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Vicente R, Vergara-Díaz O, Uberegui E, Martínez-Peña R, Morcuende R, Kefauver SC, López-Cristoffanini C, Aparicio N, Serret MD, Araus JL. Non-foliar photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation influence grain yield in durum wheat regardless of water conditions. J Exp Bot 2024:erae064. [PMID: 38400803 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
There is a need to generate improved crop varieties adapted to the ongoing changes in the climate. We studied durum wheat canopy and central metabolism of six different photosynthetic organs in two yield-contrasting varieties. The aim was to understand the mechanisms associated with the water stress response and yield performance. Water stress strongly reduced grain yield, plant biomass and leaf photosynthesis, and downregulated C/N-metabolism genes and key protein levels, which occurred mainly in leaf blades. By contrast, higher yield was associated with high ear dry weight and lower biomass and ears per area, highlighting the advantage of reduced tillering and its consequent improvement in sink strength that promoted C/N metabolism at the whole plant level. An improved C metabolism in blades and ear bracts and N assimilation in all photosynthetic organs facilitated C/N remobilisation to the grain and promoted yield. Therefore, we propose that further yield gains in Mediterranean conditions could be achieved by considering the source-sink dynamics and the contribution of non-foliar organs, particularly N assimilation and remobilisation during the late growth stages. We highlight the power of linking phenotyping with plant metabolism to identify novel traits at the whole plant level to support breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Vicente
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Omar Vergara-Díaz
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Estefanía Uberegui
- Genetics and Genomics of Plant Complex Traits, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Raquel Martínez-Peña
- Cereals Group, Section of Herbaceous, Agro-technological Institute of Castilla y León, Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Department of Abiotic Stress, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Shawn C Kefauver
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Camilo López-Cristoffanini
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Aparicio
- Cereals Group, Section of Herbaceous, Agro-technological Institute of Castilla y León, Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Serret
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - José Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
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Martínez-Peña R, Schlereth A, Höhne M, Encke B, Morcuende R, Nieto-Taladriz MT, Araus JL, Aparicio N, Vicente R. Source-Sink Dynamics in Field-Grown Durum Wheat Under Contrasting Nitrogen Supplies: Key Role of Non-Foliar Organs During Grain Filling. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:869680. [PMID: 35574116 PMCID: PMC9100808 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The integration of high-throughput phenotyping and metabolic approaches is a suitable strategy to study the genotype-by-environment interaction and identify novel traits for crop improvement from canopy to an organ level. Our aims were to study the phenotypic and metabolic traits that are related to grain yield and quality at canopy and organ levels, with a special focus on source-sink coordination under contrasting N supplies. Four modern durum wheat varieties with contrasting grain yield were grown in field conditions under two N fertilization levels in north-eastern Spain. We evaluated canopy vegetation indices taken throughout the growing season, physiological and metabolic traits in different photosynthetic organs (flag leaf blade, sheath, peduncle, awn, glume, and lemma) at anthesis and mid-grain filling stages, and agronomic and grain quality traits at harvest. Low N supply triggered an imbalance of C and N coordination at the whole plant level, leading to a reduction of grain yield and nutrient composition. The activities of key enzymes in C and N metabolism as well as the levels of photoassimilates showed that each organ plays an important role during grain filling, some with a higher photosynthetic capacity, others for nutrient storage for later stages of grain filling, or N assimilation and recycling. Interestingly, the enzyme activities and sucrose content of the ear organs were positively associated with grain yield and quality, suggesting, together with the regression models using isotope signatures, the potential contribution of these organs during grain filling. This study highlights the use of holistic approaches to the identification of novel targets to improve grain yield and quality in C3 cereals and the key role of non-foliar organs at late-growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martínez-Peña
- Group of Cereals, Section of Herbaceous, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Höhne
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Beatrice Encke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Aparicio
- Group of Cereals, Section of Herbaceous, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Oeiras, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Rubén Vicente
