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Agudelo JP, Kim Y, Agarwal S, Sriram R, Bok R, Kurhanewicz J, Mattis AN, Maher JJ, von Morze C, Ohliger MA. Hyperpolarized [1- 13 C] pyruvate MRSI to detect metabolic changes in liver in a methionine and choline-deficient diet rat model of fatty liver disease. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1625-1636. [PMID: 38115605 PMCID: PMC11032123 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an important cause of chronic liver disease. There are limited methods for monitoring metabolic changes during progression to steatohepatitis. Hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI (HP 13 C MRSI) was used to measure metabolic changes in a rodent model of fatty liver disease. METHODS Fifteen Wistar rats were placed on a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 1-18 weeks. HP 13 C MRSI, T2 -weighted imaging, and fat-fraction measurements were obtained at 3 T. Serum aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, and triglycerides were measured. Animals were sacrificed for histology and measurement of tissue lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. RESULTS Animals lost significant weight (13.6% ± 2.34%), an expected characteristic of the MCD diet. Steatosis, inflammation, and mild fibrosis were observed. Liver fat fraction was 31.7% ± 4.5% after 4 weeks and 22.2% ± 4.3% after 9 weeks. Lactate-to-pyruvate and alanine-to-pyruvate ratios decreased significantly over the study course; were negatively correlated with aspartate aminotransaminase and alanine aminotransaminase (r = -[0.39-0.61]); and were positively correlated with triglycerides (r = 0.59-0.60). Despite observed decreases in hyperpolarized lactate signal, LDH activity increased by a factor of 3 in MCD diet-fed animals. Observed decreases in lactate and alanine hyperpolarized signals on the MCD diet stand in contrast to other studies of liver injury, where lactate and alanine increased. Observed hyperpolarized metabolite changes were not explained by alterations in LDH activity, suggesting that changes may reflect co-factor depletion known to occur as a result of oxidative stress in the MCD diet. CONCLUSION HP 13 C MRSI can noninvasively measure metabolic changes in the MCD model of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Piraquive Agudelo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shubhangi Agarwal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aras N. Mattis
- University of California, San Francisco, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacquelyn J. Maher
- University of California, San Francisco, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Ohliger MA, Gordon JW, Carvajal L, Larson PEZ, Ou JJ, Agarwal S, Zhu Z, Vigneron DB, von Morze C. 55 Mn-based fiducial markers for rapid and automated RF coil localization for hyperpolarized 13 C MRI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:518-530. [PMID: 32738073 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To use fiducial markers containing manganese 55 to rapidly localize carbon 13 (13 C) RF coils for correcting images for B1 variation. METHODS Hollow high-density polyethylene spheres were filled with 3M sodium permanganate and affixed to a rectangular 13 C-tuned RF coil. The relative positions of the markers and coil conductors were mapped using CT. Marker positions were measured by MRI using a series of 1D projections and automated peak detection. Once the coil location was determined, coil sensitivity was estimated using a quasi-static calculation. Simulations were performed to determine the minimum number of projections required for robust localization. Phantom experiments were used to confirm the accuracy of marker localization as well as the calculated coil sensitivity. Finally, in vivo validation was performed using hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate in a rat model. RESULTS In simulations, our algorithm was accurate in determining marker positions when at least 6 projections were used (RMSE 1.4 ± 0.9 mm). These estimates were verified in phantom experiments, where markers locations were determined with an RMS accuracy of 1.3 mm. A minimum SNR of 4 was required for automated detection to perform accurately. Computed coil sensitivity had a median error of 17% when taken over the entire measured area and 5.7% over a central region. In a rat, correction for nonuniform reception and flip angle was able to normalize the signals arising from asymmetrically positioned kidneys. CONCLUSION Manganese 55 fiducial markers are an inexpensive and reliable method for rapidly localizing 13 C RF coils and correcting 13 C images for B1 variation without user intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jao J Ou
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shubhangi Agarwal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Ohliger MA, von Morze C, Marco-Rius I, Gordon J, Larson PEZ, Bok R, Chen HY, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron D. Combining hyperpolarized 13 C MRI with a liver-specific gadolinium contrast agent for selective assessment of hepatocyte metabolism. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:2356-2363. [PMID: 27298073 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized 13 C MRI is a powerful tool for studying metabolism, but can lack tissue specificity. Gadoxetate is a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent that is selectively taken into hepatocytes. The goal of this project was to investigate whether gadoxetate can be used to selectively suppress the hyperpolarized signal arising from hepatocytes, which could in future studies be applied to generate specificity for signal from abnormal cell types. METHODS Baseline gadoxetate uptake kinetics were measured using T1 -weighted contrast enhanced imaging. Relaxivity of gadoxetate was measured for [1-13 C]pyruvate, [1-13 C]lactate, and [1-13 C]alanine. Four healthy rats were imaged with hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate using a three-dimensional (3D) MRSI sequence prior to and 15 min following administration of gadoxetate. The lactate:pyruvate ratio and alanine:pyruvate ratios were measured in liver and kidney. RESULTS Overall, the hyperpolarized signal decreased approximately 60% as a result of pre-injection of gadoxetate. In liver, the lactate:pyruvate and alanine:pyruvate ratios decreased 42% and 78%, respectively (P < 0.05) following gadoxetate administration. In kidneys, these ratios did not change significantly. Relaxivity of gadoxetate for [1-13 C]alanine was 12.6 times higher than relaxivity of gadoxetate for [1-13 C]pyruvate, explaining the greater selective relaxation effect on alanine. CONCLUSIONS The liver-specific gadolinium contrast-agent gadoxetate can selectively suppress normal hepatocyte contributions to hyperpolarized 13 C MRI signals. Magn Reson Med 77:2356-2363, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Gallagher FA, Sladen H, Kettunen MI, Serrao EM, Rodrigues TB, Wright A, Gill AB, McGuire S, Booth TC, Boren J, McIntyre A, Miller JL, Lee SH, Honess D, Day SE, Hu DE, Howat WJ, Harris AL, Brindle KM. Carbonic Anhydrase Activity Monitored In Vivo by Hyperpolarized 13C-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Demonstrates Its Importance for pH Regulation in Tumors. