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Zhang Y, Wang J, Yan Y, Xu J, Li H, Zhang T, Wen H, Liu X, Liu Y, Lv C, Zhu H. Enhancing medical students' science communication skills: from the perspective of new media. Adv Physiol Educ 2024; 48:288-294. [PMID: 38385192 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00192.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
With the development of science over the years, people have increasingly realized the importance of science communication. Unfortunately, very little research has focused on helping medical students develop the capabilities of science communication. To improve medical students' science communication and evaluate the effectiveness of New Media through mobile clients in health science communication, a competition was held among medical undergraduates. Outstanding works were selected for publication on our official health science communication WeChat account. Furthermore, the participants volunteered to complete a questionnaire survey to help us assess students' awareness of science communication. Our analysis revealed that students had a strong willingness to serve society and to participate in science communication work. Students generally agreed that science communication work had excellent effects on professional knowledge and related skills. In addition, the correlation results showed that the greater students' willingness to participate in health science communication was, the greater their sense of gain. New Media effectively expand the influence of students' popular science works. Our findings suggest that competition in science communication has a positive impact on enhancing students' awareness and capabilities in science communication. In addition, New Media are an effective way to improve students' scientific communication efficiency. However, we also noted that students' participation rate and enthusiasm for scientific communication were not high. Further research is needed to determine the reasons for this situation and potential strategies to further improve students' science communication.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The science communication competition had a positive impact on helping medical students develop awareness and capabilities for science communication. In addition, New Media are an effective way to improve students' scientific communication efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Wen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Lv
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Chigbu BI, Chinyamurindi W, Marange CS. Influence of organisational climate on public service employee physical health. Health SA 2024; 29:2244. [PMID: 38628234 PMCID: PMC11019337 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The working conditions in the South African public service, notably its challenging environment, pose significant threats to the physical health of employees. Calls exist in understanding how this can be addressed. Aim The study investigated the predictors of physical health, accounting for the role of organisational climate and decent work. Setting The study was conducted in Bisho in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Methods An instrument was administered through a survey using a sample of 289 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to test the hypothesised relationships. Results No significant direct effect existed to show that the sounder an organisational climate, the better the physical health of employees will be (β = -0.014, t = -0.199, p = 0.843, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.153 to 0.125]). However, statistically significant evidence existed to show that the more focus on promoting decent work, the better the physical health of employees will be (β = 0.463, p = < 0.001, 95% CI [0.258 to 0.668]). Finally, decent work has a full mediating effect on the relationship between organisational climate and employee physical health (β = 0.105, 95% CI [0.054 to 0.167]). Conclusion Public service organisations need to pay attention to the role of its climate and decent working conditions in promoting employee physical health. Contribution Interventions are needed centered on improving decent work and the organisational climate as identified predictors of employee physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca I. Chigbu
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Willie Chinyamurindi
- Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management and Commerce, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa
| | - Chioneso S. Marange
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa
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Seinsche L, Schubin K, Neumann J, Pfaff H. Do I want to work from home today? Specific job crafting strategies of public service employees working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: a qualitative study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1183812. [PMID: 37901089 PMCID: PMC10613060 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1183812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, employees in Europe increasingly worked from home. In the German public sector, many employees experienced working from home for the first time. Concurrently, employees could use job crafting activities to alter job demands and resources while working from home. This exploratory case study aims to shed light on how public service employees craft their job demands and job resources, and how they perceive job satisfaction and productivity while working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. A novel theoretical approach is applied to explore crafting activities that target specific job demands and resources when working from home, using a combined framework of resource-based job crafting based on the Job Demands-Resources model and time-spatial job crafting. Methods Qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with employees from different public sectors in Germany between December 2021 and February 2022. According to the COREQ guidelines, the 12 semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and content-analyzed using MAXQDA. Results The results suggest that employees, who were new to working from home, developed personal crafting strategies for their flexible work environment. These