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Hiyoshi T, Haga M, Sato N. Preferential phosphatidylglycerol synthesis via phosphorus supply through rRNA degradation in the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, under phosphate-starved conditions. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1335085. [PMID: 38348270 PMCID: PMC10859501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1335085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms often encounter phosphorus (P) limitation in natural habitats. When faced with P limitation, seed plants degrade nucleic acids and extra-plastid phospholipids to remobilize P, thereby enhancing their internal-P utilization efficiency. Although prokaryotic and eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms decrease the content of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) under P-limited conditions, it remains unclear whether PG is degraded for P remobilization. Moreover, information is limited on internal-P remobilization in photosynthetic microbes. This study investigates internal-P remobilization under P-starvation (-P) conditions in a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, focusing on PG and nucleic acids. Our results reveal that the PG content increases by more than double in the -P culture, indicating preferential PG synthesis among cellular P compounds. Simultaneously, the faster increases of glycolipids counteract this PG increase, which decreases the PG proportion in total lipids. Two genes, glpD and plsX, contribute to the synthesis of diacylglycerol moieties in glycerolipids, with glpD also responsible for the polar head group synthesis in PG. The mRNA levels of both glpD and plsX are upregulated during -P, which would cause the preferential metabolic flow of their P-containing substrates toward glycerolipid synthesis, particularly PG synthesis. Meanwhile, we find that RNA accounts for 62% of cellular P, and that rRNA species, which makes up the majority of RNA, are degraded under -P conditions to less than 30% of their initial levels. These findings emphasize the importance of PG in -P-acclimating cell growth and the role of rRNA as a significant internal-P source for P remobilization, including preferential PG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Norihiro Sato
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
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Ngo AH, Angkawijaya AE, Lin YC, Liu YC, Nakamura Y. The phospho-base N-methyltransferases PMT1 and PMT2 produce phosphocholine for leaf growth in phosphorus-starved Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:2985-2994. [PMID: 35560207 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plants. Membrane lipid remodeling is an adaptive mechanism for P-starved plants that replaces membrane phospholipids with non-P galactolipids, presumably to retrieve scarce P sources and maintain membrane integrity. Whereas metabolic pathways to convert phospholipids to galactolipids are well-established, the mechanism by which phospholipid biosynthesis is involved in this process remains elusive. Here, we report that phospho-base N-methyltransferases 1 and 2 (PMT1 and PMT2), which convert phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine (PCho), are transcriptionally induced by P starvation. Shoots of seedlings of pmt1 pmt2 double mutant showed defective growth upon P starvation; however, membrane lipid profiles were unaffected. We found that P-starved pmt1 pmt2 with defective leaf growth had reduced PCho content, and the growth defect was rescued by exogenous supplementation of PCho. We propose that PMT1 and PMT2 are induced by P starvation to produce PCho mainly for leaf growth maintenance, rather than for phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, in membrane lipid remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh H Ngo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ying-Chen Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, Japan
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3
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Ngo AH, Nakamura Y. Phosphate starvation-inducible GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE6 is involved in Arabidopsis root growth. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:2995-3003. [PMID: 35560191 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants that are starved of phosphate trigger membrane lipid remodeling, which hydrolyses phospholipids and presumably allows their phosphate to be utilized, whilst replacing them with galactolipids to maintain the integrity of the membrane system. In addition to the two concurrent pathways of phospholipid hydrolysis by phospholipases C and D that have already been established, an emerging third pathway has been proposed that includes a reaction step catalysed by glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs). However, its functional involvement in phosphate-starved plants remains elusive. Here, we show that Arabidopsis GDPD6 is a functional isoform responsible for glycerophosphocholine hydrolysis in vivo. Overexpression of GDPD6 promoted root growth whilst gdpd6 mutants showed impaired root growth under phosphate starvation, and this defect was rescued by supplementing with the reaction product glycerol 3-phosphate but not with choline. Since GDPD6 is induced by phosphate starvation, we suggest that GDPD6 might be involved in root growth via the production of glycerol 3-phosphate in phosphate-starved plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh H Ngo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Lavrinovičs A, Murby F, Zīverte E, Mežule L, Juhna T. Increasing Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency by Phosphorus-Starved Microalgae for Municipal Wastewater Post-Treatment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1598. [PMID: 34442678 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Four microalgal species, Chlorella vulgaris, Botryococcus braunii, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, and Tetradesmus obliquus were studied for enhanced phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater after their exposure to phosphorus starvation. Microalgae were exposed to phosphorus starvation conditions for three and five days and then used in a batch experiment to purify an effluent from a small WWTP. After 3-day P-starvation, C. vulgaris biomass growth rate increased by 50% and its PO4 removal rate reached > 99% within 7 days. B. braunii maintained good biomass growth rate and nutrient removal regardless of the P-starvation. All species showed 2–5 times higher alkaline phosphatase activity increase for P-starved biomass than at the reference conditions, responding to the decline of PO4 concentration in wastewater and biomass poly-P content. The overall efficiency of biomass P-starvation on enhanced phosphorus uptake was found to be dependent on the species, N/P molar ratio in the wastewater, as well as the biomass P content.
