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Ou X, Pan J, Liu Q, Niu Y, Zhou Y, Yan F. High-Toughness CO 2-Sourced Ionic Polyurea Adhesives. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2312906. [PMID: 38207115 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Polyurea (PUa) adhesives are renowned for their exceptional adhesion to diverse substrates even in harsh environments. However, the presence of quadruple bidentate intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the polymer chains creates a trade-off between cohesive energy and interfacial adhesive energy. To overcome this challenge, a series of CO2-sourced ionic PUa adhesives with ultratough adhesion to various substrates are developed. The incorporated ionic segments within the adhesive serve to partially mitigate the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions while conferring unique electrostatic interactions, leading to both high cohesive energy and interfacial adhesive energy. The maximum adhesive strength of 10.9 MPa can be attained by ionizing the CO2-sourced PUa using bromopropane and subsequently exchanging the anion with lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Additionally, these ionic PUa adhesives demonstrate several desirable properties such as low-temperature stability (-80 °C), resistance to organic solvents and water, high flame retardancy, antibacterial activity, and UV-fluorescence, thereby expanding their potential applications. This study presents a general and effective approach for designing high-strength adhesives suitable for a wide array of uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ji Pan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qinbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yajuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Soft Material and New Energy, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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2
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Saumer A, Mecking S. Recyclable and Degradable Ionic-Substituted Long-Chain Polyesters. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2023; 11:12414-12422. [PMID: 37621695 PMCID: PMC10445281 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c03141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Ionic groups can endow apolar polymers like polyethylene with desirable traits like adhesion with polar compounds. While ethylene copolymers provide a wide range of tunability via the carboxylate content and neutralization with different cations, they lack degradability or suitability for chemical recycling due to their all-carbon backbones. Here, we report ion-containing long-chain polyesters with low amounts of ionic groups (Mn = 50-60 kg/mol, <0.5 mol % of ionic monomers) which can be synthesized from plant oils and exhibit HDPE-like character in their structural and mechanical properties. In the sulfonic acid as well as neutralized sulfonate-containing polyesters, the nature of the cation counterions (Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+) significantly impacts the mechanical properties and melt rheology. Acid-containing polyesters exhibit a relatively high capability to absorb water and are susceptible to abiotic degradation. Enhanced surface wettability is reflected by facilitation of printing on films of these polymers. Depolymerization by methanolysis to afford the neat long-chain monomers demonstrates the suitability for chemical recycling. The surface properties of the neutralized sulfonate-containing polyesters are enhanced, showing a higher adsorption capability. Our findings allow for tuning the properties of recyclable polyethylene-like polymers and widen the scope of these promising materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Saumer
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße
10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße
10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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3
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Rollo-Walker G, Malic N, Wang X, Chiefari J, Forsyth M. Development and Progression of Polymer Electrolytes for Batteries: Influence of Structure and Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4127. [PMID: 34883630 PMCID: PMC8659097 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer electrolytes continue to offer the opportunity for safer, high-performing next-generation battery technology. The benefits of a polymeric electrolyte system lie in its ease of processing and flexibility, while ion transport and mechanical strength have been highlighted for improvement. This report discusses how factors, specifically the chemistry and structure of the polymers, have driven the progression of these materials from the early days of PEO. The introduction of ionic polymers has led to advances in ionic conductivity while the use of block copolymers has also increased the mechanical properties and provided more flexibility in solid polymer electrolyte development. The combination of these two, ionic block copolymer materials, are still in their early stages but offer exciting possibilities for the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Rollo-Walker
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (G.R.-W.); (X.W.)
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia; (N.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Nino Malic
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia; (N.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiaoen Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (G.R.-W.); (X.W.)
| | - John Chiefari
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia; (N.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (G.R.-W.); (X.W.)
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4
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MohdIsa W, Hunt A, HosseinNia SH. Sensing and Self-Sensing Actuation Methods for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC): A Review. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E3967. [PMID: 31540032 DOI: 10.3390/s19183967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) are smart material transducers that bend in response to low-voltage stimuli and generate voltage in response to bending. IPMCs are mechanically compliant, simple in construction, and easy to cut into desired shape. This allows the designing of novel sensing and actuation systems, e.g., for soft and bio-inspired robotics. IPMC sensing can be implemented in multiple ways, resulting in significantly different sensing characteristics. This paper will review the methods and research efforts to use IPMCs as deformation sensors. We will address efforts to model the IPMC sensing phenomenon, and implementation and characteristics of different IPMC sensing methods. Proposed sensing methods are divided into active sensing, passive sensing, and self-sensing actuation (SSA), whereas the active sensing methods measure one of IPMC-generated voltage, charge, or current; passive methods measure variations in IPMC impedances, or use it in capacitive sensor element circuit, and SSA methods implement simultaneous sensing and actuation on the same IPMC sample. Frequency ranges for reliable sensing vary among the methods, and no single method has been demonstrated to be effective for sensing in the full spectrum of IPMC actuation capabilities, i.e., from DC to ∼100 Hz. However, this limitation can be overcome by combining several sensing methods.
