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Mu Y, Li J, Zhang S, Zhong F, Zhang X, Song J, Yuan H, Tian T, Hu Y. Role of Lnc MALAT1-miR-141-3p/200a-3p-NRXN1 Axis in the Impairment of Learning and Memory Capacity in ADHD. Physiol Res 2023; 72:645-656. [PMID: 38015763 PMCID: PMC10751048 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As a prevalent neurodevelopmental disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) impairs the learning and memory capacity, and so far, there has been no available treatment option for long-term efficacy. Alterations in gene regulation and synapse-related proteins influence learning and memory capacity; nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism of synapse-related protein synthesis is still unclear in ADHD. LncRNAs have been found participating in regulating genes in multiple disorders. For instance, lncRNA Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) has an essential regulatory function in numerous psychiatric diseases. However, how MALAT1 influences synapse-related protein synthesis in ADHD remains largely unknown. Here, our study found that MALAT1 decreased in the hippocampus tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) compared to the standard controls, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Subsequent experiments revealed that MALAT1 enhanced the expression of neurexin 1 (NRXN1), which promoted the synapse-related genes (SYN1, PSD95, and GAP43) expression. Then, the bioinformatic analyses predicted that miR-141-3p and miR-200a-3p, microRNAs belonging to miR-200 family and sharing same seed sequence, could interact with MALAT1 and NRXN1 mRNA, which were further confirmed by luciferase report assays. Finally, rescue experiments indicated that MALAT1 influenced the expression of NRXN1 by sponging miR-141-3p/200a-3p. All data verified our hypothesis that MALAT1 regulated synapse-related proteins (SYN1, PSD95, and GAP43) through the MALAT1-miR-141-3p/200a-3p-NRXN1 axis in ADHD. Our research underscored a novel role of MALAT1 in the pathogenesis of impaired learning and memory capacity in ADHD and may shed more light on developing diagnostic biomarkers and more effective therapeutic interventions for individuals with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Children's Health Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. ,
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Liu K, Gao Y, Zhang Q. Prognostic significance of MALAT1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on TCGA and GEO. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35249. [PMID: 37713833 PMCID: PMC10508397 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) can regulate tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. However, there is little known about the tumor biology and regulatory mechanism of MALAT1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value and potential functions of MALAT1 in ccRCC based on the cancer genome atlas. Through bioinformatics research, we analyzed the expression of MALAT1 in ccRCC, and the relationship with clinicopathological features, overall survival and infiltration of immune cells, and established the prognostic models. The results showed that MALAT1 was highly expressed in ccRCC tissues and predicted poor ccRCC patient outcome. The expression level of MALAT1 was significantly correlated with histologic grade, pathologic grade, T stage, M stage. ROC curve showed that MALAT1 had a good diagnostic accuracy, area under the curve of 0.752. The univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis showed that high MALAT1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in the cancer genome atlas (hazard ratio = 2.271, 95% confidence interval: 1.435-3.593, P < .001). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that MALAT1 expression was associated with the DNA methylation, epigenetic regulation of gene expression signaling pathway. In addition, the prognostic models were established to predict 1-, 3- and 5-year survival. This study showed that high expression of MALAT1 might be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quanwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ding D, Wang D, Qin Y. A cuproptosis-related gene signature and associated regulatory axis in stomach adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34230. [PMID: 37505170 PMCID: PMC10378823 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a highly aggressive and extremely heterogeneous gastric cancer characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Cuproptosis, a copper (Cu)-triggered modality of mitochondrial cell death, could regulate tumor proliferation and metastasis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator cox regression analysis was constructed to develop a prognostic cuproptosis-related signature. A lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axis was performed to explore cuproptosis-related mechanism for STAD. The expression of FDX1, LIPT1, DLD, DLAT, PDHA1, PDHB, MTF1, GLS, and CDKN2A was upregulated in STAD versus normal tissue. We also summarized single nucleotide variants and copy number variation landscape of cuproptosis-related gene in STAD. Further analysis demonstrated that STAD patients with high expression of CDKN2A, DLD, GLS, and MTF1 and low expression of DLAT, FDX1, PDHA1 and PDHB had a poor overall survival (OS) and post progression survival (PPS) rate. By performing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator cox regression analysis, we constructed a cuproptosis-related prognostic signature for STAD. Further analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between FDX1 expression and immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB) score, microsatellite instability (MSI) score and drug sensitivity. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated FDX1 expression and clinical stage as independent factors affecting the prognosis of STAD patients. We also identified a lncRNA MALAT1/miR-328-3p/FDX1 regulatory axis for STAD. Multi-omics approaches were performed to develop a cuproptosis-related signature with 2 genes (FDX1 and MTF1) for STAD. We also identified a lncRNA MALAT1/miR-328-3p/FDX1 regulatory axis for STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Ding