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Velázquez L, Alberdi I, Paz C, Aguirrezábal L, Pereyra Irujo G. Biomass Allocation Patterns Are Linked to Genotypic Differences in Whole-Plant Transpiration Efficiency in Sunflower. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1976. [PMID: 29204153 PMCID: PMC5698287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased transpiration efficiency (the ratio of biomass to water transpired, TE) could lead to increased drought tolerance under some water deficit scenarios. Intrinsic (i.e., leaf-level) TE is usually considered as the primary source of variation in whole-plant TE, but empirical data usually contradict this assumption. Sunflower has a significant variability in TE, but a better knowledge of the effect of leaf and plant-level traits could be helpful to obtain more efficient genotypes for water use. The objective of this study was, therefore, to assess if genotypic variation in whole-plant TE is better related to leaf- or plant-level traits. Three experiments were conducted, aimed at verifying the existence of variability in whole-plant TE and whole-plant and leaf-level traits, and to assess their correlation. Sunflower public inbred lines and a segregating population of recombinant inbred lines were grown under controlled conditions and subjected to well-watered and water-deficit treatments. Significant genotypic variation was found for TE and related traits. These differences in whole-plant transpiration efficiency, both between genotypes and between plants within each genotype, showed no association to leaf-level traits, but were significantly and negatively correlated to biomass allocation to leaves and to the ratio of leaf area to total biomass. These associations are likely of a physiological origin, and not only a consequence of genetic linkage in the studied population. These results suggest that genotypic variation for biomass allocation could be potentially exploited as a source for increased transpiration efficiency in sunflower breeding programmes. It is also suggested that phenotyping for TE in this species should not be restricted to leaf-level measurements, but also include measurements of plant-level traits, especially those related to biomass allocation between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Alberdi
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Cosme Paz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Luis Aguirrezábal
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Pereyra Irujo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Poret M, Chandrasekar B, van der Hoorn RAL, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Avice JC. Proteomic Investigations of Proteases Involved in Cotyledon Senescence: A Model to Explore the Genotypic Variability of Proteolysis Machinery Associated with Nitrogen Remobilization Efficiency during the Leaf Senescence of Oilseed Rape. Proteomes 2017; 5:E29. [PMID: 29099081 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed rape is characterized by a low nitrogen remobilization efficiency during leaf senescence, mainly due to a lack of proteolysis. Because cotyledons are subjected to senescence, it was hypothesized that contrasting protease activities between genotypes may be distinguishable early in the senescence of cotyledons. To verify this assumption, our goals were to (i) characterize protease activities in cotyledons between two genotypes with contrasting nitrogen remobilization efficiency (Ténor and Samouraï) under limiting or ample nitrate supply; and (ii) test the role of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in proteolysis regulation. Protease activities were measured and identified by a proteomics approach combining activity-based protein profiling with LC-MS/MS. As in senescing leaves, chlorophyll and protein contents decrease in senescing cotyledons and are correlated with an increase in serine and cysteine protease activities. Two RD21-like and SAG-12 proteases previously associated with an efficient proteolysis in senescing leaves of Ténor are also detected in senescing cotyledons. The infiltration of ABA and SA provokes the induction of senescence and several cysteine and serine protease activities. The study of protease activities during the senescence of cotyledons seems to be a promising experimental model to investigate the regulation and genotypic variability of proteolysis associated with efficient N remobilization.
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Medina S, Vicente R, Amador A, Araus JL. Interactive Effects of Elevated [CO 2] and Water Stress on Physiological Traits and Gene Expression during Vegetative Growth in Four Durum Wheat Genotypes. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1738. [PMID: 27920787 PMCID: PMC5118623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of elevated [CO2] and water stress will have an effect on the adaptation of durum wheat to future climate scenarios. For the Mediterranean basin these scenarios include the rising occurrence of water stress during the first part of the crop cycle. In this study, we evaluated the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and moderate to severe water stress during the first part of the growth cycle on physiological traits and gene expression in four modern durum wheat genotypes. Physiological data showed that elevated [CO2] promoted plant growth but reduced N content. This was related to a down-regulation of Rubisco and N assimilation genes and up-regulation of genes that take part in C-N remobilization, which might suggest a higher N efficiency. Water restriction limited the stimulation of plant biomass under elevated [CO2], especially at severe water stress, while stomatal conductance and carbon isotope signature revealed a water saving strategy. Transcript profiles under water stress suggested an inhibition of primary C fixation and N assimilation. Nevertheless, the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and water stress depended on the genotype and the severity of the water stress, especially for the expression of drought stress-responsive genes such as dehydrins, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. The network analysis of physiological traits and transcript levels showed coordinated shifts between both categories of parameters and between C and N metabolism at the transcript level, indicating potential genes and traits that could be used as markers for early vigor in durum wheat under future climate change scenarios. Overall the results showed that greater plant growth was linked to an increase in N content and expression of N metabolism-related genes and down-regulation of genes related to the antioxidant system. The combination of elevated [CO2] and severe water stress was highly dependent on the genotypic variability, suggesting specific genotypic adaptation strategies to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Medina
