanka, Malawi urgently needs to implement measures that can restrict the importation, production, sale and use of very toxic pesticides. Malawi also needs to develop measures for the effective management of pesticide waste containers as well as obsolete pesticides, where potential solutions include reducing the purchase of (unneeded) pesticides, treatment of obsolete pesticides in high-temperature cement kilns, as well as requesting pesticide dealers to adopt life-cycle management of their products.
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10
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Solomon KR. Estimated exposure to glyphosate in humans via environmental, occupational, and dietary pathways: an updated review of the scientific literature. Pest Manag Sci 2020; 76:2878-2885. [PMID: 31840380 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, but it has also been the focus of discussion and restrictions in several countries since it was declared 'probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A)' by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2015. Since that time, several regulatory agencies have reviewed the public literature and guideline studies submitted for regulatory purposes and have concluded that it is not a carcinogen, and revised acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and the reference dose (RfD) have been published. Also, restrictions on use have been lifted in many locations. Risk assessment for any pesticide requires knowledge of exposure in humans and the environment, and this paper is an update on a previous review in 2016 and includes papers published after 2016. These exposure data for air, water, bystanders, the general public, domesticated animals, pets, and applicators were combined and compared to the revised exposure criteria published by regulatory agencies. In all cases, measured and estimated systemic exposures to glyphosate in humans and animals were less than the ADIs and the RfD. Based on this large dataset, these exposures represent a de minimis risk. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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11
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Paz-Méndez AM, Lamas A, Vázquez B, Miranda JM, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Effect of Food Residues in Biofilm Formation on Stainless Steel and Polystyrene Surfaces by Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated from Poultry Houses. Foods 2017; 6:E106. [PMID: 29186017 PMCID: PMC5742774 DOI: 10.3390/foods6120106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is a major food-borne pathogen around the world. The ability of Salmonella to produce biofilm is one of the main obstacles in reducing the prevalence of these bacteria in the food chain. Most of Salmonella biofilm studies found in the literature used laboratory growth media. However, in the food chain, food residues are the principal source of nutrients of Salmonella. In this study, the biofilm formation, morphotype, and motility of 13 Salmonella strains belonging to three different subspecies and isolated from poultry houses was evaluated. To simulate food chain conditions, four different growth media (Tryptic Soy Broth at 1/20 dilution, milk at 1/20 dilution, tomato juice, and chicken meat juice), two different surfaces (stainless steel and polystyrene) and two temperatures (6 °C and 22 °C) were used to evaluate the biofilm formation. The morphotype, motility, and biofilm formation of Salmonella was temperature-dependent. Biofilm formation was significantly higher with 1/20 Tryptic Soy Broth in all the surfaces and temperatures tested, in comparison with the other growth media. The laboratory growth medium 1/20 Tryptic Soy Broth enhanced biofilm formation in Salmonella. This could explain the great differences in biofilm formation found between this growth medium and food residues. However, Salmonella strains were able to produce biofilm on the presence of food residues in all the conditions tested. Therefore, the Salmonella strain can use food residues to produce biofilm on common surfaces of the food chain. More studies combining more strains and food residues are necessary to fully understand the mechanism used by Salmonella to produce biofilm on the presence of these sources of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba María Paz-Méndez
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Carlos Manuel Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Varzakas T, Zakynthinos G, Verpoort F. Plant Food Residues as a Source of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. Foods 2016; 5:E88. [PMID: 28231183 PMCID: PMC5302437 DOI: 10.3390/foods5040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This chapter describes the use of different plant and vegetable food residues as nutraceuticals and functional foods. Different nutraceuticals are mentioned and explained. Their uses are well addressed along with their disease management and their action as nutraceutical delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Varzakas
- TEI Peloponnese, Department of Food Technology, Kalamata 24100, Greece.