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dianqian Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunsheng Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Beilun District, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Li S, Ma F, Jiang K, Shan H, Shi M, Chen B. Long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 promotes lung adenocarcinoma by directly interacting with specificity protein 1. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1346-1356. [PMID: 29575609 PMCID: PMC5980339 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (malat1) is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) which has been proven to be associated with various types of tumors. Transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) is overexpressed in many types of cancers. Previously, we observed that malat1 expression level is regulated by SP1 in lung cancer. In the present study, we found that transfection of expression construct of malat1 5' end fragment M5 enhances stability and transcriptional activity of SP1. Various SP1 target genes are also upregulated following overexpression of malat1 M5 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. We also showed that malat1 M5 interacts with the C-terminal domain of SP1 by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay coupled with UV cross-linking. Malat1-SP1 association results in increase of SP1 stability. In turn, SP1 promotes malat1 transcription, thus forming a positive feedback loop. In conclusion, our data show that in lung adenocarcinoma cells, malat1 interacts with SP1 protein and promotes SP1-mediated transcriptional regulation of SP1 target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of EducationDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical School of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of EducationDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical School of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kunpeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of EducationDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical School of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haitao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of EducationDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMedical School of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Minke Shi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Baojun Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
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李 姗, 周 良, 高 琳, 王 颖, 丁 振. [Role of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 promotes the occurrence and progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2018; 38:421-427. [PMID: 29735442 PMCID: PMC6765650 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in the occurrence and progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). METHODS Fifty-five tissue samples of CSCC and 10 normal epidermal tissues were collected for examination of the expression of MALAT1 using q-PCR and in situ hybridization. Human CSCC A431 cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs (siNC, siMALAT1-1, and siMALAT1-2) using Lipofectamine2000 to knock down MALAT1 gene, and the changes in the cell migration, invasion, mobility and proliferation were analyzed using Transwell assay, wound healing assay, and CCK-8 assay; the changes in the expressions of the related factors of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including E-cadherin, vimentin, and β-catenin, were detected using qRT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with normal tissues, CSCC tissues of different grades of differentiation all showed significantly increased expression of MALAT1 (P<0.001). In A431 cells, MALAT1 knockdown with siRNAs resulted in significantly lowered cell proliferation (P<0.001), migration (P<0.01), invasion (P<0.01), and mobility (P<0.01). Knocking down MALAT1 gene also caused significantly increased expressions of E-cadherin and β-catenin (P<0.01) and lowered the expression of vimentin (P<0.01) in A431 cells. CONCLUSION The long noncoding RNA MALAT1 promotes the occurrence and progression of CSCC and can potentially serve as a therapeutic target in treatment of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- 姗姗 李
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院放射医学系,广东 广州 510515Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 良 周
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院放射医学系,广东 广州 510515Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 琳 高
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院放射医学系,广东 广州 510515Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 颖慧 王
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院放射医学系,广东 广州 510515Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 振华 丁
