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Zhang Y, Zang L, Zhao Y, Wei Q, Han J. Removal of Pb from Contaminated Kaolin by Pulsed Electrochemical Treatment Coupled with a Permeable Reactive Barrier: Tuning Removal Efficiency and Energy Consumption. Toxics 2023; 11:961. [PMID: 38133362 PMCID: PMC10747039 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Lead contamination in soil has emerged as a significant environmental concern. Recently, pulse electrochemical treatment (PECT) has garnered substantial attention as an effective method for mitigating lead ions in low-permeability soils. However, the impact of varying pulse time gradients, ranging from seconds to hours, under the same pulse duty cycle on lead removal efficiency (LRE) and energy consumption in PECT has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, a novel, modified PECT method is proposed, which couples PECT with a permeable reaction barrier (PRB) and adds acetic acid to the catholyte. A comprehensive analysis of LRE and energy consumption is conducted by transforming pulse time. The results show that the LREs achieved in these experiments were as follows: PCb-3 s (89.5%), PCb-1 m (91%), PCb-30 m (92.9%), and PCb-6 h (91.9%). Importantly, these experiments resulted in significant reductions in energy consumption, with decreases of 68.5%, 64.9%, 51.8%, and 47.4% compared to constant voltage treatments, respectively. It was observed that LRE improved with an increase in both pulse duration and voltage gradient, albeit with a corresponding rise in energy consumption. The results also revealed that corn straw biochar as a PRB could enhance LRE by 6.1% while adsorbing migrating lead ions. Taken together, the present data highlights the potential of modified PECT technology for remediation of lead-contaminated soil, which provides an optimal approach to achieve high LRE while minimizing energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Libin Zang
- College of GeoExploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.)
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Fawkes LS, McDonald TJ, Roh T, Chiu WA, Taylor RJ, Sansom GT. A Participatory-Based Research Approach for Assessing Exposure to Lead-Contaminated Drinking Water in the Houston Neighborhood of the Greater Fifth Ward. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19. [PMID: 35805801 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To address community-driven concerns about lead-contaminated drinking water in residential homes in the Greater Fifth Ward neighborhood in Northeast Houston, Texas utilizing participatory-based research. The study collected survey data and performed lead analysis on drinking water from residents’ homes. The Greater Fifth Ward is characterized as a majority-minority environmental justice community and is located within two confirmed cancer clusters. The residents of 172 homes completed a survey and had detectable lead levels in their water samples. Survey results indicated that more than half of the residents (58.2%) were concerned with the water quality and 42.9% rated the drinking water as poor. Water lead levels detected ranged from 0.01 to 22 µg/L. 10.9% of homes exceeding 1 µg/L, and one located exceeded the USEPA’s action limit of 15 µg/L. Homes built prior to 1978 without major renovation had significantly higher levels of lead in their drinking water compared to homes built after 1978 (p-value < 0.05). These findings demonstrate the need for lead testing of residential water in low socioeconomic-status communities, as well as demonstrating the benefits of community engagement and participatory research to address environmental health concerns.
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Han L, Zou Y, Yu C. Targeting CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 20 by miR-143-5p alleviate lead poisoning-induced renal fibrosis by regulating interstitial fibroblasts excessive proliferation and dysfunction. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11156-11168. [PMID: 35485286 PMCID: PMC9208521 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental lead contamination can cause chronic renal disease with a common clinical manifestation of renal fibrosis and constitutes a major global public health threat. Aberrant proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in renal interstitial fibroblasts are key pathological causes of renal fibrosis. However, the mechanism underlying lead-induced kidney fibrosis remains unclear. The present study analyzed gene expression prolifes in lead acetate-treated primary mice renal interstitial fibroblasts and confirmed the aberrant expression of CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 20, one of the most obvious up-regulated genes. Analogously, lead acetate exposure dose-dependently increased CCL20 transcription, protein expression and release. Knockdown of CCL20 suppressed lead acetate-induced fibroblast proliferation, hydroxyproline contents, transforming growth factor-beta production and ECM-related protein (Collagen I and fibronectin) expression. Bioinformatics analysis predicted five top miRNAs targeting CCL20. Among them, miR-143-5p expression was dose-dependently decreased in lead acetate-treated fibroblasts. Mechanistically, miR-143-5p directly targeted CCL20. Elevation of miR-143-5p antagonized lead acetate-induced fibroblast proliferation, hydroxyproline and ECM-related protein expression, which were reversed by CCL20 overexpression. Additionally, CCL20 knockdown suppressed lead acetate-mediated Smad2/3 and AKT pathway activation. Notably, miR-143-5p overexpression attenuated the activation of the Smad2/3 and AKT pathway in lead acetate-exposed fibroblasts, which was counteracted by CCL20 elevation. miR-143-5p injection ameliorated renal fibrosis progression in mice in vivo. Thus, targeting CCL20 by miR-143-5p could alleviate renal fibrosis progression by regulating fibroblast proliferation and ECM deposition via the Smad2/3 and AKT signaling, providing a potential therapeutic target for environmental lead contamination-evoked fibrotic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Xue M, Meng JQ, Yang CJ, Wang K, Cheng LK, Gao LY, Shi FJ, Maiheliya M, Yang YJ. [Effect of heavy metal lead on anticoagulant activity of leech based on label-free quantitative proteomics]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:5804-5809. [PMID: 34951168 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210816.