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Pusterla N, James K, Barnum S, Delwart E. Investigation of Three Newly Identified Equine Parvoviruses in Blood and Nasal Fluid Samples of Clinically Healthy Horses and Horses with Acute Onset of Respiratory Disease. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3006. [PMID: 34680025 DOI: 10.3390/ani11103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The objective of the present study was to determine the molecular frequency of three recently identified parvoviruses (equine parvovirus hepatitis, equine parvovirus CSF and equine copivirus) in blood and respiratory secretions of 667 equids with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs and 87 clinically healthy horses. One hundred and seventeen sick horses tested qPCR-positive for at least one of the three parvoviruses. Ten clinically healthy horses tested qPCR-positive for one of the equine parvoviruses. The frequency of detection of the three equine parvoviruses was similar between sick and clinically healthy horses, suggesting that these newly characterized viruses do not appear to contribute to the clinical picture of equids with respiratory disease. In order to prove the clinical relevance of any of these newly identified equine parvoviruses, experimental challenge studies using pure, clonal inocula will be required. Abstract Three newly identified equine parvoviruses (equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H), equine parvovirus CSF (EqPV-CSF) and equine copivirus (Eqcopivirus)) have recently been discovered in horses with respiratory signs. However, the clinical impact of these three equine parvoviruses has yet to be determined. Nasal fluid samples and blood from 667 equids with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs submitted to a diagnostic laboratory were analyzed for the presence of common equine respiratory pathogens (equine influenza virus, equine herpesvirus-1/-4, equine rhinitis A and B virus, S. equi subspecies equi) as well as EqPV-H, EqPV-CSF and Eqcopivirus by qPCR. An additional 87 clinically healthy horses served as controls. One hundred and seventeen sick horses tested qPCR-positive for at least one of the three parvoviruses. Co-infections with common respiratory pathogens and parvoviruses were seen in 39 sick equids. All 87 clinically healthy horses tested qPCR-negative for all tested common respiratory pathogens and 10 healthy horses tested qPCR-positive for one of the equine parvoviruses. When the frequency of detection for EqPV-H, EqPV-CSF and Eqcopivirus of equids with respiratory signs was compared to that of clinically healthy horses, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), suggesting that the three recently identified equine parvoviruses do not contribute to the clinical picture of equids with respiratory disease.
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van Beek LF, Surmann K, van den Berg van Saparoea HB, Houben D, Jong WSP, Hentschker C, Ederveen THA, Mitsi E, Ferreira DM, van Opzeeland F, van der Gaast-de Jongh CE, Joosten I, Völker U, Schmidt F, Luirink J, Diavatopoulos DA, de Jonge MI. Exploring metal availability in the natural niche of Streptococcus pneumoniae to discover potential vaccine antigens. Virulence 2021; 11:1310-1328. [PMID: 33017224 PMCID: PMC7550026 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1825908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prerequisite for pneumococcal transmission and disease. Current vaccines protect only against disease and colonization caused by a limited number of serotypes, consequently allowing serotype replacement and transmission. Therefore, the development of a broadly protective vaccine against colonization, transmission and disease is desired but requires a better understanding of pneumococcal adaptation to its natural niche. Hence, we measured the levels of free and protein-bound transition metals in human nasal fluid, to determine the effect of metal concentrations on the growth and proteome of S. pneumoniae. Pneumococci cultured in medium containing metal levels comparable to nasal fluid showed a highly distinct proteomic profile compared to standard culture conditions, including the increased abundance of nine conserved, putative surface-exposed proteins. AliA, an oligopeptide binding protein, was identified as the strongest protective antigen, demonstrated by the significantly reduced bacterial load in a murine colonization and a lethal mouse pneumonia model, highlighting its potential as vaccine antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille F van Beek
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristin Surmann
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christian Hentschker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas H A Ederveen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Mitsi
- Liverpool School of Tropical medicine, Respiratory Infection Group , Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Liverpool School of Tropical medicine, Respiratory Infection Group , Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Fred van Opzeeland
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christa E van der Gaast-de Jongh
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany.,Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar , Doha, Qatar
| | - Joen Luirink
