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Storti M, Hsine H, Uwizeye C, Bastien O, Yee DP, Chevalier F, Decelle J, Giustini C, Béal D, Curien G, Finazzi G, Tolleter D. Tailoring confocal microscopy for real-time analysis of photosynthesis at single-cell resolution. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100568. [PMID: 37751690 PMCID: PMC10545909 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoautotrophs' environmental responses have been extensively studied at the organism and ecosystem level. However, less is known about their photosynthesis at the single-cell level. This information is needed to understand photosynthetic acclimation processes, as light changes as it penetrates cells, layers of cells, or organs. Furthermore, cells within the same tissue may behave differently, being at different developmental/physiological stages. Here, we describe an approach for single-cell and subcellular photophysiology based on the customization of confocal microscopy to assess chlorophyll fluorescence quenching by the saturation pulse method. We exploit this setup to (1) reassess the specialization of photosynthetic activities in developing tissues of non-vascular plants; (2) identify a specific subpopulation of phytoplankton cells in marine photosymbiosis, which consolidate energetic connections with their hosts; and (3) examine the link between light penetration and photoprotection responses inside the different tissues that constitute a plant leaf anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Storti
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Haythem Hsine
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Clarisse Uwizeye
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Bastien
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel P Yee
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabien Chevalier
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Johan Decelle
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Giustini
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Gilles Curien
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Dimitri Tolleter
- Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Morse PT, Tuck S, Kerns M, Goebel DJ, Wan J, Waddell T, Wider JM, Hüttemann CL, Malek MH, Lee I, Sanderson TH, Hüttemann M. Non-invasive treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury: Effective transmission of therapeutic near-infrared light into the human brain through soft skin-conforming silicone waveguides. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10496. [PMID: 37206207 PMCID: PMC10189478 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive delivery of near-infrared light (IRL) to human tissues has been researched as a treatment for several acute and chronic disease conditions. We recently showed that use of specific IRL wavelengths, which inhibit the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (COX), leads to robust neuroprotection in animal models of focal and global brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. These life-threatening conditions can be caused by an ischemic stroke or cardiac arrest, respectively, two leading causes of death. To translate IRL therapy into the clinic an effective technology must be developed that allows efficient delivery of IRL to the brain while addressing potential safety concerns. Here, we introduce IRL delivery waveguides (IDWs) which meet these demands. We employ a low-durometer silicone that comfortably conforms to the shape of the head, avoiding pressure points. Furthermore, instead of using focal IRL delivery points via fiberoptic cables, lasers, or light-emitting diodes, the distribution of the IRL across the entire area of the IDW allows uniform IRL delivery through the skin and into the brain, preventing "hot spots" and thus skin burns. The IRL delivery waveguides have unique design features, including optimized IRL extraction step numbers and angles and a protective housing. The design can be scaled to fit various treatment areas, providing a novel IRL delivery interface platform. Using fresh (unfixed) human cadavers and isolated cadaver tissues, we tested transmission of IRL via IDWs in comparison to laser beam application with fiberoptic cables. Using the same IRL output energies IDWs performed superior in comparison to the fiberoptic delivery, leading to an up to 95% and 81% increased IRL transmission for 750 and 940 nm IRL, respectively, analyzed at a depth of 4 cm into the human head. We discuss the unique safety features and potential further improvements of the IDWs for future clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Samuel Tuck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | - Dennis J. Goebel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical SciencesWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Tom Waddell
- Mitovation, Inc.Innovation Partnerships Startup Incubator University of Michigan North Campus Research ComplexAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Joseph M. Wider
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Charlotte L. Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Moh H. Malek
- Department of Health Care SciencesEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of MedicineDankook UniversityCheonan‐siChungcheongnam‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Thomas H. Sanderson
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and GeneticsWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
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3
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Wang L, Wu D, Yv S, Wang C, Guang X, Shi G, Yan Y, Xie L, Huang W, Li Z, Gao S, Zhang N. Structural and optical characterization of banknotes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:2073-2081. [PMID: 35769026 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Counterfeiting of banknotes remains a severe threat to economic security and social stability. The characterization of banknote has mainly relied on the assessment of various security features applied to the surface of the note. However, the surface features are easy to forge and contain insufficient information to discover the source. In this paper, a novel approach for banknote characterization has been proposed by employing spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) that can provide structural and optical features. Three groups of counterfeit Chinese 100 Yuan banknotes produced by different printing manners and one group of authentic banknotes were examined by SD-OCT without any sample preparation and four distinct areas were selected for imaging. High-resolution tomographic and three-dimensional (3D) volumetric OCT images were obtained and a set of features were first revealed to characterize the banknotes qualitatively and quantitatively. The results demonstrated that SD-OCT was effective to detect and classify different types of counterfeit banknotes and could potentially be used to link counterfeit banknotes to their sources in a fast, simple and nondestructive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Forensic Science and investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Siyi Yv
