1
|
Ramachandran P, Grose C. Serious neurological adverse events in immunocompetent children and adolescents caused by viral reactivation in the years following varicella vaccination. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2538. [PMID: 38658176 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Serious adverse events following vaccination include medical complications that require hospitalisation. The live varicella vaccine that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States in 1995 has an excellent safety record. Since the vaccine is a live virus, adverse events are more common in immunocompromised children who are vaccinated inadvertently. This review includes only serious adverse events in children considered to be immunocompetent. The serious adverse event called varicella vaccine meningitis was first reported in a hospitalised immunocompetent child in 2008. When we carried out a literature search, we found 15 cases of immunocompetent children and adolescents with varicella vaccine meningitis; the median age was 11 years. Eight of the children had received two varicella vaccinations. Most of the children also had a concomitant herpes zoster rash, although three did not. The children lived in the United States, Greece, Germany, Switzerland, and Japan. During our literature search, we found five additional cases of serious neurological events in immunocompetent children; these included 4 cases of progressive herpes zoster and one case of acute retinitis. Pulses of enteral corticosteroids as well as a lack of herpes simplex virus antibody may be risk factors for reactivation in immunocompetent children. All 20 children with adverse events were treated with acyclovir and recovered; 19 were hospitalised and one child was managed as an outpatient. Even though the number of neurological adverse events remains exceedingly low following varicella vaccination, we recommend documentation of those caused by the vaccine virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ramachandran
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles Grose
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Virology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng X, Li T, Wu F, Liu D. Clinical Manifestation, mNGS Based Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Mucormycosis with Rhizopus delemar in a Diabetic Patient. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1379-1384. [PMID: 38618581 PMCID: PMC11011641 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s454029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary mucormycosis is a severe and often fatal disease that commonly affects patients with underlying conditions, such as diabetes. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for improving survival rates. However, clinical diagnosis remains challenging due to difficulty in obtaining etiological evidence. In this particular case, the patient presented with a cough-producing bloody sputum, and a chest CT revealed lesions in the right upper lobe of the lung. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus delemar through clinical bronchoscopy biopsy and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample. Subsequently, antifungal therapy using the less toxic Amphotericin B cholesterol Organosulfate complex was initiated, improving the patient's condition. In conclusion, our findings underscore the potential of mNGS to provide an accurate and rapid etiological diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis, offering a foundation for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Cheng
- The Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Genoxor Medical Science and Technology Inc., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengsheng Wu
- Genoxor Medical Science and Technology Inc., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- The Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui No.2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiang L, Deng X, Yang Y, Wang Z, Gai W. Disseminated Histoplasmosis Infection Diagnosed by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing: A Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:865-873. [PMID: 38468846 PMCID: PMC10926916 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s451564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Histoplasmosis is an endemic disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. This systemic disease can affect various organs beyond the lungs, such as the liver, spleen, adrenal gland, and lymph nodes. The clinical symptoms can range from asymptomatic to severe, life-threatening conditions, depending on the state of the patient's immune system. This report describes a 40-year-old male who presented with reports of weight loss, low back pain, and progressively worsening movement disorder of the bilateral lower extremities for months. Computed tomography (CT) examination showed multiple lytic lesions of vertebral bodies, bilateral ribs, and pelvic bone, histopathological examination and tumor-related serum markers exclude tumors. mNGS was employed to identify H. capsulatum var. capsulatum as the etiological agent of the lesions in the bone biopsy. Through phylogenetic tree analysis, Histoplasma capsulatum var. Capsulatum (Hcc) was the main responsible pathogen, rarely reported in bone lesions. The patient underwent spinal surgery and was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B and itraconazole. Based on the diagnosis and treatment of this case, we discuss the epidemiologic status, clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment guidelines of histoplasmosis to provide additional information about this disease. mNGS is utilized in this case, and it appears to be a reliable method for early and accurate diagnosis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Gai
- WillingMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia H, Liu H, Tu M, Wang Y, Wang X, Li J, Zhang G. Diagnostic efficacy of metagenomic next generation sequencing in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1223576. [PMID: 37692168 PMCID: PMC10484620 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1223576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the diagnostic efficacy of metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) for proven invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Methods A total of 190 patients including 53 patients who had been diagnosed with proven IPA were retrospectively analyzed. Using the pathological results of tissue biopsy specimens as gold standard, we ploted the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the optimal cut-off value of mNGS species-specific read number (SSRN) of Aspergillus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)for IPA. Furthermore, we evaluated optimal cut-off value of mNGS SSRN in different populations. Results The optimal cut-off value of Aspergillus mNGS SSRN in BALF for IPA diagnosis was 2.5 for the whole suspected IPA population, and 1 and 4.5 for immunocompromised and diabetic patients, respectively. The accuracy of mNGS was 80.5%, 73.7% and 85.3% for the whole population, immunocompromised and diabetic patients, respectively. Conclusions The mNGS in BALF has a high diagnostic efficacy for proven IPA, superioring to Aspergillus culture in sputum and BALF and GM test in blood and BALF. However, the cut-off value of SSRN should be adjusted when in different population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li S, Zhou P, Yang L, Tang T, Qin J, Qian J, Bo S, Yu S. Clinical Value of Sampling Time of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Severe Pneumonia. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5263-5274. [PMID: 37601559 PMCID: PMC10437727 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s424185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Severe pneumonia is a common infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. Early etiological diagnosis is crucial for improving the prognosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical value of sampling time of mNGS in patients with severe pneumonia. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 105 patients with severe pneumonia. mNGS was performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Patients were divided into the sampling time ≤ 72h vs sampling time >72h groups and survivors vs non-survivors groups according to their sampling time and prognosis. Clinical characteristics, the adjustment of antibiotics and clinical prognostic value were evaluated. Results Our study showed that, early sampling of mNGS can significantly shorten the mechanical ventilation time (p = 0.007) and hospitalization time (p = 0.004). In the non-survivors group, CURB-65, SOFA, and APACHE II scores were higher. Age (OR: 1.051, 95% CI: 1.004-1.100, p = 0.034), chronic respiratory diseases (OR: 4.639, 95% CI: 1.260-17.082, p = 0.021), immunosuppression (OR: 5.008, 95% CI: 1.617-15.510, p = 0.005) and SOFA score on the day of mNGS sampling (OR: 1.492, 95% CI: 1.212-1.837, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality. The most common pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Human gammaherpesvirus 4. The proportion of appropriate and targeted antibiotics adjusted was significantly higher than that in the sampling time > 72h group, and the proportion of antifungal and antiviral agents adjusted was lower. In the early sampling group, it was significantly decreased in the CRP, PCT level and NEU% at discharge. Conclusion This study demonstrated that early sampling of mNGS could shorten the time of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization of patients with severe pneumonia. Patients with higher SOFA score on the day of sampling had a poorer prognosis. It emphasizes that early sampling of mNGS has a positive value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shixiao Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianbin Tang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Qin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Qian
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen Bo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sufei Yu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang R, Li X, Xu Y, Zhang L, Mao M, Wang C, Zhang D, Lang T. Disseminated visceral Kaposi's sarcoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231172871. [PMID: 37170644 PMCID: PMC10184207 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231172871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cases of disseminated visceral Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are very rare worldwide, and disseminated visceral KS is often rapidly progressive and life-threatening, especially in paediatric patients. Here, the case of a 6-year-old female patient with disseminated visceral KS after allogeneic HSCT for treating severe aplastic anaemia is presented. The authors encountered difficulties in making the diagnosis due to lack of experience, but the diagnosis was achieved relatively quickly and accurately using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. After tapering and withdrawal of immunosuppressant drugs, the patient's condition was controlled. In conclusion, although HSCT-related KS is very rare, it should be considered during differential diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RuMin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - XueGuo Li
- Department of Haematology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - YanFang Xu
- Department of Haematology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Haematology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Min Mao
- Department of Haematology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - DeZhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Lang
- Department of Haematology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li JC, Nie G, Dai HF. A Case of Spontaneous Mediastinal and Subcutaneous Emphysema in a Patient with HIV-Infected Pneumonia. Curr HIV Res 2022; 20:479-484. [PMID: 36043739 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x20666220829143802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a chronic infectious disease with high mortality and is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Pneumonia caused by HIV is common, but it rarely causes spontaneous mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema. CASE PRESENTATION A 21-year-old man with severe pneumonia was hospitalized owing to dyspnea that had been persisting for 1 day; blood test results confirmed HIV infection. Initial chest Computed Tomography (CT) did not reveal mediastinal or subcutaneous emphysema. However, after 21 days of treatment, the patient experienced discomfort in the neck region and experienced the feeling of snowflakes on applying pressure. Chest CT showed mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema, located in the bilateral cervical roots, anterior upper chest wall, left axillary chest wall, mediastinum, and other parts. Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) of the sputum and blood samples suggested multiple pathogenic infections. Antiinfection treatment was initiated, and changes in the patient's condition were monitored. The patient's subcutaneous emphysema improved during the follow-up. CONCLUSION In HIV-infected patients with sudden mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema, mNGS can be used to determine the etiological agent during symptomatic treatment. Targeted antipathogen therapy is helpful in improving the condition of patients with subcutaneous emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Hai-Feng Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Tao J, Chen W, Wang T, Chen X, Shen M, Ou Q, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Wu J, Cheng X, Lu G, Yan G. The application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis in a pediatric patient: A case report. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1003013. [PMID: 36339212 PMCID: PMC9631770 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1003013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis (AEM) is a rare yet emerging disease caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. Its atypical symptoms may delay the diagnosis and cause fatal outcomes, especially in the early stages of infection and among children. Case presentation Here we reported the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of an 8-year-old boy with severe A. cantonensis infection. The mNGS tests consistently identified the infection of A. cantonensis prior to the detection by the immunologic method and confirmed it as AEM. Owing to the multidisciplinary team (MDT)-administrated treatments and close disease monitoring based on regular clinical tests and sequential mNGS tests, the patients eventually fully recovered from severe infectious conditions. Conclusion This case demonstrated the advantages of mNGS for early diagnosis of AEM in pediatric patients, highlighting its application for pan-pathogen detection, as well as disease monitoring for severe A. cantonensis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhao Tao
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China,Department of Research and Development, Nanjing Dinfectome Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Meili Shen
- Department of Medical, Nanjing Dinfectome Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ou
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Yunjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Ding
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jufang Wu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Guoping Lu
| | - Gangfeng Yan
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China,Gangfeng Yan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dehority W, Janowski AB, Messacar K, Polgreen PM, Beekmann SE. Variability in the Use of Novel Diagnostic Technology in Children With Suspected Encephalitis and in the Management of Emerging Encephalitides by Pediatric Infectious Disease Providers. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2020; 10:529-532. [PMID: 33347568 PMCID: PMC8087119 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We surveyed pediatric infectious disease physicians through the Infectious Disease Society of America's Emerging Infections Network regarding the diagnosis and management of encephalitis. We identified practice variations, particularly with the use of new diagnostic modalities and management of autoimmune encephalitides. These findings may inform the creation of updated management guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Dehority
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA,Corresponding Author: Walter Dehority, MD, MSc, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC10 5590. Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. E-mail:
| | - Andrew B Janowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kevin Messacar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip M Polgreen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Susan E Beekmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Casto AM, Adler AL, Makhsous N, Crawford K, Qin X, Kuypers JM, Huang ML, Zerr DM, Greninger AL. Prospective, Real-time Metagenomic Sequencing During Norovirus Outbreak Reveals Discrete Transmission Clusters. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:941-948. [PMID: 30576430 PMCID: PMC6735836 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norovirus outbreaks in hospital settings are a common challenge for infection prevention teams. Given the high burden of norovirus in most communities, it can be difficult to distinguish between ongoing in-hospital transmission of the virus and new introductions from the community, and it is challenging to understand the long-term impacts of outbreak-associated viruses within medical systems using traditional epidemiological approaches alone. METHODS Real-time metagenomic sequencing during an ongoing norovirus outbreak associated with a retrospective cohort study. RESULTS We describe a hospital-associated norovirus outbreak that affected 13 patients over a 27-day period in a large, tertiary, pediatric hospital. The outbreak was chronologically associated with a spike in self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms among staff. Real-time metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of norovirus genomes demonstrated that 10 chronologically overlapping, hospital-acquired norovirus cases were partitioned into 3 discrete transmission clusters. Sequencing data also revealed close genetic relationships between some hospital-acquired and some community-acquired cases. Finally, this data was used to demonstrate chronic viral shedding by an immunocompromised, hospital-acquired case patient. An analysis of serial samples from this patient provided novel insights into the evolution of norovirus within an immunocompromised host. CONCLUSIONS This study documents one of the first applications of real-time mNGS during a hospital-associated viral outbreak. Given its demonstrated ability to detect transmission patterns within outbreaks and elucidate the long-term impacts of outbreak-associated viral strains on patients and medical systems, mNGS constitutes a powerful resource to help infection control teams understand, prevent, and respond to viral outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Casto
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Amanda L Adler
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Negar Makhsous
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Xuan Qin
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jane M Kuypers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Danielle M Zerr
- Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | |
Collapse
|