1
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Huynh DT, Nolfi E, Medfai L, van Ulsen P, Jong WSP, Sijts AJAM, Luirink J. Intranasal delivery of Salmonella OMVs decorated with Chlamydia trachomatis antigens induces specific local and systemic immune responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2330768. [PMID: 38517203 PMCID: PMC10962599 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2330768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen responsible for the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted disease globally. The high prevalence of chlamydial infections underscores the urgent need for licensed and effective vaccines to prevent transmission in populations. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have emerged as promising mucosal vaccine carriers due to their inherent adjuvant properties and the ability to display heterologous antigens. In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of Salmonella OMVs decorated with C. trachomatis MOMP-derived CTH522 or HtrA antigens in mice. Following a prime-boost intranasal vaccination approach, two OMV-based C. trachomatis vaccines elicited significant humoral responses specific to the antigens in both systemic and vaginal compartments. Furthermore, we demonstrated strong antigen-specific IFN-γ and IL17a responses in splenocytes and cervical lymph node cells of vaccinated mice, indicating CD4+ Th1 and Th17 biased immune responses. Notably, the OMV-CTH522 vaccine also induced the production of spleen-derived CD8+ T cells expressing IFN-γ. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of OMV-based C. trachomatis vaccines for successful use in future challenge studies and demonstrate the suitability of our modular OMV platform for intranasal vaccine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung T. Huynh
- R&D department, Abera Bioscience AB, Uppsala, Sweden
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Nolfi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lobna Medfai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Ulsen
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alice J. A. M. Sijts
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- R&D department, Abera Bioscience AB, Uppsala, Sweden
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Wang B, van der Kloet F, Kes MBMJ, Luirink J, Hamoen LW. Improving gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) by using regulation directionality. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0345623. [PMID: 38294221 PMCID: PMC10913524 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03456-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To infer the biological meaning from transcriptome data, it is useful to focus on genes that are regulated by the same regulator, i.e., regulons. Unfortunately, current gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) tools do not consider whether a gene is activated or repressed by a regulator. This distinction is crucial when analyzing regulons since a regulator can work as an activator of certain genes and as a repressor of other genes, yet both sets of genes belong to the same regulon. Therefore, simply averaging expression differences of the genes of such a regulon will not properly reflect the activity of the regulator. What makes it more complicated is the fact that many genes are regulated by different transcription factors, and current transcriptome analysis tools are unable to indicate which regulator is most likely responsible for the observed expression difference of a gene. To address these challenges, we developed the gene set enrichment analysis program GINtool. Additional features of GINtool are novel graphical representations to facilitate the visualization of gene set analyses of transcriptome data, the possibility to include functional categories as gene sets for analysis, and the option to analyze expression differences within operons, which is useful when analyzing prokaryotic transcriptome and also proteome data.IMPORTANCEMeasuring the activity of all genes in cells is a common way to elucidate the function and regulation of genes. These transcriptome analyses produce large amounts of data since genomes contain thousands of genes. The analysis of these large data sets is challenging. Therefore, we developed a new software tool called GINtool that can facilitate the analysis of transcriptome data by using prior knowledge of gene sets controlled by the same regulator, the so-called regulons. An important novelty of GINtool is that it can take into account the directionality of gene regulation in these analyses, i.e., whether a gene is activated or repressed, which is crucial to assess whether a regulon or functional category is affected. GINtool also includes new graphical methods to facilitate the visual inspection of regulation events in transcriptome data sets. These and additional analysis methods included in GINtool make it a powerful software tool to analyze transcriptome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwen Wang
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frans van der Kloet
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariah B. M. J. Kes
- Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leendert W. Hamoen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Beaujean M, Uijen RF, Langereis JD, Boccara D, Dam D, Soria A, Veldhuis G, Adam L, Bonduelle O, van der Wel NN, Luirink J, Pedruzzi E, Wissink J, de Jonge MI, Combadière B. The immunological effects of intradermal particle-based vaccine delivery using a novel microinjection needle studied in a human skin explant model. Vaccine 2023; 41:2270-2279. [PMID: 36870875 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
For intradermal (ID) immunisation, novel needle-based delivery systems have been proposed as a better alternative to the Mantoux method. However, the penetration depth of needles in the human skin and its effect on immune cells residing in the different layers of the skin has not been analyzed. A novel and user-friendly silicon microinjection needle (Bella-muTM) has been developed, which allows for a perpendicular injection due to its short needle length (1.4-1.8 mm) and ultrashort bevel. We aimed to characterize the performance of this microinjection needle in the context of the delivery of a particle-based outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine using an ex vivo human skin explant model. We compared the needles of 1.4 and 1.8 mm with the conventional Mantoux method to investigate the depth of vaccine injection and the capacity of the skin antigen-presenting cell (APC) to phagocytose the OMVs. The 1.4 mm needle deposited the antigen closer to the epidermis than the 1.8 mm needle or the Mantoux method. Consequently, activation of epidermal Langerhans cells was significantly higher as determined by dendrite shortening. We found that five different subsets of dermal APCs are able to phagocytose the OMV vaccine, irrespective of the device or injection method. ID delivery using the 1.4 mm needle of a OMV-based vaccine allowed epidermal and dermal APC targeting, with superior activation of Langerhans cells. This study indicates that the use of a microinjection needle improves the delivery of vaccines in the human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Beaujean
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi), Paris, France
| | - Rienke F Uijen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D Langereis
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - David Boccara
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi), Paris, France; Hôpital Saint Louis, Reconstructive and Cosmetic and Burn, Paris, France
| | - Denise Dam
- U-Needle B.V., Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Angèle Soria
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi), Paris, France; Service de Dermatologie et d'Allergologie, Hôpital Tenon, Paris HUEP, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Lucille Adam
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi), Paris, France
| | - Olivia Bonduelle
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi), Paris, France
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan, 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Pedruzzi
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi), Paris, France
| | | | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Behazine Combadière
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi), Paris, France
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4
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Huynh DT, Jong WSP, Oudejans MAH, van den Berg van Saparoea HB, Luirink J, van Ulsen P. Heterologous Display of Chlamydia trachomatis PmpD Passenger at the Surface of Salmonella OMVs. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:366. [PMID: 37103793 PMCID: PMC10145130 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the bacterial pathogen that causes most cases of sexually transmitted diseases annually. To combat the global spread of asymptomatic infection, development of effective (mucosal) vaccines that offer both systemic and local immune responses is considered a high priority. In this study, we explored the expression of C. trachomatis full-length (FL) PmpD, as well as truncated PmpD passenger constructs fused to a "display" autotransporter (AT) hemoglobin protease (HbpD) and studied their inclusion into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. OMVs are considered safe vaccine vectors well-suited for mucosal delivery. By using E. coli AT HbpD-fusions of chimeric constructs we improved surface display and successfully generated Salmonella OMVs decorated with a secreted and immunogenic PmpD passenger fragment (aa68-629) to 13% of the total protein content. Next, we investigated whether a similar chimeric surface display strategy could be applied to other AT antigens, i.e., secreted fragments of Prn (aa35-350) of Bordetella pertussis and VacA (aa65-377) of Helicobacter pylori. The data provided information on the complexity of heterologous expression of AT antigens at the OMV surface and suggested that optimal expression strategies should be developed on an antigen-to-antigen basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung T. Huynh
- Abera Bioscience AB, 750 26 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manon A. H. Oudejans
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joen Luirink
- Abera Bioscience AB, 750 26 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Ulsen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Schäfer AB, Steenhuis M, Jim KK, Neef J, O’Keefe S, Whitehead RC, Swanton E, Wang B, Halbedel S, High S, van Dijl JM, Luirink J, Wenzel M. Dual Action of Eeyarestatin 24 on Sec-Dependent Protein Secretion and Bacterial DNA. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:253-269. [PMID: 36637435 PMCID: PMC9926488 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Eeyarestatin 24 (ES24) is a promising new antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity. It shares structural similarity with nitrofurantoin (NFT), yet appears to have a distinct and novel mechanism: ES24 was found to inhibit SecYEG-mediated protein transport and membrane insertion in Gram-negative bacteria. However, possible additional targets have not yet been explored. Moreover, its activity was notably better against Gram-positive bacteria, for which its mechanism of action had not yet been investigated. We have used transcriptomic stress response profiling, phenotypic assays, and protein secretion analyses to investigate the mode of action of ES24 in comparison with NFT using the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis and have compared our findings to Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Here, we show the inhibition of Sec-dependent protein secretion in B. subtilis and additionally provide evidence for DNA damage, probably caused by the generation of reactive derivatives of ES24. Interestingly, ES24 caused a gradual dissipation of the membrane potential, which led to delocalization of cytokinetic proteins and subsequent cell elongation in E. coli. However, none of those effects were observed in B. subtilis, thereby suggesting that ES24 displays distinct mechanistic differences with respect to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Despite its structural similarity to NFT, ES24 profoundly differed in our phenotypic analysis, which implies that it does not share the NFT mechanism of generalized macromolecule and structural damage. Importantly, ES24 outperformed NFT in vivo in a zebrafish embryo pneumococcal infection model. Our results suggest that ES24 not only inhibits the Sec translocon, but also targets bacterial DNA and, in Gram-negative bacteria, the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Britt Schäfer
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Molecular
Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kin Ki Jim
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam
Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam
University Medical Centers, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Neef
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah O’Keefe
- School
of
Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Roger C. Whitehead
- School
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Eileithyia Swanton
- School
of
Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Biwen Wang
- Bacterial
Cell Biology and Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Halbedel
- FG11
Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany,Institute
for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stephen High
- School
of
Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Molecular
Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden,
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6
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Wade N, Wesseling CMJ, Innocenti P, Slingerland CJ, Koningstein GM, Luirink J, Martin NI. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Studies of β-Barrel Assembly Machine Complex Inhibitor MRL-494. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2242-2252. [PMID: 36318734 PMCID: PMC9673140 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the hunt for new antibiotics with activity against Gram-negative pathogens, the outer membrane β-barrel assembly machine (BAM) complex has become an increasingly interesting target. The recently reported BAM complex inhibitor, MRL-494, was discovered via a screening campaign for molecules that target the outer membrane. Notably, MRL-494 was reported to be an unintended byproduct generated during the synthesis of an unrelated compound, and as such no synthesis of the compound was disclosed. We here present a convenient and reliable route for the synthesis of MRL-494 that scales well. The antibacterial activity measured for synthesized MRL-494 matches that reported in the literature. Furthermore, MRL-494 was found to exhibit potent synergistic activity with rifampicin against Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa. MRL-494 was also found to cause outer membrane disruption and induction of the Rcs stress response pathway. In addition, we undertook a focused structure-activity study specifically aimed at elucidating the roles played by the two guanidine moieties contained within the structure of MRL-494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Wade
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M. J. Wesseling
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Innocenti
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J. Slingerland
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory M. Koningstein
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I. Martin
- Biological
Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands,
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7
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Paulussen FM, Schouten GK, Moertl C, Verheul J, Hoekstra I, Koningstein GM, Hutchins GH, Alkir A, Luirink RA, Geerke DP, van Ulsen P, den Blaauwen T, Luirink J, Grossmann TN. Covalent Proteomimetic Inhibitor of the Bacterial FtsQB Divisome Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15303-15313. [PMID: 35945166 PMCID: PMC9413201 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The use of antibiotics is threatened by the emergence
and spread
of multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria. Thus, there is a need
to develop antibiotics that address new targets. In this respect,
the bacterial divisome, a multi-protein complex central to cell division,
represents a potentially attractive target. Of particular interest
is the FtsQB subcomplex that plays a decisive role in divisome assembly
and peptidoglycan biogenesis in E. coli. Here, we report the structure-based design of
a macrocyclic covalent inhibitor derived from a periplasmic region
of FtsB that mediates its binding to FtsQ. The bioactive conformation
of this motif was stabilized by a customized cross-link resulting
in a tertiary structure mimetic with increased affinity for FtsQ.