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Feng GH, Liu HY. An Out-of-Plane Operated Soft Engine Driving Stretchable Zone Plate for Adjusting Focal Point of an Ultrasonic Beam. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19183819. [PMID: 31487858 PMCID: PMC6767097 DOI: 10.3390/s19183819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a soft engine which performs up-and-down motion with four planar film-structured ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) actuators. This soft engine assembled with a stretchable Fresnel zone plate is capable of tuning the focus of ultrasonic beam. Instead of conventional clamps, we employ 3D printed frame pairs with magnets and a conductive gold cloth to provide an alternative solution for securing the IPMC actuators during assembly. The design and analysis of the zone plate are carefully performed. The zone plate allows the plane ultrasonic wave to be effectively focused. The motion of IPMC actuators stretch the metal-foil-made zone plate to tune the focal range of the ultrasonic beam. The zone plate, 3D frames and IPMC actuators were fabricated, assembled and tested. The stiffness normal to the stretchable zone plate with varied designs was investigated and the seven-zone design was selected for our experimental study. The force responsible for clamping the IPMC actuators, controlled by the magnetic attraction between the fabricated frames, was also examined. The driving voltage, current and resulting displacement of IPMC actuation were characterized. The developed soft engine stretching the zone plate to tune the focal point of the ultrasonic beam up to 10% was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621, Taiwan
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Adhikary SD, Tiwari A, Nagaiah TC, Mandal D. Stabilization of Cobalt-Polyoxometalate over Poly(ionic liquid) Composites for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:38872-38879. [PMID: 30339354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The key to unlock a renewable, clean, and energy-dense hydrogen fuel lies in designing an efficient oxygen evolving catalyst exhibiting high activity, stability, and cost-effectiveness. This report addresses an improved activity toward oxygen evolution by a composite of cobalt-polyoxometalate [Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]10- (CoPOM) and an ionic polymer, poly(vinyl butyl imidazolium) (PVIM), in highly alkaline media. PVIM provides a stable platform for CoPOM and acts as a conductive linker between CoPOM and the electrode surface, forming a concrete solid composite, which balances the multinegative charge of CoPOM synergistically. This improved stability and conductivity of CoPOM by PVIM in the PVIM-CoPOM composite performs remarkable electrocatalytic water oxidation with a very low overpotential of 0.20 V and a very high current density of 250 mA/cm2 (at 1.75 V vs RHE) with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 52.8 s-1 in 1 M NaOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis D Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Ropar , Rupnagar , Punjab 140001 , India
| | - Aarti Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Ropar , Rupnagar , Punjab 140001 , India
| | - Tharamani C Nagaiah
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Ropar , Rupnagar , Punjab 140001 , India
| | - Debaprasad Mandal
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Ropar , Rupnagar , Punjab 140001 , India
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Choi G, Jeong GM, Oh MS, Joo M, Im SG, Jeong KJ, Lee E. Robust Thin Film Surface with a Selective Antibacterial Property Enabled via a Cross-Linked Ionic Polymer Coating for Infection-Resistant Medical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2614-2622. [PMID: 33435124 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of new antibacterial surfaces has become a primary strategy for preventing device-associated infections (DAIs). Although considerable progress has recently been made in reducing DAIs, current antibacterial coating methods are technically complex and do not allow selective bacterial killing. Here, we propose novel anti-infective surfaces made of a cross-linked ionic polymer film that achieve selective bacteria killing while simultaneously favoring the survival of mammalian cells. A one-step polymerization process known as initiated chemical vapor deposition was used to generate a cross-linked ionic polymer film from 4-vinylbenzyl chloride and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate monomers in the vapor phase. In particular, the deposition process produced a polymer network with quaternary ammonium cross-linking sites, which provided the surface with an ionic moiety with an excellent antibacterial contact-killing property. This method confers substrate compatibility, which enables various materials to be coated with ionic polymer films for use in medical implants. Moreover, the ionic polymer-deposited surfaces supported the healthy growth of mammalian cells while selectively inhibiting bacterial growth in coculture models without any detectable cytotoxicity. Thus, the cross-linked ionic polymer-based antibacterial surface developed in this study can serve as an ideal platform for biomedical applications that require a highly sterile environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Min Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Seok Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Munkyu Joo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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8