strategies supported them in coping with hindering job demands (e.g., measures regarding work-related availability or interruptions) by optimizing their working conditions. Additionally, employees used strategies to increase their social resources (e.g., initiating meetings with colleagues) and structural resources (e.g., installing additional work equipment, planning of office days and working-from-home days). The use of given job resources and optimization of job demands are closely linked to the time-spatial demands fit. Thereby, the time-spatial demands fit is used to combine workplaces, work hours, or work tasks with the provided resources and demands to achieve an optimal work environment, which also facilitates employees' productivity and satisfaction. Conclusion The results enrich the resource-based and time-spatial demand job crafting research by adding specific job crafting strategies utilized by public service employees. Furthermore, the results highlight job crafting strategies for enhancing job satisfaction and productivity when working from home in the post-pandemic world, thus offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Seinsche
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Chair of Quality Development and Evaluation in Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Yi F, Woo JJ, Zhang Q. Community Resilience and COVID-19: A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Resilience Attributes in 16 Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:474. [PMID: 36612795 PMCID: PMC9819088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused massive disruptions to governments and societies across the world. While public healthcare systems have come under immense pressure, public trust in governments and institutions are also in decline. In this paper, we seek to assess the resilience of policy systems and processes in 16 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic through the use of fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). We focus specifically on robustness, preparedness, social capital, and institutional strength as key attributes of community resilience at city-level. Our analysis of the data reveals that COVID-19 resilience is dependent on a combination of factors, with a multi-factorial approach to policy design and governance necessary for effective pandemic and disaster recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxin Yi
- Innovation Centre for Risk Governance/School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jun Jie Woo
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119007, Singapore
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Innovation Centre for Risk Governance/School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Seinsche L, Schubin K, Neumann J, Pfaff H. Employees' Resources, Demands and Health While Working from Home during COVID-19 Pandemic-A Qualitative Study in the Public Sector. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:411. [PMID: 36612731 PMCID: PMC9819647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic changed the working environment in Europe in March 2020, leading to an increase in working from home. In the German public sector, many employees experienced working from home for the first time. Despite the impact on employees' daily working life, we know little about employees' resources, demands and health while working from home. The aim of this study is to investigate how working from home is implemented in the public sector one year after the COVID-19 outbreak. In line with the job demand-resources model by Bakker and Demerouti (2007), potential resources, demands and health benefits of working from home are explored. (2) Methods: Semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with twelve employees from different public sectors in Germany between December 2021 and February 2022. The semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and the data was content-analyzed. (3) Results: Employees reported that personal resources, job autonomy, work task, collaboration, leadership, offers by the agency, work environment and equipment served as resources to buffer physical, social, psychological and organizational demands. (4) Conclusions: The research highlights job resources, job demands and potential health impacts of working from home in the public service. Furthermore, the study shows possible starting points for dealing with the health risks of working from home in the future.
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Deepa Y, Mooventhan A, Christa E, Kayelarasi CA. Effect of yoga on cardiovascular functions and psychological aspects of people on public service-related work: an exploratory study. J Complement Integr Med 2022; 19:1033-1038. [PMID: 34243225 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Yoga is increasingly being introduced in workplace settings to improve health and well-being. However, there is a lack of studies reporting the effect of yoga in people on public service-related work, who are at high risk for various health-related problems. Thus, the objective of this study was to find the effect of yoga on cardiovascular functions and psychological (stress, anxiety, and depression) aspects of people on public service-related work. METHODS A single-group pre-test and post-test experimental study design was adopted. Eighty-two participants aged 41.52 ± 7.44 years who are working in the Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission were undergone 1-h of yoga (under the supervision of a yoga & naturopathy doctor) a day, 5-days a week for a period of 1-month at their office. Cardiovascular functions such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse rate (PR) were measured using an automatic BP monitor. Psychological variables such as stress, anxiety, and depression were measured using Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) before and after the intervention. RESULTS Results of this study showed a significant reduction in body mass index, SBP, DBP, PR, mean arterial pressure, rate pressure product, and double product. Though results showed insignificant (just missed the statistical significance [p=0.056]) reduction in anxiety, it showed clinical improvement (i.e. the mean anxiety score has reduced from moderate category to mild category). However, there is neither statistically significant nor clinical difference in stress and depression. None of the participants reported any untoward events during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that yoga might improve the cardiovascular functions and anxiety of people in public service-related work. However, no such significant improvement was noted in their stress and depression levels. However, a randomized controlled trial is required to warrant the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Deepa