To increase activity, a covalent handle was incorporated, providing
an inhibitor that impedes the interaction between FtsQ and FtsB irreversibly. The covalent inhibitor reduced the growth of an outer
membrane-permeable E. coli strain,
concurrent with the expected loss of FtsB localization, and also affected
the infection of zebrafish larvae by a clinical E.
coli strain. This first-in-class inhibitor of a divisome
protein–protein interaction highlights the potential of proteomimetic
molecules as inhibitors of challenging targets. In particular, the
covalent mode-of-action can serve as an inspiration for future antibiotics
that target protein–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Paulussen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Gina K Schouten
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control (MMI), Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, Netherlands
| | - Carolin Moertl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Verheul
- Department of Bacterial Cell Biology and Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Irma Hoekstra
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Gregory M Koningstein
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - George H Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Aslihan Alkir
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Rosa A Luirink
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Daan P Geerke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Peter van Ulsen
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Tanneke den Blaauwen
- Department of Bacterial Cell Biology and Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
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8
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Clarke KR, Hor L, Pilapitiya A, Luirink J, Paxman JJ, Heras B. Phylogenetic Classification and Functional Review of Autotransporters. Front Immunol 2022; 13:921272. [PMID: 35860281 PMCID: PMC9289746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotransporters are the core component of a molecular nano-machine that delivers cargo proteins across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Part of the type V secretion system, this large family of proteins play a central role in controlling bacterial interactions with their environment by promoting adhesion to surfaces, biofilm formation, host colonization and invasion as well as cytotoxicity and immunomodulation. As such, autotransporters are key facilitators of fitness and pathogenesis and enable co-operation or competition with other bacteria. Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of autotransporter sequences reported and a steady rise in functional studies, which further link these proteins to multiple virulence phenotypes. In this review we provide an overview of our current knowledge on classical autotransporter proteins, the archetype of this protein superfamily. We also carry out a phylogenetic analysis of their functional domains and present a new classification system for this exquisitely diverse group of bacterial proteins. The sixteen phylogenetic divisions identified establish sensible relationships between well characterized autotransporters and inform structural and functional predictions of uncharacterized proteins, which may guide future research aimed at addressing multiple unanswered aspects in this group of therapeutically important bacterial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin R. Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lilian Hor
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Akila Pilapitiya
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jason J. Paxman
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Begoña Heras, ; Jason J. Paxman,
| | - Begoña Heras
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Begoña Heras, ; Jason J. Paxman,
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9
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Jiang L, Driedonks TA, Jong WS, Dhakal S, Bart van den Berg van Saparoea H, Sitaras I, Zhou R, Caputo C, Littlefield K, Lowman M, Chen M, Lima G, Gololobova O, Smith B, Mahairaki V, Riley Richardson M, Mulka KR, Lane AP, Klein SL, Pekosz A, Brayton C, Mankowski JL, Luirink J, Villano JS, Witwer KW. A bacterial extracellular vesicle-based intranasal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 protects against disease and elicits neutralizing antibodies to wild-type and Delta variants. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12192. [PMID: 35289114 PMCID: PMC8920961 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several vaccines have been introduced to combat the coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines include mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles or adenoviral vectors that encode the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, inactivated virus, or protein subunits. Despite growing success in worldwide vaccination efforts, additional capabilities may be needed in the future to address issues such as stability and storage requirements, need for vaccine boosters, desirability of different routes of administration, and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants such as the Delta variant. Here, we present a novel, well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) of Salmonella typhimurium that are decorated with the mammalian cell culture-derived Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD). RBD-conjugated outer membrane vesicles (RBD-OMVs) were used to immunize the golden Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) model of COVID-19. Intranasal immunization resulted in high titres of blood anti-RBD IgG as well as detectable mucosal responses. Neutralizing antibody activity against wild-type and Delta variants was evident in all vaccinated subjects. Upon challenge with live virus, hamsters immunized with RBD-OMV, but not animals immunized with unconjugated OMVs or a vehicle control, avoided body mass loss, had lower virus titres in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and experienced less severe lung pathology. Our results emphasize the value and versatility of OMV-based vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglei Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Tom A.P. Driedonks
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | | | - Santosh Dhakal
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Ioannis Sitaras
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ruifeng Zhou
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Christopher Caputo
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kirsten Littlefield
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Maggie Lowman
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Gabriela Lima
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Olesia Gololobova
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Cell BiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Department of Genetic Medicine and The Richman Family Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - M. Riley Richardson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kathleen R. Mulka
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Andrew P. Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyThe Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Cory Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Joseph L. Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Joen Luirink
- Abera Bioscience ABUppsalaSweden
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS)Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jason S. Villano
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Genetic Medicine and The Richman Family Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
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10
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Jiang L, Driedonks TA, Jong WS, Dhakal S, van den Berg van Saparoea HB, Sitaras I, Zhou R, Caputo C, Littlefield K, Lowman M, Chen M, Lima G, Gololobova O, Smith B, Mahairaki V, Richardson MR, Mulka KR, Lane AP, Klein SL, Pekosz A, Brayton CF, Mankowski JL, Luirink J, Villano JS, Witwer KW. A bacterial extracellular vesicle-based intranasal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 protects against disease and elicits neutralizing antibodies to wild-type and Delta variants. bioRxiv 2022:2021.06.28.450181. [PMID: 35132418 PMCID: PMC8820665 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.28.450181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several vaccines have been introduced to combat the coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines include mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles or adenoviral vectors that encode the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, inactivated virus, or protein subunits. Despite growing success in worldwide vaccination efforts, additional capabilities may be needed in the future to address issues such as stability and storage requirements, need for vaccine boosters, desirability of different routes of administration, and emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants such as the Delta variant. Here, we present a novel, well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) of Salmonella typhimurium that are decorated with the mammalian cell culture-derived Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD). RBD-conjugated outer membrane vesicles (RBD-OMVs) were used to immunize the golden Syrian hamster ( Mesocricetus auratus ) model of COVID-19. Intranasal immunization resulted in high titers of blood anti-RBD IgG as well as detectable mucosal responses. Neutralizing antibody activity against wild-type and Delta variants was evident in all vaccinated subjects. Upon challenge with live virus, hamsters immunized with RBD-OMV, but not animals immunized with unconjugated OMVs or a vehicle control, avoided body mass loss, had lower virus titers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and experienced less severe lung pathology. Our results emphasize the value and versatility of OMV-based vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglei Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tom A.P. Driedonks
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Santosh Dhakal
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ioannis Sitaras
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruifeng Zhou
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Caputo
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirsten Littlefield
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maggie Lowman
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriela Lima
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olesia Gololobova
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Department of Genetic Medicine and The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M. Riley Richardson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen R. Mulka
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew P. Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cory F. Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph L. Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joen Luirink
- Abera Bioscience AB, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- These authors are designated as co-corresponding authors. ; ;
| | - Jason S. Villano
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- These authors are designated as co-corresponding authors. ; ;
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine and The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- These authors are designated as co-corresponding authors. ; ;
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11
