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Khetarpal SK, Szoko N, Culyba AJ, Shaw D, Ragavan MI. Associations Between Parental Monitoring and Multiple Types of Youth Violence Victimization: A Brief Report. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP19216-NP19227. [PMID: 34348500 PMCID: PMC9115795 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211035882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Youth violence victimization continues to be pervasive and a significant cause of adolescent mortality. Since their 2014 "Connecting the Dots" report, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have encouraged researchers to identify shared protective factors that prevent multiple forms of youth violence. Parental monitoring, a bidirectional construct encompassing parental knowledge and regulation of their child's activities with children's concurrent perception of their parent's awareness of such activities, could be such a cross-cutting protective factor. In this study, we examined associations between parental monitoring and multiple types of violence victimization among a school-based sample of adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of an anonymous survey of health risk and protective behaviors completed by students across Pittsburgh Public Schools (N = 2,426). In separate analyses, we used logistic regression to examine associations between youth-reported parental monitoring and multiple experiences of youth violence victimization, ranging from school- and electronic-based bullying to different forms of sexual and physical violence. We found that many experiences of youth violence victimization were consistent with nationally representative data. In addition, we determined that higher parental monitoring was significantly and inversely associated with all violence victimization outcomes examined (school-based bullying, electronic-based bullying, threatening someone with a weapon, adolescent relationship abuse, sexual assault, and exchange sex) at the p < .05 threshold. Overall, this study is one of the first that examines how parental monitoring relates to multiple forms of youth violence victimization, including exchange sex, which is a critical but less-studied violence experience. This work adds to the growing literature on how parental monitoring may serve as a shared protective factor for multiple forms of violence victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Szoko
- UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison J. Culyba
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maya I. Ragavan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Edwards KM, Sessarego SN, Stanley LR, Mitchell KJ, Eckstein RP, Rodenhizer KAE, Leyva PC, Banyard VL. Development and Psychometrics of Instruments to Assess School Personnel's Bystander Action in Situations of Teen Relationship Abuse and Sexual Assault. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:NP1586-1606NP. [PMID: 29295034 PMCID: PMC6370500 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517746946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article describes recently developed instruments that assess school personnel's bystander barriers and intentions in situations of teen relationship abuse, sexual assault, and sexual harassment, as well as perceptions of school readiness specific to relationship abuse, sexual assault, and sexual harassment prevention and response. Participants were 1,150 high school personnel from 25 schools in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Maine. Specific instruments focused on bystander intentions, bystander action, barriers to bystander action, and perceptions of school readiness. Participants were randomly divided into two groups for analysis-the exploratory sample (ES; n = 575) and the confirmatory sample (CS; n = 575). Overall, the measures demonstrated acceptable fit indices. Results suggested that most measures and subscales had adequate reliability, but a few subscales had less than ideal internal consistency, which can likely be attributed to the small number of items. More work is needed, but these measures act as a starting point by which the role of school personnel in prevention initiatives and bystander intervention can be evaluated.