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Lim J, Lee EJ, Choi JS, Jeong NC. Diffusion Control in the in Situ Synthesis of Iconic Metal-Organic Frameworks within an Ionic Polymer Matrix. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:3793-3800. [PMID: 29297676 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionic polymers that possess ion-exchangeable sites have been shown to be a greatly useful platform to fabricate mixed matrices (MMs) where metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be in situ synthesized, although the in situ synthesis of MOF has been rarely studied. In this study, alginate (ALG), an anionic green polymer that possesses metal-ion-exchangeable sites, is employed as a platform of MMs for the in situ synthesis of iconic MOFs, HKUST-1, and MOF-74(Zn). We demonstrate for the first time that the sequential order of supplying MOF ingredients (metal ion and deprotonated ligand) into the alginate matrix leads to substantially different results because of a difference in the diffusion of the MOF components. For the examples examined, whereas the infusion of BTC3- ligand into Cu2+-exchanged ALG engendered the eggshell-shaped HKUST-1 layers on the surface of MM spheres, the infusion of Cu2+ ions into BTC3--included alginate engendered the high dispersivity and junction contact of HKUST-1 crystals in the alginate matrix. This fundamental property has been exploited to fabricate a flexible MOF-containing mixed matrix membrane by coincorporating poly(vinyl alcohol). Using two molecular dyes, namely, methylene blue and rhodamine 6G, further, we show that this in situ strategy is suitable for fabricating an MOF-MM that exhibits size-selective molecular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Lim
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST , Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST , Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jae Sun Choi
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST , Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Nak Cheon Jeong
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST , Daegu 42988, Korea
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9
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Gong Y, Zhong H, Liu W, Zhang B, Hu S, Wang R. General Synthetic Route toward Highly Dispersed Ultrafine Pd-Au Alloy Nanoparticles Enabled by Imidazolium-Based Organic Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:776-786. [PMID: 29235853 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Pd-Au nanoparticles (NPs) usually show superior catalytic performances over their single-component counterparts, the general and facile synthesis of subnanometer-scaled Pd-Au NPs still remains a great challenge, especially for electronegative ultrafine bimetallic NPs. Here, we develop an anion-exchange strategy for the synthesis of ultrafine Pd-Au alloy NPs. Simple treatment of main-chain imidazolium-based organic polymer (IOP) with HAuCl4 and Na2PdCl4, followed by reduction with NaBH4 generated Pd-Au alloy NPs (Pd-Au/IOP). These NPs possess an unprecedented tiny size of 1.50 ± 0.20 nm and are uniformly dispersed over IOP. The electronic structure of the surface Pd and Au atoms is optimized via electron exchange during alloying, a net charge flowing resulting from counteranions is injected into Au and Pd to form a strong ensemble effect, which is responsible for a remarkably higher catalytic activity of Pd-Au/IOP in the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane than those of monometallic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China , Taiyuan 030051, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China , Taiyuan 030051, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China , Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China , Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Shuangqi Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China , Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Ruihu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
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Joo M, Kwak MJ, Moon H, Lee E, Choi SQ, Im SG. Thermally Fast-Curable, "Sticky" Nanoadhesive for Strong Adhesion on Arbitrary Substrates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:40868-40877. [PMID: 29090899 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Demand of adhesives that are strong but ultrathin with high flexibility, optical transparency, and long-term stability has been rapidly growing recently. Here, we suggest a thermally curable, "sticky" nanoadhesive with outstanding adhesion strength accomplished by single-side deposition of the nanoadhesive on arbitrary substrates. The sticky nanoadhesive is composed of an ionic copolymer film generated from two acrylate monomers with tertiary amine and alkyl halide functionalities, formed by a solvent-free method, initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). Because of the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymer (-9 °C), the ionic copolymer shows a viscoelastic behavior that makes the adhesive attachable to various substrates, regardless of the substrate materials. Moreover, the copolymer film is thermally curable via a cross-linking reaction between the alkyl halide and tertiary amine functionalities, which substantially increased the adhesion strength of the 500 nm thick nanoadhesive greater than 25 N/25 mm within 5 min of curing at 120 °C. The adhesive thickness can further be reduced to 50 nm to achieve greater than 35 N/25 mm within 30 min at 120 °C. The nanoadhesive layer can form uniform adhesion in a large area substrate (up to 130 × 100 mm2) with the deposition of the adhesive only on one side of the substrates to be laminated. Because of its ultrathin nature, the nanoadhesive is also optically transparent as well as highly flexible, which will play a critical role in fabrication and the lamination of future flexible/wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkyu Joo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Moo Jin Kwak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Heeyeon Moon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Kim J, Bae SH, Kotal M, Stalbaum T, Kim KJ, Oh IK. Soft but Powerful Artificial Muscles Based on 3D Graphene-CNT-Ni Heteronanostructures. Small 2017; 13:1701314. [PMID: 28656636 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired soft ionic actuators, which exhibit large strain and high durability under low input voltages, are regarded as prospective candidates for future soft electronics. However, due to the intrinsic drawback of weak blocking force, the feasible applications of soft ionic actuators are limited until now. An electroactive artificial