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Phan TH, Kuijl C, Huynh DT, Jong WSP, Luirink J, van Ulsen P. Overproducing the BAM complex improves secretion of difficult-to-secrete recombinant autotransporter chimeras. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:176. [PMID: 34488755 PMCID: PMC8419823 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monomeric autotransporters have been used extensively to transport recombinant proteins or protein domains to the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria amongst others for antigen display. Genetic fusion of such antigens into autotransporters has yielded chimeras that can be used for vaccination purposes. However, not every fusion construct is transported efficiently across the cell envelope. Problems occur in particular when the fused antigen attains a relatively complex structure in the periplasm, prior to its translocation across the outer membrane. The latter step requires the interaction with periplasmic chaperones and the BAM (β-barrel assembly machinery) complex in the outer membrane. This complex catalyzes insertion and folding of β-barrel outer membrane proteins, including the β-barrel domain of autotransporters. Here, we investigated whether the availability of periplasmic chaperones or the BAM complex is a limiting factor for the surface localization of difficult-to-secrete chimeric autotransporter constructs. Indeed, we found that overproduction of in particular the BAM complex, increases surface display of difficult-to-secrete chimeras. Importantly, this beneficial effect appeared to be generic not only for a number of monomeric autotransporter fusions but also for fusions to trimeric autotransporters. Therefore, overproduction of BAM might be an attractive strategy to improve the production of recombinant autotransporter constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang H Phan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen Kuijl
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam Institute of Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dung T Huynh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Abera Bioscience AB, Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter van Ulsen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Steenhuis M, Corona F, ten Hagen-Jongman CM, Vollmer W, Lambin D, Selhorst P, Klaassen H, Versele M, Chaltin P, Luirink J. Combining Cell Envelope Stress Reporter Assays in a Screening Approach to Identify BAM Complex Inhibitors. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2250-2263. [PMID: 34125508 PMCID: PMC8369490 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of new antibiotics is particularly problematic in Gram-negative bacteria due to the presence of the outer membrane (OM), which serves as a permeability barrier. Recently, the β-barrel assembly machine (BAM), located in the OM and responsible for β-barrel type OM protein (OMP) assembly, has been validated as a novel target for antibiotics. Here, we identified potential BAM complex inhibitors using a screening approach that reports on cell envelope σE and Rcs stress in Escherichia coli. Screening a library consisting of 316 953 compounds yielded five compounds that induced σE and Rcs stress responses, while not inducing the intracellular heat-shock response. Two of the five compounds (compounds 2 and 14) showed the characteristics of known BAM complex inhibitors: synergy with OMP biogenesis mutants, decrease in the abundance of various OMPs, and loss of OM integrity. Importantly, compound 2 also inhibited BAM-dependent OMP folding in an in vitro refolding assay using purified BAM complex reconstituted in proteoliposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Steenhuis
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute
of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federico Corona
- Centre
for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United
Kingdom
| | - Corinne M. ten Hagen-Jongman
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute
of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre
for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United
Kingdom
| | - Dominique Lambin
- Centre
for Innovation and Stimulation of Drug Discovery (CISTIM), Gaston Geenslaan 2, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Selhorst
- Centre
for Innovation and Stimulation of Drug Discovery (CISTIM), Gaston Geenslaan 2, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Klaassen
- Centre
for Innovation and Stimulation of Drug Discovery (CISTIM), Gaston Geenslaan 2, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Versele
- Centre
for Innovation and Stimulation of Drug Discovery (CISTIM), Gaston Geenslaan 2, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Chaltin
- Center
for Drug Design and Development (CD3), KU
Leuven R&D, Waaistraat 6, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute
of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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van Beek LF, Surmann K, van den Berg van Saparoea HB, Houben D, Jong WSP, Hentschker C, Ederveen THA, Mitsi E, Ferreira DM, van Opzeeland F, van der Gaast-de Jongh CE, Joosten I, Völker U, Schmidt F, Luirink J, Diavatopoulos DA, de Jonge MI. Exploring metal availability in the natural niche of Streptococcus pneumoniae to discover potential vaccine antigens. Virulence 2021; 11:1310-1328. [PMID: 33017224 PMCID: PMC7550026 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1825908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prerequisite for pneumococcal transmission and disease. Current vaccines protect only against disease and colonization caused by a limited number of serotypes, consequently allowing serotype replacement and transmission. Therefore, the development of a broadly protective vaccine against colonization, transmission and disease is desired but requires a better understanding of pneumococcal adaptation to its natural niche. Hence, we measured the levels of free and protein-bound transition metals in human nasal fluid, to determine the effect of metal concentrations on the growth and proteome of S. pneumoniae. Pneumococci cultured in medium containing metal levels comparable to nasal fluid showed a highly distinct proteomic profile compared to standard culture conditions, including the increased abundance of nine conserved, putative surface-exposed proteins. AliA, an oligopeptide binding protein, was identified as the strongest protective antigen, demonstrated by the significantly reduced bacterial load in a murine colonization and a lethal mouse pneumonia model, highlighting its potential as vaccine antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille F van Beek
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristin Surmann
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christian Hentschker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas H A Ederveen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Mitsi
- Liverpool School of Tropical medicine, Respiratory Infection Group , Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Liverpool School of Tropical medicine, Respiratory Infection Group , Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Fred van Opzeeland
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christa E van der Gaast-de Jongh
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany.,Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar , Doha, Qatar
| | - Joen Luirink
- Abera Bioscience AB , Solna, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Steenhuis M, van Ulsen P, Martin NI, Luirink J. A ban on BAM: an update on inhibitors of the β-barrel assembly machinery. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6287571. [PMID: 34048543 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative pathogens are a rapidly increasing threat to human health worldwide due to high rates of antibiotic resistance and the lack of development of novel antibiotics. The protective cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria is a major permeability barrier that contributes to the problem by restricting the uptake of antibiotics. On the other hand, its unique architecture also makes it a suitable target for antibiotic interference. In particular, essential multiprotein machines that are required for biogenesis of the outer membrane have attracted attention in antibacterial design strategies. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of inhibitors of the β-barrel assembly machine (BAM) complex. Here, we summarize the current state of drug development efforts targeting the BAM complex in pursuit of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Ulsen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Nonnensteeg 3, 2311 VJ, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Burggraaf MJ, Waanders L, Verlaan M, Maaskant J, Houben D, Luirink J, Bitter W, Kuijl C, Molthoff CF. Surface Labeling with Adhesion Protein FimH Improves Binding of Immunotherapeutic Agent Salmonella Ty21a to the Bladder Epithelium. Bladder Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/blc-200382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in men. 70% of these tumors are classified as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and those patients receive 6 intravesical instillations with Mycobacterium bovis BCG after transurethral resection. However, 30% of patients show recurrences after treatment and experience severe side effects that often lead to therapy discontinuation. Recently, another vaccine strain, Salmonella enterica typhi Ty21a, demonstrated promising antitumor activity in vivo. Here we focus on increasing bacterial retention in the bladder in order to reduce the number of instillations required and improve antitumor activity. OBJECTIVE: To increase the binding of Ty21a to the bladder wall by surface labeling of the bacteria with adhesion protein FimH and to study its effect in a bladder cancer mouse model. METHODS: Binding of Ty21a with surface-labeled FimH to the bladder wall was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effect of a single instillation of Ty21a+FimH in treatment was determined in a survival experiment. RESULTS: FimH-labeled Ty21a showed significant (p < 0.0001) improved binding to mouse and human cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, FimH labeled bacteria showed ∼5x more binding to the bladder than controls in vivo. Enhanced binding to the bladder via FimH labeling induced a modest improvement in median but not in overall mice survival. CONCLUSIONS: FimH labeling of Ty21a significantly improved binding to bladder tumor cells in vitro and the bladder wall in vivo. The improved binding leads to a modest increase in median survival in a single bladder cancer mouse study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroeska J. Burggraaf
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Location VU Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Waanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Location VU Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Verlaan
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Location VU Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Maaskant
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Location VU Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diane Houben
- Section Molecular Microbiology, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wilbert Bitter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Location VU Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section Molecular Microbiology, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen Kuijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Location VU Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla F.M. Molthoff
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Location VU Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Steenhuis M, ten Hagen-Jongman CM, van Ulsen P, Luirink J. Stress-Based High-Throughput Screening Assays to Identify Inhibitors of Cell Envelope Biogenesis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110808. [PMID: 33202774 PMCID: PMC7698014 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural integrity of the Gram-negative cell envelope is guarded by several stress responses, such as the σE, Cpx and Rcs systems. Here, we report on assays that monitor these responses in E. coli upon addition of antibacterial compounds. Interestingly, compromised peptidoglycan synthesis, outer membrane biogenesis and LPS integrity predominantly activated the Rcs response, which we developed into a robust HTS (high-throughput screening) assay that is suited for phenotypic compound screening. Furthermore, by interrogating all three cell envelope stress reporters, and a reporter for the cytosolic heat-shock response as control, we found that inhibitors of specific envelope targets induce stress reporter profiles that are distinct in quality, amplitude and kinetics. Finally, we show that by using a host strain with a more permeable outer membrane, large-scaffold antibiotics can also be identified by the reporter assays. Together, the data suggest that stress profiling is a useful first filter for HTS aimed at inhibitors of cell envelope processes.