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Yoshihara A, Nagata N, Wada H, Kobayashi K. Plastid Anionic Lipids Are Essential for the Development of Both Photosynthetic and Non-Photosynthetic Organs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4860. [PMID: 34064353 PMCID: PMC8124801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid bilayer matrix of the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of plants and algae is mainly composed of uncharged galactolipids, but also contains anionic lipids sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as major constituents. The necessity of PG for photosynthesis is evident in all photosynthetic organisms examined to date, whereas the requirement of SQDG varies with species. In plants, although PG and SQDG are also found in non-photosynthetic plastids, their importance for the growth and functions of non-photosynthetic organs remains unclear. In addition, plants synthesize another anionic lipid glucuronosyldiacylglycerol (GlcADG) during phosphorus starvation, but its role in plant cells is not elucidated yet. To understand the functional relationships among PG, SQDG, and GlcADG, we characterized several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in biosynthesis of these lipids. The mutants completely lacking both PG and SQDG biosynthesis in plastids showed developmental defects of roots, hypocotyls, and embryos in addition to leaves, which suggests that these lipids are pleiotropically required for the development of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that SQDG, but not GlcADG, is essential for complementing the role of PG, particularly in photosynthesis under PG-deficient conditions such as phosphorus starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yoshihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan;
| | - Noriko Nagata
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan;
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan;
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan;
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Solovchenko A, Gorelova O, Karpova O, Selyakh I, Semenova L, Chivkunova O, Baulina O, Vinogradova E, Pugacheva T, Scherbakov P, Vasilieva S, Lukyanov A, Lobakova E. Phosphorus Feast and Famine in Cyanobacteria: Is Luxury Uptake of the Nutrient Just a Consequence of Acclimation to Its Shortage? Cells 2020; 9:E1933. [PMID: 32825634 PMCID: PMC7564538 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To cope with fluctuating phosphorus (P) availability, cyanobacteria developed diverse acclimations, including luxury P uptake (LPU)-taking up P in excess of the current metabolic demand. LPU is underexplored, despite its importance for nutrient-driven rearrangements in aquatic ecosystems. We studied the LPU after the refeeding of P-deprived cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7118 with inorganic phosphate (Pi), including the kinetics of Pi uptake, turnover of polyphosphate, cell ultrastructure, and gene expression. The P-deprived cells deployed acclimations to P shortage (reduction of photosynthetic apparatus and mobilization of cell P reserves). The P-starved cells capable of LPU exhibited a biphasic kinetic of the Pi uptake and polyphosphate formation. The first (fast) phase (1-2 h after Pi refeeding) occurred independently of light and temperature. It was accompanied by a transient accumulation of polyphosphate, still upregulated genes encoding high-affinity Pi transporters, and an ATP-dependent polyphosphate kinase. During the second (slow) phase, recovery from P starvation was accompanied by the downregulation of these genes. Our study revealed no specific acclimation to ample P conditions in Nostoc sp. PCC 7118. We conclude that the observed LPU phenomenon does not likely result from the activation of a mechanism specific for ample P conditions. On the contrary, it stems from slow disengagement of the low-P responses after the abrupt transition from low-P to ample P conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
- Ecology Research Laboratory, Pskov State University, 180000 Pskov, Russia
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000 Tambov, Russia
| | - Olga Gorelova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Olga Karpova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Irina Selyakh
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Larisa Semenova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Olga Chivkunova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Olga Baulina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Elizaveta Vinogradova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Tatiana Pugacheva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Pavel Scherbakov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Svetlana Vasilieva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Alexandr Lukyanov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Elena Lobakova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (O.G.); (O.K.); (I.S.); (L.S.); (O.C.); (O.B.); (E.V.); (T.P.); (P.S.); (S.V.); (A.L.)
