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Butts B, Huang H, Hu WT, Kehoe PG, Miners JS, Verble DD, Zetterberg H, Zhao L, Trotti LM, Benameur K, Scorr LM, Wharton W. sPDGFRβ and neuroinflammation are associated with AD biomarkers and differ by race: The ASCEND Study. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1175-1189. [PMID: 37933404 PMCID: PMC10916968 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There remains an urgent need to identify preclinical pathophysiological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development in high-risk, racially diverse populations. We explored the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of vascular injury and neuroinflammation with AD biomarkers in middle-aged Black/African American (B/AA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants. METHODS Adults (45-65 years) with a parental history of AD were enrolled (n = 82). CSF and blood biomarkers were collected at baseline and year 2. RESULTS CSF total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and amyloid beta (Aβ)40 were elevated at year 2 compared to baseline. CSF soluble platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (sPDGFRβ) levels, a marker of pericyte injury, correlated positively with t-tau, p-tau, Aβ40 markers of vascular injury, and cytokines at baseline and year 2. CSF sPDGFRβ and tau were significantly lower in B/AA than NHW. DISCUSSION Vascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation may precede cognitive decline and disease pathology in the very early preclinical stages of AD, and there are race-related differences in these relationships. HIGHLIGHTS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers changed over 2 years in high-risk middle-aged adults. Markers of vascular dysfunction were associated with the CSF biomarkers amyloid beta and tau. AD biomarkers were lower in Black compared to non-Hispanic White individuals. Markers of vascular dysfunction were lower among Black individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Butts
- Emory UniversityNell Hodgson Woodruff School of NursingAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Hanfeng Huang
- Georgetown University, School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - William T. Hu
- Rutgers UniversityInstitute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging ResearchNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | - Danielle D. Verble
- Emory UniversityNell Hodgson Woodruff School of NursingAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water BayHong KongChina
| | - Liping Zhao
- Emory UniversityRollins School of Public HealthAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Whitney Wharton
- Emory UniversityNell Hodgson Woodruff School of NursingAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Oh DJ, Bae JB, Lipnicki DM, Han JW, Sachdev PS, Kim TH, Kwak KP, Kim BJ, Kim SG, Kim JL, Moon SW, Park JH, Ryu SH, Youn JC, Lee DY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Lee JJ, Jhoo JH, Skoog I, Najar J, Sterner TR, Guaita A, Vaccaro R, Rolandi E, Scarmeas N, Yannakoulia M, Kosmidis MH, Riedel-Heller SG, Roehr S, Dominguez J, Guzman MFD, Fowler KC, Lobo A, Saz P, Lopez-Anton R, Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N, Mortby ME, Brodaty H, Trollor J, Kochan N, Kim KW. Parental history of dementia and the risk of dementia: A cross-sectional analysis of a global collaborative study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:449-456. [PMID: 37165609 PMCID: PMC10524874 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental history of dementia appears to increase the risk of dementia, but there have been inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate whether the association between parental history of dementia and the risk of dementia are different by dementia subtypes and sex of parent and offspring. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we harmonized and pooled data for 17,194 older adults from nine population-based cohorts of eight countries. These studies conducted face-to-face diagnostic interviews, physical and neurological examinations, and neuropsychological assessments to diagnose dementia. We investigated the associations of maternal and paternal history of dementia with the risk of dementia and its subtypes in offspring. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 72.8 ± 7.9 years and 59.2% were female. Parental history of dementia was associated with higher risk of dementia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-1.86) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.31-2.26), but not with the risk of non-AD. This was largely driven by maternal history of dementia, which was associated with the risk of dementia (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.15-1.97) and AD (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.33-2.43) whereas paternal history of dementia was not. These results remained significant when males and females were analyzed separately (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.28-3.55 in males; OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.16-2.44 for females). CONCLUSIONS Maternal history of dementia was associated with the risk of dementia and AD in both males and females. Maternal history of dementia may be a useful marker for identifying individuals at higher risk of AD and stratifying the risk for AD in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Jong Oh
- Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Bin Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Darren M Lipnicki
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tae Hui Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Phil Kwak
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Bong Jo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Shin Gyeom Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Lan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seok Woo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University and Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Joon Hyuk Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University and Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Chul Youn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyunggi Provincial Hospital for the Elderly, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Bum Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyeong Jhoo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP), at the University of Gothenburg,Mölndal, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenna Najar
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP), at the University of Gothenburg,Mölndal, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Therese R Sterner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP), at the University of Gothenburg,Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Antonio Guaita
- Golgi Cenci Foundation, c. San Martino 10, 20081 Abbiategrasso (MI), Italy
| | - Roberta Vaccaro
- Golgi Cenci Foundation, c. San Martino 10, 20081 Abbiategrasso (MI), Italy
| | - Elena Rolandi
- Golgi Cenci Foundation, c. San Martino 10, 20081 Abbiategrasso (MI), Italy
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary H Kosmidis
- Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Roehr