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Whitmania pigra is the most widely distributed species of leeches in the market. In this study, the effect of heavy metal lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of Wh. pigra was studied and the potential mechanism was explored. Pb(NO_3)_2 was used to contaminate the breeding soil which was then used to rear Wh. pigra for 50 days(lead-contaminated group, LC group), and meanwhile the blank control group(CG group) was set. Proteins were extracted from the obtained leech samples, and the differentially expressed proteins between LC and CG groups were analyzed by label-free proteomics technology. In this study, a total of 152 differentially expressed proteins were screened out, of which 93 proteins were up-regulated and 59 proteins were down-regulated in LC group. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the biological processes enriched with the differentially expressed proteins were mainly vesicle-mediated transport and transport positive regulation; the enriched cell components were mainly endocytosis vesicles and apical plasma membrane; the enriched molecular functions mainly included carbohydrate binding. The differentially expressed proteins were enriched in 76 KEGG pathways, which mainly involved metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells. In this study, two differentially expressed proteins with Antistasin domain were presumed, which provides reference for further exploring the regulatory mechanism and signal transduction underlying the effect of lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of leech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jie-Qin Meng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chao-Jie Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Liang-Ke Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lu-Ying Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fu-Juan Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Mijiti Maiheliya
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yao-Jun Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
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Shahraki A, Mohammadi-Sichani M, Ranjbar M. Identification of lead-resistant rhizobacteria of Carthamus tinctorius and their effects on lead absorption of Sunflower. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:3073-3080. [PMID: 34897903 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Using rhizobacteria as plant growth-promoting agents for improving heavy-metal phytoremediation processes in contaminated soil has attracted a lot of attention mainly because of their eco-friendliness. The aim of this study was the evaluation of lead phytoremediation by Carthamus tinctorius improved with the isolated and molecularly identified lead-resistant rhizobacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS Rhizobacteria were isolated from C. tinctorius root and was identified using macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, biochemical testing and PCR. Then, the indole acetic acid production and phosphate-solubilizing activity were determined. Finally, the amount of lead in the plant was measured by atomic absorption method. Five strains of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus muralis, Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Brevibacterium frigoritolerans with the ability of mineral phosphate solubilizing, high levels of indole acetic acid production and resistance to lead were isolated from the rhizosphere of C. tinctorius. The amount of produced indole acetic acid and the level of phosphate solubilizing by the isolates were 7.1-69.54 µg ml-1 and 91-147.3 µg ml-1 respectively. Lead assimilation in aerial part of safflower ranged from 925 to 2175 ppm. P. fluorescens and B. cereus strains had the highest effect on Lead assimilation with 2175 and 1862 ppm respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that different bacterial treatments influenced the rate of lead absorption by C. tinctorius exposed to lead stress. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Use of rhizosphere isolates of C. tinctorius can improve phytoremediation capability and lead absorption in lead-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Shahraki
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Monireh Ranjbar
- Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Cooper CM, Langman JB, Sarathchandra D, Vella CA, Wardropper CB. Perceived Risk and Intentions to Practice Health Protective Behaviors in a Mining-Impacted Region. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7916. [PMID: 33126668 PMCID: PMC7672644 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effective risk communication strategies are critical to reducing lead exposure in mining-impacted communities. Understanding the strength of the associations between perceived risk and individuals' behavioral intentions to protect their health is important for developing these strategies. We conducted a survey within three communities of northern Idaho, USA (n = 306) in or near a Superfund Megasite with legacy mining contamination. Survey data were used to test a theoretical model based on the Health Belief Model. Respondents had higher intentions to practice health protective behaviors when they perceived the risk of lead contamination as severe and recognized the benefits of practicing health protective behaviors. Women reported higher behavioral intentions than men, but age and mining affiliation were not significantly associated with behavioral intentions. Although managing lead hazards in communities impacted by mining is challenging due to widely distributed contamination, effective health risk messages, paired with remediation, are powerful tools to protect the health and safety of residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Cooper
- Water Resources Graduate Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Jeff B. Langman
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | | | - Chantal A. Vella
