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Sarkar H, Lahne M, Nair N, Moosajee M. Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Represent Novel Therapeutic Targets for Choroideremia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1694. [PMID: 37759997 PMCID: PMC10525549 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroideremia (CHM) is a rare X-linked chorioretinal dystrophy, affecting the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid, with no approved therapy. CHM is caused by mutations in the CHM gene, which encodes the ubiquitously expressed Rab escort protein 1 (REP1). REP1 is involved in prenylation, a post-translational modification of Rab proteins, and plays an essential role in intracellular trafficking. In this study, we examined oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways in chmru848 zebrafish and CHMY42X patient fibroblasts, and screened a number of neuroprotectants for their ability to reduce stress. The expression of the oxidative stress markers txn, cat and sod3a, and the ER stress markers bip, atf4 and atf6, were dysregulated in chmru848 fish. The expression of SOD2 was also reduced in CHMY42X fibroblasts, along with reduced BIP and increased CHOP expression. The lack of REP1 is associated with defects in vesicular trafficking, photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis and melanosome transport, leading to increased levels of stress within the retina and RPE. Drugs targeting oxidative and ER stress pathways represent novel therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajrah Sarkar
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Neelima Nair
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
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2
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White D, Abdulla M, Park SB, Goldstein D, Moalem-Taylor G, Lees JG. Targeting translation: a review of preclinical animal models in the development of treatments for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023. [PMID: 36995049 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The expanding use of chemotherapy in curative cancer treatment has simultaneously resulted in a substantial and growing cohort of cancer survivors with prolonged disability from chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). CIPN is associated with several commonly prescribed chemotherapeutics, including taxanes, platinum-based drugs, vinca alkaloids, bortezomib and thalidomide. These distinct classes of chemotherapeutics, with their varied neurotoxic mechanisms, often cause patients to suffer from a broad profile of neuropathic symptoms including chronic numbness, paraesthesia, loss of proprioception or vibration sensation and neuropathic pain. Decades of investigation by numerous research groups has provided substantial insights describing this disease. Despite these advances there is currently no effective curative or preventative treatment option for CIPN and only the dual serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Duloxetine is recommended by clinical guidelines for the symptomatic treatment of painful CIPN. METHODS In this review, we examine current preclinical models, with our analysis focused upon translational relevance and value. RESULTS Animal models have been pivotal in achieving a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CIPN. However, it has been challenging for researchers to develop appropriate preclinical models that are effective vehicles for the discovery of translatable treatment options. INTERPRETATION Further development of preclinical models targeting translational relevance will promote value for preclinical outcomes in CIPN studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel White
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Munawwar Abdulla
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susanna B Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justin G Lees
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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West AB, Schwarzschild MA. LRRK2-Targeting Therapies March Through the Valley of Death. Mov Disord 2023; 38:361-365. [PMID: 36942368 PMCID: PMC11076002 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, 3 Genome court, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael A. Schwarzschild
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
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4
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Zhang H, Wang L, Yang Y, Cai C, Wang X, Deng L, He B, Zhou W, Cui Y. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) alleviates poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) by suppressing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:987293. [PMID: 36712684 PMCID: PMC9878832 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.987293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the recovery of cognitive function has become an essential part of stroke rehabilitation. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a neuroprotective reagent and has been used in stroke treatment. Clinical studies have confirmed that NBP can achieve better cognitive outcomes in ischemic stroke patients than in healthy controls. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influences of NBP on cognitive function in an ischemic reperfusion (I/R) rat model. Our results showed that NBP profoundly decreased neurological scores, reduced cerebral infarct areas and enhanced cerebral blood flow (CBF). NBP potently alleviated poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) including depression-like behavior and learning, memory and social cognition impairments, in I/R rats. NBP distinctly suppressed the activation of microglia and astrocytes and improved neuron viability in the ischemic brain. NBP inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), by targeting the nuclear factor kappa B/inducible nitric oxide synthase (NF-κB/iNOS) pathway and decreased cerebral oxidative stress factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), by targeting the kelch like ECH associated protein 1/nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf2) pathway in the ischemic brain. The current study revealed that NBP treatment improved neurological function and ameliorated cognitive impairment in I/R rats, possibly by synergistically suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Center, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Laifa Wang
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Center, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Center, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanhai Cai
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Center, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Center, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Center, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Binsheng He
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Center, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Center, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Wenhu Zhou, ; Yanhui Cui,
| | - Yanhui Cui