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacqueline Dominguez
- Institute for Neurosciences, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
- Institute for Dementia Care Asia, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Antonio Lobo
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry. Zaragoza University. Aragon, Spain
| | - Pedro Saz
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry. Zaragoza University. Aragon, Spain
| | - Raul Lopez-Anton
- Departamento de Psicología y Sociología. Universidad de Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Neuroscience Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Moyra E Mortby
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
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Pak VM, Paul S, Swieboda D, Balthazar MS, Wharton W. Sleep duration and biomarkers of inflammation in African American and white participants with a parental history of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2022; 8:e12332. [PMID: 36177446 PMCID: PMC9473642 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction African Americans (AA)s have worse inflammation, worse sleep, and a greater incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to whites; however, no studies have examined associations between biomarkers, sleep, and cognition, and differences by race. Methods Seventy-six cognitively normal, middle aged (45-65 years) adults with a parental history of AD were included in this study. Associations between biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-10 [IL-10], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1],, and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and self-reported sleep or cognition measures, were assessed. Results Average sleep duration was significantly lower for AA versus whites (average[SD]) in hours: 6.02(1.18) versus 7.23(0.91), P = .000004). We found a statistically significant association between plasma IL-10 and sleep duration (Spearman's ρ = 0.26, P = .04) and CSF ICAM-1 and sleep quality (Spearman's ρ = 0.30, P = .03). Discussion Longer sleep duration is positively associated with plasma IL-10 levels irrespective of race. Sleep quality was positively associated with CSF ICAM-1 only in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monique S. Balthazar
- School of NursingEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA,Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health ProfessionsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Whitney Wharton
- School of NursingEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA,Cognitive Neurology DepartmentEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Johnson CC, Havstad SL, Ownby DR, Joseph CLM, Sitarik AR, Biagini Myers J, Gebretsadik T, Hartert TV, Khurana Hershey GK, Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Martin LJ, Zoratti EM, Visness CM, Ryan PH, Gold DR, Martinez FD, Miller RL, Seroogy CM, Wright AL, Gern JE. Pediatric asthma incidence rates in the United States from 1980 to 2017. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1270-1280. [PMID: 33964299 PMCID: PMC8631308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined longitudinal asthma incidence rates (IRs) from a public health surveillance perspective. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to calculate descriptive asthma IRs in children over time with consideration for demographics and parental asthma history. METHODS Data from 9 US birth cohorts were pooled into 1 population covering the period from 1980 to 2017. The outcome was earliest parental report of a doctor diagnosis of asthma. IRs per 1,000 person-years were calculated. RESULTS The racial/ethnic backgrounds of the 6,283 children studied were as follows: 55% European American (EA), 25.5% African American (AA), 9.5% Mexican-Hispanic American (MA) and 8.5% Caribbean-Hispanic American (CA). The average follow-up was 10.4 years (SD = 8.5 years; median = 8.4 years), totaling 65,291 person-years, with 1789 asthma diagnoses yielding a crude IR of 27.5 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI = 26.3-28.8). Age-specific rates were highest among children aged 0 to 4 years, notably from 1995 to 1999, with a decline in EA and MA children in 2000 to 2004 followed by a decline in AA and CA children in 2010 to 2014. Parental asthma history was associated with statistically significantly increased rates. IRs were similar and higher in AA and CA children versus lower but similar in EA and MA children. The differential rates by sex from birth through adolescence principally resulted from a decline in rates among males but relatively stable rates among females. CONCLUSIONS US childhood asthma IRs varied dramatically by age, sex, parental asthma history, race/ethnicity, and calendar year. Higher rates in the 0- to 4-year-olds group, particularly among AA/CA males with a parental history of asthma, as well as changes in rates over time and by demographic factors, suggest that asthma is driven by complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and variation in time-dependent environmental and social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis R Ownby
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Augusta University, Augusta, Ga
| | | | | | | | | | - Tina V Hartert
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | | | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | - Patrick H Ryan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- Asthma and Airways Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | | | - Christine M Seroogy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Anne L Wright
- Asthma and Airways Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
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Kumar VV, Huang H, Zhao L, Verble DD, Nutaitis A, Tharwani SD, Brown AL, Zetterberg H, Hu W, Shin R, Kehoe PG, Quyyumi A, Nocera J, Kippels A, Wharton W. Baseline Results: The Association Between Cardiovascular Risk and Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Pathology (ASCEND) Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:109-117. [PMID: 32280088 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of AD for African Americans (AAs) is 64% higher than for non-Hispanic White Americans (Whites). It is hypothesized that poor peripheral vascular function, in combination with genetics, stress, and inflammation may directly contribute to the accumulation of AD pathologic biomarkers. These risk factors may disproportionately affect AAs. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine if in a healthy middle-aged cohort at risk for AD (1) AD biomarkers in CSF differ by race, (2) peripheral vascular dysfunction and cognition are related to a higher burden of CSF AD biomarkers, and (3) these relationships differ by race. METHODS We enrolled 82 cognitively normal, middle-aged (45 and older) adults including AAs and Whites at high risk for AD due to parental history. Study procedures included lumbar puncture, vascular ultrasound, and cognitive testing. RESULTS While participants were in overall good health, AAs exhibited poorer indices of preclinical vascular health, including higher central SBP, central MAP, and EndoPAT AI, a marker of arterial stiffness. AAs also had significantly less cerebrospinal fluid tau burden than Whites. After polynomial regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, education, and ApoE4 status, race significantly modified the relationship between total tau, phospho-tau, and Trails B, a marker of executive function. Small differences in tau correlated with poorer cognition in AAs. CONCLUSION In a healthy middle-aged cohort at risk for AD, AAs had worse peripheral vascular health and worse cognition than Whites. Despite lower tau burden overall, race modified the relationship between tau and cognition, such that small differences in tau between AAs was related to worse cognition when compared to Whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena V Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanfeng Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle D Verble