- Nuctech Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiaoli Guang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Gaojun Shi
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Yan
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Lanchi Xie
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Gao
- School of Forensic Science and investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
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4
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Lv Z, He S, Wang Y, Zhu X. Noble Metal Nanomaterials for NIR-Triggered Photothermal Therapy in Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001806. [PMID: 33470542 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is of great significance to develop anticancer therapeutic agents or technologies with high degree of specificity and patient compliance, while low toxicity. The emerging photothermal therapy (PTT) has become a new and powerful therapeutic technology due to its noninvasiveness, high specificity, low side effects to normal tissues and strong anticancer efficacy. Noble metal nanomaterials possess strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and synthetic tunability, which make them facile and effective PTT agents with superior optical and photothermal characteristics, such as high absorption cross-section, incomparable optical-thermal conversion efficiency in the near infrared (NIR) region, as well as the potential of bioimaging. By incorporating with various functional reagents such as antibodies, peptides, biocompatible polymers, chemo-drug and immune factors, noble metal nanomaterials have presented strong potential in multifunctional cancer therapy. Herein, the recent development regarding the application of noble metal nanomaterials for NIR-triggered PTT in cancer treatment is summarized. A variety of studies with good therapeutic effects against cancer from impressive photothermal efficacy of noble metal nanomaterials are concluded. Intelligent nanoplatforms through ingenious fabrication showing potential of multifunctional PTT, combined with chemo-therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), as well as simultaneous imaging modality are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqian Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Sijia He
- Cancer Center Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 650 Xinsongjiang Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Youfu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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5
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Morse PT, Goebel DJ, Wan J, Tuck S, Hakim L, Hüttemann CL, Malek MH, Lee I, Sanderson TH, Hüttemann M. Cytochrome c oxidase-modulatory near-infrared light penetration into the human brain: Implications for the noninvasive treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:554-567. [PMID: 33166061 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared light (IRL) has been evaluated as a therapeutic for a variety of pathological conditions, including ischemia/reperfusion injury of the brain, which can be caused by an ischemic stroke or cardiac arrest. Strategies have focused on modulating the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (COX), which has copper centers that broadly absorb IRL between 700 and 1,000 nm. We have recently identified specific COX-inhibitory IRL wavelengths that are profoundly neuroprotective in rodent models of brain ischemia/reperfusion through the following mechanism: COX inhibition by IRL limits mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization during reperfusion, which otherwise causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death. Prior to clinical application of IRL on humans, IRL penetration must be tested, which may be wavelength dependent. In the present study, four fresh (unfixed) cadavers and isolated cadaver tissues were used to examine the transmission of infrared light through human biological tissues. We conclude that the transmission of 750 and 940 nm IRL through 4 cm of cadaver head supports the viability of IRL to treat human brain ischemia/reperfusion injury and is similar for skin with different skin pigmentation. We discuss experimental difficulties of working with fresh cadavers and strategies to overcome them as a guide for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dennis J Goebel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Samuel Tuck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lara Hakim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Charlotte L Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Moh H Malek
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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6
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Han S, Roh D, Park J, Shin H. Design of Multi-Wavelength Optical Sensor Module for Depth-Dependent Photoplethysmography. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19245441. [PMID: 31835543 PMCID: PMC6960534 DOI: 10.3390/s19245441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The multi-wavelength photoplethysmography sensors were introduced to measure depth-dependent blood volume based on that concept that the longer the light wavelength, the deeper the penetration depth near visible spectrum band. In this study, we propose an omnidirectional optical sensor module that can measure photoplethysmogram while using multiple wavelengths, and describe implementation detail. The developed sensor is manufactured by making a hole in a metal plate and mounting an LED therein, and it has four wavelength LEDs of blue (460 nm), green (530 nm), red (660 nm), and IR (940 nm), being arranged concentrically around a photodetector. Irradiation light intensity was measured by photoluminescent test, and photoplethymogram was measured with each wavelength simultaneously at a periphery of the human body such as fingertip, earlobe, toe, forehead, and wrist, in order to evaluate the developed sensor. As a result, the developed sensor module showed a linear increase of irradiating light intensity according to the number of LEDs increases, and pulsatile waveforms were observed at all four wavelengths in all measuring sites.