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17
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Jiang L, Luirink J, Kooijmans SAA, van Kessel KPM, Jong W, van Essen M, Seinen CW, de Maat S, de Jong OG, Gitz-François JFF, Hennink WE, Vader P, Schiffelers RM. A post-insertion strategy for surface functionalization of bacterial and mammalian cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129763. [PMID: 33065252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles which are released by cells from all three domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. They can mediate cell-cell communication by transferring cargoes such as proteins and nucleic acids between cells. EVs receive great interest in both academia and industry as they have the potential to be natural drug carriers or vaccine candidates. However, limitations to their clinical translation exist as efficient isolation, loading, labelling and surface-engineering methods are lacking. In this article, we investigate a 'post-insertion' approach, which is commonly used in the functionalization of liposomes in the pharmaceutical field, on two different EV types: mammalian cell-derived EVs and bacteria-derived EVs. We aimed to find an easy and flexible approach to functionalize EVs, thereby improving the labelling, isolation, and surface-engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglei Jiang
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Abera Bioscience AB, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sander A A Kooijmans
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Max van Essen
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cor W Seinen
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven de Maat
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier G de Jong
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jerney F F Gitz-François
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vader
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- CDL Research, Division LAB, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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18
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Steinberg R, Origi A, Natriashvili A, Sarmah P, Licheva M, Walker PM, Kraft C, High S, Luirink J, Shi WQ, Helmstädter M, Ulbrich MH, Koch HG. Posttranslational insertion of small membrane proteins by the bacterial signal recognition particle. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000874. [PMID: 32997663 PMCID: PMC7549839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Small membrane proteins represent a largely unexplored yet abundant class of proteins in pro- and eukaryotes. They essentially consist of a single transmembrane domain and are associated with stress response mechanisms in bacteria. How these proteins are inserted into the bacterial membrane is unknown. Our study revealed that in Escherichia coli, the 27-amino-acid-long model protein YohP is recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP), as indicated by in vivo and in vitro site-directed cross-linking. Cross-links to SRP were also observed for a second small membrane protein, the 33-amino-acid-long YkgR. However, in contrast to the canonical cotranslational recognition by SRP, SRP was found to bind to YohP posttranslationally. In vitro protein transport assays in the presence of a SecY inhibitor and proteoliposome studies demonstrated that SRP and its receptor FtsY are essential for the posttranslational membrane insertion of YohP by either the SecYEG translocon or by the YidC insertase. Furthermore, our data showed that the yohP mRNA localized preferentially and translation-independently to the bacterial membrane in vivo. In summary, our data revealed that YohP engages an unique SRP-dependent posttranslational insertion pathway that is likely preceded by an mRNA targeting step. This further highlights the enormous plasticity of bacterial protein transport machineries. Small membrane proteins represent a largely unexplored yet abundant class of proteins, but how they are inserted into the bacterial membrane is unknown. This study identifies a novel posttranslational protein transport pathway that relies on the signal recognition particle and the SecYEG translocon/YidC insertase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Steinberg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Origi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Natriashvili
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pinku Sarmah
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mariya Licheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Princess M. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephen High
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joen Luirink
- Molecular Microbiology, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wei. Q. Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Internal Medicine IV, Department of Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian H. Ulbrich
- Internal Medicine IV, Department of Medicine, Medical Center − University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Koch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Steenhuis M, Koningstein GM, Oswald J, Pick T, O'Keefe S, Koch HG, Cavalié A, Whitehead RC, Swanton E, High S, Luirink J. Eeyarestatin 24 impairs SecYEG-dependent protein trafficking and inhibits growth of clinically relevant pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:28-40. [PMID: 32798330 PMCID: PMC8273874 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eeyarestatin 1 (ES1) is an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associated protein degradation, Sec61‐dependent Ca2+ homeostasis and protein translocation into the ER. Recently, evidence was presented showing that a smaller analog of ES1, ES24, targets the Sec61‐translocon, and captures it in an open conformation that is translocation‐incompetent. We now show that ES24 impairs protein secretion and membrane protein insertion in Escherichia coli via the homologous SecYEG‐translocon. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that ES24 has a complex mode of action, probably involving multiple targets. Interestingly, ES24 shows antibacterial activity toward clinically relevant strains. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of ES24 is equivalent to or better than that of nitrofurantoin, a known antibiotic that, although structurally similar to ES24, does not interfere with SecYEG‐dependent protein trafficking. Like nitrofurantoin, we find that ES24 requires activation by the NfsA and NfsB nitroreductases, suggesting that the formation of highly reactive nitroso intermediates is essential for target inactivation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gregory M Koningstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Oswald
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tillman Pick
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sarah O'Keefe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hans-Georg Koch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adolfo Cavalié
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Roger C Whitehead
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eileithyia Swanton
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen High
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Jonkers TJH, Steenhuis M, Schalkwijk L, Luirink J, Bald D, Houtman CJ, Kool J, Lamoree MH, Hamers T. Development of a high-throughput bioassay for screening of antibiotics in aquatic environmental samples. Sci Total Environ 2020; 729:139028. [PMID: 32498177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to select a Gram-positive (Gram+) and Gram-negative (Gram-) strain to measure antimicrobial activity in environmental samples, allowing high-throughput environmental screening. The sensitivity of eight pre-selected bacterial strains were tested to a training set of ten antibiotics, i.e. three Gram+ Bacillus subtilis strains with different read-outs, and five Gram- strains. The latter group consisted of a bioluminescent Allivibrio fischeri strain and four Escherichia coli strains, i.e. a wild type (WT) and three strains with a modified cell envelope to increase their sensitivity. The WT B. subtilis and an E. coli strain newly developed in this study, were most sensitive to the training set. This E. coli strain carries an open variant of an outer membrane protein combined with an inactivated multidrug efflux transport system. The assay conditions of these two strains were optimized and validated by exposure to a validation set of thirteen antibiotics with clinical and environmental relevance. The assay sensitivity ranged from the ng/mL to μg/mL range. The applicability of the assays for toxicological characterization of aquatic environmental samples was demonstrated for hospital effluent extract. A future application includes effect-directed analysis to identify yet unknown antibiotic contaminants or their transformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J H Jonkers
- Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Schalkwijk
- Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Bald
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Corine J Houtman
- The Water Laboratory, J.W. Lucasweg 2, 2031 BE Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Biomolecular Analysis Group, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marja H Lamoree
- Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Timo Hamers
- Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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van den Berg van Saparoea HB, Houben D, Kuijl C, Luirink J, Jong WSP. Combining Protein Ligation Systems to Expand the Functionality of Semi-Synthetic Outer Membrane Vesicle Nanoparticles. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:890. [PMID: 32477305 PMCID: PMC7235339 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) attract increasing interest as immunostimulatory nanoparticles for the development of vaccines and therapeutic agents. We previously engineered the autotransporter protein Hemoglobin protease (Hbp) into a surface display carrier that can be expressed to high density on the surface of Salmonella OMVs. Moreover, we implemented Tag-Catcher protein ligation technology, to obtain dense display of single heterologous antigens and nanobodies on the OMVs through coupling to the distal end of the Hbp passenger domain. Here, we aimed to further expand the versatility of the Hbp platform by enabling the coupling of heterologous proteins to internal sites of the Hbp passenger. Inserted SpyTags were shown to be accessible at the Salmonella OMV surface and to efficiently couple SpyCatcher-equipped fusion proteins. Next, we combined distally placed SnoopCatcher or SnoopTag sequences with internal SpyTags in a single Hbp molecule. This allowed the coupling of two heterologous proteins to a single Hbp carrier molecule without obvious steric hindrance effects. Since coupling occurs to Hbp that is already exposed on the OMVs, there are no limitations to the size and complexity of the partner proteins. In conclusion, we constructed a versatile modular platform for the development of bivalent recombinant OMV-based vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane Houben
- Abera Bioscience AB, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Coen Kuijl
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam Institute of Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Abera Bioscience AB, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Jong WSP, Ten Hagen-Jongman CM, Vikström D, Dontje W, Abdallah AM, de Gier JW, Bitter W, Luirink J. Mutagenesis-Based Characterization and Improvement of a Novel Inclusion Body Tag. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:442. [PMID: 31998707 PMCID: PMC6965018 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas, bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) for long were regarded as undesirable aggregates emerging during recombinant protein production, they currently receive attention as promising nanoparticulate biomaterials with diverse applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. We previously identified ssTorA, a signal sequence that normally directs protein export via the Tat pathway in E. coli, as a tag that induces the accumulation of fused proteins into IBs under overexpression conditions. Here, we used targeted mutagenesis to identify features and motifs being either critical or dispensable for IB formation. We found that IB formation is neither related to the function of ssTorA as a Tat-signal sequence nor is it a general feature of this family of signal sequences. IB formation was inhibited by co-overexpression of ssTorA binding chaperones TorD and DnaK and by amino acid substitutions that affect the propensity of ssTorA to form an α-helix. Systematic deletion experiments identified a minimal region of ssTorA required for IB formation in the center of the signal sequence. Unbiased genetic screening of a library of randomly mutagenized ssTorA sequences for reduced aggregation properties allowed us to pinpoint residues that are critical to sustain insoluble expression. Together, the data point to possible mechanisms for the aggregation of ssTorA fusions. Additionally, they led to the design of a tag with superior IB-formation properties compared to the original ssTorA sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter S P Jong