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid TropicsPatancheru, India
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Amaya Amador
- Unitat de Genòmica, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Araus
- Integrative Crop Ecophysiology Group, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Biology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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Girondé A, Poret M, Etienne P, Trouverie J, Bouchereau A, Le Cahérec F, Leport L, Orsel M, Niogret MF, Deleu C, Avice JC. A profiling approach of the natural variability of foliar N remobilization at the rosette stage gives clues to understand the limiting processes involved in the low N use efficiency of winter oilseed rape. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:2461-73. [PMID: 25792758 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape, a crop requiring a high level of nitogen (N) fertilizers, is characterized by low N use efficiency. To identify the limiting factors involved in the N use efficiency of winter oilseed rape, the response to low N supply was investigated at the vegetative stage in 10 genotypes by using long-term pulse-chase (15)N labelling and studying the physiological processes of leaf N remobilization. Analysis of growth and components of N use efficiency allowed four profiles to be defined. Group 1 was characterized by an efficient N remobilization under low and high N conditions but by a decrease of leaf growth under N limitation. Group 2 showed a decrease in leaf growth under low N supply that was associated with a low N remobilization efficiency under both N supplies despite a high remobilization of soluble proteins. In response to N limitation, Group 3 is characterized by an increase in N use efficiency and leaf N remobilization compared with high N that is not sufficient to sustain the leaf biomass production at a similar level to non-limited plants. Genotypes of Group 4 subjected to low nitrate were able to maintain leaf growth to the same level as under high N. The profiling approach indicated that enhancement of amino acid export and soluble protein degradation was crucial for N remobilization improvement. At the whole-plant level, N fluxes revealed that Group 4 showed a high N remobilization in source leaves combined with a better N utilization in young leaves. Consequently, an enhanced N remobilization limits N loss in fallen leaves, but this remobilized N needs to be efficiently utilized in young leaves to improve N use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Girondé
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Marine Poret
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Philippe Etienne
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Jacques Trouverie
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Alain Bouchereau
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Françoise Le Cahérec
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Laurent Leport
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Mathilde Orsel
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France Université d'Angers, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L'UNAM, F-49045 Angers, France AgroCampus-Ouest, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Niogret
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Carole Deleu
- INRA, UMR 1349 Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14032 Caen, France UCBN, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France INRA, UMR INRA-UCBN 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & Nutritions N.C.S., F-14032 Caen, France
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Moreau D, Schneider C, Huguet T, Salon C, Munier-Jolain N. Can differences of nitrogen nutrition level among Medicago truncatula genotypes be assessed non-destructively?: Probing with a recombinant inbred lines population. Plant Signal Behav 2009; 4:30-2. [PMID: 19704700 PMCID: PMC2634065 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.1.7223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The international consensus on Medicago truncatula as a model system has lead to the development of powerful approaches for dissecting the genetic and molecular bases of legume nitrogen nutrition. However, such approaches now come up against a poor knowledge of the phenotypic traits that should be used for the large-scale screening of the genotypic variability associated with nitrogen nutrition. This issue was unravelled in a previous report, in which an ecophysiological approach allowed a better understanding of the relationships between plant nitrogen nutrition and plant growth traits, for the model symbiotic association between M. truncatula cv. Jemalong and Rhizobium meliloti strain 2011. From this analysis, phenotypic traits were identified as potentially relevant for the large-scale screening of the genotypic variability. Here, by the phenotyping of a recombinant inbred lines population, we show that the proposed methodology provides a valuable support for assisting the detection of genetic variants affected for nitrogen uptake. Especially, the relative expansion rate of plant leaf area is identified as a good proxy for ranking genotypes according to their ability to uptake nitrogen in given environmental conditions. As leaf area can be measured non-destructively, such finding should pave the way for a more efficient evaluation of the genotypic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Moreau
- INRA; UMR Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses; Dijon France
| | - Charles Schneider
- INRA; UMR Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses; Dijon France