muscle electro-chemomechanically reinforced with 3D graphene-carbon nanotube-nickel heteronanostructures (G-CNT-Ni) to improve blocking force and bending deformation of the ionic actuators is demonstrated. The G-CNT-Ni heteronanostructure, which provides an electrically conductive 3D network and sufficient contact area with mobile ions in the polymer electrolyte, is embedded as a nanofiller in both ionic polymer and conductive electrodes of the ionic actuators. An ionic exchangeable composite membrane consisting of Nafion, G-CNT-Ni and ionic liquid (IL) shows improved tensile modulus and strength of up to 166% and 98%, respectively, and increased ionic conductivity of 0.254 S m-1 . The ionic actuator exhibits enhanced actuation performances including three times larger bending deformation, 2.37 times higher blocking force, and 4 h durability. The electroactive artificial muscle electro-chemomechanically reinforced with 3D G-CNT-Ni heteronanostructures offers improvements over current soft ionic actuator technologies and can advance the practical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwan Kim
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hu Bae
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moumita Kotal
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tyler Stalbaum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4027, USA
| | - Kwang J Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4027, USA
| | - Il-Kwon Oh
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Feng GH, Huang WL. Investigation on the Mechanical and Electrical Behavior of a Tuning Fork-Shaped Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuator with a Continuous Water Supply Mechanism. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:433. [PMID: 27023549 DOI: 10.3390/s16040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an innovative tuning fork-shaped ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator. With an integrated soft strain gauge and water supply mechanism (WSM), the surface strain of the actuator can be sensed in situ, and providing a continuous water supply maintains the water content inside the IPMC for long-term operation in air. The actuator was fabricated using a micromachining technique and plated with a nickel electrode. The device performance was experimentally characterized and compared with an actuator without a WSM. A large displacement of 1.5 mm was achieved for a 6 mm-long prong with 7-V dc actuation applied for 30 s. The measured current was analyzed using an electrochemical model. The results revealed that the faradaic current plays a crucial role during operation, particularly after 10 s. The measured strain confirms both the bending and axial strain generation during the open-and-close motion of the actuator prongs. Most of the water loss during device operation was due to evaporation rather than hydrolysis. The constructed WSM effectively maintained the water content inside the IPMC for long-term continuous operation.
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Rohatgi CV, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. Separator Membrane from Crosslinked Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and Poly(Methyl Vinyl Ether-alt-Maleic Anhydride). Nanomaterials (Basel) 2015; 5:398-414. [PMID: 28347019 PMCID: PMC5312902 DOI: 10.3390/nano5020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report separator membranes from crosslinking of two polymers, such as poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) with an ionic polymer poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMVE-MA). Such interpolymer-networked systems were extensively used for biomedical and desalination applications but they were not examined for their potential use as membranes or separators for batteries. Therefore, the chemical interactions between these two polymers and the influence of such crosslinking on physicochemical properties of the membrane are systematically investigated through rheology and by critical gel point study. The hydrogen bonding and the chemical interaction between PMVE-MA and PVA resulted in highly cross-linked membranes. Effect of the molecular weight of PVA on the membrane properties was also examined. The developed membranes were extensively characterized by studying their physicochemical properties (water uptake, swelling ratio, and conductivity), thermal and electrochemical properties using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The DSC study shows the presence of a single Tg in the membranes indicating compatibility of the two polymers in flexible and transparent films. The membranes show good stability and ion conductivity suitable for separator applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naba K Dutta
- Ian Wark Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia.
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Ian Wark Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia.
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Kim SM, Tiwari R, Kim KJ. A novel ionic polymer metal ZnO composite (IPMZC). Sensors (Basel) 2011; 11:4674-87. [PMID: 22163869 DOI: 10.3390/s110504674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The presented research introduces a new Ionic Polymer-Metal-ZnO Composite (IPMZC) demonstrating photoluminescence (PL)-quenching on mechanical bending or application of an electric field. The newly fabricated IPMZC integrates the optical properties of ZnO and the electroactive nature of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) to enable a non-contact read-out of IPMC response. The electro-mechano-optical response of the IPMZC was measured by observing the PL spectra under mechanical bending and electrical regimes. The working range was measured to be 375–475 nm. It was noted that the PL-quenching increased proportionally with the increase in curvature and applied field at 384 and 468 nm. The maximum quenching of 53.4% was achieved with the membrane curvature of 78.74/m and 3.01% when electric field (12.5 × 103 V/m) is applied. Coating IPMC with crystalline ZnO was observed to improve IPMC transduction.
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