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Research Center, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Wenhu Zhou, ; Yanhui Cui,
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5
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Zhang L, Chen C, Fu J, Lilley B, Berlinicke C, Hansen B, Ding D, Wang G, Wang T, Shou D, Ye Y, Mulligan T, Emmerich K, Saxena MT, Hall KR, Sharrock AV, Brandon C, Park H, Kam TI, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Shim JS, Hanes J, Ji H, Liu JO, Qian J, Ackerley DF, Rohrer B, Zack DJ, Mumm JS. Large-scale phenotypic drug screen identifies neuroprotectants in zebrafish and mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa. eLife 2021; 10:e57245. [PMID: 34184634 PMCID: PMC8425951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and associated inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are caused by rod photoreceptor degeneration, necessitating therapeutics promoting rod photoreceptor survival. To address this, we tested compounds for neuroprotective effects in multiple zebrafish and mouse RP models, reasoning drugs effective across species and/or independent of disease mutation may translate better clinically. We first performed a large-scale phenotypic drug screen for compounds promoting rod cell survival in a larval zebrafish model of inducible RP. We tested 2934 compounds, mostly human-approved drugs, across six concentrations, resulting in 113 compounds being identified as hits. Secondary tests of 42 high-priority hits confirmed eleven lead candidates. Leads were then evaluated in a series of mouse RP models in an effort to identify compounds effective across species and RP models, that is, potential pan-disease therapeutics. Nine of 11 leads exhibited neuroprotective effects in mouse primary photoreceptor cultures, and three promoted photoreceptor survival in mouse rd1 retinal explants. Both shared and complementary mechanisms of action were implicated across leads. Shared target tests implicated parp1-dependent cell death in our zebrafish RP model. Complementation tests revealed enhanced and additive/synergistic neuroprotective effects of paired drug combinations in mouse photoreceptor cultures and zebrafish, respectively. These results highlight the value of cross-species/multi-model phenotypic drug discovery and suggest combinatorial drug therapies may provide enhanced therapeutic benefits for RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Conan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jie Fu
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Brendan Lilley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Cynthia Berlinicke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Baranda Hansen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tao Wang
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- School of Chemistry, Xuzhou College of Industrial TechnologyXuzhouChina
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Daniel Shou
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ying Ye
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Timothy Mulligan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Kevin Emmerich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Meera T Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Kelsi R Hall
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Abigail V Sharrock
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Carlene Brandon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonUnited States
| | - Hyejin Park
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tae-In Kam
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, TaipaMacauChina
| | - Justin Hanes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - David F Ackerley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Baerbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonUnited States
| | - Donald J Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jeff S Mumm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
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6
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Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains to be a major cause of morbidity, mortality and severe neurodevelopmental disability in term neonates. Moderate whole body hypothermia is an established, effective neuroprotective therapy to reduce mortality and long-term disability associated with HIE, however, research for adjunct therapies is still warranted to complement the effect of hypothermia. In the last decade, molecular hydrogen emerged as a simple, available, inexpensive substance with advantageous pharmacokinetics to ameliorate hypoxic-ischemic cellular damage. The present review examines the preclinical studies employing hydrogen to combat the deleterious consequences of hypoxic-ischemic insults in rodent and piglet HIE models. Hydrogen exerted unequivocal neuroprotective actions shown by preserved neurovascular function, neuronal viability, and neurocognitive functions in virtually all model species and hypoxic-ischemic insult types tested. Administration of hydrogen started in most studies after the hypoxic-ischemic insult enhancing the translational value of the findings. Among the explored mechanisms of hydrogen-induced neuroprotection, antioxidant, anti- apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects appeared to be dominant. Unfortunately, the additive neuroprotective effect of hydrogen and therapeutic hypothermia has not yet been demonstrated, thus such studies are warranted to promote the clinical testing of molecular hydrogen as an adjunct neuroprotective treatment of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Domoki
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, School of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
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7
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Abstract
Presently the management of glaucoma is limited to lowering of intra-ocular pressure (IOP). Since this modality does not appear to be successful in all cases there is increasing focus on non-IOP lowering medications. Coenzyme Q is a naturally occurring compound similar to vitamins. There are a few reports suggesting the neuroprotective efficacy of this agent in glaucoma models. The present systematic review was undertaken to study the pharmacology, physiology, metabolism and role of Coenzyme Q in glaucoma. An English-language search for relevant items was undertaken using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and other databases. The present review found a positive outcome of Coenzyme Q as a neuroprotectant being reported in all studies. However, the review also found that the majority of studies on Coenzyme Q have been reported by a single group of researchers. In order to have a more wide-ranging impact regarding the efficacy of Coenzyme Q in glaucoma, it would be useful to undertake further multi- center trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed S Ahmad
- Ibnsina Academy of Medieval Sciences, Aligarh, India
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8