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院放射医学系,广东 广州 510515Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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李 姗, 周 良, 高 琳, 王 颖, 丁 振. [Role of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 promotes the occurrence and progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2018; 38:421-427. [PMID: 29735442 PMCID: PMC6765650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in the occurrence and progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). METHODS Fifty-five tissue samples of CSCC and 10 normal epidermal tissues were collected for examination of the expression of MALAT1 using q-PCR and in situ hybridization. Human CSCC A431 cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs (siNC, siMALAT1-1, and siMALAT1-2) using Lipofectamine2000 to knock down MALAT1 gene, and the changes in the cell migration, invasion, mobility and proliferation were analyzed using Transwell assay, wound healing assay, and CCK-8 assay; the changes in the expressions of the related factors of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including E-cadherin, vimentin, and β-catenin, were detected using qRT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with normal tissues, CSCC tissues of different grades of differentiation all showed significantly increased expression of MALAT1 (P<0.001). In A431 cells, MALAT1 knockdown with siRNAs resulted in significantly lowered cell proliferation (P<0.001), migration (P<0.01), invasion (P<0.01), and mobility (P<0.01). Knocking down MALAT1 gene also caused significantly increased expressions of E-cadherin and β-catenin (P<0.01) and lowered the expression of vimentin (P<0.01) in A431 cells. CONCLUSION The long noncoding RNA MALAT1 promotes the occurrence and progression of CSCC and can potentially serve as a therapeutic target in treatment of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- 姗姗 李
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院放射医学系,广东 广州 510515Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 良 周
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院放射医学系,广东 广州 510515Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 琳 高
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院放射医学系,广东 广州 510515Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 颖慧 王
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院放射医学系,广东 广州 510515Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 振华 丁
- />南方医科大学公共卫生学院放射医学系,广东 广州 510515Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Xiong Y, Wang J, Zhu H, Liu L, Jiang Y. Chronic oxymatrine treatment induces resistance and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through targeting the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:967-976. [PMID: 29328404 PMCID: PMC5802036 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A major reason for colorectal cancer (CRC) chemoresistance is the enhanced migration and invasion of cancer cells, such as the cell acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been considered as a pro-oncogene in multiple cancers. However, the precise functional mechanism of lncRNA MALAT1 in chemoresistance and EMT is not well known. In the present study, we focused on the effect of oxymatrine on CRC cells and further investigated the role of MALAT1 in oxymatrine-induced resistance and EMT process. The human CRC cell line HT29 was exposed to increasing doses of oxymatrine to establish stable cell lines resistant to oxymatrine. The established HT29 oxymatrine resistant cells showed an EMT phenotype including specific morphologic changes, enhanced migratory and invasive capacity, and downregulation of E-cadherin protein expression. Subsequently, high-throughput HiSeq sequencing and RT-qPCR showed that lncRNA MALAT1 was significantly upregulated in the oxymatrine resistant cells (P<0.01), while knockdown of MALAT1 partially reversed the EMT phenotype in HT29 resistant cells. Furthermore, oxymatrine treatment suppressed the migration and invasion ability of CRC cells, however, this effect was significantly reversed by overexpression of MALAT1. Finally, we investigated the clinical role of MALAT1 and found that high lncRNA MALAT1 expression level is associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients receiving oxymatrine treatment (P<0.01). In conclusion, we demonstrate that lncRNA MALAT1 is a stimulator for oxymatrine resistance in CRC and it may provide therapeutic and prognostic information for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibai Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Huirong Zhu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, P.R. China
| | - Lingshuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, P.R. China
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Abstract
A significant portion of the human genome encodes genes that transcribe long nonprotein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). A large number of lncRNAs localize in the nucleus, either enriched on the chromatin or localized to specific subnuclear compartments. Nuclear lncRNAs participate in several biological processes, including chromatin organization, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression, and also act as structural scaffolds of nuclear domains. Here, we highlight recent studies demonstrating the role of lncRNAs in regulating gene expression and nuclear organization in mammalian cells. In addition, we update current knowledge about the involvement of the most-abundant and conserved lncRNA, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), in gene expression control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; These authors contributing equally