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Cai S, Liu F, Zhou B. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of the PHT1 Gene Family in Gossypium hirsutum and Its Two Close Relatives of Subgenome Donor Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4905. [PMID: 32664546 PMCID: PMC7404403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate transporter (PHT) is responsible for plant phosphorus (P) absorption and transport. PHT1 is a component of the high-affinity phosphate transporter system and plays pivotal roles in P absorption under P starvation conditions. However, in cotton, the number and identity of PHT1 genes that are crucial for P absorption from soil remain unclear. Here, genome-wide identification detected twelve PHT1 genes in Gossypium hirsutum and seven and eight PHT1 genes in two close relatives of the G. hirsutum genome-G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively. In addition, under low-phosphate treatment, the expressions of GaPHT1;3, GaPHT1;4, and GaPHT1;5 in roots were upregulated after 3 h of induction, and GhPHT1;3-At, GhPHT1;4-At, GhPHT1;5-At, GhPHT1;3-Dt, GhPHT1;4-Dt, and GhPHT1;5-Dt in the roots began to respond after 1 h of induction. Homologous pairs-GaPHT1;4 and GhPHT1;4-At; GaPHT1;5 and GhPHT1;5-At; GrPHT1;4 and GhPHT1;4-Dt, with GhPHT1;5-Dt and GhPHT1;5-At being syntenic-were all highly expressed in the roots under normal conditions. Among the genes highly expressed in the roots, GhPHT1;4-At, GhPHT1;5-At, GhPHT1;4-Dt and GhPHT1;5-Dt were continuously upregulated by P starvation. Therefore, it is concluded that these four genes might be key genes for P uptake in cotton roots. The results of this study provide insights into the mechanisms of P absorption and transport in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baoliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.C.); (F.L.)
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Hidayati NA, Yamada‐Oshima Y, Iwai M, Yamano T, Kajikawa M, Sakurai N, Suda K, Sesoko K, Hori K, Obayashi T, Shimojima M, Fukuzawa H, Ohta H. Lipid remodeling regulator 1 (LRL1) is differently involved in the phosphorus-depletion response from PSR1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant J 2019; 100:610-626. [PMID: 31350858 PMCID: PMC6899820 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of lipid metabolism in microalgae has attracted broad interest, as their storage lipid, triacylglycerol (TAG), can be readily converted into biofuel via transesterification. TAG accumulates in the form of oil droplets, especially when cells undergo nutrient deprivation, such as for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), or sulfur (S). TAG biosynthesis under N-deprivation has been comprehensively studied in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, during which TAG accumulates dramatically. However, the resulting rapid breakdown of chlorophyll restricts overall oil yield productivity and causes cessation of cell growth. In contrast, P-deprivation results in oil accumulation without disrupting chloroplast integrity. We used a reverse genetics approach based on co-expression analysis to identify a transcription factor (TF) that is upregulated under P-depleted conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the mutants showed repression of genes typically associated with lipid remodeling under P-depleted conditions, such as sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol 2 (SQD2), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGTT1), and major lipid droplet protein (MLDP). As accumulation of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and TAG were suppressed in P-depleted mutants, we designated the protein as lipid remodeling regulator 1 (LRL1). LRL1 mutants showed slower growth under P-depletion. Moreover, cell size in the mutant was significantly reduced, and TAG and starch accumulation per cell were decreased. Transcriptomic analysis also suggested the repression of several genes typically upregulated in adaptation to P-depletion that are associated with the cell cycle and P and lipid metabolism. Thus, our analysis of LRL1 provides insights into P-allocation and lipid remodeling under P-depleted conditions in C. reinhardtii. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES: This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally-shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The sequencing data were made publicly available under the BioProject Accession number PRJDB6733 and an accession number LC488724 at the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ). The data is available at https://trace.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/BPSearch/bioproject?acc=PRJDB6733; http://getentry.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/getentry/na/LC488724. The metabolome data were made publicly available and can be accessed at http://metabolonote.kazusa.or.jp/SE195:/; http://webs2.kazusa.or.jp/data/nur/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur A. Hidayati
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Yui Yamada‐Oshima
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Masako Iwai
