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Szczuko M, Drozd A, Maciejewska D, Zapałowska-Chwyć M, Stachowska E. Decrease in the Level of Nervonic Acid and Increased Gamma Linolenic Acid in the Plasma of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome after a Three-month Low-glycaemic Index and Caloric Reduction Diet. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:224-236. [PMID: 33817156 PMCID: PMC7874768 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains uncertain and thus dedicated studies are still of much importance. Patients in this group are at high risk for metabolic syndrome, diabetes and ischemic heart disease. Our goal was to use a dietary intervention, facilitating the regression of the disease, through the observation of lipid and hormonal profiles, carbohydrate metabolic parameters and metabolomics of plasma fatty acids. There were 39 Caucasian women with PCOS aged 26.76 ±5.08 that qualified for this study. Fatty acid profiles were investigated using gas chromatography. The results of plasma fatty acids were compared with the initial results and the control group. A three-month caloric reduction diet with low glycemic index (GI) reduces the level of nervonic acid and is a great alternative in PCOS therapy. The introduction of rapeseed oil and olive oil to the lowered GI reduction diet caused the increase in the ratio of average length chain fatty acids (C10:0, C14:0) and the enhancement of synthesis pathways for pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3n-6), but did not inhibit the synthesis of the derivatives of arachidic acid (C20:0). Additionally, a decrease in the level of nervonic acid (C24:1) was observed. Biochemical analysis of blood showed the improvement of plasma lipid fractions, but a significant reduction of androgen levels was not observed. A reduction diet with lowered GI lead to many positive effects in the improvement of the biochemical parameters of women with PCOS. It should be continued for a prolonged period of time, until the synthesis pathways for inflammatory factors are silenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, SzczecinPoland
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, SzczecinPoland
| | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, SzczecinPoland
| | - Marta Zapałowska-Chwyć
- Clinic of Gynecology and Urogynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, SzczecinPoland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, SzczecinPoland
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Cui H, Han F, Zhang L, Wang L, Kumar M. Gamma linolenic acid regulates PHD2 mediated hypoxia and mitochondrial apoptosis in DEN induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:4241-4252. [PMID: 30587920 PMCID: PMC6296206 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s178519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the known major health problems across the globe, and is sixth ranked among all cancer, due to its high mortality rate. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role in the formation of a cell membrane, along with the fluidity of the membrane and proteins. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is member of the ω-6 family of PUFAs and converts into the arachidonic acid via a series of elongation and desaturation reactions. The aim of the current investigation was to scrutinize the effect of GLA on mitochondrial mediated apoptosis and anti-inflammatory pathway against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced HCC. Materials and methods Chemical carcinogenesis in Wistar rats was introduced by an intra-peritoneal dose of DEN (200 mg/kg). The rats received the various doses of GLA for 22 weeks. The progressions of serum biomarkers and histopathology components of hepatic tissue were used to access the prophylactic effects. The antioxidant parameters, cancer preventive agent status, and apoptosis mechanism were reviewed to scrutinize the possible mechanism. Results Dose-dependent treatment of GLA significantly (P<−0.001) modulated the hepatic nodules, hepatic, body weight, antioxidant, and non-hepatic parameters. Curiously, the Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting showed the GLA altered reduced the hypoxic microenvironment, mitochondrial mediated death apoptosis, and anti-inflammsatory pathways. Conclusion On the basis of the above results, we can conclude that the GLA exhibited a chemo-protective effect against DEN induced HCC that might be due to the altered hypoxic microenvironment, mitochondrial mediated death apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory pathway, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Chandra Shekhar Singh College of Pharmacy, Allahabad, India,
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Jubie S, Dhanabal P, Afzal Azam M, Muruganantham N, Kalirajan R, Elango K. Synthesis and characterization of some novel fatty acid analogues: a preliminary investigation on their activity against human lung carcinoma cell line. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:45. [PMID: 23537396 PMCID: PMC3621780 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preparation of some novel heterocyclic compounds with long alkyl and alkenyl chain of cytotoxic activity. METHODS Gamma linolenic acid, a poly unsaturated fatty acid and stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid were isolated from the microalga Spirulina platensis. Some novel gamma linolenic acid and stearic acid analogues having 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated by the growth inhibition of A-549 cells in-vitro. RESULTS Compound 1 and 3 showed comparable cytotoxicity against the human lung carcinoma A-549 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jubie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Rock lands, Ooty 643 001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Palanisamy Dhanabal
- Department of Phytopharmacy and Phytomedicine, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohammed Afzal Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Rock lands, Ooty 643 001, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Rajagopal Kalirajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Rock lands, Ooty 643 001, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kannan Elango
