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Supuran CT. Drug interactions of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:143-155. [PMID: 38450431 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2328152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) have been established drug targets for decades, with their inhibitors and activators possessing relevant pharmacological activity and applications in various fields. At least 11 sulfonamides/sulfamates are clinically used as diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, or antiobesity agents and one derivative, SLC-0111, is in clinical trials as antitumor/antimetastatic agent. The activators were less investigated with no clinically used agent. AREAS COVERED Drug interactions between CA inhibitors/activators and various other agents are reviewed in publications from the period March 2020 - January 2024. EXPERT OPINION Drug interactions involving these agents revealed several interesting findings. Acetazolamide plus loop diuretics is highy effective in acute decompensated heart failure, whereas ocular diseases such as X-linked retinoschisis and macular edema were treated by acetazolamide plus bevacizumab or topical NSAIDs. Potent anti-infective effects of acetazolamide and other CAIs, alone or in combination with other agents were demonstrated for the management of Neisseria gonorrhoea, vancomycin resistant enterococci, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Trichinella spiralis, and Cryptococcus neoformans infections. Topiramate, in combination with phentermine is incresingly used for the management of obesity, whereas zonisamide plus levodopa is highly effective for Parkinson's disease. Acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, and SLC-0111 showed synergistic antitumor/antimetastatic action in combination with many other antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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An H, Ma H, Wu C, Cui C, Wu L, Zhao W, Cui B, Li S, Wu D, Hu W, Ji X. Remote ischemic conditioning improves cerebral hemodynamics in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis: A PET/CT-guided randomized controlled study. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25324. [PMID: 38515341 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis (sICAS) suffer embarrassed hemodynamic status and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) recurrence. We aimed to assess the efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) on improving this status by evaluating cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral glucose metabolism (CGM) via PET/CT. Adult patients with unilateral sICAS in middle cerebral artery and/or intracranial segment of internal carotid artery-related AIS or transient ischemic attack within 6 months prior to randomization were enrolled. Individuals who received intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular treatment, or sICAS caused by cardiac embolism, small vessel occlusion, or other determined causes were excluded. Twenty-three eligible patients were randomly assigned to standard medical treatment (SMT) (n = 10) or RIC group (n = 13). The RIC protocol consisted of 5 cycles, each for 5-min bilateral upper limb ischemia and 5-min reperfusion period, twice a day, with a total duration of 3 months. Ten healthy volunteers were enrolled as healthy control group. We tested CBF and CGM at the rest stage and the methazolamide-induced stress stage. All patients received PET/CT at baseline and three-month followup. Both CBF and CGM in ipsilateral hemisphere of sICAS patients were significantly decreased at the rest stage and the stress stage (p < .05), which were improved by three-month RIC (p < .05). The lesions decreased notably in RIC group compared to SMT group (p < .05). RIC ameliorated the hemodynamic status and glucose metabolism in regions at high risk of infarction, which might improve the resistance capacity towards ischemic load in sICAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong An
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Cerebrovascular and Neuroscience Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongrui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjie Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bixiao Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Cerebrovascular and Neuroscience Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Hu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Cerebrovascular and Neuroscience Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Rump K, Koos B, Ziehe D, Thon P, Rahmel T, Palmowski L, Marko B, Wolf A, Witowski A, Bazzi Z, Bazzi M, Orlowski J, Adamzik M, Bergmann L, Unterberg M. Methazolamide Reduces the AQP5 mRNA Expression and Immune Cell Migration-A New Potential Drug in Sepsis Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:610. [PMID: 38203778 PMCID: PMC10779206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the dysregulated host response to infection. Novel therapeutic options are urgently needed and aquaporin inhibitors could suffice as aquaporin 5 (Aqp5) knockdown provided enhanced sepsis survival in a murine sepsis model. Potential AQP5 inhibitors provide sulfonamides and their derivatives. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that sulfonamides reduce AQP5 expression in different conditions. The impact of sulfonamides on AQP5 expression and immune cell migration was examined in cell lines REH and RAW 264.7 by qPCR, Western blot and migration assay. Subsequently, whether furosemide and methazolamide are capable of reducing AQP5 expression after LPS incubation was investigated in whole blood samples of healthy volunteers. Incubation with methazolamide (10-5 M) and furosemide (10-6 M) reduced AQP5 mRNA and protein expression by about 30% in REH cells. Pre-incubation of the cells with methazolamide reduced cell migration towards SDF1-α compared to non-preincubated cells to control level. Pre-incubation with methazolamide in PBMCs led to a reduction in LPS-induced AQP5 expression compared to control levels, while furosemide failed to reduce it. Methazolamide appears to reduce AQP5 expression and migration of immune cells. However, after LPS administration, the reduction in AQP5 expression by methazolamide is no longer possible. Hence, our study indicates that methazolamide is capable of reducing AQP5 expression and has the potential to be used in sepsis prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rump
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (B.K.); (D.Z.); (P.T.); (T.R.); (L.P.); (B.M.); (A.W.); (A.W.); (Z.B.); (M.B.); (J.O.); (M.A.); (M.U.)