- Abera Bioscience AB, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Corinne M Ten Hagen-Jongman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy Dontje
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abdallah M Abdallah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan-Willem de Gier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Abera Bioscience AB, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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23
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Schetters STT, Jong WSP, Horrevorts SK, Kruijssen LJW, Engels S, Stolk D, Daleke-Schermerhorn MH, Garcia-Vallejo J, Houben D, Unger WWJ, den Haan JMM, Luirink J, van Kooyk Y. Outer membrane vesicles engineered to express membrane-bound antigen program dendritic cells for cross-presentation to CD8 + T cells. Acta Biomater 2019; 91:248-257. [PMID: 31003032 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are vesicular nano-particles produced by Gram-negative bacteria that are recently being explored as vaccine vector. The fact that OMVs can be efficiently produced by a hypervesiculating Salmonella typhimurium strain, are packed with naturally-occurring adjuvants like lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and can be engineered to express any antigen of choice, makes them ideal candidates for vaccinology. However, it is unclear whether OMVs induce dendritic cell (DC)-mediated antigen-specific T cell responses and how immune activation is coordinated. Here, we show that OMVs induce maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs, murine bone marrow-derived DCs and CD11c+ splenic DCs. OMV-induced DC maturation was dependent on the presence of LPS and the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) adapter protein downstream of toll-like receptor signaling. Importantly, OMVs did not induce pyroptosis/cell death, but instead provided a significant survival benefit in DCs over non-stimulated DCs. OMVs displaying a sizeable ovalbumin fragment at the vesicle surface induce potent cross-presentation in BMDCs and splenic CD11c+ DCs to OTI CD8+ T cells, dependent on MyD88. Interestingly, the OMV-induced preference to cross-presentation was only partly dependent on the BATF3-dependent CD8a+ professional cross-presenting DC subset. Hence, an OMV-specific programming of DCs that induces maturation and provides a survival benefit for antigen presentation to T cells is identified. Additionally, for the first time, antigen-specific and potent cross-presentation of antigen-loaded OMVs to CD8+ T cells is demonstrated. These data provide mechanistical insight into the processes needed for the DC-mediated cross-presentation of OMV-derived antigens to CD8+ T cells with implications for therapeutic strategies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bacteria are primarily known to cause disease. However, recent research has focused on using engineered bacteria and its byproducts as vaccine agents. In particular, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have shown promise in eliciting potent immunity against a variety of pathogens. While most vaccines rely on the generation of antibodies, the control of viral replication and tumor growth is driven by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells induced by dendritic cells (DCs). As such, there is a dire need for vaccines that use DCs to elicit CD8+ T cell responses. Studying OMVs as engineered biomaterial and its interaction with DCs allows tailored induction of immunity. This study includes important findings on OMV-dendritic cell interactions and for the first time supports OMVs as vehicles for the induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Additionally, important mechanistical insight into the molecular pathways needed for the cross-presentation of OMV-derived antigens to CD8+ T cells is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sophie K Horrevorts
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J W Kruijssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steef Engels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorian Stolk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria H Daleke-Schermerhorn
- Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diane Houben
- Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J Unger
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Steenhuis M, Abdallah AM, de Munnik SM, Kuhne S, Sterk GJ, van den Berg van Saparoea B, Westerhausen S, Wagner S, van der Wel NN, Wijtmans M, van Ulsen P, Jong WSP, Luirink J. Inhibition of autotransporter biogenesis by small molecules. Mol Microbiol 2019; 112:81-98. [PMID: 30983025 PMCID: PMC6850105 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Disarming pathogens by targeting virulence factors is a promising alternative to classic antibiotics. Many virulence factors in Gram‐negative bacteria are secreted via the autotransporter (AT) pathway, also known as Type 5 secretion. These factors are secreted with the assistance of two membrane‐based protein complexes: Sec and Bam. To identify inhibitors of the AT pathway, we used transcriptomics analysis to develop a fluorescence‐based high‐throughput assay that reports on the stress induced by the model AT hemoglobin protease (Hbp) when its secretion across the outer membrane is inhibited. Screening a library of 1600 fragments yielded the compound VUF15259 that provokes cell envelope stress and secretion inhibition of the ATs Hbp and Antigen‐43. VUF15259 also impairs β‐barrel folding activity of various outer membrane proteins. Furthermore, we found that mutants that are compromised in outer membrane protein biogenesis are more susceptible to VUF15259. Finally, VUF15259 induces the release of vesicles that appear to assemble in short chains. Taken together, VUF15259 is the first reported compound that inhibits AT secretion and our data are mostly consistent with VUF15259 interfering with the Bam‐complex as potential mode of action. The validation of the presented assay incites its use to screen larger compound libraries with drug‐like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abdallah M Abdallah
- Bioscience Core Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrina M de Munnik
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Kuhne
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Sterk
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van den Berg van Saparoea
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sibel Westerhausen
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Wagner
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maikel Wijtmans
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Ulsen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter S P Jong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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25
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van Ulsen P, Zinner KM, Jong WSP, Luirink J. On display: autotransporter secretion and application. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5061625. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Ulsen
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katinka M Zinner
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joen Luirink
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Abera Bioscience AB, SE-111 45 Stockholm, Sweden
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Hays MP, Houben D, Yang Y, Luirink J, Hardwidge PR. Immunization With Skp Delivered on Outer Membrane Vesicles Protects Mice Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Challenge. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:132. [PMID: 29765911 PMCID: PMC5938412 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are promising vaccine components because they combine antigen and adjuvant in a single formulation. Detoxified Salmonella enterica strains that express penta-acylated lipid A retain OMV immunogenicity but with reduced reactogenicity. We have previously shown that a recombinant form of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) 17 kilodalton protein (Skp) protects mice in a pulmonary challenge model, when fused to the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) epitope and combined with cholera toxin. Here we compared directly the efficacy of expressing Skp in detoxified Salmonella OMVs to GST-Skp for their ability to protect mice against ETEC challenge. We observed that the display of Skp on OMVs, in the absence of exogenous adjuvant, protects the mice as well as the recombinant GST-Skp with adjuvant, showing that we can achieve protection when antigen and adjuvant are administered as a single formulation. Collectively, these data demonstrate the utility of using OMVs for the expression and display of antigens for use in vaccine development and validate previously published work demonstrating that immunization with Skp is efficacious in protecting mice against ETEC challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Hays
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Diane Houben
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yang Yang
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Joen Luirink
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip R Hardwidge
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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27
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Jong WSP, Schillemans M, ten Hagen-Jongman CM, Luirink J, van Ulsen P. Comparing autotransporter β-domain configurations for their capacity to secrete heterologous proteins to the cell surface. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191622. [PMID: 29415042 PMCID: PMC5802855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Monomeric autotransporters have been extensively used for export of recombinant proteins to the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria. A bottleneck in the biosynthesis of such constructs is the passage of the outer membrane, which is facilitated by the β-domain at the C terminus of an autotransporter in conjunction with the Bam complex in the outer membrane. We have evaluated eight β-domain constructs for their capacity to secrete fused proteins to the cell surface. These constructs derive from the monomeric autotransporters Hbp, IgA protease, Ag43 and EstA and the trimeric autotransporter Hia, which all were selected because they have been previously used for secretion of recombinant proteins. We fused three different protein domains to the eight β-domain constructs, being a Myc-tag, the Hbp passenger and a nanobody or VHH domain, and assessed expression, membrane insertion and surface exposure. Our results show that expression levels differed considerably between the constructs tested. The constructs that included the β-domains of Hbp and IgA protease appeared the most efficient and resulted in expression levels that were detectable on Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE gels. The VHH domain appeared the most difficult fusion partner to export, probably due to its complex immunoglobulin-like structure with a tertiary structure stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond. Overall, the Hbp β-domain compared favorably in exporting the fused recombinant proteins, because it showed in every instance tested a good level of expression, stable membrane insertion and clear surface exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter S. P. Jong
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: ;
| | | | - Corinne M. ten Hagen-Jongman
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter van Ulsen
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: ;
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28
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Peschke M, Le Goff M, Koningstein GM, Karyolaimos A, de Gier JW, van Ulsen P, Luirink J. SRP, FtsY, DnaK and YidC Are Required for the Biogenesis of the E. coli Tail-Anchored Membrane Proteins DjlC and Flk. J Mol Biol 2017; 430:389-403. [PMID: 29246766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tail-anchored membrane proteins (TAMPs) are relatively simple membrane proteins characterized by a single transmembrane domain (TMD) at their C-terminus. Consequently, the hydrophobic TMD, which acts as a subcellular targeting signal, emerges from the ribosome only after termination of translation precluding canonical co-translational targeting and membrane insertion. In contrast to the well-studied eukaryotic TAMPs, surprisingly little is known about the cellular components that facilitate the biogenesis of bacterial TAMPs. In this study, we identify DjlC and Flk as bona fide Escherichia coli TAMPs and show that their TMDs are necessary and sufficient for authentic membrane targeting of the fluorescent reporter mNeonGreen. Using strains conditional for the expression of known E. coli membrane targeting and insertion factors, we demonstrate that the signal recognition particle (SRP), its receptor FtsY, the chaperone DnaK and insertase YidC are each required for efficient membrane localization of both TAMPs. A close association between the TMD of DjlC and Flk with both the Ffh subunit of SRP and YidC was confirmed by site-directed in vivo photo-crosslinking. In addition, our data suggest that the hydrophobicity of the TMD correlates with the dependency on SRP for efficient targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Peschke