- Department of Phytopharmacy and Phytomedicine, JSS College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) on inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in mesangial and tubular epithelial cells under diabetic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with either a diluent [n=16, control (C)] or streptozotocin [n=16, diabetes (DM)], and eight rats each from the control and diabetic groups were treated with evening primrose oil by gavage for three months. Rat mesangial cells and NRK-52E cells were exposed to medium containing 5.6 mM glucose and 30 mM glucose (HG), with or without GLA (10 or 100 μM). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and fibronectin (FN) mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-four-hour urinary albumin excretion was significantly increased in DM compared to C rats, and GLA treatment significantly reduced albuminuria in DM rats. ICAM-1, MCP-1, FN mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in DM than in C kidneys, and these increases were significantly abrogated by GLA treatment. In vitro, GLA significantly inhibited increases in MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein levels under high glucose conditions in HG-stimulated mesangial and tubular epithelial cells (p<0.05, respectively). ICAM-1 and FN expression showed a similar pattern to the expression of MCP-1. CONCLUSION GLA attenuates not only inflammation by inhibiting enhanced MCP-1 and ICAM-1 expression, but also ECM accumulation in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Ha Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jae Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jwa-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Itoh S, Taketomi A, Harimoto N, Tsujita E, Rikimaru T, Shirabe K, Shimada M, Maehara Y. Antineoplastic effects of gamma linolenic Acid on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 47:81-90. [PMID: 20664735 PMCID: PMC2901768 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and the mechanism of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) treatment on human hepatocellular (HCC) cell lines. The human HCC cell line HuH7 was exposed to GLA. Cell proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation including lipid peroxidation and apoptosis were compared. We then used a cDNA microarray analysis to investigate the molecular changes induced by GLA. GLA treatment significantly reduced cell proliferation, generated ROS, and induced apoptosis. After 24 h exposure of Huh7 cells to GLA, we identified several genes encoding the antioxidant proteins to be upregulated: heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), aldo-keto reductase 1 family C1 (AKR1C1), C4 (AKR1C4), and thioredoxin (Trx). The HO-1 protein levels were overexpressed in Huh7 cells after GLA exposure using a Western blot analysis. Furthermore, chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP), an inhibitor of HO activity, significantly potentiated GLA cytotoxicity. GLA treatment has induced cell growth inhibition, ROS generation including lipid peroxidation, and HO-1 production for antioxidant protection against oxidative stress caused by GLA in Huh7 cells. GLA treatment should be considered as a therapeutic modality in patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Fregolente PBL, Fregolente LV, Maciel MRW, Carvalho PO. Screening of microbial lipases and evalutaion of their potential to produce glycerides with high gamma linolenic acid concentration. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:747-56. [PMID: 24031421 PMCID: PMC3768573 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822009000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3, cis- 6,9,12- octadecatrienoic acid), an important compound in n- 6 eicosanoid family biosynthesis, occurs in the lipids of a few plant and microbial sources. This study focused on the screening of microbial strains with suitable lipase activity for enrichment of GLA by selective hydrolysis of the borage oil (21.6 % of GLA/total fatty acids). Firstly, 352 microrganisms were tested for their lipolytic capacity using screening techniques on agar plates containing borage oil, strains were then selected and screened for their activity (U/mg) using both submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid state fermentation (SSF). The rate of hydrolysis and the selective preference of these hydrolytic enzymes towards fatty acids, with a special focus on enrichment of GLA were studied and compared with those obtained by two commercially-available lipases. Only one of the lipases tested during this study displayed selectivity, discriminating the GLA during the hydrolysis reaction. Using the enzymatic extract from Geotrichum candidum as a biocatalyst of the reaction, it was possible to obtain a percentage of 41.7% of GLA in acylglycerols fraction when the borage oil was treated in a fixed-bed reactor for 24 hours at 30ºC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia B L Fregolente
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Departamento de Processos Químicos , Campinas, SP , Brasil
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Tauson AH, Neil M, Forsberg M. Effect of evening primrose oil as food supplement on reproduction in the mink. Acta Vet Scand 1991; 32:337-44. [PMID: 1814183 PMCID: PMC8127915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of addition of evening primrose oil (EPO) to a mink diet in the breeding season on the reproductive performance and kit and female performance during the lactation period were investigated in an experiment with 4 groups of male and female mink. Matings were carried out so that control males were mated to both control and supplemented females. Similarly, supplemented males mated both control and supplemented females. Reproductive results were evaluated both on a group basis and as an effect of male or female treatment, respectively. After males supplemented with EPO, there was a tendency for reduced rate of stillborn kits and kit losses during the first 21 days of life. These effects could not be explained physiologically. Female treatment did not affect reproductive performance, but there was a tendency for lower weight losses during lactation for EPO-supplemented females. Kit performance during the lactation period was independent of experimental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Tauson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Funbo-Lövsta Research Station, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tauson AH, Forsberg M. Effect of evening primrose oil as food supplement on reproduction in the blue fox. Acta Vet Scand 1991; 32:345-51. [PMID: 1814184 PMCID: PMC8127905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of evening primrose oil (EPO) to a blue fox diet in the reproduction period was evaluated in an experiment with 2 groups, each of 12 male and 25 female blue foxes, regarding the effects on reproductive performance. The experiment was carried out as a field trial and the experimental period lasted from March 10 until the end of the mating season (males) or early July (females). During this period the control group was fed the standard diet of the farm and the experimental group was fed the same diet supplemented with 4.5 g EPO and 2.5 mg zinc sulphate per animal and day. An addition of 10 mg vitamin E per 500 mg EPO was made. The results were evaluated regarding male and female treatment effects. There was an increased rate of abortions in the EPO-group, but simultaneously a non-significant decrease in the frequency of barren females, resulting in a similar level of females without litters in both groups. A tendency for increased litter size in the EPO group was found, mainly as an effect of male treatment, which might indicate an effect on semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Tauson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Funbo-Lövsta Research Station, Uppsala, Sweden
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