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Albrecht A, Moszyński D. Nitriding and Denitriding of Nanocrystalline Iron System with Bimodal Crystallite Size Distribution. Materials (Basel) 2021; 15:143. [PMID: 35009287 PMCID: PMC8745962 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An artificially prepared nanocrystalline iron sample with bimodal crystallite size distribution was nitrided and denitrided in the NH3/H2 atmosphere at 350 °C and 400 °C. The sample was a 1:1 mass ratio mixture of two iron samples with mean crystallite sizes of 48 nm and 21 nm. Phase transformations between α-Fe, γ'-Fe4N and ε-Fe3-2N were observed by the in situ X-ray powder diffraction method. At selected steps of nitriding or denitriding, phase transformations paused at 50% of mass conversion and resumed after prominent variation of the nitriding atmosphere. This effect was attributed to the separation of phase transformations occurring between sets of iron crystallites of 48 nm and 21 nm, respectively. This was due to the Gibbs-Thomson effect, which establishes the dependence of phase transformation conditions on crystallite sizes.
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Wang S, Xu L, Wang J. Iron-Based Dual Active Site-Mediated Peroxymonosulfate Activation for the Degradation of Emerging Organic Pollutants. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:15412-15422. [PMID: 34697942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is still a challenge to synthesize highly efficient and stable catalysts for the Fenton-like reaction. In this study, we constructed an integrated catalyst with highly dispersed iron-based dual active sites, in which Fe2N and single-atom Fe (SA-Fe) were embedded into nitrogen- and oxygen-co-doped graphitic carbon (Fe-N-O-GC-350). Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) confirmed the coordination structure of iron, and line combination fitting (LCF) demonstrated the coexistence of Fe2N and SA-Fe with percentages of 75 and 25%, respectively. Iron-based dual active sites endowed Fe-N-O-GC-350 with superior catalytic activity to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as evidenced by the fast degradation rate of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (0.24 min-1) in the presence of 0.4 mM PMS and 0.1 g/L Fe-N-O-GC-350. Unlike the reported singlet oxygen and high-valent iron oxo-mediated degradation induced by the SA-Fe catalyst, both surface-bound reactive species and singlet oxygen contributed to SMX degradation, while surface-bound reactive species dominated. Density functional theory (DFT) simulation indicated that Fe2N and SA-Fe enhanced the adsorption of PMS, which played a key role in PMS activation. The Fe-N-O-GC-350/PMS system had resistance to the interference of common inorganic anions and high oxidation capacity to recalcitrant organic contaminants. This study elucidated the important role of Fe2N in PMS activation and provide a clue to design rationally catalysts with iron-based dual active sites to activate PMS for the degradation of emerging organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lejin Xu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Zhang S, Cui P, Liu T, Wang Q, Longo TJ, Thierer LM, Manor BC, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Papaefthymiou GC, Tomson NC. N-H Bond Formation at a Diiron Bridging Nitride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15215-15219. [PMID: 32441448 PMCID: PMC7680347 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite their connection to ammonia synthesis, little is known about the ability of iron-bound, bridging nitrides to form N-H bonds. Herein we report a linear diiron bridging nitride complex supported by a redox-active macrocycle. The unique ability of the ligand scaffold to adapt to the geometric preference of the bridging species was found to facilitate the formation of N-H bonds via proton-coupled electron transfer to generate a μ-amide product. The structurally analogous μ-silyl- and μ-borylamide complexes were shown to form from the net insertion of the nitride into the E-H bonds (E=B, Si). Protonation of the parent bridging amide produced ammonia in high yield, and treatment of the nitride with PhSH was found to liberate NH3 in high yield through a reaction that engages the redox-activity of the ligand during PCET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peng Cui
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tianchang Liu
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qiuran Wang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas J Longo
- Department of Physics, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Laura M Thierer
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Neil C Tomson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Navarro-Quezada A, Gas K, Truglas T, Bauernfeind V, Matzer M, Kreil D, Ney A, Groiss H, Sawicki M, Bonanni A. Out-of-Plane Magnetic Anisotropy in Ordered Ensembles of Fe yN Nanocrystals Embedded in GaN. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13153294. [PMID: 32722094 PMCID: PMC7436053 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phase-separated semiconductors containing magnetic nanostructures are relevant systems for the realization of high-density recording media. Here, the controlled strain engineering of GaδFeN layers with FeyN embedded nanocrystals (NCs) via AlxGa1−xN buffers with different Al concentration 0<xAl<41% is presented. Through the addition of Al to the buffer, the formation of predominantly prolate-shaped ε-Fe3N NCs takes place. Already at an Al concentration xAl≈ 5% the structural properties—phase, shape, orientation—as well as the spatial distribution of the embedded NCs are modified in comparison to those grown on a GaN buffer. Although the magnetic easy axis of the cubic γ’-GayFe4−yN nanocrystals in the layer on the xAl=0% buffer lies in-plane, the easy axis of the ε-Fe3N NCs in all samples with AlxGa1−xN buffers coincides with the [0001] growth direction, leading to a sizeable out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy and opening wide perspectives for perpendicular recording based on nitride-based magnetic nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Navarro-Quezada
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid-State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (M.M.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-732-2468-9622
| | - Katarzyna Gas
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Tia Truglas
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Nanoscale Phase Transformations, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (T.T.); (V.B.); (H.G.)
