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Wesemann U, Helms C, Polk S, Mahnke M, Bühler A, Muschner P, Willmund G. Mistrust Among Rescue Workers After the Terrorist Attack in Berlin in 2016 - Gender-Specific Health Inequality. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e394. [PMID: 37183713 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this single-case-by-group comparison, we examine whether previously found cisgender differences in paranoid ideation after a terror attack are also seen in a transgender male emergency worker. METHODS Sixty emergency personnel who were exposed to the 2016 terror attack in Berlin were evaluated 3 to 4 and 21-25 mo after the attack. RESULTS On paranoid ideation, the transgender male showed higher scores than cisgender males (+2 standard deviations [SD]) and the overall group (+1 SD). CONCLUSIONS This underpins the previously identified gender effects. It would be useful to consider specified pre- and postdeployment modules that take cis- and transgender differences into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Polk
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Mahnke
- Psychotrauma Center, Bundeswehr HospitalBerlin, Germany
- Fire and Rescue Station Wedding, Voluntary Fire Brigade, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Bühler
- Psychotrauma Center, Bundeswehr HospitalBerlin, Germany
| | | | - Gerd Willmund
- Psychotrauma Center, Bundeswehr HospitalBerlin, Germany
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2
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Ceyhun HA. Psychiatric symptoms, current use of tobacco, alcohol, illicit drug, and poly-substance among medical students in Eastern Turkey. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022; 21:1-28. [PMID: 36271892 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2135656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the prevalence and patterns of substance use among medical students and to examine associated psychiatric symptoms. It has been observed that depression and psychoticism scores have a significant effect on smoking, and interpersonal sensitivity-hostility-paranoid ideation scores have a significant effect on drinking. It has been shown that interpersonal sensitivity and depression scores are more predictive of mono-and poly-substance use. Revealing the relationship between tobacco, alcohol, poly-substance use, and psychiatric symptoms in the medical school sample shows the importance of practices aimed at increasing students' awareness of their psychiatric symptoms and providing access to psychiatric services.
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Tschoeke S, Flammer E, Bichescu-Burian D, Steinert T. The Association between Type of Dissociation and Psychotic Experiences in a Non-Psychotic Inpatient Sample. J Trauma Dissociation 2022; 23:504-520. [PMID: 35412451 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2022.2064576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Robust evidence exists for the link between dissociation and psychotic positive symptoms. The extent to which various dissociative phenomena may contribute to this relationship is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between different dissociative phenomena and psychotic experiences. For this purpose, we analyzed data from 118 consecutively admitted patients of an acute care unit for trauma-related disorders who completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the German version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Symptom Check-List-90-Revised. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that derealization/depersonalization in combination with amnesia accounted for 44.5% of the variance of the psychoticism subscale of the Symptom Check-List-90-Revised. Absorption in combination with emotional abuse accounted for 24.9% of the variance of the paranoid ideation subscale of the Symptom Check-List-90-Revised. The results reveal that pathological and non-pathological types of dissociation that alter the perception of reality or memory procession may contribute to the development of psychotic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tschoeke
- Centre for Psychiatry Südwürttemberg, Ulm University, Ravensburg-Weissenau, Germany
| | - Erich Flammer
- Centre for Psychiatry Südwürttemberg, Ulm University, Ravensburg-Weissenau, Germany
| | - Dana Bichescu-Burian
- Centre for Psychiatry Südwürttemberg, Ulm University, Ravensburg-Weissenau, Germany
| | - Tilman Steinert
- Centre for Psychiatry Südwürttemberg, Ulm University, Ravensburg-Weissenau, Germany
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Cheli S, Cavalletti V, Popolo R, Dimaggio G. A case study on a severe paranoid personality disorder client treated with metacognitive interpersonal therapy. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:1807-1820. [PMID: 34263957 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a severe condition, lacking specialized and empirically supported treatment. To provide the clinician with insights into how to treat this condition, we present a case study of a 61-year-old man with severe PPD who presented with ideas of persecution, emotionally charged hostility, and comorbid antisocial personality disorder. The client was treated with 6 months of Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy, which included: creating a shared formulation of his paranoid attitudes; trying to change his inner self-image of self-as-inadequate and his interpersonal schemas where he saw the others as threatening. Guided imagery and rescripting techniques, coupled with behavioral experiments, were used to promote a change. At the end of the therapy the client reported a reliable change in general symptomatology and, specifically, in interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and paranoid ideation; he could no longer be diagnosed as PPD and only some paranoid and antisocial characteristics remained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cheli
- Center for Psychology and Health, Tages Charity, Florence, Italy.,School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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5
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Torres-Marín J, Carretero-Dios H, Eid M. The Fear of Being Laughed at, Social Anxiety, and Paranoid Ideation: A Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Multitrait-Multimethod Data. Assessment 2021; 29:1285-1300. [PMID: 33928795 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211010961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The GELOPH-15 is a self-report measure that assesses individual differences in the fear of being laughed at (i.e., gelotophobia), a relatively understudied but important trait that is closely related to social anxiety. Using a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) approach, the convergent and discriminant validity of the GELOPH-15 scale was examined based on 217 self- and 651 peer ratings (of three close acquaintances per target) of the traits gelotophobia, social anxiety, and paranoid ideation. Participants completed the Spanish versions of the GELOPH-15, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and the Paranoia Scale. Applying MTMM models of multilevel confirmatory factor analyses (ML-CFA-MTMM) revealed relatively high associations between the self- and peer ratings, supporting the convergent validity of the GELOPH-15. Discriminant validity analyses confirmed the expected relationship patterns of gelotophobia with social anxiety and paranoid ideation (i.e., strong, but not perfect associations). The results showed that the ML-CFA-MTMM models might be a useful tool for analyzing the convergent and discriminant validity based on self- and peer ratings.