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Abstract
Teen dating violence victimization is associated with a host of adverse mental and physical health problems. A number of bystander-focused interventions have been developed to mitigate the occurrence of abuse but with varying effectiveness. There remains a need to understand more about bystander behaviors used by adolescents to ensure that existing intervention components match with bystanders' attitudes and behaviors about intervening. The current study is a scoping review of existing literature on adolescents' use of bystander behaviors to determine who, when, how, and why adolescents intervene. Seventeen articles met inclusion criteria, the majority of which used qualitative or observational survey designs. Adolescents who either feel a sense of responsibility and confidence to intervene or are directly involved with or know the individuals involved in the dating violence are more likely to intervene. Adolescents intervene when they are able to define an act as dating violence and tend to intervene when the victim is female and when they have a supportive relationship with at least one teacher in their school. The various ways how bystander intervention is engaged in ranges from verbally or physically confronting the abuser, distracting the abuser, seeking support from an adult, to passively accepting the abuse. Reasons why adolescents intervene include believing the abuse is wrong and that intervening will diffuse the situation and help the victim. A number of barriers to bystander intervention emerged from analysis including individual attitudes and school climate factors. Implications for strengthening bystander intervention programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Debnam
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victoria Mauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Banyard VL, Demers JM, Cohn ES, Edwards KM, Moynihan MM, Walsh WA, Ward SK. Academic Correlates of Unwanted Sexual Contact, Intercourse, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence: An Understudied but Important Consequence for College Students. J Interpers Violence 2020; 35:4375-4392. [PMID: 29294800 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517715022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sexual assault, partner abuse, and stalking are major problems on college campuses. Past research has demonstrated a host of physiological and psychological outcomes associated with victimization; however, there has been little research conducted on the potential academic outcomes associated with victimization. The purpose of this study was to measure the relation between academic outcomes and experiences of sexual violence, intimate partner violence, and stalking victimization among college students. A sample of 6,482 undergraduate students currently enrolled at one of eight universities in New England was surveyed using items from the subscales of the College Persistence Questionnaire (Academic Efficacy, Collegiate Stress, Institutional Commitment, and Scholastic Conscientiousness). All four types of victimization were associated with significant differences on academic outcomes after controlling for sex and year in school, with victimized students reporting lower academic efficacy, higher college-related stress, lower institutional commitment, and lower scholastic conscientiousness. Polyvictimization was also significantly correlated with outcomes, with the greater number of types of victimization experienced by students being associated with more negative academic outcomes. Implications for future research and campus response were discussed.
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Edwards KM, Banyard VL, Sessarego SN, Stanley LR, Mitchell KJ, Eckstein RP, Rodenhizer KAE, Leyva PC. Measurement Tools to Assess Relationship Abuse and Sexual Assault Prevention Program Effectiveness Among Youth. Psychol Violence 2018; 8:537-545. [PMID: 31660253 PMCID: PMC6816802 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article describes the adaptation, development, and psychometric properties of survey instruments to assess outcomes of bystander-focused violence prevention efforts among high school students, including media literacy, rape myths, bystander readiness, bystander barriers and facilitators of bystander action, bystander intentions, perceptions of school personnel helping, perceptions of peer helping, and victim empathy. METHOD The study was based on data collected from 3,172 high school students across 25 schools in northern New England. RESULTS Overall, the measures demonstrated acceptable fit indices in multilevel exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Whereas most measures and subscales had adequate reliability, several measures had less than ideal internal consistency, likely because of the limited number of items. CONCLUSION Although additional measurement work is needed, these measures provide researchers and practitioners with foundational tools for basic research and program evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Edwards
- Departments of Psychology and Prevention Innovations Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Victoria L Banyard
- Departments of Psychology and Prevention Innovations Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | | | - Linda R Stanley
- Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University
| | - Kimberly J Mitchell
- Departments of Psychology and Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | - Robert P Eckstein
- Departments of Psychology and Prevention Innovations Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
| | | | - P Caroline Leyva
- Departments of Psychology and Prevention Innovations Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
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Debnam KJ, Johnson SL, Colomé S, Bran JV, Upadhya KK. The Impact of Adolescent Dating Violence Training for Primary Care Providers. J Pediatr Health Care 2018; 32:e19-26. [PMID: 29254901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study presents results from an educational training to increase adolescent dating violence (ADV) screening among primary care clinicians and provides adolescents' perceptions regarding discussing ADV with their clinicians. METHODS A national dating violence advocacy group provided a training in ADV to 16 clinicians serving an urban health clinic. Knowledge, self-efficacy, and expectations were examined before training, after training, and at a 6-month follow-up. Forty-five adolescent patients of the clinicians were also surveyed. RESULTS Analysis shows significant increases in clinician knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and outcome expectations after training and at the 6-month follow-up. About half of adolescents reported that they would disclose if they were in an abusive relationship and believed that their providers could help them. DISCUSSION This training successfully improved clinician self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, knowledge, and behavioral capability regarding ADV. Additional research is needed to determine whether the training leads to improved ADV screening and intervention.