- Department of Manipulative Therapy, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Mooventhan
- Department of Research, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Edmin Christa
- Department of Manipulative Therapy, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - C A Kayelarasi
- Department of Manipulative Therapy, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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du Sartz de Vigneulles B, Carrouel F, Verot E, Michel C, Barthelme T, Pere JC, Salamon R, Dussart C. Alcohol Consumption in the Specific Socio-Professional Context of the French Public Service: Qualitative Study Protocol. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15915. [PMID: 36497988 PMCID: PMC9741064 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol, a psychoactive substance with addictive potential, has major consequences on the population and public health. In France, alcohol use disorder affects approximately 3.5 million people, and 41,000 persons died in 2015. Alcohol consumption is significantly correlated to the workplace. Thus, the workplace is an area of opportunity to change risky behaviors and must play a key role in the prevention of alcohol misuse. To do this, it is essential to understand the consumption framework and to identify specific environmental risk factors. This qualitative study aims to describe the framework of alcohol consumption in the French public service. A focus group will be organized in France from November to January 2023. The participants will be: (i) representatives of the Local Health Insurance; (ii) over 18 years old; (iii) active or retired civil servants; (iv) mutualist activists; and (v) representatives of the Union of Health Prevention for the Obligatory System of the Public Service. The exclusion criteria for the study will be: (i) lack of consent form; (ii) inability to participate in the focus group, and (iii) early departure during the focus group. The focus groups will be supervised by two researchers following an interview guide. The data will be analyzed using the methodological framework, which consists in carrying out a thematic analysis. This will allow for an understanding of the sources of usage behaviors, and the identification of the most appropriate intervention functions for suitable prevention actions in order to reduce the risk of a transition to alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin du Sartz de Vigneulles
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Elise Verot
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- University Jean Monnet, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Equipe PREDUCAN, CIC Inserm 1408 Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Christian Michel
- Practice for Addiction Medicine-Association for Prevention and Rehabilitation (gGmbH), 77694 Kehl, Germany
| | - Thierry Barthelme
- French Society of Officinal Pharmaceutical Sciences (SFSPO), 91570 Bièvres, France
| | - Jean-Charles Pere
- Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology and Development (ISPED), Inserm U1219, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Roger Salamon
- Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology and Development (ISPED), Inserm U1219, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Claude Dussart
- Laboratory “Health, Systemic, Process” (P2S), UR4129, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
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Reznick JS, Koyle KM. History with Heart-and Impact: The National Library of Medicine Michael E. DeBakey Fellowship in the History of Medicine. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2022; 17:100-105. [PMID: 34992730 PMCID: PMC8679981 DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Library of Medicine (NLM) Michael E. DeBakey Fellowship in the History of Medicine is a unique program in a unique institution: the world’s largest biomedical library, which is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The fellowship is rooted in strong connections between its namesake and the NLM and is an expression of Dr. Michael E. DeBakey’s longstanding appreciation of the library and the role of the humanities in medical education and practice. This article explains Dr. DeBakey’s connections to the NLM and describes the origins, development, and structure of the NLM Michael E. DeBakey Fellowship in the History of Medicine. It also highlights research achievements of selected NLM Michael E. DeBakey Fellows, demonstrating that the fellowship is successfully carrying forward Dr. DeBakey’s principles and practices of weaving science, technology, and the humanities to form holistic understanding of the human condition, inspiring well-rounded careers built on both scientific and humanistic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Reznick
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, US
| | - Kenneth M Koyle
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, US
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Gozum IEA. Common good and public service as vital components for government officials in promoting COVID-19 vaccination. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:e311-e312. [PMID: 33575801 PMCID: PMC7928738 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports show that there is resistance in certain countries in regard with receiving COVID-19 vaccination. Different factors contribute to this resistance. With this, if we are to promote COVID-19 vaccination, government officials must build public trust so that the hesitancy among the citizens will be lessened. Thus, this paper proposes that in building public trust, the true essence of common good and public service must be seen from the officials so that their constituents will trust them with their decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Efreaim A Gozum