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Abstract
In a pilot study, female emergency personnel showed increased paranoid ideation following a terror attack. This newly designed confirmatory study aims to replicate these previously found gender-specific results and investigate the progression of effects after 2 years. Participants were exposed and unexposed emergency personnel (n = 120). Exposed female versus exposed male personnel showed higher paranoid ideation at both time points. There was a group × time interaction effect in paranoid ideation: paranoid ideation increased over time in the exposed versus the unexposed female group. The same effect was observed with exposed female emergency personnel showing a significant 2-year post-deployment increase compared with the total group including unexposed female as well as exposed and unexposed male emergency personnel. There is, as yet, no conclusive explanation for this difference. Sexual harassment in a male-dominated profession may be a vulnerability factor. Differentiated preparation and follow-up for emergency responders is recommended moving towards health-related equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wesemann
- Psychotrauma Center, German Armed Forces Hospital Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Mahnke
- Psychotrauma Center, German Armed Forces Hospital Berlin, Germany; and Fire and Rescue Station Wedding, Voluntary Fire Brigade, Germany
| | - Sarah Polk
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany
| | - Gerd Willmund
- Psychotrauma Center, German Armed Forces Hospital Berlin, Germany
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Masillo A, Valmaggia LR, Saba R, Brandizzi M, Lo Cascio N, Telesforo L, Venturini P, Izzo A, Mattioli MT, D'Alema M, Girardi P, Fiori Nastro P. Interpersonal sensitivity, bullying victimization and paranoid ideation among help-seeking adolescents and young adults. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:57-63. [PMID: 28560857 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The effects of a negative interpersonal experience, such as bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence, can be strong and long lasting. Bullying victimization is associated with paranoid ideation and suspiciousness. Few studies have focused on personality traits of victims of bullying. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a particular personality trait called interpersonal sensitivity may be related to suspiciousness in those who experienced bullying victimization. METHODS The study sample consisted of 147 help-seeking adolescents (mean age 17 years) selected after a screening phase (Prodromal Questionnaire) and evaluated with the Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS). All participants were specifically asked if they had experienced either psychological bullying or physical bullying, and they completed the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM). RESULTS Of the whole sample, 30 (20%) participants had experienced psychological bullying or physical bullying at least once in their life. Performing a multiple regression, bullying victimization was found to be an independent predictor of subtle paranoid ideation and suspiciousness. Interpersonal sensitivity was also found to be an independent predictor of subtle paranoid ideation; in particular, two IPSM subscales, fragile inner-self and separation anxiety, showed a significant correlation with subtle paranoid ideation. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that bullying victimization is a negative interpersonal experience associated with paranoid ideation and suspiciousness. However, being overly sensitive and having negative beliefs about the self as fragile and vulnerable to threat also lead to a tendency to attribute experiences as externally caused and, in turn, facilitate the formation and maintenance of paranoid ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Masillo
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia R Valmaggia
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Riccardo Saba
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Brandizzi
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nella Lo Cascio
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Telesforo
- Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions (NESMOS) Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Venturini
- Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions (NESMOS) Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Aniello Izzo
- Community Mental Health Service, ASL Rome H, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco D'Alema
- Community Mental Health Service, ASL Rome H, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions (NESMOS) Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Fiori Nastro
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Giusti L, Ussorio D, Salza A, Malavolta M, Aggio A, Bianchini V, Casacchia M, Roncone R. Preliminary study of effects on paranoia ideation and jumping to conclusions in the context of group treatment of anxiety disorders in young people. Early Interv Psychiatry 2018; 12:1072-1080. [PMID: 28124444 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with anxiety disorders tend to focus on unpleasant and threatening stimuli. Our aims were to evaluate: (1) the presence of paranoid ideation, and the jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias in young suffering from an anxiety disorder and (2) the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioural intervention (CBT) to manage anxiety combined with 2 modules to reduce the JTC bias. METHODS Psychopathology, social functioning, metacognition and the JTC bias were investigated in 60 subjects, randomly assigned to the experimental CBT group + treatment-as-usual (TAU) (n = 35) or to a wait-list group (n = 25) receiving only TAU. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups based on the score of the SCL-90 subscale paranoid ideation (high paranoid ideation, HP; low paranoid ideation, LP). The experimental group received a weekly session of a CBT for a 3-month period. RESULTS At baseline, 46.7% of our sample showed a HP and 38% showed a JTC biasAt the end of the intervention, greater effectiveness in improving anxious symptoms, paranoid ideation, interpersonal sensitivity and interpersonal relationship was reported in the experimental CBT + TAU group, with a statistically significant reduction of the JTC bias, displayed by 14.3% of the experimental group versus the 36% of the TAU group. In the same variables, greater benefits were reported for the HP experimental subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the gains to integrate an anxiety CBT with modules to reduce the JTC bias in subjects with paranoid ideation, which may negatively impact the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giusti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Early Interventions University Unit, Trattamenti Riabilitativi psicosociali, Interventi Precoci, TRIP, Psychosocial Rehabilitation Treatment, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Donatella Ussorio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Early Interventions University Unit, Trattamenti Riabilitativi psicosociali, Interventi Precoci, TRIP, Psychosocial Rehabilitation Treatment, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Salza
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Early Interventions University Unit, Trattamenti Riabilitativi psicosociali, Interventi Precoci, TRIP, Psychosocial Rehabilitation Treatment, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maurizio Malavolta
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Early Interventions University Unit, Trattamenti Riabilitativi psicosociali, Interventi Precoci, TRIP, Psychosocial Rehabilitation Treatment, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalisa Aggio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Early Interventions University Unit, Trattamenti Riabilitativi psicosociali, Interventi Precoci, TRIP, Psychosocial Rehabilitation Treatment, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valeria Bianchini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Early Interventions University Unit, Trattamenti Riabilitativi psicosociali, Interventi Precoci, TRIP, Psychosocial Rehabilitation Treatment, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Massimo Casacchia
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Early Interventions University Unit, Trattamenti Riabilitativi psicosociali, Interventi Precoci, TRIP, Psychosocial Rehabilitation Treatment, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Roncone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Early Interventions University Unit, Trattamenti Riabilitativi psicosociali, Interventi Precoci, TRIP, Psychosocial Rehabilitation Treatment, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Riess P, Sher L. First break psychosis in a young military veteran with cannabis use disorder: an educational case report. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2018; 32:ijamh-2017-0140. [PMID: 30118435 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Psychotropic management of a first psychotic break is challenging for many psychiatrists. The literature shows that the use of cannabis is widespread in psychotic individuals. The literature also points to young males being most at risk for substance abuse. Studies also show that obstructive sleep apnea and the stress of the military lifestyle contribute to the development of psychosis. Here, we present a case study of a young non-combat veteran with a medical history of obstructive sleep apnea who presented to the Emergency Department of a Veteran's Affairs hospital with symptoms consistent with a first psychotic break. On routine admission laboratory work, his urine toxicology screen was positive for cannabis. Given the widespread use of cannabis in individuals with psychosis, we suggest that it plays an important role in the regulation of psychosis and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Riess
- Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, 1276 Fulton Ave, Bronx, NY 10456, USA, Phone: +1-917-698-0653
| | - Leo Sher
- James J. Peters Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Matos M, Duarte J, Pinto-Gouveia J. The Origins of Fears of Compassion: Shame and Lack of Safeness Memories, Fears of Compassion and Psychopathology. J Psychol 2018; 151:804-819. [PMID: 29166226 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2017.1393380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical and clinical research suggests that some individuals find self-generating compassion and receiving compassion from others difficult and aversive. However, it is unclear how these fears of compassion are linked to early experiences and to psychopathological symptoms. This study explores the relationship between shame traumatic memories, centrality of shame memories, early memories of warmth and safeness, fears of compassion, and depression, anxiety and paranoid symptoms. Participants were 302 individuals from the general community population, who completed self-report measures of fears of compassion, shame memories, early affiliative memories, and psychopathology. Shame traumatic and central memories were positively associated with fears of compassion for self, for others and from others, whereas early memories of warmth and safeness were negatively related to such fears. Path analyses revealed that fears of compassion for self and of receiving compassion from others mediated the effects of shame traumatic memory, centrality of shame memory and early memories of warmth and safeness on depressive, anxious and paranoid symptoms. These findings have implications for therapeutic interventions as these fears, as well as the negative shame-based emotional memories fuelling them, may need to be addressed in therapy to assist patients in self-generating and receiving compassion.