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Karakurt G, Silver KE, Keiley MK. Secure Base Narrative Representations and Intimate Partner Violence: A Dyadic Perspective. J Fam Violence 2016; 31:467-477. [PMID: 27445432 PMCID: PMC4945111 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-015-9778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the relationship between secure base phenomena and dating violence among couples. Within a relationship, a secure base can be defined as a balancing act of proximity-seeking and exploration at various times and contexts with the assurance of a caregiver's availability and responsiveness in emotionally distressing situations. Participants were 87 heterosexual couples. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was used to examine the relationship between each partner's scores on secure base representational knowledge and intimate partner violence. Findings demonstrated that women's secure base representational knowledge had a significant direct negative effect on the victimization of both men and women, while men's secure base representational knowledge did not have any significant partner or actor effects. Therefore, findings suggest that women with insecure attachments may be more vulnerable to being both the victims and the perpetrators of.
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Li E, Freedman LR, Fernandez Y Garcia E, Miller E. Exploring the Role of Faith-Based Organizations in Addressing Adolescent Relationship Abuse. Violence Against Women 2015; 22:609-24. [PMID: 26466975 DOI: 10.1177/1077801215608702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) is prevalent with significant health and social consequences. Faith-based organizations could play an important role in ARA prevention and intervention. Studies on the role of faith-based organizations in interpersonal violence have focused on adult survivor perspectives rather than adolescents. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with faith-based organization leaders, parents, and youth. Findings highlight that church leaders, parents, and youth all expect that faith-based organizations can play a role in educating teens about healthy relationships. Divergent perspectives about how faith-based organizations should address adolescent sexuality and privacy need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Miller
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Fogel CI, Gelaude DJ, Carry M, Herbst JH, Parker S, Scheyette A, Neevel A. Context of risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections among incarcerated women in the south: individual, interpersonal, and societal factors. Women Health 2015; 54:694-711. [PMID: 25204565 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2014.932888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Incarcerated women are disproportionately affected by HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to risk factors before, during, and after imprisonment. This study assessed the behavioral, social, and contextual conditions that contribute to continuing sexual risk behaviors among incarcerated women to inform the adaptation of an evidenced-based behavioral intervention for this population. Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 current and 28 former women prisoners to assess HIV/STI knowledge, perceptions of risk, intimate relationships, and life circumstances. Interviews were independently coded using an iterative process and analyzed using established qualitative analytic methods. Major themes identified in the interviews involved three focal points: individual risk (substance abuse, emotional need, self-worth, perceptions of risk, and safer sex practices); interpersonal risk (partner pressure, betrayal, and violence); and risk environment (economic self-sufficiency and preparation for reentry). These findings highlight the critical components of HIV/STI prevention interventions for incarcerated women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine I Fogel
- a School of Nursing , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
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Taft CT, Resick PA, Panuzio J, Vogt DS, Mechanic MB. Examining the correlates of engagement and disengagement coping among help-seeking battered women. Violence Vict 2007; 22:3-17. [PMID: 17390560 PMCID: PMC2977516 DOI: 10.1891/vv-v22i1a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined several potential correlates of engagement and disengagement coping, including abuse-related factors, socioeconomic and social coping resources, and childhood trauma variables among a sample of battered women (N = 388). Relationship abuse frequency, particularly psychological aggression, and peritraumatic dissociation were the strongest positive predictors of the use of disengagement coping. Social coping resources, including tangible support and appraisals of social support and belonging, were associated with higher engagement coping and lower disengagement coping. A positive association was also found between interparental domestic violence and disengagement coping, and negative associations were found between both childhood physical and sexual abuse and engagement coping. Results suggest that coping strategies used by battered women are multidetermined and deserve further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey T Taft
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, MA 02130, USA.
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