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Takashi Yamano
- Graduate School of BiostudiesKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8502Japan
| | | | - Nozomu Sakurai
- Technology DevelopmentKazusa DNA Research InstituteKazusa‐kamatari 2‐6‐7KisarazuChiba292‐0818Japan
- Present address:
National Institute of Genetics Bioinformation & DDBJ Center1111 YataMishimaShizuoka411‐8540Japan
| | - Kunihiro Suda
- Technology DevelopmentKazusa DNA Research InstituteKazusa‐kamatari 2‐6‐7KisarazuChiba292‐0818Japan
| | - Kanami Sesoko
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Koichi Hori
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Takeshi Obayashi
- Graduate School of Information SciencesTohoku University6‐3‐09, Aramaki‐Aza‐Aoba, Aoba‐kuSendai980‐8679Japan
| | - Mie Shimojima
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
| | - Hideya Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of BiostudiesKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8502Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology4259‐B‐65 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐kuYokohama226‐8501Japan
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9
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Liang MH, Qv XY, Chen H, Wang Q, Jiang JG. Effects of Salt Concentrations and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Starvations on Neutral Lipid Contents in the Green Microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:3190-3197. [PMID: 28368591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dunaliella tertiolecta, a halotolerant alga, can accumulate large amounts of neutral lipid, which makes it a potential biodiesel feedstock. In this study, neutral lipids of D. tertiolecta induced by different salinities or N or P starvation were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), flow cytometry (FCM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). High salinities or N or P starvation resulted in a decrease in cell growth and chlorophyll contents of D. tertiolecta. Neutral lipid contents increased markedly after 3-7 days of N starvation or at low NaCl concentrations (0.5-2.0 M). N starvation had a more dramatic effect on the neutral lipid contents of D. tertiolecta than P starvation. Four putative ME isozymes in different conditions can be detected by using isozyme electrophoresis. Two alternative acetyl-CoA producers, ACL and ACS genes, were up-regulated under low salinities and N starvation. It was suggested that low salinities and N starvation are considered efficient ways to stimulate lipid accumulation in D. tertiolecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Qv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
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Brandsma J. Phytoplankton phenotype plasticity induced by phosphorus starvation may play a significant role in marine microbial ecology and biogeochemistry. New Phytol 2016; 211:765-766. [PMID: 27397523 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joost Brandsma
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Iwai M, Hori K, Sasaki-Sekimoto Y, Shimojima M, Ohta H. Manipulation of oil synthesis in Nannochloropsis strain NIES-2145 with a phosphorus starvation-inducible promoter from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:912. [PMID: 26441858 PMCID: PMC4561341 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae accumulate triacylglycerols (TAGs) under conditions of nutrient stress. Phosphorus (P) starvation induces the accumulation of TAGs, and the cells under P starvation maintain growth through photosynthesis. We recently reported that P starvation–dependent overexpression of type-2 diacylglycerol acyl-CoA acyltransferase (CrDGTT4) from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol synthase 2 (SQD2) promoter, which has increased activity during P starvation, enhances TAG accumulation in C. reinhardtii cells. As a result, the content of C18:1 fatty acid, a preferred substrate of CrDGTT4, is increased in TAGs. Here we isolated genes encoding SQD2 from strain NIES-2145 of the eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis and showed that their expression, like that in C. reinhardtii, was up-regulated during P starvation. To enhance oil accumulation under P starvation, we transformed pCrSQD2-CrDGTT4 into Nannochloropsis strain NIES-2145. The transformants had a fatty acid composition that was more similar to that of C. reinhardtii, which resulted in enhanced TAG accumulation and higher 18:1(9) content. The results indicated that the P starvation–inducible promoter of C. reinhardtii was able to drive expression of the CrDGTT4 gene in Nannochloropsis strain NIES-2145 under P starvation. We conclude that the heterologous CrSQD2 promoter is effective in manipulating TAG synthesis in Nannochloropsis during P starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Iwai
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama, Japan ; JST CREST Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Hori
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama, Japan ; JST CREST Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Mie Shimojima