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandra Nutaitis
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sonum D Tharwani
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandra L Brown
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - William Hu
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan Shin
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Arshed Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joe Nocera
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrea Kippels
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Whitney Wharton
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Patel RA, Wharton W, Bay AA, Nid L, Barter JD, Hackney ME. Association between anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 and executive function in African American women at risk for Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2020; 42:647-659. [PMID: 32781877 PMCID: PMC9747330 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1798879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION African-Americans (AAs) are 64% more likely to be diagnosed with AD than non-Hispanic Whites. AAs with elevated AD biomarkers exhibit greater neurodegeneration in AD signature regions compared to non-Hispanic Whites with elevated AD biomarkers. This pilot trial examined whether normal or elevated plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-10 are associated with changes in executive function and short-term memory in AA women at risk for developing AD due to parental history. METHOD Observational study comparing groups with elevated and normal plasma IL-10 levels. Study included 31 AA women (age=58.9±8 years) with parental history of AD. Measures included inflammatory blood biomarkers, executive function and visuospatial short-term memory tests. Multivariate linear regression with adjustment for comorbidities, and Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons were used to compare groups. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were generated. Using endpoints with moderate-large effects between groups, Pearson correlations determined associations between biomarker levels and cognitive performance. RESULTS The elevated IL-10 group performed worse on the Trail-Making Test proportional score ((B-A)/A) (effect size (d =-0.87 (-1.6, -.1)). Moderate effects with large confident intervals were noted in inhibition, set-switching, and body position spatial memory. Significant differences between groups in levels of other inflammatory markers were noted, including IL-7 (p=0.002) and interferon γ (p=0.02). IL-7 remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Correlation matrices revealed moderate-large, significant correlations (yet with wide confidence intervals) between levels of IL-10 and IL-9 with BPST total correct trials, and between interferon γ and delayed recall. CONCLUSIONS Interleukins may incite inflammation, leading to impaired aspects of executive function and short-term memory in this sample of African American women at risk for developing AD. This research provides effect sizes that will be used to power future research that will further investigate the relationship between inflammation, AD biomarkers, and cognitive function in an understudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhee A. Patel
- Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, USA
| | - Whitney Wharton
- Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, USA,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Allison A. Bay
- Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Liang Nid
- Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA,Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jolie D. Barter
- Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - Madeleine E. Hackney
- Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, USA,Division of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA, USA,Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Clinical and Education Center, Atlanta, USA
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Ravn NH, Halling AS, Berkowitz AG, Rinnov MR, Silverberg JI, Egeberg A, Thyssen JP. How does parental history of atopic disease predict the risk of atopic dermatitis in a child? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:1182-1193. [PMID: 31887393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental history of atopic disease is a well-established risk factor for the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), but several aspects of this association remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the association of parental history of atopic disease with AD in offspring. METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE through June 2018 for relevant records and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 163 records covering 149 unique studies were included. Of these, 119 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Individuals with parental history of atopic disease had increased odds of AD (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.65-1.99). Parental asthma (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.18-2.05) and allergic rhinitis (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.34-2.11) had a smaller effect than AD (OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.46-4.42). The effect of maternal and paternal history was comparable for all atopic diseases. An increase in odds was observed when comparing the effect of having 1 (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.47) or 2 atopic parents (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.83-2.36), as well as having a parent with 1 (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.28-1.74) or more atopic diseases (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.92-2.81). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence-based risk estimates that may guide physicians who counsel parents with a history of atopic disease about their children's risk of AD. This information is of particular importance for future efforts toward establishing prophylactic interventions for AD on a general population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H Ravn
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sofie Halling
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Maria R Rinnov
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Departments of Dermatology, Preventive Medicine, and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Alexander Egeberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.