| | - Thierry Huguet
- INP-ENSAT; Laboratoire Symbioses et Pathologies des Plantes; Pole de Biotechnologie Végétale; Avenue de l'Agrobiopole; Auzeville France
| | - Christophe Salon
- INRA; UMR Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses; Dijon France
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Louarn G, Guedon Y, Lecoeur J, Lebon E. Quantitative analysis of the phenotypic variability of shoot architecture in two grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivars. Ann Bot 2007; 99:425-37. [PMID: 17204533 PMCID: PMC2802955 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant architecture and its interaction with agronomic practices and environmental constraints are determinants of the structure of the canopy, which is involved in carbon acquisition and fruit quality development. A framework for the quantitative analysis of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) shoot architecture, based on a set of topological and geometrical parameters, was developed for the identification of differences between cultivars and the origins of phenotypic variability. METHODS Two commercial cultivars ('Grenache N', 'Syrah') with different shoot architectures were grown in pots, in well-irrigated conditions. Shoot topology was analysed, using a hidden semi-Markov chain and variable-order Markov chains to identify deviations from the normal pattern of succession of phytomer types (P0-P1-P2), together with kinematic analysis of shoot axis development. Shoot geometry was characterized by final internode and individual leaf area measurements. KEY RESULTS Shoot architecture differed significantly between cultivars. Secondary leaf area and axis length were greater for 'Syrah'. Secondary leaf area distribution along the main axis also differed between cultivars, with secondary leaves preferentially located towards the basal part of the shoot in 'Syrah'. The main factors leading to differences in leaf area between the cultivars were: (a) slight differences in main shoot structure, with the supplementary P0 phytomer on the lower part of the shoot in 'Grenache N', which bears a short branch; and (b) an higher rate and duration of development of branches bearing by P1-P2 phytomers related to P0 ones at the bottom of the shoot in 'Syrah'. Differences in axis length were accounted for principally by differences in individual internode morphology, with 'Syrah' having significantly longer internodes. This trait, together with a smaller shoot diameter, may account for the characteristic 'droopy' habit of 'Syrah' shoots. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the architectural parameters involved in the phenotypic variability of shoot architecture in two grapevine cultivars. Differences in primary shoot structure and in branch development potential accounted for the main differences in leaf area distribution between the two cultivars. By contrast, shoot shape seemed to be controlled by differences in axis length due principally to differences in internode length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Louarn
- INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR759 LEPSE, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Guedon
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP and INRIA, Virtual Plants, TA 40/PS2, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremie Lecoeur
- INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR759 LEPSE, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Lebon
- INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR759 LEPSE, 2 place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier, France
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Padilla JM, Otegui ME. Co-ordination between leaf initiation and leaf appearance in field-grown maize (Zea mays): genotypic differences in response of rates to temperature. Ann Bot 2005; 96:997-1007. [PMID: 16126778 PMCID: PMC4247088 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In maize (Zea mays), early flowering date, which is a valuable trait for several cropping systems, is associated with the number of leaves per plant and the leaf appearance rate. Final leaf number depends upon the rate and duration of leaf initiation. The aims of this study were to analyse the genotypic variation in the response to temperature of leaf appearance rate and leaf initiation rate, and to investigate the co-ordination between these processes under field conditions. METHODS Sixteen hybrids of different origins were grown under six contrasting environmental conditions. The number of appeared leaves was measured twice a week to estimate leaf appearance rate (leaves d(-1)). Plants were dissected at four sampling dates to determine the number of initiated leaves and estimate leaf initiation rate (leaves d(-1)). A co-ordination model was fitted between the number of initiated leaves and the number of appeared leaves. This model was validated using two independent data sets. KEY RESULTS Significant (P < 0.05) differences were found among hybrids in the response to temperature of leaf initiation rate (plastochron) and leaf appearance rate (phyllochron). Plastochron ranged between 24.3 and 36.4 degree days (degrees Cd), with a base temperature (Tb) between 4.0 and 8.2 degrees C. Phyllochron ranged between 48.6 and 65.5 degrees Cd, with a Tb between 2.9 and 5.0 degrees C. A single co-ordination model was fitted between the two processes for all hybrids and environments (r2= 0.96, P < 0.0001), and was successfully validated (coefficient of variation < 9 %). CONCLUSIONS This work has established the existence of genotypic variability in leaf initiation rate and leaf appearance rate in response to temperature, which is a promising result for maize breeding; and the interdependence between these processes from seedling emergence up to floral initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Padilla
- Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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