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4109-18. [PMID: 26249175 PMCID: PMC4594768 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase buffers tissue pH by catalyzing the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and bicarbonate (HCO3 (-)). We assessed the functional activity of CAIX in two colorectal tumor models, expressing different levels of the enzyme, by measuring the rate of exchange of hyperpolarized (13)C label between bicarbonate (H(13)CO3(-)) and carbon dioxide ((13)CO2), following injection of hyperpolarized H(13)CO3(-), using (13)C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C-MRS) magnetization transfer measurements. (31)P-MRS measurements of the chemical shift of the pH probe, 3-aminopropylphosphonate, and (13)C-MRS measurements of the H(13)CO3(-)/(13)CO2 peak intensity ratio showed that CAIX overexpression lowered extracellular pH in these tumors. However, the (13)C measurements overestimated pH due to incomplete equilibration of the hyperpolarized (13)C label between the H(13)CO3(-) and (13)CO2 pools. Paradoxically, tumors overexpressing CAIX showed lower enzyme activity using magnetization transfer measurements, which can be explained by the more acidic extracellular pH in these tumors and the decreased activity of the enzyme at low pH. This explanation was confirmed by administration of bicarbonate in the drinking water, which elevated tumor extracellular pH and restored enzyme activity to control levels. These results suggest that CAIX expression is increased in hypoxia to compensate for the decrease in its activity produced by a low extracellular pH and supports the hypothesis that a major function of CAIX is to lower the extracellular pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdia A Gallagher
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Helen Sladen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko I Kettunen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M Serrao
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago B Rodrigues
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B Gill
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah McGuire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas C Booth
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Boren
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jodi L Miller
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shen-Han Lee
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Davina Honess
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sam E Day
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - De-En Hu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William J Howat
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Keshari KR, Wilson DM, Chen AP, Bok R, Larson PEZ, Hu S, Van Criekinge M, Macdonald JM, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J. Hyperpolarized [2-13C]-fructose: a hemiketal DNP substrate for in vivo metabolic imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17591-6. [PMID: 19860409 PMCID: PMC2796621 DOI: 10.1021/ja9049355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (13)C labeled molecular probes have been used to investigate metabolic pathways of interest as well as facilitate in vivo spectroscopic imaging by taking advantage of the dramatic signal enhancement provided by DNP. Due to the limited lifetime of the hyperpolarized nucleus, with signal decay dependent on T(1) relaxation, carboxylate carbons have been the primary targets for development of hyperpolarized metabolic probes. The use of these carbon nuclei makes it difficult to investigate upstream glycolytic processes, which have been related to both cancer metabolism as well as other metabolic abnormalities, such as fatty liver disease and diabetes. Glucose carbons have very short T(1)s (<1 s) and therefore cannot be used as an in vivo hyperpolarized metabolic probe of glycolysis. However, the pentose analogue fructose can also enter glycolysis through its phosphorylation by hexokinase and yield complementary information. The C(2) of fructose is a hemiketal that has a relatively longer relaxation time (approximately 16 s at 37 degrees C) and high solution state polarization (approximately 12%). Hyperpolarized [2-(13)C]-fructose was also injected into a transgenic model of prostate cancer (TRAMP) and demonstrated difference in uptake and metabolism in regions of tumor relative to surrounding tissue. Thus, this study demonstrates the first hyperpolarization of a carbohydrate carbon with a sufficient T(1) and solution state polarization for ex vivo spectroscopy and in vivo spectroscopic imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 St., Byers Hall 203, San Francisco, California, United Sates 94158
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill (UNC), 152 MacNider Hall, Campus Box 7575, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States 27599
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 St., Byers Hall 203, San Francisco, California, United Sates 94158
| | - Albert P. Chen
- GE Healthcare, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Building 207, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 St., Byers Hall 203, San Francisco, California, United Sates 94158
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 St., Byers Hall 203, San Francisco, California, United Sates 94158
| | - Simon Hu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 St., Byers Hall 203, San Francisco, California, United Sates 94158
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 St., Byers Hall 203, San Francisco, California, United Sates 94158
| | - Jeffrey M. Macdonald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill (UNC), 152 MacNider Hall, Campus Box 7575, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States 27599
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 St., Byers Hall 203, San Francisco, California, United Sates 94158
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 St., Byers Hall 203, San Francisco, California, United Sates 94158
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