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Zhang H, Li CL, Wan F, Wang SJ, Wei XE, Hao YL, Leng HL, Li JM, Yan ZR, Wang BJ, Xu RS, Yu TM, Zhou LC, Fan DS. Efficacy of cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin in patients with acute cerebral infarction: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1266-1273. [PMID: 31960812 PMCID: PMC7047806 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.272616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin (CEGI) injection is a compound preparation formed by a combination of muscle extract from healthy rabbits and brain gangliosides from cattle, and it is generally used as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of central and peripheral nerve injuries. However, there is still a need for high-level clinical evidence from large samples to support the use of CEGI. We therefore carried out a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study in which we recruited 319 patients with acute cerebral infarction from 16 centers in China from October 2013 to May 2016. The patients were randomized at a 3:1 ratio into CEGI (n = 239; 155 male, 84 female; 61.2 ± 9.2 years old) and placebo (n = 80; 46 male, 34 female; 63.2 ± 8.28 years old) groups. All patients were given standard care once daily for 14 days, including a 200 mg aspirin enteric-coated tablet and 20 mg atorvastatin calcium, both taken orally, and intravenous infusion of 250–500 mL 0.9% sodium chloride containing 40 mg sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. Based on conventional treatment, patients in the CEGI and placebo groups were given 12 mL CEGI or 12 mL sterile water, respectively, in an intravenous drip of 250 mL 0.9% sodium chloride (2 mL/min) once daily for 14 days. According to baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, patients in the two groups were divided into mild and moderate subgroups. Based on the modified Rankin Scale results, the rate of patients with good outcomes in the CEGI group was higher than that in the placebo group, and the rate of disability in the CEGI group was lower than that in the placebo group on day 90 after treatment. In the CEGI group, neurological deficits were decreased on days 14 and 90 after treatment, as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Barthel Index. Subgroup analysis revealed that CEGI led to more significant improvements in moderate stroke patients. No drug-related adverse events occurred in the CEGI or placebo groups. In conclusion, CEGI may be a safe and effective treatment for acute cerebral infarction patients, especially for moderate stroke patients. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Peking University Third Hospital, China (approval No. 2013-068-2) on May 20, 2013, and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration No. ChiCTR1800017937).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurology, Huang Gang Central Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Su-Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Luoyang City, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiu-E Wei
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Xuzhou Mining Group, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Lei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Lin Leng
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Min Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhong-Rui Yan
- Department of Neurology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bao-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ren-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ting-Min Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Chun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the blood-to-retina verapamil transport at the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). METHODS EverFluor FL Verapamil (EFV) was adopted as the fluorescent probe of verapamil, and its transport across the BRB was investigated with common carotid artery infusion in rats. EFV transport at the inner and outer BRB was investigated with TR-iBRB2 cells and RPE-J cells, respectively. RESULTS The signal of EFV was detected in the retinal tissue during the weak signal of cell impermeable compound. In TR-iBRB2 cells, the localization of EFV differed from that of LysoTracker® Red, a lysosomotropic agent, and was not altered by acute treatment with NH4Cl. In RPE-J cells, the punctate distribution of EFV was partially observed, and this was reduced by acute treatment with NH4Cl. EFV uptake by TR-iBRB2 cells was temperature-dependent and membrane potential- and pH-independent, and was significantly reduced by NH4Cl treatment during no significant effect obtained by different extracellular pH and V-ATPase inhibitor. The EFV uptake by TR-iBRB2 cells was inhibited by cationic drugs, and inhibited by verapamil in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 98.0 μM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide visual evidence to support the significance of carrier-mediated transport in the blood-to-retina verapamil transport at the BRB.
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Smith HK, Omura S, Vital SA, Becker F, Senchenkova EY, Kaur G, Tsunoda I, Peirce SM, Gavins FNE. Metallothionein I as a direct link between therapeutic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and cerebral protection in stroke. FASEB J 2017; 32:2381-2394. [PMID: 29269399 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700746r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stroke continues to be a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, yet effective treatments are lacking. Previous studies have indicated that stem-cell transplantation could be an effective treatment. However, little is known about the direct impact of transplanted cells on injured brain tissue. We wanted to help fill this knowledge gap and investigated effects of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) on the cerebral microcirculation after ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI). Treatment of HSPCs in I/RI for up to 2 wk after cerebral I/RI led to decreased mortality rate, decreased infarct volume, improved functional outcome, reduced microglial activation, and reduced cerebral leukocyte adhesion. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses showed transplanted HSPCs emigrate preferentially into ischemic cortex brain parenchyma. We isolated migrated HSPCs from the brain; using RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptome, we found metallothionein (MT, particularly MT-I) transcripts were dramatically up-regulated. Finally, to confirm the significance of MT, we exogenously administered MT-I after cerebral I/RI and found that it produced neuroprotection in a manner similar to HSPC treatment. These findings provide novel evidence that the mechanism through which HSPCs promote repair after stroke maybe via direct action of HSPC-derived MT-I and could therefore be exploited as a useful therapeutic strategy for stroke.-Smith, H. K., Omura, S., Vital, S. A., Becker, F., Senchenkova, E. Y., Kaur, G., Tsunoda, I., Peirce, S. M., Gavins, F. N. E. Metallothionein I as a direct link between therapeutic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and cerebral protection in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Seiichi Omura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shantel A Vital