- Abera Bioscience AB , Solna, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Eom G, Hwang A, Kim H, Yang S, Lee DK, Song S, Ha K, Jeong J, Jung J, Lim EK, Kang T. Diagnosis of Tamiflu-Resistant Influenza Virus in Human Nasal Fluid and Saliva Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2282-2287. [PMID: 31407570 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause respiratory infection, spread through respiratory secretions, and are shed into the nasal secretion and saliva specimens. Therefore, nasal fluid and saliva are effective clinical samples for the diagnosis of influenza virus-infected patients. Although several methods have been developed to detect various types of influenza viruses, approaches for detecting mutant influenza viruses in clinical samples are rarely reported. Herein, we report for the first time a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sensing platform for oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus detection in human nasal fluid and saliva. By combining SERS-active urchin Au nanoparticles and oseltamivir hexylthiol, an excellent receptor for the pH1N1/H275Y mutant virus, we detected the pH1N1/H275Y virus specifically and sensitively in human saliva and nasal fluid samples. Considering that the current influenza virus infection testing methods do not provide information on the antiviral drug resistance of the virus, the proposed SERS-based diagnostic test for the oseltamivir-resistant virus will inform clinical decisions about the treatment of influenza virus infections, avoiding the unnecessary prescription of ineffective drugs and greatly improving therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayoung Eom
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Siyeong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jinyoung Jeong
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Preianò M, Maggisano G, Murfuni MS, Villella C, Colica C, Fregola A, Pelaia C, Lombardo N, Pelaia G, Savino R, Terracciano R. Rapid Detection and Identification of Antimicrobial Peptide Fingerprints of Nasal Fluid by Mesoporous Silica Particles and MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry: From the Analytical Approach to the Diagnostic Applicability in Precision Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124005. [PMID: 30545076 PMCID: PMC6320778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) play a pivotal role in innate host defense and in immune response. The delineation of new MS-based profiling tools, which are able to produce panels of AMP of the nasal fluid (NF), may be attractive for the discovery of new potential diagnostic markers of respiratory disorders. Methods: Swabs collected NF from healthy patients and from patients with respiratory disorders. We used a fast procedure based on mesoporous silica particles (MPS) to enrich NF in its AMP component in combination with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS as a key tool for rapidly analyzing clinical samples. Results: Reproducible MS peptide fingerprints were generated for each subject and several AMP were detected including (Human Neutrophil Peptides) HNPs, Statherin, Thymosin-β4, Peptide P-D, II-2, β-MSP, SLPI, Lysozyme-C, and their proteo-forms. In particular, Statherin, Thymosin-β4, and Peptide P-D were accurately identified by direct MS/MS sequencing. Examples of applicability of this tool are shown. AMP fingerprints were obtained before and after a nasal polypectomy as well as before and post-treatment with azelastine/fluticasone in one case of allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: The potential of our platform to be implemented by new mesoporous materials for capturing a wider picture of AMP might offer an amazing opportunity for diagnostic clinical studies on individual and population scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaimmacolata Preianò
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, "Magna Græcia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, "Magna Græcia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Stella Murfuni
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, "Magna Græcia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Chiara Villella
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, "Magna Græcia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carmela Colica
- CNR, IBFM UOS of Germaneto, "Magna Græcia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Fregola
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, "Magna Græcia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Nicola Lombardo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Græcia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Savino
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, "Magna Græcia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, "Magna Græcia" University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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Cui X, Gong J, Han H, He L, Teng Y, Tetley T, Sinharay R, Chung KF, Islam T, Gilliland F, Grady S, Garshick E, Li Z, Zhang J(J. Relationship between free and total malondialdehyde, a well-established marker of oxidative stress, in various types of human biospecimens. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:3088-3097. [PMID: 29997978 PMCID: PMC6006110 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.05.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is involved in thoracic diseases and health responses to air pollution. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a well-established marker of oxidative stress, but it may be present in unconjugated and conjugated forms. To our knowledge, no studies have conducted a systemic evaluation of both free MDA (unconjugated MDA) and total MDA (the sum of both unconjugated and conjugated MDA) across various types of human biospecimens. METHODS Free MDA and total MDA were simultaneously measured in a range of human biospecimens, including nasal fluid (N=158), saliva (N=158), exhaled breath condensate (N=40), serum (N=232), and urine (N=429). All samples were analyzed using an HPLC-fluorescence method with high sensitivity and specificity. Due to the right skewed distribution of free MDA and total MDA, we performed natural-log transformation before subsequent statistical analyses. The relationship between the natural log of free and total MDA was evaluated by R2 of simple linear regression. T test was used for comparisons of means between two groups. One-way analysis of variance was used in combination with Tukey's test to compare the natural log of the ratio of free MDA to total MDA across various types of biospecimens. RESULTS For exhaled breath condensate, serum, urine, nasal fluid and saliva samples, the R2 between free and total MDA were 0.61, 0.22, 0.59, 0.47 and 0.06, respectively; the medians of the free MDA to total MDA ratio were 48.1%, 17.4%, 9.8%, 5.1% and 3.0%, respectively; the free MDA to total MDA ratio in EBC > serum > urine > nasal fluid > saliva (P<0.001 for pairwise comparisons). CONCLUSIONS For exhaled breath condensate and urine samples, using either free or total MDA can provide information regarding the level of oxidative stress; however, that is not the case for serum, nasal fluid, and saliva given the low correlations between free and total MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jicheng Gong