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Wharton W, Goldstein FC, Tansey MG, Brown AL, Tharwani SD, Verble DD, Cintron A, Kehoe PG. Rationale and Design of the Mechanistic Potential of Antihypertensives in Preclinical Alzheimer's (HEART) Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:815-824. [PMID: 29254080 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that certain antihypertensive medications alter Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in Caucasians. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) regulates blood pressure (BP) in the body and the brain and may directly influence AD biomarkers, including amyloid-β (Aβ) neuropathology, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and inflammatory markers. This hypothesis is supported by studies, including ours, showing that antihypertensives targeting the RAS reduce the risk and slow the progression of AD in Caucasians. While mounting evidence supports a protective role of RAS medications in Caucasians, this mechanism has not been explored in African Americans. To assess the mechanism by which RAS medications modify the brain RAS, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ, CBF, and inflammatory markers in African Americans, we are conducting an eight month, Phase Ib randomized, placebo controlled trial, enrolling 60 middle-aged (45-70 years), non-demented individuals, at risk for AD by virtue of a parental history. Participants include normotensive and treated hypertensives that have never been exposed to a RAS medication. Participants are randomized (1 : 1:1) by gender and BP medication use (yes/no) to one of three groups: placebo, or 20 mg, or 40 mg telmisartan (Micardis), to determine the dose required to penetrate the CNS. Our overarching hypothesis is that, compared to placebo, both doses of telmisartan will penetrate the CNS and produce salutary, dose dependent effects on the brain RAS as well as CSF Aβ, CBF, and CSF inflammatory markers in African Americans, over eight months. This manuscript describes the trial rationale and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Wharton
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Felicia C Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandra L Brown
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sonum D Tharwani
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle D Verble
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amarallys Cintron
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Kehoe PG, Blair PS, Howden B, Thomas DL, Malone IB, Horwood J, Clement C, Selman LE, Baber H, Lane A, Coulthard E, Passmore AP, Fox NC, Wilkinson IB, Ben-Shlomo Y. The Rationale and Design of the Reducing Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease through Angiotensin TaRgeting (RADAR) Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:803-814. [PMID: 29226862 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-hypertensives that modify the renin angiotensin system may reduce Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and reduce the rate of disease progression. OBJECTIVE To conduct a phase II, two arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of losartan to test the efficacy of Reducing pathology in Alzheimer's Disease through Angiotensin TaRgeting (RADAR). METHODS Men and women aged at least 55 years with mild-to-moderate AD will be randomly allocated 100 mg encapsulated generic losartan or placebo once daily for 12 months after successful completion of a 2-week open-label phase and 2-week placebo washout to establish drug tolerability. 228 participants will provide at least 182 subjects with final assessments to provide 84% power to detect a 25% difference in atrophy rate (therapeutic benefit) change over 12 months at an alpha level of 0.05. We will use intention-to-treat analysis, estimating between-group differences in outcomes derived from appropriate (linear or logistic) multivariable regression models adjusting for minimization variables. RESULTS The primary outcome will be rate of whole brain atrophy as a surrogate measure of disease progression. Secondary outcomes will include changes to 1) white matter hyperintensity volume and cerebral blood flow; 2) performance on a standard series of assessments of memory, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Major assessments (for all outcomes) and relevant safety monitoring of blood pressure and bloods will be at baseline and 12 months. Additional cognitive assessment will also be conducted at 6 months along with safety blood pressure and blood monitoring. Monitoring of blood pressure, bloods, and self-reported side effects will occur during the open-label phase and during the majority of the post-randomization dispensing visits. CONCLUSION This study will identify whether losartan is efficacious in the treatment of AD and whether definitive Phase III trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Faculty of Health Sciences, Level 1 Learning and Research>, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter S Blair
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration (BRTC), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Beth Howden
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration (BRTC), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David L Thomas
- Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre (DRC), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Ian B Malone
- Dementia Research Centre (DRC), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Horwood
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration (BRTC), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Clare Clement
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration (BRTC), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucy E Selman
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration (BRTC), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah Baber
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration (BRTC), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Athene Lane
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration (BRTC), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Coulthard
- ReMemBr Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brain Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Anthony Peter Passmore
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre (DRC), Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, and Clinical Trials Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Rom AL, Wu CS, Olsen J, Jawaheer D, Hetland ML, Mørch LS. Parental Rheumatoid Arthritis and Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:28-32.e1. [PMID: 29301665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the offspring. We assessed the potential influence of both maternal and paternal RA on the risk of ASD in offspring to disentangle the influence of genetic inheritance from other conditions potentially leading to fetal programming. METHOD The nationwide cohort study included all children born alive from 1977 to 2008 in Denmark (N = 1,917,723). Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard rate ratios (HR) of ASD in offspring exposed to maternal or paternal RA, compared to unexposed children. RESULTS Maternal RA was associated with an approximately 30% increased risk of ASD in the offspring (HR = 1.31 and 95% CI = 1.06-1.63). Also, paternal RA seemed to increase the risk of ASD by approximately 30% (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 0.97-1.82). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest maternal as well as paternal RA to be associated with an increased risk of ASD in the offspring, indicating that genetic factors associated with RA may also play a role in the etiology of ASD in children of parents with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Lilleøre Rom
