1
|
Sun Y, Tang Y, Chen Z, Ge M, Xiong W, Wen L. A Facile Determination of Herbicide Residues and Its Application in On-Site Analysis. Foods 2024; 13:1280. [PMID: 38672952 PMCID: PMC11049070 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Abuse of herbicides in food safety is a vital concern that has an influence on the sustainable development of the world. This work presents, a modified ionization method with separation of the sample and carrier gas inlets, which was utilized for efficient ionization and analyte transfer of herbicides in crops. The working parameters of voltage, injective distance, desorption temperature, and the carrier gas flow rate were optimized to achieve the high efficiency of the transfer and ionization of the analyte. When it was applied in the analysis of herbicides in laboratory, the method exhibited excellent performance in achieving the quantitative detection of herbicides in solutions and residues spiked in an actual matrix with a limit of quantification of 1-20 μg/kg and relative standard deviations of less than 15%. Although a simple QuEchERS process was used, the programmable heating platform ensured efficient gasification and transfer of the target analyte, with the advantages of high speed and selectivity, avoiding the noted matrix effect. The method exhibited a relatively acceptable performance by using air as the discharged gas (open air). It could be used to monitor herbicide residues in the growth stage via on-site non-destructive analysis, which obtained low LODs by dissociating the herbicides from the crops without any pretreatment. It showed great potential for the supervision of the food safety market by achieving non-destructive detection of crops anytime and anywhere. This finding may provide new insights into the determination of pesticide emergence and rice quality assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yan Tang
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Miaoxiu Ge
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Luhong Wen
- The Research Institute of Advanced Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (Z.C.); (M.G.); (L.W.)
- China Innovation Instrument Co., Ningbo 315100, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun Y, Xu H, Zhou D, Xia C, Liu W, Cui A, Wang Z, Zheng W, Shan G, Huang J, Wang X. A Portable Integrated Electrochemical Sensing System for On-Site Nitrite Detection in Food. Small 2023:e2309357. [PMID: 38102797 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring an appropriate nitrite level in food is essential to keep the body healthy. However, it still remains a huge challenge to offer a portable and low-cost on-site food nitrite analysis without any expensive equipment. Herein, a portable integrated electrochemical sensing system (IESS) is developed to achieve rapid on-site nitrite detection in food, which is composed of a low-cost disposable microfluidic electrochemical patch for few-shot nitrite detection, and a reusable smartphone-assisted electronic device based on self-designed circuit board for signal processing and wireless transmission. The electrochemical patch based on MXene-Ti3 C2 Tx /multiwalled carbon nanotubes-cyanocobalamin (MXene/MWCNTs-VB12 )-modified working electrode achieves high sensitivity of 10.533 µA mm-1 and low nitrite detection limit of 4.22 µm owing to strong electron transfer ability of hybrid MXene/MWCNTs conductive matrix and high nitrite selectivity of VB12 bionic enzyme-based ion-selective layer. Moreover, the portable IESS can rapidly collect pending testing samples through a microfluidic electrochemical patch within 1.0 s to conduct immediate nitrite analysis, and then wirelessly transmit data from a signal-processing electronic device to a smartphone via Bluetooth module. Consequently, this proposed portable IESS demonstrates rapid on-site nitrite analysis and wireless data transmission within one palm-sized electronic device, which would pave a new avenue in food safety and personal bespoke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hanwen Xu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Daqi Zhou
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chenyu Xia
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wenquan Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Anni Cui
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Guiye Shan
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jipeng Huang
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hemida M, Ghiasvand A, Macka M, Gupta V, Haddad PR, Paull B. Recent advances in miniaturization of portable liquid chromatography with emphasis on detection. J Sep Sci 2023:e2300283. [PMID: 37401843 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography is a prominent analytical technique in separation science and chemical analysis, applied across numerous fields of research and within industrial applications. Over the past few decades, there has been a growing interest in the miniaturization of this technique, which has been particularly enabled through new miniature and portable detection technologies for in-field, at-site, and point-of-need (collectively 'out-of-lab') analyses. Accordingly, significant advances have been made in recent years in the development of miniaturized liquid chromatography with photometric, electrochemical, and mass spectrometric detection, enabling the development of field-deployable and portable instruments for various applications. Herein, recent developments in the miniaturization of detection systems for inclusion within, and/or coupling with, portable liquid chromatographic systems, are reviewed in detail together with critical comments and expected future trends in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hemida
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Mirek Macka
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vipul Gupta