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hailong Han
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Teresa Tetley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rudy Sinharay
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Talat Islam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Grady
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Junfeng (Jim) Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China
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Dilek F, Emin Ö, Gültepe B, Yazıcı M, Çakır E, Gedik AH. Evaluation of nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels in children with allergic rhinitis. Turk Arch Pediatr 2017; 52:79-84. [PMID: 28747838 DOI: 10.5152/turkpediatriars.2017.4497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Knowledge about the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases has been expanding in recent years. Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that are components of the innate immune system. Defensins have strong efficacy against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Moreover, they have regulatory functions in many physiologic processes such as antitumoral immunity, chemotaxis, inflammation, and wound healing. In this study, we aimed to investigate β-defensin 2 levels in the nasal fluids of children with allergic rhinitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study and control groups consisted of 28 patients with newly diagnosed allergic rhinitis who were not taking any medication, and 23 healthy children. Skin prick tests were performed on patients with allergic rhinitis and disease severity was assessed using the total symptom score. Nasal fluid samples were obtained using a modified polyurethane sponge absorption method from patients and control subjects. Nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The median value of nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels were 173.8 pg/mL (interquartile range; 54.8-205.9 pg/mL) in allergic rhinitis group and 241.6 pg/mL (163.5-315.2 pg/mL) in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.01). Moreover, nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels showed a significant negative correlation with total symptom scores (rho= -0.78, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Children with allergic rhinitis have reduced nasal fluid β-defensin 2 levels compared with controls, and β-defensin 2 levels were negatively correlated with disease severity. A more definite understanding of the roles of defensins and other antimicrobial peptides in allergic inflammation can open up new horizons in the management and treatment of these common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Dilek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özkaya Emin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Gültepe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mebrure Yazıcı
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Çakır
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Chest Diseases, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hakan Gedik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Chest Diseases, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Segundo GR, Gomes FA, Fernandes KP, Alves R, Silva DA, Taketomi EA. Local cytokines and clinical symptoms in children with allergic rhinitis after different treatments. Biologics 2009; 3:469-74. [PMID: 19851472 PMCID: PMC2763317 DOI: 10.2147/btt.2009.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Therapy for allergic rhinitis aims to control symptoms and improve the quality of life. The treatment of allergic rhinitis includes allergen avoidance, environmental controls, pharmacologic treatment, and specific immunotherapy. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical changes and the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) in nasal lavage fluid from children with allergic rhinitis after different types of pharmacologic treatment (mometasone, montelukast, or desloratadine). Methods Twenty-four children aged from six to 12 years with moderate persistent allergic rhinitis were randomized into three groups receiving monotherapy treatment over four weeks: nasal corticosteroid (mometasone), leukotriene modifier (montelukast), or antihistamine (desloratadine). The perception of symptom improvement during the medication use was evaluated at the end of the treatment. Samples of nasal lavage fluid were collected before and after treatment for measuring IFN-γ and IL-5 cytokines by ELISA. Results All parents perceived an improvement in symptoms. Significant enhancement was seen in the mometasone group compared to those with montelukast (P = 0.01) and desloratadine (P = 0.02). No significant differences were found among the three groups in the levels of IL-5 and IFN-γ in nasal fluid at baseline or after treatment. Only the group treated with mometasone showed a slight but significant reduction in IL-5 levels after the treatment period as compared with levels before the treatment (P = 0.0469). Conclusion The group treated with mometasone showed better improvement of clinical symptoms and a slight reduction in IL-5 levels in the nasal fluid. This may indirectly reflect the relative immunomodulatory effects of the drugs tested.
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