- Research Unit Women's and Children's Health, The Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Chun Sen Wu
- Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, and Odense University Hospital
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Section for Epidemiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark, and Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Merete Lund Hetland
- Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lina Steinrud Mørch
- Gynaecological Clinic, The Juliane Marie Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, and Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Virus, Lifestyle and Genes Unit, Copenhagen
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Jin J, Narayanan A, Perlman G, Luking K, DeLorenzo C, Hajcak G, Klein DN, Kotov R, Mohanty A. Orbitofrontal cortex activity and connectivity predict future depression symptoms in adolescence. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2017; 2:610-618. [PMID: 29226267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide; however, little is known about pathological mechanisms involved in its development. Research in adolescent depression has focused on reward sensitivity and striatal mechanisms implementing it. The contribution of loss sensitivity to future depression, as well as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) mechanisms critical for processing losses and rewards, remain unexplored. Furthermore, it is unclear whether OFC functioning interacts with familial history in predicting future depression. Methods In this longitudinal study we recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data while 229 adolescent females with or without parental history of depression completed a monetary gambling task. We examined if OFC blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response and functional connectivity during loss and win feedback was associated with depression symptoms concurrently and prospectively (9 months later), and whether this relationship was moderated by parental history of depression. Results Reduced OFC response during loss was associated with higher depression symptoms concurrently and prospectively, even after controlling for concurrent depression, specifically in adolescents with parental history of depression. Similarly, increased OFC-posterior insula connectivity during loss was associated with future depression symptoms but this relationship was not moderated by parental history of depression. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence for loss-related alterations in OFC functioning and its interaction with familial history of depression as possible mechanisms in the development of depression. While the current fMRI literature has mainly focused on reward, the present findings underscore the need to include prefrontal loss processing in existing developmental models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jin
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Ananth Narayanan
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Greg Perlman
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Katherine Luking
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794.,Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Roman Kotov
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794.,Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Aprajita Mohanty
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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Abstract
Targeted screening of hypertension in childhood might be more efficient than universal screening. We estimated the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of combined parental history of hypertension and overweight/obesity for the diagnosis of hypertension in 5207 children aged 10-14 years. Children had hypertension if they had sustained elevated blood pressure over three separate visits. The prevalence of hypertension was 2.2%. 14% of children were overweight or obese, 20% had a positive history of hypertension in at least one parent and 30% had either or both conditions. Targeted screening of hypertension to children with either overweight/obesity or with hypertensive parents limits the proportion of children (30%) to screen and identifies up to 65% of all hypertensive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Bloetzer
- a Department of Pediatrics , Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Pascal Bovet
- b Institute of social and preventive medicine, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Fred Paccaud
- b Institute of social and preventive medicine, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Michel Burnier
- c Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Chiolero
- b Institute of social and preventive medicine, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne , Switzerland
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Svensson E, Berencsi K, Sander S, Mor A, Rungby J, Nielsen JS, Friborg S, Brandslund I, Christiansen JS, Vaag A, Beck-Nielsen H, Sørensen HT, Thomsen RW. Association of parental history of type 2 diabetes with age, lifestyle, anthropometric factors, and clinical severity at type 2 diabetes diagnosis: results from the DD2 study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:308-15. [PMID: 26408959 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether parental history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with age, lifestyle, anthropometric factors, and clinical severity at the time of T2D diagnosis. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort. We examined the prevalence ratios (PR) of demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and clinical factors according to parental history, using Poisson regression adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS Of 2825 T2D patients, 34% (n = 964) had a parental history of T2D. Parental history was associated with younger age at diagnosis [adjusted (a)PR 1.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 2.31) for age <40 years; aPR 1.36 (95% confidence interval: 1.24, 1.48) for ages 40-59 years] and with higher baseline fasting plasma glucose [≥7.5 mmol/L, aPR 1.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.20, 1.80)], and also tended to be associated with lower beta cell function. In contrast, patients both with and without a parental history had similar occurrence of central obesity [91% vs. 91%], weight gain ≥30 kg since age 20 [52% vs. 53%], and lack of regular physical activity [60% vs. 58%]. Presence of diabetes complications or comorbidities at T2D diagnosis was not associated with parental history. CONCLUSIONS The lack of an association between parental history and adverse lifestyle factors indicates that T2D patients do not inherit a particular propensity for overeating or inactivity, whereas patients with a parental history may have more severe pancreatic beta cell dysfunction at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Svensson