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7
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Nakamura YA, Okuyama S, Furusawa A, Nagaya T, Fujimura D, Okada R, Maruoka Y, Eclarinal PC, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy through bone. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3689-3694. [PMID: 31553485 PMCID: PMC6890452 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a molecularly targeted cancer phototherapy that is based on injecting a conjugate of a silicon‐phthalocyanine derivative, IRdye 700DX (IR700), and a monoclonal antibody that targets an expressed antigen on the cancer cell surface. Subsequent local exposure to NIR light results in the rapid and highly selective immunogenic cell death of targeted cancer cells. Because many cancers grow in bones through which light does not penetrate well, the goal of this study was to determine if NIR‐PIT can effectively treat cancers in bone. A bovine rib was used as a bone sample. Because the sample’s NIR light transmittance was shown to be approximately 4.52% in preliminary tests, it was hypothesized that a maximum radiation dosage of 128 and 1500 J/cm2 would be sufficient to induce cell death in in vitro target cells and in vivo mouse tumor models, respectively. Cell viability was measured through bioluminescence studies comparing relative luciferase activity, as well as a cytotoxicity assay. In the in vitro model, tumor cell viability was significantly decreased after 64 and 128 J/cm2 NIR light irradiation through the bone. An in vivo mouse tumor model also showed that 1500 J/cm2 NIR light irradiation through the bone significantly reduced tumor viability at both 24 and 48 hours posttreatment compared to the control group (P = .026 and .040 respectively). Therefore, despite limitations in light transmission, NIR‐PIT nevertheless is capable of effectively treating cancers within bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Nakamura
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shuhei Okuyama
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daiki Fujimura
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ryuhei Okada
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Maruoka
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip C Eclarinal
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Aksnes DL, Røstad A, Kaartvedt S, Martinez U, Duarte CM, Irigoien X. Light penetration structures the deep acoustic scattering layers in the global ocean. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1602468. [PMID: 28580419 PMCID: PMC5451191 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The deep scattering layer (DSL) is a ubiquitous acoustic signature found across all oceans and arguably the dominant feature structuring the pelagic open ocean ecosystem. It is formed by mesopelagic fishes and pelagic invertebrates. The DSL animals are an important food source for marine megafauna and contribute to the biological carbon pump through the active flux of organic carbon transported in their daily vertical migrations. They occupy depths from 200 to 1000 m at daytime and migrate to a varying degree into surface waters at nighttime. Their daytime depth, which determines the migration amplitude, varies across the global ocean in concert with water mass properties, in particular the oxygen regime, but the causal underpinning of these correlations has been unclear. We present evidence that the broad variability in the oceanic DSL daytime depth observed during the Malaspina 2010 Circumnavigation Expedition is governed by variation in light penetration. We find that the DSL depth distribution conforms to a common optical depth layer across the global ocean and that a correlation between dissolved oxygen and light penetration provides a parsimonious explanation for the association of shallow DSL distributions with hypoxic waters. In enhancing understanding of this phenomenon, our results should improve the ability to predict and model the dynamics of one of the largest animal biomass components on earth, with key roles in the oceanic biological carbon pump and food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag L. Aksnes
- Department of Biology and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author.