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4
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Zhang N, Su T, Yan J, Zhang M, Zhao S, Liu C, Chen T. Case report: Successful immunomodulators combined with electromagnetic field therapy in a patient with methazolamide-induced Steven Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1192920. [PMID: 37305125 PMCID: PMC10248229 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1192920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methazolamide is used to treat patients with glaucoma. However, as a sulfonamide derivative, methazolamide shares the same adverse reaction profile as other sulfa-based medications. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare delayed-type hypersensitivity cutaneous reactions with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we report a severe SJS/TEN overlap syndrome in an 85-year-old Chinese male patient who received methazolamide 25 mg twice daily for his left eye glaucoma. The causal relationship between SJS/TEN and methazolamide was categorized as "highly likely" on the algorithm for assessing drug causality for epidermal necrolysis. In addition to the treatments with methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin, we used a special electromagnetic spectrum therapeutic apparatus to provide skin wound care. The patient had a thoroughly satisfying recovery. This is the first case report to use electromagnetic field therapy in a patient with SJS/TEN. We share our experience here and suggest that electromagnetic field therapy can provide advanced skin wound care and facilitate the recovery of SJS/TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiju Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Tianjiao Su
- Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jingwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shousong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanmiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Tianping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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5
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Shen Q, He Q, Pan Y, Sun C. Detection, identification, characterization, and HPLC quantification of five impurities from a methazolamide product. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3128-3138. [PMID: 35691018 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methazolamide is an important carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and is mainly used for the treatment of glaucoma. Studies are extremely rare regarding the impurities in methazolamide products. In this work, the HPLC/HPLC-MS methods were established for the analysis of impurities in methazolamide products. Five impurities (A, B, C, D and E) were detected using the established HPLC/HPLC-MS methods. Of these impurities, impurities A, B, and D are known compounds, and impurities C and E are novel compounds that have never been reported before. The identities of impurities A, B, D, and E were recognized by comparing their retention times and mass spectra with those of synthesized standard compounds under the same HPLC-MS conditions. Moreover, the structures of impurities C and E were characterized using a variety of analytical techniques including multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transforming infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. All of the five impurities are structural analogs of methazolamide. The formation mechanisms of these impurities were discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Hangzhou Qianyuan Pollen Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Quan He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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6
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Li Z, Peng M, Chen P, Liu C, Hu A, Zhang Y, Peng J, Liu J, Li Y, Li W, Zhu W, Guan D, Zhang Y, Chen H, Li J, Fan D, Huang K, Lin F, Zhang Z, Guo Z, Luo H, He X, Zhu Y, Li L, Huang B, Cai W, Gu L, Lu Y, Deng K, Yan L, Chen S. Imatinib and methazolamide ameliorate COVID-19-induced metabolic complications via elevating ACE2 enzymatic activity and inhibiting viral entry. Cell Metab 2022; 34:424-440.e7. [PMID: 35150639 PMCID: PMC8832557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a systemic disease that may cause severe metabolic complications in multiple tissues including liver, kidney, and cardiovascular system. However, the underlying mechanisms and optimal treatment remain elusive. Our study shows that impairment of ACE2 pathway is a key factor linking virus infection to its secondary metabolic sequelae. By using structure-based high-throughput virtual screening and connectivity map database, followed with experimental validations, we identify imatinib, methazolamide, and harpagoside as direct enzymatic activators of ACE2. Imatinib and methazolamide remarkably improve metabolic perturbations in vivo in an ACE2-dependent manner under the insulin-resistant state and SARS-CoV-2-infected state. Moreover, viral entry is directly inhibited by these three compounds due to allosteric inhibition of ACE2 binding to spike protein on SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, our study shows that enzymatic activation of ACE2 via imatinib, methazolamide, or harpagoside may be a conceptually new strategy to treat metabolic sequelae of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Meixiu Peng
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Pin Chen
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chenshu Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ao Hu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China