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klara Berencsi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simone Sander
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anil Mor
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Steen Nielsen
- Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Friborg
- Department of Endocrinology M, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet and Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Beck-Nielsen
- Diabetes Research Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Reimar Wernich Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Xu R, DeMauro SB, Feng R. The impact of parental history on children's risk of asthma: a study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III. J Asthma Allergy 2015; 8:51-61. [PMID: 26045673 PMCID: PMC4448922 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s80245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to examine the separate effects of maternal and paternal history on the onset of asthma in children and evaluate the relationship between age of asthma onset in parents and risk of asthma in their children. Methods We used data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We developed new continuous standardized scores for survey data to quantify parental history that incorporated both the occurrence of asthma and the age at onset, and associated these scores with asthma risk in the children. The association analysis was adjusted for sex and obesity status. Results Children with maternal history have elevated asthma risk (hazard ratio of 3.71, 95% CI: 1.19–11.60) than those without, and those whose mothers had earlier age of onset have increased risk of asthma compared to those whose mothers had later age of onset. On the contrary, paternal history had a relatively smaller effect that may be only detectable in larger samples (hazard ratio of 2.17, 95% CI: 0.69–6.79). Conclusion Maternal asthma history was strongly associated with the onset of asthma in the second generation, and children whose mother had an earlier age of onset had an increased risk of 3.71. For an approximately 10-year decrease in mother’s age at onset of asthma, the risk of asthma for the offspring increased by 1.37-fold. Using our new risk scores led to smaller standard errors and thus more precise estimates than using a binary indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengyi Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara B DeMauro
- Division of Neonatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Huang X, Sui X, Ruiz JR, Hirth V, Ortega FB, Blair SN, Carrero JJ. Parental history of premature cardiovascular disease, estimated GFR, and rate of estimated GFR decline: results from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 65:692-700. [PMID: 25600488 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease sharing similar causes and interplay, it is unknown if a broader relationship between these diseases exists across generations. We investigated the association between parental CVD history and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the community. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 13,241 community-based adults with serum creatinine measurement and follow-up visits (from 1-8 visits ~2 years apart) from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. PREDICTORS Premature parental CVD history (before age 50 years). OUTCOMES eGFR, decreased eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), and rate of eGFR decline. MEASUREMENTS Information for parental history was collected by protocol-standardized questionnaires. eGFR was assessed with serum creatinine. RESULTS 3,339 (25.2%) participants reported a history of parental CVD. Individuals with parental CVD had significantly lower eGFRs compared with those without parental CVD (69.4 ± 12.9 vs 74.8 ± 14.2 mL/min/1.73 m(2); P<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, parental CVD was associated independently with higher odds of having decreased eGFR (adjusted OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.52-1.86). Random-coefficient models showed that individuals with parental CVD had a faster decline in eGFR compared with those without parental CVD (sex- and ethnicity-adjusted annual change of -0.47 vs -0.41 mL/min/1.73 m(2); P=0.06). LIMITATIONS ~70% of participants did not attend a second examination. CONCLUSIONS Parental history of CVD was associated with lower baseline eGFR, higher odds of decreased eGFR, and a nominally faster rate of eGFR decline in the offspring. Such findings may imply previously unrecognized cross-generational links between both diseases and be of support in community screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China; Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- The PROFITH Research Group "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity," Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Hirth
- Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- The PROFITH Research Group "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity," Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Juan J Carrero
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lim LT, Gong Y, Ah-Kee EY, Xiao G, Zhang X, Yu S. Impact of parental history of myopia on the development of myopia in mainland china school-aged children. Ophthalmol Eye Dis 2014; 6:31-5. [PMID: 25002817 PMCID: PMC4076205 DOI: 10.4137/oed.s16031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is a very common condition and a significant public health problem in China. The objective of the study was to explore the genetic influence on myopia in Mainland China school-aged children in Beijing. METHODS In 2008, the data from 15,316 Chinese school students aged 6–18 years from 19 randomized schools in Beijing were analyzed to evaluate genetic influence on myopia in children. Heritability was calculated by mid-parent–offspring regression and parent–offspring regression. RESULTS The estimate of heritability was 0.30 (95% CI, 0.27–0.33) for refractive value (RV). The adjusted mean refractive error was −2.33D (95% CI, −2.45 to −2.21) in children with two myopic parents compared with −1.13D (95% CI, −1.78 to −1.08) in children with no parental myopia. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.83 (95% CI, 2.47–3.24) in children with two myopic parents compared with no parental myopia. CONCLUSION The study found a strong association between parental history of myopia and genesis of myopia in the offspring even after adjusting for environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik Thai Lim
- Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yanhong Gong
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Elliott Y Ah-Kee