| | - Anders Røstad
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Udane Martinez
- AZTI, Arrantza eta Elikaigintzarako Institutu Teknologikoa, Herrera Kaia Portualdea, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark
| | - Xabier Irigoien
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Mallidi S, Anbil S, Bulin AL, Obaid G, Ichikawa M, Hasan T. Beyond the Barriers of Light Penetration: Strategies, Perspectives and Possibilities for Photodynamic Therapy. Theranostics 2016; 6:2458-2487. [PMID: 27877247 PMCID: PMC5118607 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry based treatment modality that involves the generation of cytotoxic species through the interactions of a photosensitizer molecule with light irradiation of an appropriate wavelength. PDT is an approved therapeutic modality for several cancers globally and in several cases has proved to be effective where traditional treatments have failed. The key parameters that determine PDT efficacy are 1. the photosensitizer (nature of the molecules, selectivity, and macroscopic and microscopic localization etc.), 2. light application (wavelength, fluence, fluence rate, irradiation regimes etc.) and 3. the microenvironment (vascularity, hypoxic regions, stromal tissue density, molecular heterogeneity etc.). Over the years, several groups aimed to monitor and manipulate the components of these critical parameters to improve the effectiveness of PDT treatments. However, PDT is still misconstrued to be a surface treatment primarily due to the limited depths of light penetration. In this review, we present the recent advances, strategies and perspectives in PDT approaches, particularly in cancer treatment, that focus on increasing the 'damage zone' beyond the reach of light in the body. This is enabled by a spectrum of approaches that range from innovative photosensitizer excitation strategies, increased specificity of phototoxicity, and biomodulatory approaches that amplify the biotherapeutic effects induced by photodynamic action. Along with the increasing depth of understanding of the underlying physical, chemical and physiological mechanisms, it is anticipated that with the convergence of these strategies, the clinical utility of PDT will be expanded to a powerful modality in the armamentarium for the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Sriram Anbil
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
- The University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Anne-Laure Bulin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Megumi Ichikawa
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
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Bellasio C, Lundgren MR. Anatomical constraints to C4 evolution: light harvesting capacity in the bundle sheath. New Phytol 2016; 212:485-496. [PMID: 27375085 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In C4 photosynthesis CO2 assimilation and reduction are typically coordinated across mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS) cells, respectively. This system consequently requires sufficient light to reach BS to generate enough ATP to allow ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration in BS. Leaf anatomy influences BS light penetration and therefore constrains C4 cycle functionality. Using an absorption scattering model (coded in Excel, and freely downloadable) we simulate light penetration profiles and rates of ATP production in BS across the C3 , C3 -C4 and C4 anatomical continua. We present a trade-off for light absorption between BS pigment concentration and space allocation. C3 BS anatomy limits light absorption and benefits little from high pigment concentrations. Unpigmented BS extensions increase BS light penetration. C4 and C3 -C4 anatomies have the potential to generate sufficient ATP in the BS, whereas typical C3 anatomy does not, except some C3 taxa closely related to C4 groups. Insufficient volume of BS, relative to M, will hamper a C4 cycle via insufficient BS light absorption. Thus, BS ATP production and RuBP regeneration, coupled with increased BS investments, allow greater operational plasticity. We propose that larger BS in C3 lineages may be co-opted for C3 -C4 and C4 biochemistry requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bellasio
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Marjorie R Lundgren
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Arimoto H, Yanai M, Egawa M. Analysis of absorption and spreading of moisturizer on the microscopic region of the skin surface with near-infrared imaging. Skin Res Technol 2016; 22:505-512. [PMID: 27334342 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Near-infrared (NIR) light with high water absorption enables us to visualize the water content distribution appeared in the superficial skin layer. The light penetration depth with the wavelength of 1920 nm is almost 100 μm from the skin surface. Thus, the water distribution in the stratum corneum can be effectively imaged by detecting the wavelength band around 1920 nm. The aim of this article was to measure the time-lapse behavior of the tiny droplet of the moisturizer spreading on the skin surface by imaging in 1920 nm wavelength band for investigating the correlation with the traditional index of the skin condition such as the water content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). METHODS