| | - Dongxian Guan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Hongyin Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Jiuzhou Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Dongxiao Fan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Kan Huang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Fen Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Zefeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Zeling Guo
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hengli Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xi He
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Bingding Huang
- College of Big Data and Internet, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, China
| | - Weikang Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Lei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research and Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Yutong Lu
- National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
| | - Sifan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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Yuan L, Wang M, Liu T, Lei Y, Miao Q, Li Q, Wang H, Zhang G, Hou Y, Chang X. Carbonic Anhydrase 1-Mediated Calcification Is Associated With Atherosclerosis, and Methazolamide Alleviates Its Pathogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:766. [PMID: 31354482 PMCID: PMC6635697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an important pathogenic process in atherosclerosis (AS); however, its immediate cause is unknown. Our previous study demonstrated that carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) stimulates ossification and calcification in ankylosing spondylitis and breast cancer. The current study investigated whether CA1 plays an important role in AS calcification and whether the CA inhibitor methazolamide (MTZ) has a therapeutic effect on AS. We successfully established an AS model by administration of a high-fat diet to apolipoprotein E (ApoE−/−) mice. The treated animals had significantly increased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and nitric oxide (NO) and decreased serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), interleukin (IL-6), interferon (IFN)-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1/keratinocyte-derived chemokine (CXCL1/KC), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). The treated mice also had reduced AS plaque areas and fat accumulation, with no clear calcium deposition in the intima of the blood vessels. CA1 expression was significantly increased in the aortic lesions, particularly in calcified regions, but the expression was dramatically lower in the mice that received MTZ treatment or MTZ preventive treatment. CA1 was also highly expressed in human AS tissues and in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with β-glycerophosphate (㒐β-GP)-induced calcification. Acetazolamide (AZ), a CA inhibitor with a chemical structure similar to MTZ, markedly suppressed calcification and reduced CA1, IL-6, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and TNF-α expression in cultured VSMCs. Anti-CA1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) significantly suppressed calcification, cell proliferation, and migration, promoted apoptosis, and reduced IL-6, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and TNF-α secretion in cultured VSMCs. These results demonstrated that CA1 expression and CA1-mediated calcification are significantly associated with AS progression. MTZ significantly alleviated AS and suppressed CA1 expression and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, indicating the potential use of this drug for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Medical Research Center of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Cardiac Surgery Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Cardiac Surgery Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinsheng Lei
- Cardiac Surgery Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Miao
- Cardiac Surgery Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Quan Li
- Cardiac Surgery Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Medical Research Center of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Medical Research Center of the Hospital Affiliated with Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Cardiology Department of Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of the Hospital Affiliated with Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Boulet LM, Teppema LJ, Hackett HK, Dominelli PB, Cheyne WS, Dominelli GS, Irwin DC, Buehler PW, Baek JH, Swenson ER, Foster GE. Attenuation of human hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by acetazolamide and methazolamide. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1795-1803. [PMID: 30236048 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00509.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used for preventing altitude illness attenuates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) while improving oxygenation. Methazolamide, an analog of acetazolamide, is more lipophilic, has a longer half-life, and activates a major antioxidant transcription factor. However, its influence on the hypoxic pulmonary response in humans is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine if a clinically relevant dosing of methazolamide improves oxygenation, attenuates HPV and augments plasma antioxidant capacity in men exposed to hypoxia when compared to an established dosing of acetazolamide known to suppress HPV. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial, eleven participants were randomized to treatments with methazolamide (100mg b.i.d.) and acetazolamide (250mg t.i.d.) for two days prior to 60 minutes of hypoxia (FIO2≈0.12). MEASUREMENTS Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), alveolar ventilation (V̇A), blood gases and markers of redox status were measured. Pulmonary vascular sensitivity to hypoxia was determined by indexing PASP to alveolar PO2. RESULTS Acetazolamide caused greater metabolic acidosis compared with methazolamide, but the augmented V̇A and improved oxygenation with hypoxia were similar. The rise in PASP with hypoxia was lower with methazolamide (9.0 ± 0.9 mmHg) and acetazolamide (8.0 ± 0.7 mmHg) compared with placebo (14.1 ± 1.3 mmHg; P < 0.05). The pulmonary vascular sensitivity to hypoxia (ΔPASP/ΔPAO2) was reduced equally by both drugs. Only acetazolamide improved the non-enzymatic plasma antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSIONS Although acetazolamide only had plasma antioxidant properties, methazolamide led to similar improvements in oxygenation and reduction in HPV at a dose causing less metabolic acidosis than acetazolamide in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc J Teppema
- Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Heather K Hackett
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia
| | | | | | | | - David C Irwin
- Division of Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, United States
| | | | | | | | - Glen Edward Foster
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Canada
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Solesio ME, Peixoto PM, Debure L, Madamba SM, de Leon MJ, Wisniewski T, Pavlov EV, Fossati S. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition selectively prevents amyloid β neurovascular mitochondrial toxicity. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12787. [PMID: 29873184 PMCID: PMC6052473 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a causal role in the etiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently showed that the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) methazolamide (MTZ) prevents amyloid β (Aβ)-mediated onset of apoptosis in the mouse brain. In this study, we used MTZ and, for the first time, the analog CAI acetazolamide (ATZ) in neuronal and cerebral vascular cells challenged with Aβ, to clarify their protective effects and mitochondrial molecular mechanism of action. The CAIs selectively inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction pathways induced by Aβ, without affecting metabolic function. ATZ was effective at concentrations 10 times lower than MTZ. Both MTZ and ATZ prevented mitochondrial membrane depolarization and H2 O2 generation, with no effects on intracellular pH or ATP production. Importantly, the drugs did not primarily affect calcium homeostasis. This work suggests a new role for carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in the Aβ-induced mitochondrial toxicity associated with AD and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and paves the way to AD clinical trials for CAIs, FDA-approved drugs with a well-known profile of brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E. Solesio
- Department of Basic SciencesNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkNew York
| | - Pablo M. Peixoto
- Department of Natural SciencesBaruch CollegeGraduate CenterThe City University of New YorkNew YorkNew York
| | - Ludovic Debure
- Department of PsychiatryNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
| | - Stephen M. Madamba
- Department of Natural SciencesBaruch CollegeGraduate CenterThe City University of New YorkNew YorkNew York
| | - Mony J. de Leon
- Department of PsychiatryNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Department of NeurologyCenter for Cognitive NeurologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
| | - Evgeny V. Pavlov
- Department of Basic SciencesNew York University College of DentistryNew YorkNew York
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Department of PsychiatryNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
- Department of NeurologyCenter for Cognitive NeurologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
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Sasabe T, Maeda S, Kishida K, Yamano M, Miwa Y, Sugiyama T. The Metabolism of Methazolamide in Immortalized Human Keratinocytes, HaCaT Cells. Drug Metab Lett 2017; 10:295-305. [PMID: 28137210 PMCID: PMC5403967 DOI: 10.2174/1872312811666170127160931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug therapy is occasionally accompanied by an idiosyncratic severe toxicity, which occurs very rarely, but can lead to patient mortality. Methazolamide, an anti-glaucomatous agent, could cause severe skin eruptions called Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolyis (SJS/TEN). Its precise etiology is still uncertain. In this study, the metabolism of methazolamide was investigated in immortalized human keratinocytes to reveal the possible mechanism which causes SJS/TEN. METHODS The metabolism of methazolamide was studied using immortalized human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. HPLC was used to isolate a metabolite from the culture medium. Mass spectrometry (LCMS/ MS) was employed for its characterization. Three typical chemical inducers were assessed for the inducibility of cytochrome P450, and methimazole was used as the inhibitor of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO). RESULTS A sulfonic acid, N-[3-methyl-5-sulfo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]acetamide (MSO) was identified as the final metabolite. Dexamethasone and β-naphthoflavone behaved as an inducer of cytochrome P450 in the metabolism, but isoniazid did not. The effect of methimazole was not consistent. We did not detect any glucuronide nor any mercapturic acid (N-acetylcysteine conjugate). CONCLUSION N-[3-methyl-5-sulfo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]acetamide (MSO) is not considered to be a direct product of an enzymatic reaction, but rather an auto-oxidation product of N-[3-methyl-5- sulfe-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]acetamide, a chemically unstable sulfenic acid, which is produced by cytochrome P450 from the β-lyase product of cysteine conjugate of methazolamide. MSO is considered to be susceptible to glutathione and to return to glutathione conjugate of methazolamide, forming a futile cycle. A hypothetical scenario is presented as to the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Sasabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, 3-7-1 Habikino, Habikino-shi Osaka 583-8588. Japan