- University of Glasgow School of Medicine, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gexin Xiao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Coenders A, Chapman C, Hannaford P, Jaaniste T, Qiu W, Anderson D, Glogauer M, Goodison-Farnsworth E, McCormick M, Champion D. In search of risk factors for chronic pain in adolescents: a case-control study of childhood and parental associations. J Pain Res 2014; 7:175-83. [PMID: 24707186 PMCID: PMC3971911 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s48154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was designed to investigate whether an individual and parental history of functional pain syndromes (FPS) is found more often in adolescents suffering from chronic pain than in their pain-free peers. Methods Our case–control study involved 101 adolescents aged 10–18 years. Cases were 45 patients of the Chronic Pain Clinic at Sydney Children’s Hospital with diverse chronic pain disorders. Controls consisted of 56 adolescent volunteers who did not have chronic pain. Adolescents and their parents filled out questionnaires assessing demographic data as well as known and potential risk factors for chronic pain. A history of FPS was assessed by questionnaire, including restless legs syndrome (RLS). Chi-squared tests and t-tests were used to investigate univariate associations between chronic pain in adolescents and lifetime prevalence of FPS. Logistic regression was used to test multivariate associations, while controlling for possible confounders. Results Migraine, non-migraine headaches, recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), and RLS were reported significantly more frequently in cases than controls (P-values of 0.01, <0.001, 0.01, and 0.03, respectively). Parental migraine, RAP, and RLS were also significantly associated with adolescent chronic pain in the multivariate analyses. Individual history of migraine, non-migraine headaches, and RAP, along with parental history of RAP and depression significantly accounted for 36%–49% of variance in chronic pain. Other associations with chronic pain were generally in accordance with previous reports. Discussion It may be helpful when assessing a child who has chronic pain or is at risk of chronic pain, to enquire about these associations. Based on the current findings, an individual history of migraine, non-migraine headaches, and RAP, as well as parental migraine, RAP, and RLS are symptoms that are of particular relevance to assess.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Chapman
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Tiina Jaaniste
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia ; University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - David Anderson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Maline Glogauer
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Marianne McCormick
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - David Champion
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia ; University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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Tyrrell JS, Yaghootkar H, Freathy RM, Hattersley AT, Frayling TM. Parental diabetes and birthweight in 236 030 individuals in the UK biobank study. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42:1714-23. [PMID: 24336895 PMCID: PMC3887570 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The UK Biobank study provides a unique opportunity to study the causes and consequences of disease. We aimed to use the UK Biobank data to study the well-established, but poorly understood, association between low birthweight and type 2 diabetes. Methods We used logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio for participants’ risk of type 2 diabetes given a one standard deviation increase in birthweight. To test for an association between parental diabetes and birthweight, we performed linear regression of self-reported parental diabetes status against birthweight. We performed path and mediation analyses to test the hypothesis that birthweight partly mediates the association between parental diabetes and participant type 2 diabetes status. Results Of the UK Biobank participants, 277 261 reported their birthweight. Of 257 715 individuals of White ethnicity and singleton pregnancies, 6576 had type 2 diabetes, 19 478 reported maternal diabetes (but not paternal), 20 057 reported paternal diabetes (but not maternal) and 2754 participants reported both parents as having diabetes. Lower birthweight was associated with type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank participants. A one kilogram increase in birthweight was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.76; P = 2 × 10−57). Paternal diabetes was associated with lower birthweight (45 g lower; 95% CI: 36, 54; P = 2 × 10−23) relative to individuals with no parental diabetes. Maternal diabetes was associated with higher birthweight (59 g increase; 95% CI: 50, 68; P = 3 × 10−37). Participants’ lower birthweight was a mediator of the association between reported paternal diabetes and participants’ type 2 diabetes status, explaining 1.1% of the association, and participants’ higher birthweight was a mediator of the association between reported maternal diabetes and participants’ type 2 diabetes status, explaining 1.2% of the association. Conclusions Data from the UK Biobank provides the strongest evidence by far that paternal diabetes is associated with lower birthweight, whereas maternal diabetes is associated with increased birthweight. Our findings with paternal diabetes are consistent with a role for the same genetic factors influencing foetal growth and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Tyrrell
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK and Molecular Genetics, Wonford Building, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Low NCP, Dugas E, Constantin E, Karp I, Rodriguez D, O’Loughlin J. The association between parental history of diagnosed mood/anxiety disorders and psychiatric symptoms and disorders in young adult offspring. BMC Psychiatry 2012; 12:188. [PMID: 23126640 PMCID: PMC3534519 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-12-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental history of mood or anxiety disorders is one of the strongest and most consistent risk factors for the development of these disorders in offspring. Gaps remain however in our knowledge of whether maternal or paternal disorders are more strongly associated with offspring disorders, and whether the association exists in non-clinical samples. This study uses a large population-based sample to test if maternal or paternal history of mood and/or anxiety disorders increases the risk of mood and/or anxiety disorders, or symptoms of specific anxiety disorders, in offspring. METHODS Data were drawn from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study, a prospective cohort investigation of 1293 grade 7 students. Data on mental health outcomes were collected in mailed self-report questionnaires when participants were aged 20.4 (0.7) years on average. Parental data were collected in mailed self-report questionnaires. This current analysis pertains to 564 participants with maternal and/or paternal data. The association between maternal and paternal history and each of diagnosed anxiety disorder, diagnosed mood disorder, and symptoms of specific anxiety disorders in offspring was studied in multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS A higher proportion of mothers than fathers had a diagnosed mood/anxiety disorder (23% versus 12%). Similarly, 14% of female offspring had a diagnosed mood/anxiety disorder, compared to 6% of male offspring. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for maternal history was 2.2 (1.1, 4.5) for diagnosed mood disorders, 4.0 (2.1, 7.8) for diagnosed anxiety disorders, and 2.2 (1.2, 4.0) for social phobia symptoms. Paternal history was not associated with any of the mental health outcomes in offspring. CONCLUSION Maternal, but not paternal mood/anxiety disorders were associated with diagnosed psychiatric disorders, as well as symptoms of specific anxiety disorders, in offspring. Efforts to detect mood and anxiety disorders in offspring with a maternal history should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy CP Low