| | - Qinyu Hao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; These authors contributing equally
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Leti F, Legendre C, Still CD, Chu X, Petrick A, Gerhard GS, DiStefano JK. Altered expression of MALAT1 lncRNA in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis fibrosis regulates CXCL5 in hepatic stellate cells. Transl Res 2017; 190:25-39.e21. [PMID: 28993096 PMCID: PMC5705449 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we sought to identify long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients with histologic evidence of lobular inflammation and advanced fibrosis. We profiled lncRNA expression using RNA-sequencing of wedge liver biopsies from 24 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with normal liver histology, 53 NAFLD patients with lobular inflammation, and 65 NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis. Transcript profiling identified 4432 and 4057 differentially expressed lncRNAs in comparisons of normal tissue with lobular inflammation and fibrosis samples, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed lncRNA participation in transforming growth factor beta 1 and tumor necrosis factor signaling, insulin resistance, and extracellular matrix maintenance. Several lncRNAs were highly expressed in fibrosis relative to normal tissue, including nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1, hepatocellular carcinoma upregulated lncRNA, and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1). Two potential target mRNAs, syndecan 4 (SDC4), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) were identified for hepatocellular carcinoma upregulated lncRNA and MALAT1, respectively, but only CXCL5 showed differential expression among the different histologic classes. Knockdown of MALAT1 expression reduced CXCL5 transcript and protein levels by 50% and 30%, respectively, in HepG2 cells. The expression of MALAT1 and CXCL5 was upregulated in activated hepatic stellate (LX-2) cells compared to cells in the quiescent state, and MALAT1 expression was regulated by hyperglycemia and insulin in HepG2 cells, but only by insulin in LX-2 cells. Dysregulated lncRNA expression is associated with inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. Functionally relevant differences in MALAT1 expression may contribute to the development of fibrosis in NASH through mechanisms involving inflammatory chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xin Chu
- Geisinger Obesity Institute, Danville, Pa
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Abstract
The mammalian genome harbors thousands of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes. Recent studies have indicated the involvement of several of these lncRNAs in the regulation of gene expression. lncRNAs play crucial roles in various biological processes ranging from epigenetic gene regulation, transcriptional control,to post-transcriptional regulation. lncRNAs are localized in various subcellular compartments, and major proportion of these are retained in the cell nucleus and could be broadly classified as nuclear-retained lncRNAs (nrRNAs). Based on the identified functions,members of the nrRNAs execute diverse roles, including providing architectural support to the hierarchical subnuclear organization and influencing the recruitment of chromatin modifier factors to specific chromatin sites. In this review, we will summarize the recently described roles of mammalian nrRNAs in controlling gene expression by influencing chromatin organization, transcription,pre-mRNA processing, nuclear organization, and their involvement in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Singh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL-61801, USA
| | - Kannanganattu V. Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL-61801, USA
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Abstract
Malat1 is an abundant long, noncoding RNA that localizes to nuclear bodies known as nuclear speckles, which contain a distinct set of pre-mRNA processing factors. Previous studies in cell culture have demonstrated that Malat1 interacts with pre-mRNA splicing factors, including the serine- and arginine-rich (SR) family of proteins, and regulates a variety of biological processes, including cancer cell migration, synapse formation, cell cycle progression, and responses to serum stimulation. To address the physiological function of Malat1 in a living organism, we generated Malat1-knockout (KO) mice using homologous recombination. Unexpectedly, the Malat1-KO mice were viable and fertile, showing no apparent phenotypes. Nuclear speckle markers were also correctly localized in cells that lacked Malat1. However, the cellular levels of another long, noncoding RNA--Neat1--which is an architectural component of nuclear bodies known as paraspeckles, were down-regulated in a particular set of tissues and cells lacking Malat1. We propose that Malat1 is not essential in living mice maintained under normal laboratory conditions and that its function becomes apparent only in specific cell types and under particular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Research Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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