- The Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mélanie Le Goff
- The Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gregory M Koningstein
- The Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandros Karyolaimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Willem de Gier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter van Ulsen
- The Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- The Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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29
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Jong WSP, Vikström D, Houben D, van den Berg van Saparoea HB, de Gier JW, Luirink J. Application of an E. coli signal sequence as a versatile inclusion body tag. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:50. [PMID: 28320377 PMCID: PMC5359840 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heterologous protein production in Escherichia coli often suffers from bottlenecks such as proteolytic degradation, complex purification procedures and toxicity towards the expression host. Production of proteins in an insoluble form in inclusion bodies (IBs) can alleviate these problems. Unfortunately, the propensity of heterologous proteins to form IBs is variable and difficult to predict. Hence, fusing the target protein to an aggregation prone polypeptide or IB-tag is a useful strategy to produce difficult-to-express proteins in an insoluble form. Results When screening for signal sequences that mediate optimal targeting of heterologous proteins to the periplasmic space of E. coli, we observed that fusion to the 39 amino acid signal sequence of E. coli TorA (ssTorA) did not promote targeting but rather directed high-level expression of the human proteins hEGF, Pla2 and IL-3 in IBs. Further analysis revealed that ssTorA even mediated IB formation of the highly soluble endogenous E. coli proteins TrxA and MBP. The ssTorA also induced aggregation when fused to the C-terminus of target proteins and appeared functional as IB-tag in E. coli K-12 as well as B strains. An additive effect on IB-formation was observed upon fusion of multiple ssTorA sequences in tandem, provoking almost complete aggregation of TrxA and MBP. The ssTorA-moiety was successfully used to produce the intrinsically unstable hEGF and the toxic fusion partner SymE, demonstrating its applicability as an IB-tag for difficult-to-express and toxic proteins. Conclusions We present proof-of-concept for the use of ssTorA as a small, versatile tag for robust E. coli-based expression of heterologous proteins in IBs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0662-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter S P Jong
- Abera Bioscience AB, 11145, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | - Jan-Willem de Gier
- Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joen Luirink
- Abera Bioscience AB, 11145, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Kuipers G, Peschke M, Ismail NB, Hjelm A, Schlegel S, Vikström D, Luirink J, de Gier JW. Optimizing E. coli-Based Membrane Protein Production Using Lemo21(DE3) or pReX and GFP-Fusions. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1586:109-126. [PMID: 28470601 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6887-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the conditions for the production of membrane proteins in E. coli is usually a laborious and time-consuming process. Combining the Lemo21(DE3) strain or the pReX T7-based expression vector with membrane proteins C-terminally fused to Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) greatly facilitates the optimization of membrane protein production yields. Both Lemo21(DE3) and pReX allow precise regulation of expression intensities of genes encoding membrane proteins, which is critical to identify the optimal production condition for a membrane protein. The use of GFP-fusions allows direct monitoring and visualization of membrane proteins at any stage during the production optimization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grietje Kuipers
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Xbrane Biopharma AB, Banvaktsvägen 22, SE-171 48, Solna, Sweden
| | - Markus Peschke
- The Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Hjelm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan Schlegel
- Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - David Vikström
- Xbrane Biopharma AB, Banvaktsvägen 22, SE-171 48, Solna, Sweden
| | - Joen Luirink
- The Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem de Gier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Xbrane Biopharma AB, Banvaktsvägen 22, SE-171 48, Solna, Sweden.
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31
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Glas M, van den Berg van Saparoea HB, McLaughlin SH, Roseboom W, Liu F, Koningstein GM, Fish A, den Blaauwen T, Heck AJR, de Jong L, Bitter W, de Esch IJP, Luirink J. The Soluble Periplasmic Domains of Escherichia coli Cell Division Proteins FtsQ/FtsB/FtsL Form a Trimeric Complex with Submicromolar Affinity. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21498-509. [PMID: 26160297 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.654756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division in Escherichia coli involves a set of essential proteins that assembles at midcell to form the so-called divisome. The divisome regulates the invagination of the inner membrane, cell wall synthesis, and inward growth of the outer membrane. One of the divisome proteins, FtsQ, plays a central but enigmatic role in cell division. This protein associates with FtsB and FtsL, which, like FtsQ, are bitopic inner membrane proteins with a large periplasmic domain (denoted FtsQp, FtsBp, and FtsLp) that is indispensable for the function of each protein. Considering the vital nature and accessible location of the FtsQBL complex, it is an attractive target for protein-protein interaction inhibitors intended to block bacterial cell division. In this study, we expressed FtsQp, FtsBp, and FtsLp individually and in combination. Upon co-expression, FtsQp was co-purified with FtsBp and FtsLp from E. coli extracts as a stable trimeric complex. FtsBp was also shown to interact with FtsQp in the absence of FtsLp albeit with lower affinity. Interactions were mapped at the C terminus of the respective domains by site-specific cross-linking. The binding affinity and 1:1:1 stoichiometry of the FtsQpBpLp complex and the FtsQpBp subcomplex were determined in complementary surface plasmon resonance, analytical ultracentrifugation, and native mass spectrometry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Glas
- From the Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Bart van den Berg van Saparoea
- From the Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen H McLaughlin
- the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Winfried Roseboom
- the Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Mass Spectrometry of Biomacromolecules, and
| | - Fan Liu
- the Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and
| | - Gregory M Koningstein
- From the Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Fish
- the NKI Protein Facility, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanneke den Blaauwen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Bacterial Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- the Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and
| | - Luitzen de Jong
- the Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Mass Spectrometry of Biomacromolecules, and
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- From the Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iwan J P de Esch
- From the Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- From the Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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32
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Vischer NOE, Verheul J, Postma M, van den Berg van Saparoea B, Galli E, Natale P, Gerdes K, Luirink J, Vollmer W, Vicente M, den Blaauwen T. Cell age dependent concentration of Escherichia coli divisome proteins analyzed with ImageJ and ObjectJ. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:586. [PMID: 26124755 PMCID: PMC4462998 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli multiplies by elongation followed by binary fission. Longitudinal growth of the cell envelope and synthesis of the new poles are organized by two protein complexes called elongasome and divisome, respectively. We have analyzed the spatio-temporal localization patterns of many of these morphogenetic proteins by immunolabeling the wild type strain MC4100 grown to steady state in minimal glucose medium at 28°C. This allowed the direct comparison of morphogenetic protein localization patterns as a function of cell age as imaged by phase contrast and fluorescence wide field microscopy. Under steady state conditions the age distribution of the cells is constant and is directly correlated to cell length. To quantify cell size and protein localization parameters in 1000s of labeled cells, we developed ‘Coli-Inspector,’ which is a project running under ImageJ with the plugin ‘ObjectJ.’ ObjectJ organizes image-analysis tasks using an integrated approach with the flexibility to produce different output formats from existing markers such as intensity data and geometrical parameters. ObjectJ supports the combination of automatic and interactive methods giving the user complete control over the method of image analysis and data collection, with visual inspection tools for quick elimination of artifacts. Coli-inspector was used to sort the cells according to division cycle cell age and to analyze the spatio-temporal localization pattern of each protein. A unique dataset has been created on the concentration and position of the proteins during the cell cycle. We show for the first time that a subset of morphogenetic proteins have a constant cellular concentration during the cell division cycle whereas another set exhibits a cell division cycle dependent concentration variation. Using the number of proteins present at midcell, the stoichiometry of the divisome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert O E Vischer
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Verheul
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marten Postma
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart van den Berg van Saparoea
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Galli
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paolo Natale
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Kenn Gerdes
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Miguel Vicente
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Tanneke den Blaauwen
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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33
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Kuipers K, Daleke-Schermerhorn MH, Jong WSP, ten Hagen-Jongman CM, van Opzeeland F, Simonetti E, Luirink J, de Jonge MI. Salmonella outer membrane vesicles displaying high densities of pneumococcal antigen at the surface offer protection against colonization. Vaccine 2015; 33:2022-9. [PMID: 25776921 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are attractive vaccine formulations because they have intrinsic immunostimulatory properties. In principle, heterologous antigens incorporated into OMVs will elicit specific immune responses, especially if presented at the vesicle surface and thus optimally exposed to the immune system. In this study, we explored the feasibility of our recently developed autotransporter Hbp platform, designed to efficiently and simultaneously display multiple antigens at the surface of bacterial OMVs, for vaccine development. Using two Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins as model antigens, we showed that intranasally administered Salmonella OMVs displaying high levels of antigens at the surface induced strong protection in a murine model of pneumococcal colonization, without the need for a mucosal adjuvant. Importantly, reduction in bacterial recovery from the nasal cavity was correlated with local production of antigen-specific IL-17A. Furthermore, the protective efficacy and the production of antigen-specific IL-17A, and local and systemic IgGs, were all improved at increased concentrations of the displayed antigen. This discovery highlights the importance of an adequate antigen expression system for development of recombinant OMV vaccines. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the suitability of the Hbp platform for development of a new generation of OMV vaccines, and illustrate the potential of using this approach to develop a broadly protective mucosal pneumococcal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Kuipers
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria H Daleke-Schermerhorn
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter S P Jong
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Corinne M ten Hagen-Jongman
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fred van Opzeeland
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elles Simonetti