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Felix Becker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department for General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Elena Y Senchenkova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gaganpreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Felicity N E Gavins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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11
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Abstract
This Special Issue, entitled “Molecules against Alzheimer”, gathers a number of original articles, short communications, and review articles on recent research efforts toward the development of novel drug candidates, diagnostic agents and therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of death worldwide. This Special Issue contains many interesting examples describing the design, synthesis, and pharmacological profiling of novel compounds that hit one or several key biological targets, such as cholinesterases, β-amyloid formation or aggregation, monoamine oxidase B, oxidative stress, biometal dyshomeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, serotonin and/or melatonin systems, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, sigma receptors, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, or nuclear erythroid 2-related factor. The development of novel AD diagnostic agents based on tau protein imaging and the use of lithium or intranasal insulin for the prevention or the symptomatic treatment of AD is also covered in some articles of the Special Issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Gerenu G, Liu K, Chojnacki JE, Saathoff JM, Martínez-Martín P, Perry G, Zhu X, Lee HG, Zhang S. Curcumin/melatonin hybrid 5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-pentanoic acid [2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide ameliorates AD-like pathology in the APP/PS1 mouse model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1393-1399. [PMID: 25893520 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In our efforts to develop hybrid compounds of curcumin and melatonin as potential disease-modifying agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a potent lead hybrid compound, Z-CM-I-1, has been recently identified and biologically characterized in vitro. In this work, we report the in vivo effects of Z-CM-I-1 on AD pathologies in an APP/PS1 transgenic AD model. Our studies demonstrated that Z-CM-I-1 significantly decreased the accumulation of Aβ in the hippocampus and cortex regions of the brain and reduced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress after treatment for 12 weeks at 50 mg/kg per dose via oral administration. Furthermore, Z-CM-I-1 significantly improved synaptic dysfunction evidenced by the increased expression of synaptic marker proteins, PSD95 and synaptophysin, indicating its protective effects on synaptic degeneration. Lastly, we demonstrated that Z-CM-I-1 significantly increased the expression level of complexes I, II, and IV of the mitochondria electron transport chain in the brain tissue of APP/PS1 mice. Collectively, these results clearly suggest that Z-CM-I-1 is orally available and exhibits multifunctional properties in vivo on AD pathologies, thus strongly encouraging further development of this lead compound as a potential disease-modifying agent for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Jeremy E. Chojnacki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - John M. Saathoff
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Pablo Martínez-Martín
- Alzheimer Disease Research Unit, Alzheimer Center Reina Sofía Foundation, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28071 Madrid, Spain
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | | | | | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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Gueven N, Faldu D. Therapeutic strategies for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: A current update. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2013; 2:130-5. [PMID: 25343117 PMCID: PMC4204556 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2013.v2.4.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a rare mitochondrial retinopathy, caused by mutations in subunits of complex I of the respiratory chain, which leads to elevated levels of oxidative stress and an insufficient energy supply. This molecular pathology is thought to be responsible for the dysfunction and eventual apoptotic loss of retinal ganglion cells in the eye, which ultimately results in blindness. Many strategies, ranging from neuroprotectants, antioxidants, anti-apoptotic- and anti-inflammatory compounds have been tested with mixed results. Currently, the most promising compounds are short-chain quinones that have been shown to protect the vision of LHON patients during the early stages of the disease. This commentary gives a brief overview on the current status of tested therapeutics and also addresses future developments such as the use of gene therapy that hopefully will provide safe and efficient therapy options for all LHON patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Nuri Gueven, School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. E-mail:
| | - Dharmesh Faldu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tymianski
- From the Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Muzzi M, Felici R, Cavone L, Gerace E, Minassi A, Appendino G, Moroni F, Chiarugi A. Ischemic neuroprotection by TRPV1 receptor-induced hypothermia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:978-82. [PMID: 22434066 PMCID: PMC3367226 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although treatment of stroke patients with mild hypothermia is a promising therapeutic approach, chemicals inducing prompt and safe reduction of body temperature are an unmet need. We measured the effects of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) agonist rinvanil on thermoregulation and ischemic brain injury in mice. Intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection of rinvanil induces mild hypothermia that is prevented by the receptor antagonist capsazepine. Both intraischemic and postischemic treatments provide permanent neuroprotection in animals subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), an effect lost in mice artificially kept normothermic. Data indicate that TRPV1 receptor agonists are promising candidates for hypothermic treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Muzzi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy.
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Abstract
A facile six-step synthesis (15.2% yield) of ent-17beta-estradiol from readily accessible precursors is described. The preparation of analogues with 2-alkyl substituents, double bond unsaturation in the C-ring, a cis C,D-ring fusion and modified substituents at C(17) is also reported.
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