| | - Shinichiro Maeda
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka University Hospital, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871. Japan
| | - Kenichi Kishida
- School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka 583-8555. Japan
| | - Mariko Yamano
- School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka 583-8555. Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka University Hospital, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871. Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sugiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo, Akita 010-8543. Japan
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Song J, Luo S, Cheng X, Yue D, Zhu W, Lin J, Huang J, Lu J, Zhao C, Qiao K. Clinical features and long exercise test in Chinese patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome. Muscle Nerve 2016; 54:1059-1063. [PMID: 27145478 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a rare multisystem channelopathy characterized by periodic paralysis, ventricular arrhythmias, and developmental dysmorphology. There are few reports concerning ATS in the Chinese population. We analyzed clinical features and evaluated the long exercise test as a tool for diagnosis of periodic paralysis in ATS. METHODS Direct sequencing of KCNJ2 was performed in 12 subjects from mainland China with suspected ATS. Clinical features, therapeutic responses, and long exercise tests (LET) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Twelve patients were genetically confirmed to have ATS. A small mandible and clinodactyly were demonstrated in all patients. Premature ventricular contractions were the most prevalent form of cardiac arrhythmia. The LET revealed an early amplitude decrement. CONCLUSIONS Chinese ATS patients shared some common clinical features with reported subjects in other countries. An early amplitude decrement in LET may be useful for diagnosis of ATS. Muscle Nerve 54: 1059-1063, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sushan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyue Yue
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of clinical electrophysiology, Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qiao
- Department of clinical electrophysiology, Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
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12
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Abstract
Since drugs bind to their targets through directional H bonding and non-directional hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, neutron crystallography can help guide structure-based drug design. This is illustrated by McKenna and co-workers [Aggarwal et al. (2016), IUCrJ, 3, 319-325] who describe the room-temperature neutron structure of human carbonic anyhydrase II in complex with the clinical inhibitor methazolamide to 2.2 Å resolution, and compare this with the previously determined room-temperature neutron structure of human carbonic anyhydrase II in complex with the clinical inhibitor acetazolamide to 2.0 Å resolution [Fisher et al. (2012). J. Am. Chem. Soc.134, 14726-14729].
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Blakeley
- Large-Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
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Aggarwal M, Kovalevsky AY, Velazquez H, Fisher SZ, Smith JC, McKenna R. Neutron structure of human carbonic anhydrase II in complex with methazolamide: mapping the solvent and hydrogen-bonding patterns of an effective clinical drug. IUCrJ 2016; 3:319-325. [PMID: 28461893 PMCID: PMC5391854 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252516010514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) catalyze the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3-, and their inhibitors have long been used as diuretics and as a therapeutic treatment for many disorders such as glaucoma and epilepsy. Acetazolamide (AZM) and methazolamide (MZM, a methyl derivative of AZM) are two of the classical CA inhibitory drugs that have been used clinically for decades. The jointly refined X-ray/neutron structure of MZM in complex with human CA isoform II (hCA II) has been determined to a resolution of 2.2 Å with an Rcryst of ∼16.0%. Presented in this article, along with only the second neutron structure of a clinical drug-bound hCA, is an in-depth structural comparison and analyses of differences in hydrogen-bonding network, water-molecule orientation and solvent displacement that take place upon the binding of AZM and MZM in the active site of hCA II. Even though MZM is slightly more hydrophobic and displaces more waters than AZM, the overall binding affinity (Ki) for both of the drugs against hCA II is similar (∼10 nM). The plausible reasons behind this finding have also been discussed using molecular dynamics and X-ray crystal structures of hCA II-MZM determined at cryotemperature and room temperature. This study not only allows a direct comparison of the hydrogen bonding, protonation states and solvent orientation/displacement of AZM and MZM, but also shows the significant effect that the methyl derivative has on the solvent organization in the hCA II active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Aggarwal