Experiment is performed with three moisturizer products and seven volunteer subjects. The NIR image is acquired by an originally designed imaging scope equipped with the white light of the strong brightness [super continuum (SC) light], the bandpass filter with the center wavelength of 1920 nm, and the NIR image sensor. A tiny droplet of the moisturizer is put on the surface of the skin and the time-lapse images are saved. Each acquired image is analyzed from a view point of the droplet area and elapsed time for absorption into the skin. The water content and TEWL of all subjects are measured by the conventional electrical method for investigating the relationship with the measured droplet dynamics parameters. RESULTS Elapsed time for moisturizer droplet to be absorbed into the skin, the droplet area just before absorption for three moisturizer products, skin water contents, and TEWL for seven subjects were measured and correlation coefficients for each parameters were calculated. It was found that the skin with higher water contents or lower TEWL absorbed the moisturizer faster and spreads moisturizer wider. Also absorption and spreading speed depend on moisturizer property (moisturizing or fresh) which is originated from the moisturizer constituents. CONCLUSION The correlation values between the moisturizer dynamics on the skin surface and the traditional index of the skin property were clarified. It was found that the skin with the high water content or low TEWL absorbs the moisturizer droplet fast. The spreading area depends not only on the skin property but on the constituents of the moisturizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Arimoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - M Yanai
- Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M Egawa
- Shiseido Research Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Jasinski MF, Stoll JD, Cook WB, Ondrusek M, Stengel E, Brunt K. Inland and Near Shore Water Profiles Derived from the High Altitude Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL). J Coast Res 2016; 76:44-55. [PMID: 31708604 PMCID: PMC6839786 DOI: 10.2112/si76-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2) mission is a six beam, low energy, high repetition rate, 532 nm laser transmitter with photon counting detectors. Although designed primarily for detecting height changes in icecaps, sea ice and vegetation, the polar-orbital satellite will observe global surface water during its designed three year life span, including inland water bodies, coasts, and open oceans. In preparation for the mission, an ICESat-2 prototype or the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), was built and flown on high altitude aircraft experiments over a range of inland and near-shore targets. The purpose was to test the ATLAS concept and to provide a database for developing an algorithm that detects along track surface water height and light penetration under a range of atmospheric and water conditions. The current analysis examines the datasets of three MABEL transects observed from 20 km above ground of coastal and inland waters conducted in 2012 and 2013. Transects ranged from about 2 to 12 km in length and included the middle Chesapeake Bay, the near shore Atlantic coast at Virginia Beach, and Lake Mead. Results indicate MABEL's high capability for retrieving surface water height statistics with a mean height precision of approximately 5-7 cm per 100m segment length. Profiles of attenuated subsurface backscatter, characterized using a Signal to Background Ratio written in Log10 base, or LSBR 0 , were observed over a range of 1.3 to 9.3 meters depending on water clarity and atmospheric background. Results indicate that observable penetration depth, although primarily dependent on water properties, was greatest when solar background rate was low. Near shore bottom reflectance was detected only at the Lake Mead site down to maximum of 10 m under a clear night sky and low turbidity of approximately 1.6 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). The overall results suggest that the feasibility of retrieving operational surface water height statistics from space-based photon counting systems such as ATLAS is very high for resolutions down to about 100m, even in partly cloudy conditions. The capability to observe subsurface backscatter profiles is achievable but requires much longer transects of several hundreds of meters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Jasinski
- Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, Code 617, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Jeremy D Stoll
- Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, Code 617, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706
| | - William B Cook
- Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, Code 612, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Michael Ondrusek
- Center for Satellite Applications and Research NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, College Park, MD
| | - Eric Stengel
- Center for Satellite Applications and Research NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, College Park, MD
| | - Kelly Brunt
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Code 615, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
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