- Center for Christian Formation and Praxis, Angeles City, Pampanga 2009, Philippines
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Peralta A, Rubalcaba L. A Metagovernance Model of Innovation Networks in the Health and Social Services Using a Neo-Schumpeterian Framework. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6133. [PMID: 34204132 PMCID: PMC8201204 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Health and social services (HSS) are now, more than ever, at the center of the debate of public policy. We are interested in studying the HSS services innovations from the networked-governance strategy standpoint. With this research, we contribute by analyzing the criteria leading to the formation of HSS public service innovation networks (HSS PSINs). These criteria are important because they may result in the much-needed empirical foundation of the metagovernance of public networks for sustainable innovation. Our analysis rests on neo-Schumpeterian interpretations of product, process, organizational, market, and input innovations, and their characteristics. By an empirical partial least squares structural equations model, we present here the relationships between those characteristics and HSS PSINs. Our intent is that these relationships become clearer, and help enhance HSS PSINs metagovernance-i.e., their control, democratic legitimacy, and accountability by public decision-makers. Hence, our research supports the voices for an extended use of networks for policy and service collaborative innovation for sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Rubalcaba
- Department of Business and Economics, Faculty of Business, Economics, and Tourism, University of Alcala (UAH), 28802 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
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Sung SH, Park M, Kim J, Jeon SW, Sung ADM, Lee EJ, Oh D, Park JY, Park JK, Kim KH. Current Status of Traditional Korean Medicine Services in Public Sector: A Study for Integrating Traditional Korean Medicine into Community Care System. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050493. [PMID: 33922075 PMCID: PMC8143512 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Korea is currently executing a pilot program for community care of its aging population and aims to implement community care systems on a national scale by 2025. This study examines the traditional Korean medicine (TKM) service to be provided within community care by understanding the current status of TKM services. The Ministry of Health and Welfare (MoHW) sent official letters to 242 local governments (cities, districts, and counties) from October to November 2019 to survey the status of the public TKM services provided in 2018. The items of the survey included basic demographic information as well as information that could reveal how the program was implemented. In 112 local government jurisdictions (response rate 46.3%), a total of 867 TKM service programs were in place. As a result of the survey, it was revealed that they did not have any service manuals or evaluation results. To provide home-care-based TKM service for the elderly as an integrated part of a community care system, it is necessary to develop, distribute, and evaluate a standard service manual including an evaluation index by the central government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Sung
- Department of Policy Development, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Seoul 04554, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (A.D.-M.S.); (E.-J.L.)
| | - Minjung Park
- National Agency for Development of Innovative technologies in Korean Medicine, Seoul 04554, Korea;
| | - Jihye Kim
- Research Institute of Korean Medicine Policy, The Association of Korean Medicine, Seoul 07525, Korea;
| | - Sun-Woo Jeon
- Chung-Yeon Central Institute, Gwangju 61949, Korea;
| | - Angela Dong-Min Sung
- Department of Policy Development, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Seoul 04554, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (A.D.-M.S.); (E.-J.L.)
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Department of Policy Development, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Seoul 04554, Korea; (S.-H.S.); (A.D.-M.S.); (E.-J.L.)
| | - Danny Oh
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea;
| | - Jung-Youn Park
- Department of Health and Welfare, Yuhan University, Bucheon 14780, Korea;
| | - Jang-Kyung Park
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-K.P.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Kyeong Han Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-K.P.); (K.H.K.)
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Liu S, Wei Q, Failler P, Lan H. Fine Particulate Air Pollution, Public Service, and Under-Five Mortality: A Cross-Country Empirical Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E271. [PMID: 32823932 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on health outcomes, especially those of children, have attracted worldwide attention. Based on the PM2.5 concentration data of 94 countries, including the least developed countries estimated by satellite observations in nearly 20 years, this paper investigated the impacts of PM2.5 pollution on under-five mortality rate (U5MR) and analyzed the role of public service in moderating the PM2.5-mortality relationship. Results indicated that PM2.5 pollution had significantly positive influence on U5MR globally. However, the effects of fine particulate pollution on child mortality were heterogeneous in terms of their significance and degrees in countries with different levels of development. A further test based on panel threshold model revealed that public service, measured by public education spending and sanitation service, played a positive moderating role in the PM2.5-mortality relationship. Specifically, when the ratio of public education expenditure in GDP of a country exceeded the first threshold value 3.39% and the second threshold value 5.47%, the magnitude of the impacts of PM2.5 pollution on U5MR significantly decreased accordingly. When the percentage of population with access to improved sanitation facilities in a country was over 41.3%, the health damaging effects were reduced by more than half. This paper fills the current gap of PM2.5 research in least developed countries and provides key policy recommendations.