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Abera Bioscience AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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34
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Bastiaansen KC, Otero-Asman JR, Luirink J, Bitter W, Llamas MA. Processing of cell-surface signalling anti-sigma factors prior to signal recognition is a conserved autoproteolytic mechanism that produces two functional domains. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:3263-77. [PMID: 25581349 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface signalling (CSS) enables Gram-negative bacteria to transduce an environmental signal into a cytosolic response. This regulatory cascade involves an outer membrane receptor that transmits the signal to an anti-sigma factor in the cytoplasmic membrane, allowing the activation of an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor. Recent studies have demonstrated that RseP-mediated proteolysis of the anti-sigma factors is key to σ(ECF) activation. Using the Pseudomonas aeruginosa FoxR anti-sigma factor, we show here that RseP is responsible for the generation of an N-terminal tail that likely contains pro-sigma activity. Furthermore, it has been reported previously that this anti-sigma factor is processed in two separate domains prior to signal recognition. Here, we demonstrate that this process is common in these types of proteins and that the processing event is probably due to autoproteolytic activity. The resulting domains interact and function together to transduce the CSS signal. However, our results also indicate that this processing event is not essential for activity. In fact, we have identified functional CSS anti-sigma factors that are not cleaved prior to signal perception. Together, our results indicate that CSS regulation can occur through both complete and initially processed anti-sigma factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn C Bastiaansen
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.,Section of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joaquín R Otero-Asman
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Joen Luirink
- Section of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Section of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María A Llamas
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
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Jong WSP, Daleke-Schermerhorn MH, Vikström D, Ten Hagen-Jongman CM, de Punder K, van der Wel NN, van de Sandt CE, Rimmelzwaan GF, Follmann F, Agger EM, Andersen P, de Gier JW, Luirink J. An autotransporter display platform for the development of multivalent recombinant bacterial vector vaccines. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:162. [PMID: 25421093 PMCID: PMC4252983 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Autotransporter pathway, ubiquitous in Gram-negative bacteria, allows the efficient secretion of large passenger proteins via a relatively simple mechanism. Capitalizing on its crystal structure, we have engineered the Escherichia coli autotransporter Hemoglobin protease (Hbp) into a versatile platform for secretion and surface display of multiple heterologous proteins in one carrier molecule. Results As proof-of-concept, we demonstrate efficient secretion and high-density display of the sizeable Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens ESAT6, Ag85B and Rv2660c in E. coli simultaneously. Furthermore, we show stable multivalent display of these antigens in an attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium strain upon chromosomal integration. To emphasize the versatility of the Hbp platform, we also demonstrate efficient expression of multiple sizeable antigenic fragments from Chlamydia trachomatis and the influenza A virus at the Salmonella cell surface. Conclusions The successful efficient cell surface display of multiple antigens from various pathogenic organisms highlights the potential of Hbp as a universal platform for the development of multivalent recombinant bacterial vector vaccines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-014-0162-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter S P Jong
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Abera Bioscience AB, SE-111 45, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria H Daleke-Schermerhorn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Abera Bioscience AB, SE-111 45, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - David Vikström
- Xbrane Bioscience AB, SE-111 45, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Corinne M Ten Hagen-Jongman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Abera Bioscience AB, SE-111 45, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karin de Punder
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Present Address: Institute for Medical Psychology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Present Address: Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015, GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Follmann
- Department of Infectious Disease & Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Else Marie Agger
- Department of Infectious Disease & Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease & Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jan-Willem de Gier
- Xbrane Bioscience AB, SE-111 45, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Abera Bioscience AB, SE-111 45, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Drobnak I, Braselmann E, Chaney JL, Leyton DL, Bernstein HD, Lithgow T, Luirink J, Nataro JP, Clark PL. Of linkers and autochaperones: an unambiguous nomenclature to identify common and uncommon themes for autotransporter secretion. Mol Microbiol 2014; 95:1-16. [PMID: 25345653 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Autotransporter (AT) proteins provide a diverse array of important virulence functions to Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, and have also been adapted for protein surface display applications. The 'autotransporter' moniker refers to early models that depicted these proteins facilitating their own translocation across the bacterial outer membrane. Although translocation is less autonomous than originally proposed, AT protein segments upstream of the C-terminal transmembrane β-barrel have nevertheless consistently been found to contribute to efficient translocation and/or folding of the N-terminal virulence region (the 'passenger'). However, defining the precise secretion functions of these AT regions has been complicated by the use of multiple overlapping and ambiguous terms to define AT sequence, structural, and functional features, including 'autochaperone', 'linker' and 'junction'. Moreover, the precise definitions and boundaries of these features vary among ATs and even among research groups, leading to an overall murky picture of the contributions of specific features to translocation. Here we propose a unified, unambiguous nomenclature for AT structural, functional and conserved sequence features, based on explicit criteria. Applied to 16 well-studied AT proteins, this nomenclature reveals new commonalities for translocation but also highlights that the autochaperone function is less closely associated with a conserved sequence element than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Drobnak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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van Ulsen P, Rahman SU, Jong WS, Daleke-Schermerhorn MH, Luirink J. Type V secretion: From biogenesis to biotechnology. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2014; 1843:1592-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Singh R, Kraft C, Jaiswal R, Sejwal K, Kasaragod VB, Kuper J, Bürger J, Mielke T, Luirink J, Bhushan S. Cryo-electron microscopic structure of SecA protein bound to the 70S ribosome. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7190-7199. [PMID: 24443566 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SecA is an ATP-dependent molecular motor pumping secretory and outer membrane proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria. SecA associates with the protein-conducting channel, the heterotrimeric SecYEG complex, in a so-called posttranslational manner. A recent study further showed binding of a monomeric state of SecA to the ribosome. However, the true oligomeric state of SecA remains controversial because SecA can also form functional dimers, and high-resolution crystal structures exist for both the monomer and the dimer. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of Escherichia coli SecA bound to the ribosome. We show that not only a monomeric SecA binds to the ribosome but also that two copies of SecA can be observed that form an elongated dimer. Two copies of SecA completely surround the tunnel exit, providing a unique environment to the nascent polypeptides emerging from the ribosome. We identified the N-terminal helix of SecA required for a stable association with the ribosome. The structures indicate a possible function of the dimeric form of SecA at the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Singh
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kraft
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rahul Jaiswal
- Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Kushal Sejwal
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vikram Babu Kasaragod
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Bürger
- UltraStrukturNetzwerk, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité, Ziegelstrasse 5-8, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mielke
- UltraStrukturNetzwerk, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité, Ziegelstrasse 5-8, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Rudolf Virchow Center/DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551.
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van der Woude AD, Stoop EJM, Stiess M, Wang S, Ummels R, van Stempvoort G, Piersma SR, Cascioferro A, Jiménez CR, Houben ENG, Luirink J, Pieters J, van der Sar AM, Bitter W. Analysis of SecA2-dependent substrates in Mycobacterium marinum identifies protein kinase G (PknG) as a virulence effector. Cell Microbiol 2013; 16:280-95. [PMID: 24119166 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenicity of mycobacteria is closely associated with their ability to export virulence factors. For this purpose, mycobacteria possess different protein secretion systems, including the accessory Sec translocation pathway, SecA2. Although this pathway is associated with intracellular survival and virulence, the SecA2-dependent effector proteins remain largely undefined. In this work, we studied a Mycobacterium marinum secA2 mutant with an impaired capacity to initiate granuloma formation in zebrafish embryos. By comparing the proteomic profile of cell envelope fractions from the secA2 mutant with wild type M. marinum, we identified putative SecA2-dependent substrates. Immunoblotting procedures confirmed SecA2-dependent membrane localization for several of these proteins, including the virulence factor protein kinase G (PknG). Interestingly, phenotypical defects of the secA2 mutant are similar to those described for ΔpknG, including phagosomal maturation. Overexpression of PknG in the secA2 mutant restored its localization to the cell envelope. Importantly, PknG-overexpression also partially restored the virulence of the secA2 mutant, as indicated by enhanced infectivity in zebrafish embryos and restored inhibition of phagosomal maturation. These results suggest that SecA2-dependent membrane localization of PknG is an important determinant for M. marinum virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek D van der Woude
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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van den Berg van Saparoea HB, Glas M, Vernooij IGWH, Bitter W, den Blaauwen T, Luirink J. Fine-mapping the contact sites of the Escherichia coli cell division proteins FtsB and FtsL on the FtsQ protein. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24340-50. [PMID: 23846696 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.485888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli cell division is effected by a large assembly of proteins called the divisome, of which a subcomplex consisting of three bitopic inner membrane proteins, FtsQ, FtsB, and FtsL, is an essential part. These three proteins, hypothesized to link cytoplasmic to periplasmic events during cell division, contain large periplasmic domains that are of major importance for function and complex formation. The essential nature of this subcomplex, its low abundance, and its multiple interactions with key divisome components in the relatively accessible periplasm make it an attractive target for the development of protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Although the crystal structure of the periplasmic domain of FtsQ has been solved, the structure of the FtsQBL complex is unknown, with only very crude indications of the interactions in this complex. In this study, we used in vivo site-specific photo cross-linking to probe the surface of the FtsQ periplasmic domain for its interaction interfaces with FtsB and FtsL. An interaction hot spot for FtsB was identified around residue Ser-250 in the C-terminal region of FtsQ and a membrane-proximal interaction region for both proteins around residue Lys-59. Sequence alignment revealed a consensus motif overlapping with the C-terminal interaction hot spot, underlining the importance of this region in FtsQ. The identification of contact sites in the FtsQBL complex will guide future development of interaction inhibitors that block cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bart van den Berg van Saparoea