- Department of Movement Sciences and WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - Chloe B. Wardropper
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
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van Geen A, Yao Y, Ellis T, Gelman A. Fallout of Lead Over Paris From the 2019 Notre-Dame Cathedral Fire. Geohealth 2020; 4:e2020GH000279. [PMID: 33855247 PMCID: PMC8027784 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The roof and spire of Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris that caught fire and collapsed on 15 April 2019 were covered with 460 t of lead (Pb). Government reports documented Pb deposition immediately downwind of the cathedral and a twentyfold increase in airborne Pb concentrations at a distance of 50 km in the aftermath. For this study, we collected 100 samples of surface soil from tree pits, parks, and other sites in all directions within 1 km of the cathedral. Concentrations of Pb measured by X-ray fluorescence range from 30 to 9,000 mg/kg across the area, with a higher proportion of elevated concentrations to the northwest of the cathedral, in the direction of the wind prevailing during the fire. By integrating these observations with a Gaussian process regression model, we estimate that the average concentration of Pb in surface soil downwind of the cathedral is 430 (95% interval, 300-590) mg/kg, nearly double the average Pb concentration in the other directions of 240 (95% interval, 170-320) mg/kg. The difference corresponds to an integrated excess Pb inventory within a 1 km radius of 1.0 (95% interval, 0.5-1.5) t, about 0.2% of all the Pb covering the roof and spire. This is over 6 times the estimated amount of Pb deposited downwind 1-50 km from the cathedral. To what extent the concentrated fallout within 1 km documented here temporarily exposed the downwind population to Pb is difficult to confirm independently because too few soil, dust, and blood samples were collected immediately after the fire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuling Yao
- Department of StatisticsColumbia UniversityNew York, NYUSA
| | - Tyler Ellis
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisadesNYUSA
| | - Andrew Gelman
- Department of StatisticsColumbia UniversityNew York, NYUSA
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Kumar A, Kumar A, M M S CP, Chaturvedi AK, Shabnam AA, Subrahmanyam G, Mondal R, Gupta DK, Malyan SK, S Kumar S, A Khan S, Yadav KK. Lead Toxicity: Health Hazards, Influence on Food Chain, and Sustainable Remediation Approaches. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2179. [PMID: 32218253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity has been a subject of interest for environmental scientists due to its toxic effect on plants, animals, and humans. An increase in several Pb related industrial activities and use of Pb containing products such as agrochemicals, oil and paint, mining, etc. can lead to Pb contamination in the environment and thereby, can enter the food chain. Being one of the most toxic heavy metals, Pb ingestion via the food chain has proven to be a potential health hazard for plants and humans. The current review aims to summarize the research updates on Pb toxicity and its effects on plants, soil, and human health. Relevant literature from the past 20 years encompassing comprehensive details on Pb toxicity has been considered with key issues such as i) Pb bioavailability in soil, ii) Pb biomagnification, and iii) Pb- remediation, which has been addressed in detail through physical, chemical, and biological lenses. In the review, among different Pb-remediation approaches, we have highlighted certain advanced approaches such as microbial assisted phytoremediation which could possibly minimize the Pb load from the resources in a sustainable manner and would be a viable option to ensure a safe food production system.
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Yang YL, Reddy KR, Zhang WJ, Fan RD, Du YJ. SHMP-Amended Ca-Bentonite/Sand Backfill Barrier for Containment of Lead Contamination in Groundwater. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E370. [PMID: 31935850 PMCID: PMC6981451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of using sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP)- amended calcium (Ca) bentonite in backfills for slurry trench cutoff walls for the containment of lead (Pb) contamination in groundwater. Backfills composed of 80 wt% sand and 20 wt% either Ca-bentonite or SHMP-amended Ca-bentonite were tested for hydraulic conductivity and sorption properties by conducting laboratory flexible-wall hydraulic conductivity tests and batch isothermal sorption experiments, respectively. The results showed that the SHMP amendment causes a one order of magnitude decrease in hydraulic conductivity of the backfill using tap water (1.9 to 3.0 × 10-10 m/s). Testing using 1000 mg/L Pb solution resulted insignificant variation in hydraulic conductivity of the amended backfill. Moreover, SHMP-amendment induced favorable conditions for increased sorption capacity of the backfill, with 1.5 times higher retardation factor relative to the unamended backfill. The Pb transport modeling through an hypothetical 1-m-thick slurry wall composed of amended backfill revealed 12 to 24 times of longer breakthrough time for Pb migration as compared to results obtained for the same thickness slurry wall with unamended backfill, which is attributed to decrease in seepage velocity combined with increase in retardation factor of the backfill with SHMP amendment. Overall, SHMP is shown to be a promising Ca-bentontie modifier for use in backfill for slurry trench cutoff wall for effective containment of Pb-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering & Environmental Safety; Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Krishna R. Reddy
- Department of Civil & Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;
| | - Ri-Dong Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Yan-Jun Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering & Environmental Safety; Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