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Paul R Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ron I, Sharabi H, Zaltsman A, Leibman A, Hotoveli M, Pevzner A, Kendler S. Non-Contact, Continuous Sampling of Porous Surfaces for the Detection of Particulate and Adsorbed Organic Contaminations by Low-Temperature Plasma Coupled to Ion Mobility Spectrometer. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2253. [PMID: 36850851 PMCID: PMC9961393 DOI: 10.3390/s23042253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical analysis of hazardous surface contaminations, such as hazardous substances, explosives or illicit drugs, is an essential task in security, environmental and safety applications. This task is mostly based on the collection of particles with swabs, followed by thermal desorption into a vapor analyzer, usually a detector based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). While this methodology is well established for several civil applications, such as border control, it is still not efficient enough for various conditions, as in sampling rough and porous surfaces. Additionally, the process of thermal desorption is energetically inefficient, requires bulky hardware and introduces device contamination memory effects. Low-temperature plasma (LTP) has been demonstrated as an ionization and desorption source for sample preparation-free analysis, mostly at the inlet of a mass spectrometer analyzer, and in rare cases in conjunction with an ion mobility spectrometer. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, the operation of a simple, low cost, home-built LTP apparatus for desorbing non-volatile analytes from various porous surfaces into the inlet of a handheld IMS vapor analyzer. We show ion mobility spectra that originate from operating the LTP jet on porous surfaces such as asphalt and shoes, contaminated with model amine-containing organic compounds. The spectra are in good correlation with spectra measured for thermally desorbed species. We verify through LC-MS analysis of the collected vapors that the sampled species are not fragmented, and can thus be identified by commercial IMS detectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Ron
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Hagay Sharabi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Amalia Zaltsman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Amir Leibman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Mordi Hotoveli
- Department of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shai Kendler
- Department of Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Department of Environmental Physics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li P, Lin KD, Yuan DX. [Research Progress on the Determination of Sulfide in Natural Waters: From Laboratory Analysis to In-Situ Monitoring]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2022; 43:4835-4844. [PMID: 36437056 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202205327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide in natural waters is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. The occurrence of sulfide in natural waters is closely related to water quality and the biogeochemical processes of many other elements because of the labile chemical properties of sulfide. Therefore, it is very important to obtain real and timely concentrations of sulfide in natural waters. In fact, the determination of sulfide in natural waters has long been a hot issue in the field of environmental monitoring. Researchers have developed various analytical methods, mainly based on spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, electrochemistry, chromatography, and flow-based techniques. In addition, substantial progress has been made in the aspect of automation and intelligence. This review systematically summarized the state-of-the-art progress on the determination of sulfide in natural waters, including sample collection and pretreatment, laboratory analysis, on-site analysis, and in-situ monitoring. The advantages and disadvantages and application scope of each method were compared. The trend of future development was also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kun-de Lin
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dong-Xing Yuan
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Inaudi P, Mondino E, Abollino O, Malandrino M, Argenziano M, Favilli L, Boschini R, Giacomino A. On-Site Determination of Methylmercury by Coupling Solid-Phase Extraction and Voltammetry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103178. [PMID: 35630654 PMCID: PMC9147067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A measurement and speciation procedure for the determination of total mercury (HgTOT), inorganic mercury (HgIN), and methylmercury (CH3Hg) was developed and the applicability for on-site determination was demonstrated. A simple, portable sample pretreatment procedure was optimized to extract the analytes. Home-made columns, packed with a new sorbent material called CYXAD (CYPHOS 101 modified Amberlite XAD), were used to separate the two forms of the analyte. HgTOT and CH3Hg were determined by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), using a solid gold electrode (SGE). Two certified reference materials (BCR-463 Tuna Fish and Tuna Fish ERM-CE 464) and eight fresh fishes were analyzed. Then, the results that were obtained following the optimized portable procedure were compared with the concentrations obtained, using a direct mercury analyzer (DMA). This quantification, using the two techniques, demonstrated the good performance of the proposed method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Inaudi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (O.A.); (M.A.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (A.G.)
| | - Elio Mondino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Ornella Abollino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (O.A.); (M.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (O.A.); (M.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Laura Favilli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (O.A.); (M.A.); (L.F.)