| | - Viola Bauernfeind
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Nanoscale Phase Transformations, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (T.T.); (V.B.); (H.G.)
| | - Margherita Matzer
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid-State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (M.M.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Dominik Kreil
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Andreas Ney
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid-State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (M.M.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
| | - Heiko Groiss
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Nanoscale Phase Transformations, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (T.T.); (V.B.); (H.G.)
| | - Maciej Sawicki
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Alberta Bonanni
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid-State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (M.M.); (A.N.); (A.B.)
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Li Z, Fang Y, Zhang J, Lou XWD. Necklace-Like Structures Composed of Fe 3 N@C Yolk-Shell Particles as an Advanced Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1800525. [PMID: 29920788 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is of great importance to develop cost-effective electrode materials for large-scale use of Na-ion batteries. Here, a binder-free electrode based on necklace-like structures composed of Fe3 N@C yolk-shell particles as an advanced anode for Na-ion batteries is reported. In this electrode, every Fe3 N@C unit has a novel yolk-shell structure, which can accommodate the volumetric changes of Fe3 N during the (de)sodiation processes for superior structural integrity. Moreover, all reaction units are threaded along the carbon fibers, guaranteeing excellent kinetics for the electrochemical reactions. As a result, when evaluated as an anode material for Na-ion batteries, the Fe3 N@C nano-necklace electrode delivers a prolonged cycle life over 300 cycles, and achieves a high C-rate capacity of 248 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
| | - Yongjin Fang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
| | - Jintao Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
| | - Xiong Wen David Lou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
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Abstract
Iron carbides and nitrides have aroused great interest in researchers, due to their excellent magnetic properties, good machinability and the particular catalytic activity. Based on these advantages, iron carbides and nitrides can be applied in various areas such as magnetic materials, biomedical, photo- and electrocatalysis. In contrast to their simple elemental composition, the synthesis of iron carbides and nitrides still has great challenges, particularly at the nanoscale, but it is usually beneficial to improve performance in corresponding applications. In this review, we introduce the investigations about iron carbides and nitrides, concerning their structure, synthesis strategy and various applications from magnetism to the catalysis. Furthermore, the future prospects are also discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhantong Ye
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Lei
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Abstract
In this work, ε-Fe3N nanoparticles and ε-Fe3N-based magnetic fluid were synthesized by chemical reaction of iron carbonyl and ammonia gas. The size of ε-Fe3N nanoparticles was tested by TEM and XRD. Stable ε-Fe3N-based magnetic fluid was prepared by controlling the proper ratio of carrier liquid and surfactant. The saturation magnetization of stable ε-Fe3N-based magnetic fluid was calculated according to the volume fraction of the particles in the fluid. The result shows that both the calculated and measured magnetizations increase by increasing the particle concentration. With the increasing concentration of the ε-Fe3N particles, the measured value of the magnetic fluid magnetization gradually departs from the calculated magnetization, which was caused by agglomeration affects due to large volume fraction and large particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision & Micro-manufacturing Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
- Department of Functional Material Research, Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision & Micro-manufacturing Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
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