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Holper LKB, Aleksandrowicz A, Müller M, Ajdacic-Gross V, Haker H, Fallgatter AJ, Hagenmuller F, Kawohl W, Rössler W. Distribution of Response Time, Cortical, and Cardiac Correlates during Emotional Interference in Persons with Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:172. [PMID: 27660608 PMCID: PMC5014856 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A psychosis phenotype can be observed below the threshold of clinical detection. The study aimed to investigate whether subclinical psychotic symptoms are associated with deficits in controlling emotional interference, and whether cortical brain and cardiac correlates of these deficits can be detected using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A data set derived from a community sample was obtained from the Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services. 174 subjects (mean age 29.67 ± 6.41, 91 females) were assigned to four groups ranging from low to high levels of subclinical psychotic symptoms (derived from the Symptom Checklist-90-R). Emotional interference was assessed using the emotional Stroop task comprising neutral, positive, and negative conditions. Statistical distributional methods based on delta plots [behavioral response time (RT) data] and quantile analysis (fNIRS data) were applied to evaluate the emotional interference effects. Results showed that both interference effects and disorder-specific (i.e., group-specific) effects could be detected, based on behavioral RTs, cortical hemodynamic signals (brain correlates), and heart rate variability (cardiac correlates). Subjects with high compared to low subclinical psychotic symptoms revealed significantly reduced amplitudes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (interference effect, p < 0.001) and middle temporal gyrus (disorder-specific group effect, p < 0.001), supported by behavioral and heart rate results. The present findings indicate that distributional analyses methods can support the detection of emotional interference effects in the emotional Stroop. The results suggested that subjects with high subclinical psychosis exhibit enhanced emotional interference effects. Based on these observations, subclinical psychosis may therefore prove to represent a valid extension of the clinical psychosis phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K B Holper
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alekandra Aleksandrowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry ZurichZurich, Switzerland; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University Hospital of Psychiatry ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry ZurichZurich, Switzerland; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University Hospital of Psychiatry ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helene Haker
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University Hospital of Psychiatry ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Florence Hagenmuller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry ZurichZurich, Switzerland; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University Hospital of Psychiatry ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Kawohl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry ZurichZurich, Switzerland; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University Hospital of Psychiatry ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry ZurichZurich, Switzerland; The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, University Hospital of Psychiatry ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University MedicineBerlin, Germany
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12
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Musetti A, Terrone G, Corsano P, Magnani B, Salvatore S. Exploring the Link among State of Mind Concerning Childhood Attachment, Attachment in Close Relationships, Parental Bonding, and Psychopathological Symptoms in Substance Users. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1193. [PMID: 27555832 PMCID: PMC4977822 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the present study, we have explored the link among styles of attachment and psychopathology in drug users. We know that insecure attachment predisposes the individuals the development of drug-addiction and psychopathological symptoms. However, we do not know which attachment is more frequent in drug users and which is related to particular psychopathological symptoms. The aim of the present work is to explore the relationship between childhood attachment state of mind, attachment in close relationships, parental bonding and psychopathology in sample of Italian substance users. Methods: We explored, in a sample of 70 drug users and drug-addicted patients, the childhood attachment state of mind measured by the Adult Attachment Interview, the attachment in close relationships by the Relationship Questionnaire and parental bonding measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument. The Symptom Check-List-90-R (SCL-90-R) measured psychopathological symptoms. Results: We found that parental bonding, rather than state of mind concerning childhood attachment or attachment in close relationships, is related to the psychopathological manifestation of anxiety, hostility, depression, and paranoid ideation in the sample. The latter occurs frequently in our sample, independent of state of mind concerning child attachment, attachment in close relationships, and parental bonding, suggesting its role either as a factor that favors a bad image of the participants’ own relationships or as a direct effect of consuming drugs. Conclusion: These results have clinical implications on suggesting ways of interventions that prevent drug-addiction, which should include the evaluation of attachment in the prodromic phases of substance use onset or rehabilitation programs to prevent and manage psychotic-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Literature, Arts, History and Society, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | - Grazia Terrone
- Department of Humanities, Literature, Cultural Heritage, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Corsano
- Department of Literature, Arts, History and Society, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Salvatore
- Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento Lecce, Italy
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