| | | | - Agnese Giacomino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (O.A.); (M.A.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (A.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee YJ, Lee S, Kim DM. Translational Detection of Indole by Complementary Cell-free Protein Synthesis Assay. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:900162. [PMID: 35646868 PMCID: PMC9136167 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.900162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The information encoded in a single copy of DNA is processed into a plethora of protein molecules via the cascade of transcription and translation. Thus, the molecular process of gene expression can be considered an efficient biological amplifier from the viewpoint of synthetic biology. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) enables the implementation of this amplification module for in vitro analysis of important biomolecules and avoids many of the problems associated with whole cell-based approaches. Here, we developed a method to analyze indole by using a combination of enzymatic conversion of indole and amino acid-dependent CFPS. In this method, indole molecules in the assay sample are used to generate tryptophan, which is incorporated into signal-generating proteins in the subsequent cell-free synthesis reaction. The activity of cell-free synthesized proteins was successfully used to estimate the indole concentration in the assay sample. In principle, the developed method could be extended to analyses of other important bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Jin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Myung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Liu J, Wan Y, Wang J, Pi F. Routine analysis of pesticides in foodstuffs: Emerging ambient ionization mass spectrometry as an alternative strategy to be on your radar. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7341-7356. [PMID: 35229702 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2045561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides residues in foodstuffs are longstanding of great concern to consumers and governments, thus reliable evaluation techniques for these residues are necessary to ensure food safety. Emerging ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS), a transformative technology in the field of analytical chemistry, is becoming a promising and solid evaluation technology due to its advantages of direct, real-time and in-situ ionization on samples without complex pretreatments. To provide useful guidance on the evaluation techniques in the field of food safety, we offered a comprehensive review on the AIMS technology and introduced their novel applications for the analysis of residual pesticides in foodstuffs under different testing scenarios (i.e., quantitative, screening, imaging, high-throughput detection and rapid on-site analysis). Meanwhile, the creative combination of AIMS with high-resolution mass analyzer (e.g., orbitrap and time-of-flight) was fundamentally mentioned based on recent studies about the detection and evaluation of multi-residual pesticides between 2015 and 2021. Finally, the technical challenges and prospects associated with AIMS operation in food industry were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takeuchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
We report herein a Blu-ray disc technology enabled immunoassay (namely, assay-on-a-Blu-ray) protocol for the quantitation of food toxins. In particular, commercial Blu-ray discs (BDs) are activated as substrates to create indirect competitive immunoassays with the aid of microfluidic channel plates for the quantitation of aflatoxins; an unmodified Blu-ray drive is employed to read the digitized signal (error counts generated from gold/silver-particle-enhanced binding sites); and a free disc-quality control software is adapted to process the raw data. The performance of this BD-based digital detection platform has been tested for the quantitation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in spiked corn samples and validated with standard high-performance liquid chromatography measurements. The detection limit attained is as low as 0.27 ppb with a dynamic response range up to 200 ppb, which meets the standards established by government agencies worldwide for food products. We truly believe that the application potential of such a BD-technology-based, portable device for multiplex on-site quantitative analysis of food products as well as environmental and biomedical samples in real time is unlimited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hairong Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Yu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ruo Redda A, Abollino O, Malandrino M, Squadrone S, Abete MC, Berto S, Toniolo R, Durbiano F, Giacomino A. A Portable Setup for the Voltammetric Determination of Total Mercury in Fish with Solid and Nanostructured Gold Electrodes. Molecules 2019; 24:E1910. [PMID: 31109011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple procedure for field fish sample pretreatment was developed. This treatment in combination with square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW-ASV) with solid gold electrodes (SGE) and gold nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrodes (AuNPs-GCE) was applied for the determination of total mercury content. A certified reference material (CRM, Tuna Fish BCR 463), ten freeze-dried samples of canned tuna and two fresh fish samples were analysed both with a bench-top voltammetric analyser after microwave digestion and with a portable potentiostat after mild eating using a small commercial food warmer. The results obtained by the two SW-ASV approaches and by a Direct Mercury Analyser (DMA), the official method for mercury determination, were in very good agreement. In particular, (i) the results obtained with in field procedure are consistent with those obtained with the conventional microwave digestion; (ii) the presence of gold nanoparticles on the active electrode surface permits an improvement of the analytical performance in comparison to the SGE: the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) for mercury in fish-matrix was 0.1 μg L−1 (Hg cell concentration), corresponding to 0.06 mg kg−1 wet fish, which is a performance comparable to that of DMA. The pretreatment proposed in this study is very easy and applicable to fresh fish; in combination with a portable potentiostat, it proved to be an interesting procedure for on-site mercury determination.