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama, Japan ; JST CREST Tokyo, Japan ; Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo, Japan
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Pant BD, Burgos A, Pant P, Cuadros-Inostroza A, Willmitzer L, Scheible WR. The transcription factor PHR1 regulates lipid remodeling and triacylglycerol accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana during phosphorus starvation. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:1907-18. [PMID: 25680792 PMCID: PMC4378627 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid remodeling is one of the most dramatic metabolic responses to phosphorus (P) starvation. It consists of the degradation of phospholipids to release the phosphate needed by the cell and the accumulation of glycolipids to replace phospholipids in the membranes. It is shown that PHR1, a well-described transcriptional regulator of P starvation of the MYB family, largely controls this response. Glycerolipid composition and the expression of most lipid-remodeling gene transcripts analysed were altered in the phr1 mutant under phosphate starvation in comparison to wild-type plants. In addition to these results, the lipidomic characterization of wild-type plants showed two novel features of the lipid response to P starvation for Arabidopsis. Triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulates dramatically under P starvation (by as much as ~20-fold in shoots and ~13-fold in roots), a response known to occur in green algae but hardly known in plants. Surprisingly, there was an increase in phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in P-starved roots, a response that may be adaptive as it was suppressed in the phr1 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Datt Pant
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Asdrubal Burgos
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Pooja Pant
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | | | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
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Xi L, Wen C, Fang S, Chen X, Nie J, Chu J, Yuan C, Yan C, Ma N, Zhao L. Impacts of strigolactone on shoot branching under phosphate starvation in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum cv. Jinba). Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:694. [PMID: 26442011 PMCID: PMC4566059 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum cv. Jinba) shoot branching is determined by bud outgrowth during the vegetative growth stage. The degree of axillary bud outgrowth is highly influenced by environmental conditions, such as nutrient availability. Here, we demonstrated that phosphorus (Pi) starvation significantly reduces axillary bud outgrowth in chrysanthemum. A strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis gene, DgCCD7, was isolated and characterized as an ortholog of MAX3/DAD3/RMS5/D17. By using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), three putative SLs were identified and levels of all three SLs showed strong increase under Pi starvation conditions. Determinations of the distribution of SLs and regulation of DgCCD7/8 in response to Pi changes in root indicate that SL acts systemically. However, temporal expression patterns of biosynthesis and signaling genes in nodes revealed that Pi starvation causes a local response of SL pathway. Treatment of node segments with or without auxin and Pi revealed that in the absence of exogenous auxin, Pi delayed axillary buds outgrowth and up-regulated local SL pathway genes. These data indicated that an auxin-SL regulatory loop responded to Pi starvation for delaying bud outgrowth locally, root biosynthesized SLs were transported acropetally and functioned in shoot branching inhibition under Pi starvation. We proposed that SLs contributed to chrysanthemum shoot branching control in response to Pi-limiting conditions in a systemic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Chao Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Shuang Fang
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - JinFang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Cunquan Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Cunyu Yan
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Liangjun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liangjun Zhao, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
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Iwai M, Ikeda K, Shimojima M, Ohta H. Enhancement of extraplastidic oil synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using a type-2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase with a phosphorus starvation-inducible promoter. Plant Biotechnol J 2014; 12:808-19. [PMID: 24909748 PMCID: PMC4160818 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When cultivated under stress conditions, many plants and algae accumulate oil. The unicellular green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii accumulates neutral lipids (triacylglycerols; TAGs) during nutrient stress conditions. Temporal changes in TAG levels in nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-starved cells were examined to compare the effects of nutrient depletion on TAG accumulation in