- Section of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Bruel N, Castanié-Cornet MP, Cirinesi AM, Koningstein G, Georgopoulos C, Luirink J, Genevaux P. Hsp33 controls elongation factor-Tu stability and allows Escherichia coli growth in the absence of the major DnaK and trigger factor chaperones. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:44435-46. [PMID: 23148222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.418525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular de novo protein folding is assisted by cellular networks of molecular chaperones. In Escherichia coli, cooperation between the chaperones trigger factor (TF) and DnaK is central to this process. Accordingly, the simultaneous deletion of both chaperone-encoding genes leads to severe growth and protein folding defects. Herein, we took advantage of such defective phenotypes to further elucidate the interactions of chaperone networks in vivo. We show that disruption of the TF/DnaK chaperone pathway is efficiently rescued by overexpression of the redox-regulated chaperone Hsp33. Consistent with this observation, the deletion of hslO, the Hsp33 structural gene, is no longer tolerated in the absence of the TF/DnaK pathway. However, in contrast with other chaperones like GroEL or SecB, suppression by Hsp33 was not attributed to its potential overlapping general chaperone function(s). Instead, we show that overexpressed Hsp33 specifically binds to elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) and targets it for degradation by the protease Lon. This synergistic action of Hsp33 and Lon was responsible for the rescue of bacterial growth in the absence of TF and DnaK, by presumably restoring the coupling between translation and the downstream folding capacity of the cell. In support of this hypothesis, we show that overexpression of the stress-responsive toxin HipA, which inhibits EF-Tu, also rescues bacterial growth and protein folding in the absence of TF and DnaK. The relevance for such a convergence of networks of chaperones and proteases acting directly on EF-Tu to modulate the intracellular rate of protein synthesis in response to protein aggregation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bruel
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaire (LMGM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
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42
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Houben ENG, Bestebroer J, Ummels R, Wilson L, Piersma SR, Jiménez CR, Ottenhoff THM, Luirink J, Bitter W. Composition of the type VII secretion system membrane complex. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:472-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jovanka Bestebroer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Roy Ummels
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Louis Wilson
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Sander R. Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology; OncoProteomics Laboratory; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Connie R. Jiménez
- Department of Medical Oncology; OncoProteomics Laboratory; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden; The Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology; Institute of Molecular Cell Biology; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
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Daleke MH, van der Woude AD, Parret AHA, Ummels R, de Groot AM, Watson D, Piersma SR, Jiménez CR, Luirink J, Bitter W, Houben ENG. Specific chaperones for the type VII protein secretion pathway. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:31939-47. [PMID: 22843727 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.397596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria use the dedicated type VII protein secretion systems ESX-1 and ESX-5 to secrete virulence factors across their highly hydrophobic cell envelope. The substrates of these systems include the large mycobacterial PE and PPE protein families, which are named after their characteristic Pro-Glu and Pro-Pro-Glu motifs. Pathogenic mycobacteria secrete large numbers of PE/PPE proteins via the major export pathway, ESX-5. In addition, a few PE/PPE proteins have been shown to be exported by ESX-1. It is not known how ESX-1 and ESX-5 recognize their cognate PE/PPE substrates. In this work, we investigated the function of the cytosolic protein EspG(5), which is essential for ESX-5-mediated secretion in Mycobacterium marinum, but for which the role in secretion is not known. By performing protein co-purifications, we show that EspG(5) interacts with several PPE proteins and a PE/PPE complex that is secreted by ESX-5, but not with the unrelated ESX-5 substrate EsxN or with PE/PPE proteins secreted by ESX-1. Conversely, the ESX-1 paralogue EspG(1) interacted with a PE/PPE couple secreted by ESX-1, but not with PE/PPE substrates of ESX-5. Furthermore, structural analysis of the complex formed by EspG(5) and PE/PPE indicates that these proteins interact in a 1:1:1 ratio. In conclusion, our study shows that EspG(5) and EspG(1) interact specifically with PE/PPE proteins that are secreted via their own ESX systems and suggests that EspG proteins are specific chaperones for the type VII pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Daleke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Woude AD, Sarkar D, Bhatt A, Sparrius M, Raadsen SA, Boon L, Geurtsen J, van der Sar AM, Luirink J, Houben ENG, Besra GS, Bitter W. Unexpected link between lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis and surface protein release in Mycobacterium marinum. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20417-29. [PMID: 22505711 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.336461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycobacterial cell envelope is characterized by the presence of a highly impermeable second membrane, which is composed of mycolic acids intercalated with different unusual free lipids, such as lipooligosaccharides (LOS). Transport across this cell envelope requires a dedicated secretion system for extracellular proteins, such as PE_PGRS proteins, which are specific mycobacterial proteins with polymorphic GC-rich sequence (PGRS). In this study, we set out to identify novel components involved in the secretion of PE_PGRS proteins by screening Mycobacterium marinum transposon mutants for secretion defects. Interestingly, most mutants were not affected in secretion but in the release of PE_PGRS proteins from the cell surface. These mutants had insertions in a gene cluster associated with LOS biosynthesis. Lipid analysis of these mutants revealed a role at different stages of LOS biosynthesis for 10 novel genes. Furthermore, we show that regulatory protein WhiB4 is involved in LOS biosynthesis. The absence of the most extended LOS molecule, i.e. LOS-IV, and a concomitant accumulation of LOS-III was already sufficient to reduce the release of PE_PGRS proteins from the mycobacterial cell surface. A similar effect was observed for major surface protein EspE. These results show that the attachment of surface proteins is strongly influenced by the glycolipid composition of the mycobacterial cell envelope. Finally, we tested the virulence of a LOS-IV-deficient mutant in our zebrafish embryo infection model. This mutant showed a marked increase in virulence as compared with the wild-type strain, suggesting that LOS-IV plays a role in the modulation of mycobacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek D van der Woude
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Saurí A, ten Hagen-Jongman CM, van Ulsen P, Luirink J. Estimating the Size of the Active Translocation Pore of an Autotransporter. J Mol Biol 2012; 416:335-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Abstract
Protein secretion is an essential determinant of mycobacterial virulence. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a unique cell envelope consisting of two lipid bilayers, which requires dedicated protein secretion pathways. The conserved general Sec and Tat translocation systems are responsible for protein transport across the inner membrane and are both essential. Additionally, the accessory Sec pathway specifically contributes to virulence. How transport of Sec/Tat substrates across the outer membrane is accomplished is currently an enigma. In addition to these pathways, M. tuberculosis also developed specialized secretion systems for protein transport across both membranes, the type VII or ESX secretion systems. Here, we discuss our current knowledge about the mechanisms and substrates of these different protein translocation systems and their role in mycobacterial physiology and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek D van der Woude
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Luirink J, Yu Z, Wagner S, de Gier JW. Biogenesis of inner membrane proteins in Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1817:965-76. [PMID: 22201544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The inner membrane proteome of the model organism Escherichia coli is composed of inner membrane proteins, lipoproteins and peripherally attached soluble proteins. Our knowledge of the biogenesis of inner membrane proteins is rapidly increasing. This is in particular true for the early steps of biogenesis - protein targeting to and insertion into the membrane. However, our knowledge of inner membrane protein folding and quality control is still fragmentary. Furthering our knowledge in these areas will bring us closer to understand the biogenesis of individual inner membrane proteins in the context of the biogenesis of the inner membrane proteome of Escherichia coli as a whole. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biogenesis/Assembly of Respiratory Enzyme Complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joen Luirink
- Section of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Saur A, Oreshkova N, Soprova Z, Jong WS, Sani M, Peters PJ, Luirink J, van Ulsen P. Autotransporter ?-Domains Have a Specific Function in Protein Secretion beyond Outer-Membrane Targeting. J Mol Biol 2011; 412:553-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Daleke MH, Cascioferro A, de Punder K, Ummels R, Abdallah AM, van der Wel N, Peters PJ, Luirink J, Manganelli R, Bitter W. Conserved Pro-Glu (PE) and Pro-Pro-Glu (PPE) protein domains target LipY lipases of pathogenic mycobacteria to the cell surface via the ESX-5 pathway. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:19024-34. [PMID: 21471225 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.204966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The type VII secretion system ESX-5 is a major pathway for export of PE and PPE proteins in pathogenic mycobacteria. These mycobacteria-specific protein families are characterized by conserved N-terminal domains of 100 and 180 amino acids, which contain the proline-glutamic acid (PE) and proline-proline-glutamic acid (PPE) motifs after which they are named. Here we investigated secretion of the triacylglycerol lipase LipY, which in fast-growing mycobacteria contains a signal sequence, but in slow-growing species appears to have replaced the signal peptide with a PE or PPE domain. Selected LipY homologues were expressed in wild-type Mycobacterium marinum and its corresponding ESX-5 mutant, and localization of the proteins was investigated by immunoblotting and electron microscopy. Our study shows that Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE-LipY (LipY(tub)) and M. marinum PPE-LipY (LipY(mar)) are both secreted to the bacterial surface in an ESX-5-dependent fashion. After transport, the PE/PPE domains are removed by proteolytic cleavage. In contrast, Mycobacterium gilvum LipY, which has a signal sequence, is not transported to the cell surface. Furthermore, we show that LipY(tub) and LipY(mar) require their respective PE and PPE domains for ESX-5-dependent secretion. The role of the PE domain in ESX-5 secretion was confirmed in a whole cell lipase assay, in which wild-type bacteria expressing full-length LipY(tub), but not LipY(tub) lacking its PE domain, were shown to hydrolyze extracellular lipids. In conclusion, both PE and PPE domains contain a signal required for secretion of LipY by the ESX-5 system, and these domains are proteolytically removed upon translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Daleke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Roussel-Jazédé V, Gelder PV, Sijbrandi R, Rutten L, Otto BR, Luirink J, Gros P, Tommassen J, Ulsen PV. Channel properties of the translocator domain of the autotransporter Hbp ofEscherichia coli. Mol Membr Biol 2011; 28:158-70. [DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2010.550328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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