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Until very recently, handheld spectrometers were the domain of major analytical and security instrument companies, with turnkey analyzers using spectroscopic techniques from X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for elemental analysis (metals), to Raman, mid-infrared, and near-infrared (NIR) for molecular analysis (mostly organics). However, the past few years have seen rapid changes in this landscape with the introduction of handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), smartphone spectroscopy focusing on medical diagnostics for low-resource areas, commercial engines that a variety of companies can build up into products, hyphenated or dual technology instruments, low-cost visible-shortwave NIR instruments selling directly to the public, and, most recently, portable hyperspectral imaging instruments. Successful handheld instruments are designed to give answers to non-scientist operators; therefore, their developers have put extensive resources into reliable identification algorithms, spectroscopic libraries or databases, and qualitative and quantitative calibrations. As spectroscopic instruments become smaller and lower cost, "engines" have emerged, leading to the possibility of being incorporated in consumer devices and smart appliances, part of the Internet of Things (IOT). This review outlines the technologies used in portable spectroscopy, discusses their applications, both qualitative and quantitative, and how instrument developers and vendors have approached giving actionable answers to non-scientists. It outlines concerns on crowdsourced data, especially for heterogeneous samples, and finally looks towards the future in areas like IOT, emerging technologies for instruments, and portable hyphenated and hyperspectral instruments.
Collapse
|
13
|
Glorian H, Schmalz V, Lochyński P, Fremdling P, Börnick H, Worch E, Dittmar T. Portable Analyzer for On-Site Determination of Dissolved Organic Carbon-Development and Field Testing. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E2335. [PMID: 30360522 PMCID: PMC6266601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a sum parameter that is frequently used in water analytics. Highly resolved and accurate DOC data are necessary, for instance, for water quality monitoring and for the evaluation of the efficiency of treatment processes. The conventional DOC determination methods consist of on-site sampling and subsequent analysis in a stationary device in a laboratory. However, especially in regions where no or only poorly equipped laboratories are available, this method bears the risk of getting erroneous results. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to set up a reliable and portable DOC analyzer for on-site analysis. The presented DOC system is equipped with an electrolysis-based decomposition cell with boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDD) that oxidizes the organic compounds to carbon dioxide. Within this study, the influence of different electrode materials and the composition of the applied electrolytes on the DOC decomposition in an undivided electrolytic cell were systematically investigated. Furthermore, some technical aspects of the portable prototype are discussed. After a detailed validation, the prototype was used in an ongoing monitoring program in Northern India. The limit of detection is 0.1 mg L-1 C with a relative standard deviation of 2.3% in a linear range up to 1000 mg L C-1. The key features of the portable DOC analyzer are: No need for ultra-pure gases, catalysts or burning technology, an analyzing time per sample below 5 min, and a reliable on-site DOC determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Glorian
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Viktor Schmalz
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Paweł Lochyński
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paul Fremdling
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Hilmar Börnick
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Eckhard Worch
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Duncan KD, Letourneau DR, Vandergrift GW, Jobst K, Reiner E, Gill CG, Krogh ET. A semi-quantitative approach for the rapid screening and mass profiling of naphthenic acids directly in contaminated aqueous samples. J Mass Spectrom 2016; 51:44-52. [PMID: 26757071 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of a direct sampling, online analytical approach for the determination of acid extractable naphthenic acids in complex aqueous samples, known as condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry (CP-MIMS). The technique employs a capillary hollow fibre semi-permeable membrane probe configured for immersion into a pH adjusted sample. A continuously flowing methanol acceptor phase transfers naphthenic acids to an electrospray ionization source, operated in negative ion mode, whereupon they are analysed by mass spectrometry as [M-H](-) ions. High-resolution mass spectrometry is used to characterize the influence of sample pH on membrane transport of multiple components of complex naphthenic acid mixtures. We demonstrate the use of CP-MIMS for semi-quantitative analysis of real-world samples using selected ion monitoring and full scan mass spectra at unit mass resolution. The technique has also been employed to continuously monitor the temporal evolution in the mass profile and concentrations of individual naphthenic acid isomer classes in heterogeneous solutions during adsorption processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Duncan
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Dane R Letourneau
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Gregory W Vandergrift
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Karl Jobst
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Reiner
- Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris G Gill
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Erik T Krogh
- Applied Environmental Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|