- Department of Bioscience Bioengineering, Global Campus Songdo, Ghent University, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | | | - Francis Verpoort
- Department of Bioscience Bioengineering, Global Campus Songdo, Ghent University, 119 Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
- Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
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Parr MK, Blokland MH, Liebetrau F, Schmidt AH, Meijer T, Stanic M, Kwiatkowska D, Waraksa E, Sterk SS. Distinction of clenbuterol intake from drug or contaminated food of animal origin in a controlled administration trial - the potential of enantiomeric separation for doping control analysis. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:525-535. [PMID: 27690842 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1242169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of clenbuterol abuse and unintentional ingestion from contaminated meat is crucial with respect to the valuation of an adverse analytical finding in human sports doping control. The proportion of the two enantiomers of clenbuterol may serve as potential discriminating parameter. For the determination of the individual enantiomers, specific methods were developed and validated for the different matrices under investigation based on chiral chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Data are presented from the administration to humans of clenbuterol from a pharmaceutical preparation, and from cattle meat and liver containing residues. A shift in the proportion of the enantiomers in cattle meat is detected and this signature is also found in human urine after ingestion. Thus, an altered enantiomeric composition of clenbuterol may be used to substantiate athletes' claims following adverse analytical findings in doping control. However, in meat, the enantiomeric composition was found to be highly variable. Species as well as tissue dependent variances need to be considered in interpreting enantiomer discrimination. Analysis of post administration urines from a controlled experiment comparing the administration of racemic clenbuterol from a registered pharmaceutical preparation and the administration of residue-containing meat and liver (nonracemic mixture) from treated animals is reported. Furthermore doping control samples from Mexican U17 World Championship 2011 of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), with adverse analytical findings for clenbuterol, were re-analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kristina Parr
- a Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Marco H Blokland
- b Institute for Food Safety , RIKILT Wageningen UR , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Franz Liebetrau
- a Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Alexander H Schmidt
- a Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany.,c Chromicent GmbH , Berlin , Germany
| | - Thijs Meijer
- b Institute for Food Safety , RIKILT Wageningen UR , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | | | - Dorota Kwiatkowska
- d Department of Anti-Doping Research , Institute of Sport - National Research Institute , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Emilia Waraksa
- d Department of Anti-Doping Research , Institute of Sport - National Research Institute , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Saskia S Sterk
- b Institute for Food Safety , RIKILT Wageningen UR , Wageningen , Netherlands
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Mego M, Accarino A, Malagelada JR, Guarner F, Azpiroz F. Accumulative effect of food residues on intestinal gas production. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1621-8. [PMID: 26303858 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As mean transit time in the colon is longer than the interval between meals, several consecutive meal loads accumulate, and contribute to colonic biomass. Our aim was to determine the summation effect of fermentable food residues on intestinal gas production. METHODS In eight healthy subjects, the volume of endogenous intestinal gas produced in the intestine over a 4-h period was measured by means of a wash-out technique, using an exogenous gas infusion into the jejunum (24 mL/min) and collection of the effluent via a rectal Foley catheter. The exogenous gas infused was labeled (5% SF6 ) to calculate the proportion of endogenous intestinal gas evacuated. In each subject, four experiments were performed ≥1 week apart combining a 1-day high- or low-flatulogenic diet with a test meal or fast. KEY RESULTS Basal conditions: on the low-flatulogenic diet, intestinal gas production during fasting over the 4-h study period was 609 ± 63 mL. Effect of diet: during fasting, intestinal gas production on the high-flatulogenic diet was 370 ± 146 mL greater than on the low-flatulogenic diet (p = 0.040). Effect of test meal: on the low-flatulogenic diet, intestinal gas production after the test meal was 681 ± 114 mL greater than during fasting (p = 0.001); a similar effect was observed on the high-flatulogenic diet (599 ± 174 mL more intestinal gas production after the test meal than during fasting; p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our data demonstrate temporal summation effects of food residues on intestinal gas production. Hence, intestinal gas production depends on pre-existing and on recent colonic loads of fermentable foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mego
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - A Accarino
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - J-R Malagelada
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - F Guarner
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - F Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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