C. reinhardtii. TAG accumulation and fatty acid composition were substantially changed depending on the cultivation stage before nutrient starvation. Profiles of TAG accumulation also differed between N and P starvation. Logarithmic-growth-phase cells diluted into fresh medium showed substantial TAG accumulation with both N and P deprivation. N deprivation induced formation of oil droplets concomitant with the breakdown of thylakoid membranes. In contrast, P deprivation substantially induced accumulation of oil droplets in the cytosol and maintaining thylakoid membranes. As a consequence, P limitation accumulated more TAG both per cell and per culture medium under these conditions. To enhance oil accumulation under P deprivation, we constructed a P deprivation-dependent overexpressor of a Chlamydomonas type-2 diacylglycerol acyl-CoA acyltransferase (DGTT4) using a sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol 2 (SQD2) promoter, which was up-regulated during P starvation. The transformant strongly enhanced TAG accumulation with a slight increase in 18 : 1 content, which is a preferred substrate of DGTT4. These results demonstrated enhanced TAG accumulation using a P starvation-inducible promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Iwai
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyMidori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- Biomaterial Analysis Center, Technical Department, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyMidori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mie Shimojima
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyMidori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyMidori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyMeguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence (Tel 81 45 924 5736; fax 81 45 924 5823; email )
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Petrou K, Doblin MA, Smith RA, Ralph PJ, Shelly K, Beardall J. STATE TRANSITIONS AND NONPHOTOCHEMICAL QUENCHING DURING A NUTRIENT-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE TRANSIENT IN PHOSPHORUS-STARVED DUNALIELLA TERTIOLECTA(1). J Phycol 2008; 44:1204-1211. [PMID: 27041717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Assessments of nutrient-limitation in microalgae using chl a fluorescence have revealed that nitrogen and phosphorus depletion can be detected as a change in chl a fluorescence signal when nutrient-starved algae are resupplied with the limiting nutrient. This photokinetic phenomenon is known as a nutrient-induced fluorescence transient, or NIFT. Cultures of the unicellular marine chlorophyte Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher were grown under phosphate starvation to investigate the photophysiological mechanism behind the NIFT response. A combination of low temperature (77 K) fluorescence, photosynthetic inhibitors, and nonphotochemical quenching analyses were used to determine that the NIFT response is associated with changes in energy distribution between PSI and PSII and light-stress-induced nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Previous studies point to state transitions as the likely mechanism behind the NIFT response; however, our results show that state transitions are not solely responsible for this phenomenon. This study shows that an interaction of at least two physiological processes is involved in the rapid quenching of chl a fluorescence observed in P-starved D. tertiolecta: (1) state transitions to provide the nutrient-deficient cell with metabolic energy for inorganic phosphate (Pi )-uptake and (2) energy-dependent quenching to allow the nutrient-stressed cell to avoid photodamage from excess light energy during nutrient uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Petrou
- Institute for Water and Environmental Resource Management and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, AustraliaSchool of Biological Sciences, PO Box 18, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - M A Doblin
- Institute for Water and Environmental Resource Management and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, AustraliaSchool of Biological Sciences, PO Box 18, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - R A Smith
- Institute for Water and Environmental Resource Management and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, AustraliaSchool of Biological Sciences, PO Box 18, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - P J Ralph
- Institute for Water and Environmental Resource Management and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, AustraliaSchool of Biological Sciences, PO Box 18, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - K Shelly
- Institute for Water and Environmental Resource Management and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, AustraliaSchool of Biological Sciences, PO Box 18, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - J Beardall
- Institute for Water and Environmental Resource Management and Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, AustraliaSchool of Biological Sciences, PO Box 18, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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