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Erika Dugas
- Centre de Recherche de Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 3875 Saint Urbain, Montréal, QC, H2W 1V1, Canada
| | - Evelyn Constantin
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal Children’s Hospital, 2300 Tupper Street, Room C-538E, Montréal, QC, H3H 1P3, Canada
| | - Igor Karp
- Centre de Recherche de Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 3875 Saint Urbain, Montréal, QC, H2W 1V1, Canada,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, 7171 Parc Avenue, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Jennifer O’Loughlin
- Centre de Recherche de Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 3875 Saint Urbain, Montréal, QC, H2W 1V1, Canada,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, 7171 Parc Avenue, Montréal, QC, Canada,Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 190 Crémazie Blvd. East, Montréal, QC, H2P 1E2, Canada
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van Dis I, Geleijnse JM, Kromhout D, Boer JMA, Boshuizen H, Verschuren WMM. Do obesity and parental history of myocardial infarction improve cardiovascular risk prediction? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 20:793-9. [PMID: 22456690 DOI: 10.1177/2047487312444233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical practice, individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are identified on the basis of age, sex, smoking, blood pressure, and serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We examined whether CVD risk prediction improved when obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)) and premature (<70 years) parental myocardial infarction (MI) were added to the classical risk factor model. METHODS Risk factors were measured in 1993-97 in 12,818 participants (53% female) aged 35-65 in the Dutch MORGEN project. Cases of fatal and nonfatal CVD during 10 years of follow up were identified through record linkage. Classical risk factor equations, obtained by Cox proportional hazard analysis, were extended with obesity, paternal MI, and maternal MI. We calculated the net reclassification index (NRI), a measure for correct reclassification of subjects, to check improvement in risk prediction using 5 and 10% increments in absolute CVD risk. RESULTS A CVD event occurred in 280 men and 140 women. Obesity and maternal MI were positively and significantly related to total CVD after adjustment for classical risk factors (both hazard ratios ∼1.5). Adding obesity and parental MI to CVD risk prediction yielded a significant NRI of 4.5% in men and a non-significant NRI of 2.6% in women when 5% risk categories were used. For 10% categories, the NRIs were slightly larger (5.5% and 3.3%, respectively). The improvements in risk prediction were mainly due to obesity. CONCLUSION Modest improvements in CVD risk prediction can be obtained when obesity and, to a lesser extent, parental MI are added to the risk function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke van Dis
- Netherlands Heart Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Bond V, Millis RM, Adams RG, Williams D, Obisesan TO, Oke LM, Blakely R, Vaccaro P, Franks BD, Neita M, Davis GC, Lewis-Jack O, Dotson CO. Normal exercise blood pressure response in African-American women with parental history of hypertension. Am J Med Sci 2004; 328:78-83. [PMID: 15311165 PMCID: PMC3166527 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-200408000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and environmental hypotheses may explain why normotensive persons at high risk of developing hypertension often exhibit greater cardiovascular reactivity to stressors than those at low risk. METHODS Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate reproducibility and independent t test to compare the cardiovascular responses to 30 W of exercise of normotensive young adult African-American women with positive and negative parental histories (PH) of hypertension (PH, n = 23; PH, n = 20). RESULTS Correlations were significant for duplicate measurements. The effects of PH on blood pressure measured at rest and during exercise were not statistically significant (P > 0.1). A nearly significant trend for greater resting (.-)VO(2) (P = 0.08) was detected in the PH than in the PH group (3.67 +/- 0.18 versus 3.26 +/- 0.14 mL/kg/min). CONCLUSION A hyper-reactive blood pressure response to exercise, characteristic of the evolution of hypertension, may not be present among the normotensive female offspring of hypertensive African Americans. The significance of an 11% intergroup difference in the mean resting (.-)VO(2) observed in this study is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Bond
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Leisure Studies, College of Medicine Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether intergenerational transmission of coronary heart disease (CHD) to offspring is greater from the mother than from the father, the association between parental history of CHD and coronary mortality in male offspring was examined. DESIGN Prospective cohort study with 43 years of follow up. SETTING University of Glasgow. PARTICIPANTS Male students (n = 8402) aged 16-30 years when examined in 1948 to 1968. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Fatal CHD. MAIN RESULTS Of the 8402 men studied, 615 (7.3%) reported a history of CHD in at least one of the parents: 479 (5.8%) for fathers only, 124 (1.6%) for mothers only, and a further 12 (0.2%) for both their parents. During follow up, 373 (4.4%) men died of CHD. Parental history of disease was associated with fatal CHD and controlling for personal risk factors such as cigarette smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and father's social class did not attenuate this relation. The fully adjusted hazard ratios were 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 to 2.18), 1.19 (95% CI 0.61 to 2.32), and 8.65 (95% CI 2.65 to 28.31) for father only, mother only, and both parents with CHD, respectively, compared with men whose parents did not have CHD. There was some evidence for interaction between parental histories (p = 0.049), with particularly high risk if both parents reported a history of CHD. CONCLUSIONS This study found no differential transmission of CHD. Paternal history of CHD was at least as important as maternal history. Data from other comparable cohorts provide no consistent evidence of differential transmission. Intergenerational transmission of CHD does not appear to have differential effects between mothers and fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kinra
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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