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Abstract
Doubtless, China's long-term extensive development model has exacerbated environmental pollution, thus posing a great threat to the health of its residents. Against this background, the present paper constructs a comprehensive system for evaluating environmental pollution from the perspective of environmental pollution and natural purification, and then empirically analyzes the impact of environmental pollution on the "near-term health," "self-rated health", and "mental health" of Chinese residents via the Hierarchical Linear Model based on the data from China Family Panel Studies in 2016. This paper focuses on the impact of environmental pollution on physical health as well as on mental health. The results are as follows: (1) although environmental pollution in China has no significant negative impact on the "near-term health" of residents, it can reduce the levels of "self-rated health" and "mental health" of residents; (2) environmental pollution causes more health losses to the low-income group and residents in underdeveloped cities in central and western China. It is argued that perfecting public services is an important way to improve residents' physical and mental health in the process of urbanization in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yuan
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Jinkai Zhao
- College of Economics and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology , Qingdao, China
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Abstract
Wartime mobilization shapes state development, since veterans also display high rates of civilian public employment. Such a pattern could result from a treatment effect of military service—likely resulting from government programs that institute veterans hiring preferences. Alternatively, veterans may be temperamentally predisposed to prefer public employment. We rule out this latter self-selection possibility by examining whether birthdates randomly called for induction in the Vietnam-Era Selective Service Lotteries appear disproportionately in the population of nonsensitive personnel records of the civilian US executive branch. We find that birthdates called for induction appear with disproportionately high frequency among draft-eligible employees at risk of induction. Net of selection, military service affects entry into public sector employment, and thus, wartime mobilization continues to influence who works in the administrative state. Since at least T. H. Marshall, scholars have recognized military service as a form of sacrifice that warrants compensation from the state. War-widow pensions, expansion of the franchise, and subsidized higher education are all examples of rights and benefits “bestowed” in return for wartime mobilization. Similarly, in the United States, governments have hired veterans preferentially for civilian public jobs as recompense for active military service. Although oft overlooked, those policies seem influential: the percentage of job holders identifying as veterans in the civilian US executive branch exceeds the proportion in the wider population by several multiples. This century-old pattern suggests another way that wartime mobilization has influenced the state. Yet, efforts to understand it have struggled to rule out the possibility that those who serve in the armed forces are predisposed to work for the state in both military and civilian capacities. Here, we rule out this possibility by examining whether birthdates randomly called for induction in the Vietnam-Era Selective Service Lotteries (VSSL) appear disproportionately in the population of nonsensitive personnel records of the civilian US executive branch. We find that birthdates called for induction appear with unusually high frequency among employees who were draft eligible and at risk for induction but not among other employees. This finding suggests a treatment effect from military service, thus dovetailing with the hypothesis that wartime mobilization has substantially and continually influenced who works in the contemporary administrative state.
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15
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Meng X, Carling K, Håkansson J, Rebreyend P. How do administrative borders affect accessibility to hospitals? The case of Sweden. Int J Health Plann Manage 2018; 33. [PMID: 29667273 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An administrative border might hinder the optimal allocation of a given set of resources by restricting the flow of goods, services, and people. In this paper, we address the question: Do administrative borders lead to poor accessibility to public service? In answering the question, we have examined the case of Sweden and its regional administrative borders and hospital accessibility. We have used detailed data on the Swedish road network, its hospitals, and its geo-coded population. We have assessed the population's spatial accessibility to Swedish hospitals by computing the inhabitants' distance to the nearest hospital. We have also elaborated several scenarios ranging from strongly confining regional borders to no confinements of borders and recomputed the accessibility. Our findings imply that administrative borders are only marginally worsening the accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Meng
- Microdata Analysis, Minsheng Securities, Beijing, China
| | - Kenneth Carling
- Statistics and Microdata Analysis, School of Technology and Business Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Johan Håkansson
- Hunan Geography, School of Technology and Business Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Pascal Rebreyend
- Computer Science, School of Technology and Business Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
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16
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Abstract
Dementia is characterized by deficits in more than one cognitive domain,
affecting language, praxis, gnosis, memory or executive functions. Despite the
essential economic growth observed in many developing countries, especially over
the last century, huge differences remain in health care, whether among nations
themselves or across different regions of the same country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Ferreira Camargo
- MD, PhD; Neurology Service, Medicine Department, University Teaching Hospital - State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Giuliano Retzlaff
- Medicine student; Neurology Service, Medicine Department, University Teaching Hospital - State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Filipe Fernandes Justus
- Medicine student; Neurology Service, Medicine Department, University Teaching Hospital - State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Resende
- MD; Neurology Service, Medicine Department, University Teaching Hospital - State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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