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Sansom G, Cizmas L, Aarvig K, Dixon B, Kirsch KR, Katare A, Sansom L. Vulnerable Populations Exposed to Lead-Contaminated Drinking Water within Houston Ship Channel Communities. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16152745. [PMID: 31374814 PMCID: PMC6695821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent events have drawn increased attention to potential lead exposures from contaminated drinking water. Further, homes with older infrastructure are at greatest risk due to the presence of the disinfectant chemical chloramine, which can leach lead from older pipes. There is a growing need to determine the extent of lead leaching especially within vulnerable communities and homes with children. This pilot study collected survey data and performed lead analysis on drinking water in the small community of Manchester in Houston, TX. Manchester is characterized by industrial sites, flooding, and a low socioeconomic population. Surveys and water analyses were completed on randomly selected homes (N = 13) and documented perceptions of participants on their drinking water regarding presence and concentration of lead. Lead was discovered in 30.8% of homes ranging from 0.6 to 2.4 (µg/L), all below the US Environmental Protection Agency action level of 15 ppb, but above the water standard goals. These findings further suggest that contaminated water is a broad issue requiring concerted efforts to ensure the health of US residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garett Sansom
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Leslie Cizmas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kathleen Aarvig
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M School of Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Benika Dixon
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M School of Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Katie R Kirsch
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M School of Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Anjali Katare
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell St., College Station, TX 77840, USA
| | - Lindsay Sansom
- Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell St., College Station, TX 77840, USA
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Luo Z, Ma J, Chen F, Li X, Zhang S. Effects of Pb Smelting on the Soil Bacterial Community near a Secondary Lead Plant. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15051030. [PMID: 29783785 PMCID: PMC5982069 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Secondary lead smelting is a widespread industrial activity which has exacerbated Pb or Cd contamination of soil and water across the world. Soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, heavy metal concentrations, and bacterial diversity near a secondary lead plant in Xuzhou, China were examined in this study. The results showed that secondary lead smelting activities influenced nearby soils. Soil acidification decreased one order of magnitude, with a mean value of 7.3. Soil organic matter also showed a downward trend, while potassium and nitrogen appeared to accumulate. Soil urease and protease activity increased in samples with greater heavy metal pollution, but overall the soil microbial biodiversity decreased. Soil heavy metal concentration-especially Pb and Cd-greatly exceeded the concentrations of Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995). Some environmental factors-such as pH, organic matter, enzyme activity, and the concentration of heavy metals-significantly affected bacterial diversity: compared with the control site, the Chao1 estimator decreased about 50%, while the Shannon diversity index dropped approximately 20%. Moreover, some genera have significant relationships with heavy metal concentration-such as Ramlibacter with Zn and Steroidobacter with Cd-which might act as bio-indicators for soil remediation. These results will provide a new insight in the future for reclaiming soil contaminants caused by secondary lead smelting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbin Luo
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China.
- Low Carbon Energy Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China.
- Amap, Inra, Cnrs, Ird, Cirad, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Fu Chen
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China.
- Low Carbon Energy Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shaoliang Zhang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Othman ZAA. Lead contamination in selected foods from Riyadh city market and estimation of the daily intake. Molecules 2010; 15:7482-97. [PMID: 20975630 PMCID: PMC6259455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine lead contamination in 104 of the representative food items in the Saudi diet and to estimate the dietary lead intake of Saudi Arabians. Three samples of each selected food items were purchased from the local markets of Riyadh city, the capital of Saudi Arabia. Each pooled sample was analyzed in triplicate by ICP-AES after thorough homogenization. Sweets (0.011-0.199 μg/g), vegetables (0.002-0.195 μg/g), legumes (0.014-0.094 μg/g), eggs (0.079 μg/g), meat and meat products (0.013-0.068 μg/g) were the richest sources of lead. Considering the amounts of each food consumed, the major food sources of lead intake for Saudi can be arranged as follows: vegetables (25.4%), cereal and cereal products (24.2%), beverages (9.7%) sweets (8.2%), legumes (7.4%), fruits (5.4%) milk and milk products (5.1%). The daily intake of lead was calculated taking into account the concentration of this element in the edible part of the daily consumption data which were derived from two sources, (a) the KSA food sheet provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and (b) from questionnaires distributed among 300 families in Riyadh city. The results showed that the daily intakes of lead according to the two sources are 22.7 and 24.5 μg/person/day respectively, which are lower than that mentioned by The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), whereas it is comprabale with that of other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeid A Al Othman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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