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Andrey Y. Kovalevsky
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Hector Velazquez
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - S. Zoë Fisher
- Scientific Activities Division, European Spallation Source, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jeremy C. Smith
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) of the sulfonamide and sulfamate type are clinically used drugs as diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, antiobesity and anti-high altitude disease agents. Anticancer agents based on CAIs are also in clinical development for the management of hypoxic, metastatic tumors. Acetazolamide, methazolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide and brinzolamide are mainly used as antiglaucoma drugs, sulthiame, topiramate and zonisamide as antiepileptic/antiobesity agents, celecoxib and polmacoxib are dual carbonic anhydrase/cycloxygenase inhibitors. Girentuximab, a monoclonal antibody and SLC-0111, a sulfonamide inhibitor, are in clinical trials as anticancer agents. AREAS COVERED The drug interactions with many classes of pharmacological agents are reviewed. Some of these drugs, such as acetazolamide, topiramate and celecoxib show a large number of interactions with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diuretics, antiepileptics, immunosupressants, anticholinesterase drugs, β-blockers, anesthetics, oral contraceptives, anticancer agents, antifungals, anti-mycobacterials, lithium, metformin and clopidogrel. EXPERT OPINION The multiple drug interactions in which CAIs are involved should be carefully considered when such drugs are used in combination with the drug classes mentioned above, as the risks of developing toxicity and serious side effects if the dosages are not adjusted are high. There are also synergistic effects between CAIs and some NSAIDs, anticancer agents and benzodiazepines for the management of cystoid macular edema, some tumor types and neuropathic pain, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- a Polo Scientifico, NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
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Jia CE, Jiang D, Dai H, Xiao F, Wang C. Pendrin, an anion exchanger on lung epithelial cells, could be a novel target for lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury mice. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:981-992. [PMID: 27158384 PMCID: PMC4846941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of pendrin in acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to explore whether pendrin expression existing on alveolar cells. METHODS ALI C57BL/6 mice model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was established. The expression of pendrin in lung was analyzed by RT-PCR and western blotting methods, the changes of lung inflammatory parameters and pathology were observed, the cellular distribution of pendrin in the lung was determined using immunofluorescence. Statistical comparisons between groups were made by two-tailed Student's t-test. RESULTS Enhanced expression of the slc26a4 gene and production of pendrin in lungs of LPS-induced ALI mice were confirmed. In comparison with vehicle-control mice, methazolamide treatment mitigated lung inflammatory parameters and pathology. IL-6 and MCP-1 in lung tissues and BALF in methazolamide-treated mice were statistically decreased. Methazolamide treatment had significant effect on the total protein concentration in the BALF and the ratio of lung wet/dry weight. The percentage of macrophages in the BALF was increased. There was a low expression of pendrin in ATII. CONCLUSIONS Pendrin may be involved in pathological process of LPS-induced ALI. Inhibition of the pendrin function could be used to treat ALI. Airway epithelial cell may be a valuable therapeutic target for discovering and developing new drugs and/or new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-E Jia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Dingyuan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital-Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital-Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, P. R. China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory DiseasesBeijing 100730, P. R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing HospitalBeijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730, P. R. China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation Disorders, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital-Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, P. R. China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory DiseasesBeijing 100730, P. R. China
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Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by an increase of intracranial pressure in the absence of neurologic tumors. The sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitor (CAI) acetazolamide (AAZ), a compound developed in the 1950s as a diuretic drug and presently used as an antiglaucoma, antiepileptic and diuretic agent, is effective in the treatment of IIH. AAZ is a low nanomolar inhibitor of CA isoforms involved in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion. Inhibition of brain/choroid plexus CA II, IV, VA and XII leads to a decreased CSF fluid secretion and control of the intracranial pressure. Although many sulfonamide/sulfamate CAIs are in clinical use for decades, apparently only AAZ is being currently used clinically for IIH. We speculate that more lipophilic CAIs such as methazolamide, zonisamide or topiramate should lead to a more effective control of increased intracranial pressure, thus having the opportunity to become useful in the management of IIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) formulated from one type of lipid (homolipid) suffer from low drug encapsulation and drug bursting due to crystallization of the lipid into the more ordered β modification, which leads to decreased drug entrapment and faster drug release. This study assessed the feasibility of using nanostructured lipid matrices (NLMs) for ocular delivery of methazolamide-(MZA) adopting heterolipids composed of novel mixtures of Compritol (®) and cetostearyl alcohol (CSA), and stabilized by Tween 80(®). The systems were prepared using the modified high shear homogenization followed by ultrasonication method, which avoids the use of organic solvents. A 3(2) full factorial design was constructed to study the influence of two independent variables, namely the ratio of CSA:Compritol and the concentration of Tween 80, each in three levels. The dependent variables were the entrapment efficiency percentages (EE%), mean particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). In vivo intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering activity for the selected formulae was compared to that of MZA solution. The results showed that increasing the ratio of CSA to Compritol increased the EE% and PS, while increasing the concentration of Tween 80, decreased PS with no significant effect on EE%. The ZP values of all formulae were positive, and greater than 30 mV. The best formula, composed of 4% CSA, 2% Compritol, 0.15% stearylamine, and 2% Tween 80, with EE% of 25.62%, PS of 207.1 nm, PDI of 0.243, and ZP of 41.50 mV, showed in vitro sustained release properties for 8 hours and lowered the intraocular pressure by 8.3 mmHg within 3 hours, with this drop in pressure lasting for 12 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Youshia
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased bone resorption and new bone information are two characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Much evidence has shown that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can restrain bone resorption. We had detected increased expression of carbonic anhydrase I (CA1) in synovium of patients with AS. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of methazolamide, an anti-carbonic anhydrase drug, for treating patients with AS. METHODS Two patients, called as S and L, were diagnosed with active AS based on BASDAI and BASFI assessments, radiographic data and other clinical indices. They took methazolamide tablets at a dose of 25 mg twice every day. RESULTS Patient S's BASDAI score fell from 5.4 to 4.4, while patient L's BASDAI fell from 2.4 to 2. Patient S's BASFI score change from 2.7 to 2.9, while patient L's BASFI score fell from 1.2 to 0.2. The ESR values of patient S were considerably reduced, while the ESR value of patient L remained unchanged and in the normal range. The calcium concentration of patient S decreased from 3.05 mmol/L to 2.39 mmol/L. The CT evidence indicates that the articular surfaces of the erosive sacroiliac joints became clearer and the area of the calcium deposits began decreased. No significant systemic side effects were observed in either patient. CONCLUSIONS The above results indicate that methazolamide was effective for active AS. Methazolamide may improve AS symptoms by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase activity during the processes of bone reporption and new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Chang
- National Laboratory for Bio-Drugs of Ministry of Health, Provincial Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong, Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jingshi Road 18877, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P. R. China.
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Abstract
In the present study, isolated midguts of larval Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) were mounted on perfusion pipettes and bathed in high buffer mosquito saline. With low buffer perfusion saline, containing m-cresol purple, transepithelial voltage was monitored and luminal alkalinization became visible through color changes of m-cresol purple after perfusion stop. Lumen negative voltage and alkalinization depended on metabolic energy and were stimulated in the presence of serotonin (0.2 micromol l(-1)). In some experiments a pH microelectrode in the lumen recorded pH values up to 10 within minutes after perfusion stop. The V-ATPase inhibitor concanamycin (50 micromol l(-1)) on the hemolymph side almost abolished V(te) and inhibited luminal alkalinization. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, methazolamide (50 micromol l(-1)), on either the luminal or hemolymph-side, or the inhibitor of anion transport, DIDS (1 mmol l(-1)) on the luminal side, had no effect on V(te) or alkalinization. Cl(-) substitution in the lumen or on both sides of the tissue affected V(te), but the color change of m-cresol purple was unchanged from control conditions. Hemolymph-side Na(+) substitution or addition of the Na(+)/H(+) exchange inhibitor, amiloride (200 micromol l(-1)), reduced V(te) and luminal alkalinization. Luminal amiloride (200 micromol l(-1)) was without effects on V(te) or alkalinization. High K(+) (60 mmol l(-1)) in the lumen reduced V(te) without affecting alkalinization. These results indicate that strong luminal alkalinization in isolated and perfused anterior midgut of larval A. aegypti depends on basolateral V-ATPase, but is apparently independent of carbonic anhydrase, apical Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange or apical K(+)/2H(+) antiport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Onken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wagner College, Staten Island, NY 10301, USA.
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